27:
440:
557:
154:
1032:, makes reference to the Grand Tour. Stuart Tartleton, in a conversation with his twin brother, Brent, suspects that their mother is not likely to provide them with a Grand Tour, since they have been expelled from college again. Brent is not concerned, remarking, "What is there to see in Europe? I'll bet those foreigners can't show us a thing we haven't got right here in Georgia". Ashley Wilkes, on the other hand, enjoyed the scenery and music he encountered on his Grand Tour and was always talking about it.
856:
1008:
395:
930:
3297:
636:
265:
3317:
3307:
351:, and the opportunity to acquire things otherwise unavailable, lending an air of accomplishment and prestige to the traveller. Grand Tourists would return with crates full of books, works of art, scientific instruments, and cultural artefacts – from snuff boxes and paperweights to altars, fountains, and statuary – to be displayed in libraries,
963:
married — and so am I — we have found & sworn an eternal attachment ... & I am more in love than ever... and I verily believe we are one of the happiest unlawful couples on this side of the Alps." Many tourists enjoyed sexual relations while abroad but to a great extent were well behaved, such as Thomas Pelham, and scholars, such as
428:(1678) observes: "French courteous. Spanish lordly. Italian amorous. German clownish." The deep suspicion with which Tour was viewed at home in England, where it was feared that the very experiences that completed the British gentleman might well undo him, were epitomised in the sarcastic nativist view of the ostentatiously "well-travelled"
540:
bulk of research conducted on the Grand Tour has been on
British travellers. Dutch scholar Frank-van Westrienen Anna has made note of this historiographic focus, claiming that the scholarly understanding of the Grand Tour would have been more complex if more comparative studies had been carried out on continental travellers.
141:, and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent. It also provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art, and possibly the only chance to hear certain music. A Grand Tour could last anywhere from several months to several years. It was commonly undertaken in the company of a
1071:. Produced by UK's Channel Five, Sewell travelled by car and confined his attention solely to Italy stopping in Rome, Florence, Naples, Pompeii, Turin, Milan, Cremona, Siena, Bologna, Vicenza, Paestum, Urbino, Tivoli and concluding at a Venetian masked ball. Material relating to this can be found in the
925:
in the 18th century courted noble ladies and recorded his progress with his relationships, mentioning that Madame
Micheli "Talked of religion, philosophy... Kissed hand often." The promiscuity of Boswell's encounters with Italian elite are shared in his diary and provide further detail on events that
918:
Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century
Italian women, with their unfamiliar methods and routines, were opposites to the western dress expected of European women in the eighteenth and nineteenth century; their "foreign" ways led to the documentation of encounters with them, providing published accounts of
296:
remarked that "According to the law of custom, and perhaps of reason, foreign travel completes the education of an
English gentleman." Consciously adapted for intellectual self-improvement, Gibbon was "revisiting the Continent on a larger and more liberal plan"; most Grand Tourists did not pause more
914:
Although Italy was written as the "sink of iniquity", many travelers were not kept from recording the activities they participated in or the people they met, especially the women they encountered. To the Grand
Tourists, Italy was an unconventional country, for "The shameless women of Venice made it
419:
The "perhaps" in Gibbon's opening remark cast an ironic shadow over his resounding statement. Critics of the Grand Tour derided its lack of adventure. "The tour of Europe is a paltry thing", said one 18th century critic, "a tame, uniform, unvaried prospect". The Grand Tour was said to reinforce the
308:
The typical 18th-century stance was that of the studious observer travelling through foreign lands reporting his findings on human nature for those unfortunates who stayed at home. Recounting one's observations to society at large to increase its welfare was considered an obligation; the Grand Tour
539:
British travellers were far from alone on the roads of Europe. On the contrary, from the mid-16th century, the grand tour was established as an ideal way to finish off the education of young men in countries such as
Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. In spite of this the
324:
were essential. Catholic Grand
Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs. Since the 17th century, a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques, though the trappings of the Grand Tour—valets and coachmen,
543:
Recent scholarship on the
Swedish aristocracy has demonstrated that Swedish aristocrats, though being relatively poorer than their British peers, from around 1620 and onwards in many ways acted as their British counterparts. After studies at one or two renowned universities, preferably those of
926:
occurred during the Grand Tour. Boswell notes "Yesterday morning with her. Pulled up petticoat and showed whole knees... Touched with her goodness. All other liberties exquisite." He describes his time with the
Italian women he encounters and shares a part of history in his written accounts.
435:
Also worth noticing is that the Grand Tour not only fostered stereotypes of the countries visited but also led to a dynamic of contrast between northern and southern Europe. By constantly depicting Italy as a "picturesque place", the travellers also unconsciously degraded Italy as a place of
962:
to his mother with the accounts of his travels have also been published from the early 19th century. Byron spoke of his first enduring
Venetian love, his landlord's wife, mentioning that he has "fallen in love with a very pretty Venetian of two and twenty — with great black eyes — she is
505:
After the advent of steam-powered transportation around 1825, the Grand Tour custom continued, but it was of a qualitative difference — cheaper to undertake, safer, easier, open to anyone. During much of the 19th century, most educated young men of privilege undertook the Grand Tour.
359:, and galleries built for that purpose. The trappings of the Grand Tour, especially portraits of the traveller painted in continental settings, became the obligatory emblems of worldliness, gravitas and influence. Artists who particularly thrived on the Grand Tour market included
344:, did much to popularise such trips, and following the artists themselves, the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage. For gentlemen, some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour.
665:. The appeal of Paris lay in the sophisticated language and manners of French high society, including courtly behavior and fashion. This served to polish the young man's manners in preparation for a leadership position at home, often in government or
119:
adopted the Grand Tour for both sexes and among those of more advanced years as a means of gaining both exposure and association with the sophistication of Europe. Even those of lesser means sought to mimic the pilgrimage, as satirized in
1783:
George Gordon Byron and Leslie A. Marchand, Byron's Letters and Journals: The Complete and Unexpurgated Text of All Letters Available in Manuscript and the Full Printed Version of All Others (Newark: University of Delaware Press,
915:
unusual, in its own way." Sir James Hall confided in his written diary to comment on seeing "more handsome women this day than I ever saw in my life", also noting "how flattering Venetian dress — or perhaps the lack of it".
568:
The itinerary of the Grand Tour was not set in stone, but was subject to innumerable variations, depending on an individual's interests and finances, though Paris and Rome were popular destinations for most English tourists.
26:
99:
as well, although it was restricted to the higher nobility. The tradition declined in Europe as enthusiasm for classical culture waned, and with the advent of accessible rail and steamship travel—an era in which
1325:
Grand Tour : adeliges Reisen und europäische Kultur vom 14. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert : Akten der internationalen Kolloquien in der Villa Vigoni 1999 und im Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris
1437:
863:
Published accounts of the Grand Tour provided illuminating detail and an often polished first-hand perspective of the experience. Examining some accounts offered by authors in their own lifetimes,
544:
Leiden and Heidelberg, the Swedish grand tourists set off to France and Italy, where they spent time in Paris, Rome and Venice and completed the original grand tour on the French countryside. King
76:(about 21 years old). The custom—which flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s and was associated with a standard itinerary—served as an educational
245:, which was published posthumously in Paris in 1670 and then in London. Lassels's introduction listed four areas in which travel furnished "an accomplished, consummate Traveller": the
649:
Upon hiring a French-speaking guide, as French was the dominant language of the elite in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, the tourist and his entourage would travel to
158:
436:
backwardness. This unconscious degradation is best reflected in the famous verses of Lamartine in which Italy is depicted as a "land of the past... where everything sleeps."
2183:
by a daughter of Japhet, London : Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, 1858. A description of an Oriental Grand Tour at the Internet Archive Digital Library.
3027:
1508:, 1618–1765, consists of 2038 autograph signatures of English and Scottish visitors, some of them scholars, to be sure. (J. Isaacs, "The Earl of Rochester's Grand Tour"
269:
1076:
1232:
E. Chaney, "Gibbon, Beckford and the Interpretation of Dreams, Waking Thoughts and Incidents", The Beckford Society Annual Lectures (London, 2004), pp. 25–50.
1445:
3320:
3174:
2168:
2069:
2055:
3277:
3245:
3077:
439:
1590:
3240:
556:
1305:
Nelson Moe, "Italy as Europe's South", in The View from Vesuvius, Italian Culture and the Southern Question, University of California Press, 2002
764:
and the masterpieces of painting, sculpture, and architecture of Rome's Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Some travellers also visited
3022:
639:
3067:
1888:
1837:
999:
in 1867. Not only was it the best-selling of Twain's works during his lifetime, it became one of the best-selling travel books of all time.
974:' journals and sketches of his 1818–20 tour to Europe and the Near East have been published online. The letters written by sisters Mary and
2134:
Ilaria Bignamini and Clare Hornsby, "Digging and Dealing in Eighteenth Century Rome" (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2010).
696:), which required dismantling the carriage and larger luggage. If wealthy enough, he might be carried over the hard terrain by servants.
199:
46:
2761:
2087:
2208:
2033:
2005:
1988:
1974:
1912:
1604:
1413:
449:
277:
3099:
692:
developed later, in the 19th century.) From there the traveller would endure a difficult crossing over the Alps (such as at the
3282:
3062:
892:
341:
273:
3037:
2661:
2566:
1380:
1333:
1072:
174:
978:
of Canton, Ohio in 1869 while on a six-month tour offer insight into the Grand Tour tradition from an American perspective.
153:
1741:
Brown, Iain Gordon (2006). "Water, Windows, and Women: The Significance of Venice for Scots in the Age of the Grand Tour".
3123:
3047:
1563:
202:, with his wife and children in 1613–14 that established the most significant precedent. This is partly because he asked
3220:
3194:
444:
238:
38:
883:
was a published account of his letters back home in 1780–1781, embellished with stream-of-consciousness associations),
3215:
715:, where there was a considerable Anglo-Italian society accessible to travelling Englishmen "of quality" and where the
20:
305:
wrote a vivid account of his Grand Tour that made Gibbon's unadventurous Italian tour look distinctly conventional.
3272:
3087:
3042:
2430:
1357:
1028:
457:
388:
206:, not yet established as an architect but already known as a 'great traveller' and masque designer, to act as his
3356:
3351:
3341:
2472:
2225:
572:
The most common itinerary of the Grand Tour shifted across generations, but the British tourist usually began in
409:
219:
3346:
3169:
3017:
2994:
2989:
1168:
884:
864:
832:
515:
468:, which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentleman's guide to ancient history were also popular.
1610:
1219:
92:
Northern European nations, and, from the second half of the 18th century, by some South and North Americans.
3255:
3225:
2012:
The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion: Richard Lassels and 'The Voyage of Italy' in the seventeenth century
876:
750:
302:
50:
3260:
3092:
3032:
2801:
2300:
681:
380:
194:, was an early influence on the Grand Tour but it was the far more extensive tour through Italy as far as
191:
170:
564:, c. 1769. This oil on canvas painting shows a gentleman facing right with Florence and the Duomo beyond.
3230:
3128:
2425:
2201:
2098:
1531:
1171:
reported that the book was "esteemed the best and surest Guide or Tutor for young men of his Time." see
908:
836:
717:
693:
235:
855:
186:
1937:
3250:
3138:
3104:
2756:
2603:
2586:
2258:
1550:
896:
545:
3310:
3133:
3052:
2831:
2551:
2539:
2378:
2332:
2248:
2131:
Clare Hornsby (ed.) "The Impact of Italy: The Grand Tour and Beyond", British School at Rome, 2000.
1139:
989:
undertook a decidedly modest yet greatly aspiring "grand tour" of Europe, the Middle East, and the
975:
769:
605:
337:
326:
214:
134:
95:
By the mid-18th century, the Grand Tour had become a regular feature of aristocratic education in
3179:
2984:
2876:
2821:
2420:
2233:
2077:
1758:
1351:
1119:
1023:
982:
867:
detects the element of literary artifice in these and cautions that they should be approached as
532:
523:
959:
1641:
A Comparative View of the French and English Nations in their Manners, Politics, and Literature
847:(with more gallery-going and art appreciation) before returning across the Channel to England.
394:
3153:
3009:
2971:
2936:
2861:
2693:
2621:
2611:
2487:
2482:
2467:
2398:
2349:
2315:
2083:
2065:
2051:
2029:
2001:
1984:
1970:
1884:
1833:
1661:
1600:
1419:
1409:
1386:
1376:
1339:
1329:
1019:
929:
904:
868:
620:), or he could opt to make the trip by riverboat as far as the Alps, either travelling up the
348:
195:
109:
2158:
1865:
Norcott-Mahany, Bernard (14 November 2012) "Classic Review: Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain."
3300:
2921:
2866:
2846:
2576:
2571:
2462:
2408:
2403:
2361:
2344:
2310:
2295:
2283:
2278:
2238:
2194:
2107:
1750:
1487:
1057:
995:
947:
888:
726:
613:
609:
461:
384:
126:
81:
2140:, eds. D. Marshall, K. Wolfe and S. Russell, British School at Rome, 2011, pp. 147–70.
1007:
161:, would become familiar with Antiquities, though this altar is an invention of the painter
3235:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2881:
2806:
2631:
2519:
2514:
2452:
2442:
2388:
2383:
2320:
2268:
2172:
2102:
1711:
A View of Society and Manners in Italy; with Anecdotes relating to some Eminent Characters
1373:
De groote tour : tekening van de educatiereis der Nederlanders in de zeventiende eeuw
1089:
971:
964:
900:
808:
730:
581:
285:
246:
224:
77:
2179:
1793:
Jeremy Black, Italy and the Grand Tour (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 118-120.
421:
169:
Rome for many centuries had already been the destination of pilgrims, especially during
3267:
3184:
2961:
2951:
2946:
2871:
2718:
2698:
2616:
2546:
2497:
2437:
2393:
2253:
2026:
The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance
1107:
872:
781:
768:
to study music, and (after the mid-18th century) to appreciate the recently discovered
700:
689:
499:
491:
399:
352:
96:
1478:
Towner, John (January 1985). "The grand tour: A key phase in the history of tourism".
941:'s grand tour, a five-month 20,000 mile excursion of Europe, the Middle East, and the
257:(by the opportunity of drawing moral instruction from all the traveller saw), and the
3335:
3072:
2931:
2906:
2856:
2766:
2713:
2676:
2556:
2534:
2529:
2509:
2492:
2371:
2327:
2273:
1762:
1491:
1172:
1149:
1095:
1084:
922:
662:
643:
527:
469:
364:
360:
356:
293:
181:
162:
116:
89:
85:
60:
was the principally 17th- to early 19th-century custom of a traditional trip through
2886:
2811:
2776:
2751:
2708:
2636:
2593:
2561:
2524:
2457:
2447:
2339:
2305:
1993:
1894:
1766:
1134:
1129:
1064:
1049:
761:
604:. From there the tourist, usually accompanied by a tutor (known colloquially as a "
561:
2175: (archived July 23, 2018), English course taught at the University of Michigan
1015:("Fifty days in Italy"), 1878, one of the many reports of the Grand Tour in Italy.
292:
As a young man at the outset of his account of a repeat Grand Tour, the historian
223:, the first recorded use of the term (perhaps its introduction to English) was by
133:
The primary value of the Grand Tour lay in its exposure to the cultural legacy of
1545:
1526:
3199:
3189:
2941:
2728:
2646:
2641:
2626:
2477:
2354:
2243:
1803:
1067:
followed in the footsteps of the Grand Tourists for a 10-part television series
773:
673:
635:
511:
483:
465:
413:
298:
203:
138:
101:
73:
65:
42:
2138:
Roma Britannica: Art Patronage and Cultural Exchange in Eighteenth-Century Rome
334:
An Account of Some of the Statues, Bas-Reliefs, Drawings, and Pictures in Italy
3148:
3114:
2999:
2979:
2851:
2841:
2735:
2723:
2502:
2415:
2366:
2288:
2263:
1754:
1423:
1144:
1082:
In 2009, the Grand Tour featured prominently in a BBC/PBS miniseries based on
1045:
986:
955:
938:
398:
Northerners found the contrast between Roman ruins and modern peasants of the
313:
264:
232:
121:
113:
2028:(Frank Cass, London and Portland OR, 1998; revised edition, Routledge 2000).
1251:
464:; their price would rise if it were known that the Tourists were interested.
2896:
2826:
2796:
2781:
2771:
2163:
1390:
1343:
1103:
990:
942:
934:
812:
666:
429:
376:
372:
68:
young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a
2062:
The Legacy of the Grand Tour: New Essays on Travel, Literature, and Culture
1881:
Mark Twain, Travel Books, and Tourism: The Tide of a Great Popular Movement
1223:, 2nd ed. (2000) and idem, Inigo Jones's "Roman Sketchbook", 2 vols (2006).
784:. Later in the period, the more adventurous, especially if provided with a
1092:. Set mainly in Venice, it portrayed the Grand Tour as a rite of passage.
3057:
2956:
2836:
2816:
2656:
2651:
1328:. Babel, Rainer, 1955-, Paravicini, Werner. Ostfildern: Thorbecke. 2005.
1124:
844:
712:
685:
597:
519:
368:
258:
207:
142:
69:
2164:
In Our Time: The Grand Tour: Jeremy Black, Edward Chaney and Chloe Chard
792:
to see its archeological sites, volcanoes and its baroque architecture,
608:") and (if wealthy enough) a troop of servants, could rent or acquire a
2791:
2217:
840:
828:
820:
801:
777:
742:
658:
654:
589:
577:
507:
487:
478:
posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities. Many continued on to
404:
250:
105:
1770:
460:
were also dealers and were able to sell and advise on the purchase of
2901:
2891:
2703:
2666:
2581:
1546:
Venice Transfigured: The Myth of Venice in British Culture, 1660–1797
1053:
824:
816:
797:
789:
765:
753:
allure" made it an epitome and cultural set piece of the Grand Tour.
746:
722:
677:
601:
593:
585:
495:
479:
474:
420:
old preconceptions and prejudices about national characteristics, as
317:
281:
254:
61:
2145:
Grand Tour of Ida Saxton McKinley and Sister Mary Saxton Barber 1869
1854:
Grand Tour of Ida Saxton McKinley and Sister Mary Saxton Barber 1869
1656:
1192:
Ostend was the starting point for William Beckford on the continent.
2111:
1687:
London, 1789. Coxe's travels range far from the Grand Tour pattern.
859:
William Beckford's 1780-1781 Grand Tour through Europe shown in red
3143:
3082:
2688:
2671:
1596:
1006:
928:
854:
793:
785:
738:
708:
704:
650:
634:
629:
625:
621:
573:
555:
438:
393:
263:
152:
25:
1898:
1677:
Sketches of the Natural, Political and Civil State of Switzerland
1979:
James Buzard (2002), "The Grand Tour and after (1660–1840)", in
1176:
757:
734:
617:
321:
2190:
1052:. Ostensibly an art history series, the journey takes her from
807:
Returning northward, the tourist might recross the Alps to the
284:
is in the distance where they stayed for two years. Painted by
2683:
1564:"The captured cargo that unpacks the spirit of the grand tour"
514:
came to be included in a more broadly defined circuit. Later,
1438:"Gustav III and the Museum of Antiquities - Kungliga slotten"
967:, who wrote lengthy letters of their Grand Tour experiences.
2095:
1406:
Den statskloka resan : adelns peregrinationer 1610–1680
363:, who was first patronised by John Evelyn as early as 1645,
2074:
Sánchez-Jáuregui-Alpañés, Maria Dolores, and Scott Wilcox.
1913:"Little Dorrit and The Grand Tour: PBS Masterpiece Classic"
2186:
2048:
The Jacobean Grand Tour: Early Stuart Travellers in Europe
1938:"Matthew Cracknell - Kevin Mccloud's Grand Tour of Europe"
1465:
See Fussell (1987), Buzard (2002), Bohls and Duncan (2005)
108:
a byword starting in the 1870s. However, with the rise of
653:. There the traveller might undertake lessons in French,
1996:(1987), "The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour", in
831:, with perhaps a period of study at the universities in
88:, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of other
2126:
Grand Tour: The Lure of Italy in the Eighteenth-Century
871:
rather than unvarnished accounts. He lists as examples
749:. The British idea of Venice as the "locus of decadent
526:, was part of the upper-class women's education, as in
213:
Larger numbers of tourists began their tours after the
2064:(Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, London, 2015).
2017:
Edward Chaney (2004), "Richard Lassels": entry in the
1681:
Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark London
1375:. Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche Uitgeversmaatschappij.
2458:
MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions)
1830:
Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph
2043:(Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2003).
3208:
3162:
3113:
3008:
2970:
2744:
2602:
2224:
993:, which he chronicled in his highly popular satire
642:(1640–1702), painted in classical dress in Rome by
616:'s travels – or disassembled and packed across the
312:In essence, the Grand Tour was neither a scholarly
112:in the United States in the 19th century, American
3083:World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers
3028:American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute
387:. The less well-off could return with an album of
316:nor a religious one, though a pleasurable stay in
2096:A Catalogue Raisonné of Francis Towne (1739–1816)
1724:A Year's Journey through France and Part of Spain
780:, and perhaps (for the adventurous) an ascent of
301:era he played a significant part in introducing,
64:, with Italy as a key destination, undertaken by
1040:In 1998, the BBC produced an art history series
725:brought together in one space the monuments of
672:From Paris he would typically sojourn in urban
560:‘Portrait of a Gentleman on the Grand Tour’ by
332:The advent of popular guides, such as the book
1698:A Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople
1275:E. Chaney, The Evolution of English Collecting
1060:with stop-offs to see the great masterpieces.
329:" or scholarly guide—were beyond their reach.
80:. Though it was primarily associated with the
2202:
1077:Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art
516:it became fashionable for young women as well
297:than briefly in libraries. On the eve of the
8:
2082:New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012.
1967:Travel Writing 1700–1830 : An Anthology
1965:Elizabeth Bohls and Ian Duncan, ed. (2005).
1736:
1734:
1732:
1106:in 2009 with McCloud retracing the tours of
16:Journey around Europe for cultural education
1408:. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
612:(which could be resold in any city – as in
3175:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism
2209:
2195:
2187:
2128:, Tate Gallery exhibition catalogue, 1997.
1506:Registro dei viaggiatori inglesi in Italia
3278:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
3078:Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report
1981:The Cambridge Companion to Travel Writing
1314:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Italy Journey
895:, tutor to successive dukes of Hamilton,
804:further south – was the usual terminus.
2019:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1623:Black, "Fragments from the Grand Tour"
1210:
1161:
272:, on his Grand Tour with his physician
3023:American Hotel and Lodging Association
2076:The English Prize: The Capture of the
1657:Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents
1473:
1471:
1349:
1181:The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion
881:Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents
640:Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland
472:made a career of painting the English
49:and Thomas Wynne on the Grand Tour by
3068:South-East Asian Tourism Organisation
2159:Grand Tour online at the Getty Museum
839:. From there, travellers could visit
104:made the "Cook's Tour" of early mass
7:
3306:
2106:(London: Paul Mellon Centre, 2016),
1371:Anna., Frank-van Westrienen (1983).
1292:
1290:
711:), then might spend a few months in
3316:
2124:Andrew Witon and Ilaria Bignamini,
2041:The Evolution of English Collecting
1883:. The University of Alabama Press.
2762:Destination marketing organization
1832:. London: Imperial College Press.
1808:Sir Francis Ronalds and his Family
756:From Venice the traveller went to
145:, a knowledgeable guide or tutor.
14:
3246:Convention and exhibition centers
2046:Edward Chaney and Timothy Wilks,
1804:"Sir Francis Ronalds' Grand Tour"
402:an educational lesson in vanity (
173:when European clergy visited the
3315:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3241:Cities by international visitors
3100:World Travel and Tourism Council
1625:The Huntington Library Quarterly
548:made his Grand Tour in 1783–84.
72:or family member) when they had
3283:World Heritage Sites by country
3063:Pacific Asia Travel Association
2080:, An Episode of the Grand Tour.
1630:.4 (Autumn 1990:337–341) p 338.
1284:Noted by Redford 1996, Preface.
1220:The Evolution of the Grand Tour
1063:In 2005, British art historian
737:, the tourist would move on to
342:Jonathan Richardson the Younger
200:the 'Collector' Earl of Arundel
3038:Caribbean Tourism Organization
2662:Hospitality management studies
2567:Visiting friends and relatives
1867:The Kansas City Public Library
800:itself. But Naples – or later
175:Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome
1:
3124:Akwaaba African Travel Market
3048:Historical Archive on Tourism
2180:Wanderings in the Land of Ham
2121:(Yale University Press) 1991.
2050:(I.B. Tauris, London, 2014).
1879:Melton, Jeffrey Alan (2009).
1510:The Review of English Studies
325:perhaps a cook, certainly a "
270:Douglas, 8th Duke of Hamilton
228:
190:(1611), published during the
31:
3195:Tourism improvement district
1492:10.1016/0160-7383(85)90002-7
1241:Paul Fussell (1987), p. 129.
933:A plate of the ruins of the
490:, but few ventured far into
445:Goethe in the Roman Campagna
320:and a cautious residence in
309:flourished in this mindset.
2014:(CIRVI, Geneva-Turin, 1985.
1969:. Oxford University Press.
21:Grand Tour (disambiguation)
3373:
3088:World Tourism Organization
3043:European Travel Commission
2060:Lisa Colletta ed. (2015),
2039:Edward Chaney ed. (2003),
1592:Malta & The Grand Tour
1480:Annals of Tourism Research
1100:Kevin McCloud's Grand Tour
981:Immediately following the
811:parts of Europe, visiting
703:, the tourist would visit
518:; a trip to Italy, with a
456:In Rome, antiquaries like
217:in 1648. According to the
18:
3291:
1998:The Norton Book of Travel
1869:(Retrieved 27 April 2014)
1755:10.1215/00982601-2006-001
1527:Venice and the Grand Tour
1296:Bohls & Duncan (2005)
1069:Brian Sewell's Grand Tour
1042:Sister Wendy's Grand Tour
1013:Cinquante jours en Italie
985:U.S. author and humorist
482:, where they also viewed
410:Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem
347:The Grand Tour offered a
220:Oxford English Dictionary
3170:Heritage commodification
3018:American Bus Association
1589:Freller, Thomas (2009).
432:of the 1760s and 1770s.
157:The Grand Tourist, like
1743:Eighteenth-Century Life
877:William Thomas Beckford
733:. After a side trip to
51:Nathaniel Dance-Holland
3093:World Tourism rankings
3033:BEST Education Network
2147:, (Canton, Ohio) 1985.
2010:Edward Chaney (1985),
1828:Ronalds, B.F. (2016).
1685:Travels in Switzerland
1442:www.kungligaslotten.se
1356:: CS1 maint: others (
1016:
952:
860:
682:Protestant Reformation
646:
565:
453:
416:
289:
166:
124:'s enormously popular
53:
3129:Arabian Travel Market
2143:Henry S. Belden III,
1532:Yale University Press
1404:Winberg, Ola (2018).
1175:, "Richard Lassels",
1044:presented by British
1010:
932:
858:
694:Great St Bernard Pass
638:
559:
494:, and fewer still to
442:
397:
336:published in 1722 by
276:and the latter's son
267:
156:
29:
3139:Festival del Viaggio
3105:World Travel Monitor
2757:Convention (meeting)
2604:Hospitality industry
1856:(Canton, Ohio) 1985.
1073:Brian Sewell Archive
897:Samuel Jackson Pratt
770:archaeological sites
624:to Paris, or up the
546:Gustav III of Sweden
19:For other uses, see
3216:Adjectival tourisms
3134:Cruise of the Kings
3053:Life Beyond Tourism
2832:Roadside attraction
2093:Stephens, Richard.
1917:Jane Austen's World
1140:Overseas experience
680:(the cradle of the
498:, then still under
338:Jonathan Richardson
243:The Voyage of Italy
192:Twelve Years' Truce
135:classical antiquity
3273:Passenger airlines
3180:Impacts of tourism
3010:Trade associations
2985:Outdoor literature
2877:Tourist attraction
2822:Perpetual traveler
2101:2016-06-16 at the
1120:Camino de Santiago
1029:Gone With The Wind
1024:American Civil War
1017:
983:American Civil War
953:
861:
851:Published accounts
647:
580:, and crossed the
566:
533:A Room with a View
454:
426:Compleat Gentleman
417:
290:
187:Coryat's Crudities
167:
54:
3329:
3328:
3154:World Tourism Day
2972:Travel literature
2937:Travel technology
2862:Tourism geography
2622:Convention center
2612:Bed and breakfast
2473:Recreational drug
2117:Geoffrey Trease,
2070:978 1 61147 797 9
2056:978 1 78076 783 3
1942:Matthew Cracknell
1895:Project MUSE
1890:978-0-8173-1350-0
1839:978-1-78326-917-4
1767:Project MUSE
1662:Project Gutenberg
1020:Margaret Mitchell
1011:Georges Bastard,
945:satirized in his
905:Philip Thicknesse
869:travel literature
688:. ("Alpinism" or
552:Typical itinerary
349:liberal education
110:industrialization
3364:
3357:Rites of passage
3352:Cultural tourism
3342:Types of tourism
3319:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3299:
3298:
2995:Travel magazines
2990:Tourism journals
2922:Travel insurance
2867:Tourism minister
2847:Tour bus service
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1738:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1609:. Archived from
1599:: Midsea Books.
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1554:
1541:
1535:
1524:Redford, Bruce.
1522:
1516:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1475:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1444:. Archived from
1434:
1428:
1427:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1347:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1166:
1058:Saint Petersburg
996:Innocents Abroad
948:Innocents Abroad
919:the Grand Tour.
889:Elizabeth Craven
875:, John Andrews,
788:, might attempt
727:High Renaissance
614:Giacomo Casanova
466:Coins and medals
450:Johann Tischbein
303:William Beckford
230:
215:Peace of Münster
127:Innocents Abroad
82:British nobility
36:
33:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3347:Types of travel
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3287:
3204:
3158:
3109:
3004:
2966:
2927:Travel medicine
2917:Travel document
2912:Travel behavior
2882:Tourist gateway
2807:Journey planner
2740:
2632:Destination spa
2598:
2269:Bicycle touring
2220:
2215:
2173:Wayback Machine
2155:
2150:
2103:Wayback Machine
2024:Edward Chaney,
1961:
1956:
1955:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1726:, London, 1777.
1721:
1717:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1691:
1674:
1670:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1643:, London, 1785.
1638:
1634:
1622:
1618:
1607:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1542:
1538:
1523:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1348:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1258:. Newadvent.org
1250:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1116:
1090:Charles Dickens
1038:
1036:Popular culture
1005:
972:Francis Ronalds
965:Richard Pococke
901:Tobias Smollett
853:
809:German-speaking
731:Roman sculpture
707:(and sometimes
582:English Channel
554:
408:). Painting by
286:Jean Preudhomme
231:1603–1668), an
225:Richard Lassels
184:'s travel book
151:
78:rite of passage
47:Thomas Robinson
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:Leakage effect
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2962:Visitor center
2959:
2954:
2952:Travel website
2949:
2947:Travel warning
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:Tourism region
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2701:
2699:Referral chain
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:Boutique hotel
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2308:
2303:
2301:Archaeological
2293:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2169:The Grand Tour
2166:
2161:
2154:
2153:External links
2151:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2122:
2119:The Grand Tour
2115:
2112:10.17658/towne
2091:
2088:978-0300176056
2072:
2058:
2044:
2037:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1991:
1977:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1929:
1904:
1899:book 6659
1889:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1838:
1820:
1795:
1786:
1776:
1728:
1715:
1702:
1689:
1679:London, 1779;
1668:
1666:
1665:
1645:
1632:
1616:
1613:on 2016-11-08.
1605:
1581:
1555:
1536:
1517:
1497:
1486:(3): 297–333.
1467:
1458:
1429:
1414:
1396:
1381:
1363:
1334:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1183:(Geneva, 1985)
1160:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1037:
1034:
1026:-based novel,
1004:
1001:
873:Joseph Addison
852:
849:
782:Mount Vesuvius
729:paintings and
723:Uffizi gallery
690:mountaineering
553:
550:
492:Southern Italy
458:Thomas Jenkins
400:Roman Campagna
274:Dr. John Moore
241:, in his book
236:Roman Catholic
198:undertaken by
159:Francis Basset
150:
147:
97:Central Europe
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3369:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3322:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:Casino hotels
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Tourism Radio
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Travel survey
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:Travel agency
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Tour operator
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Hypermobility
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:Escorted tour
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:International
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:0-7146-4474-9
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:0-393-02481-4
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:0-521-78140-X
1986:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1975:0-19-284051-7
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1606:9789993272489
1602:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1543:Eglin, John.
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1448:on 2019-06-03
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1415:9789151302898
1411:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:Edward Chaney
1170:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1150:Grand touring
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:Kevin McCloud
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1085:Little Dorrit
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1003:In literature
1002:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
970:Inventor Sir
968:
966:
961:
957:
950:
949:
944:
940:
936:
931:
927:
924:
923:James Boswell
920:
916:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
857:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:ancient ruins
760:to study the
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
645:
644:Carlo Maratti
641:
637:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
563:
558:
551:
549:
547:
541:
537:
535:
534:
529:
528:E. M. Forster
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:Pompeo Batoni
467:
463:
459:
451:
447:
446:
441:
437:
433:
431:
427:
423:
422:Jean Gailhard
415:
411:
407:
406:
401:
396:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:Pompeo Batoni
362:
361:Carlo Maratti
358:
357:drawing rooms
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
323:
319:
315:
310:
306:
304:
300:
295:
294:Edward Gibbon
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:
234:
226:
222:
221:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
183:
182:Thomas Coryat
178:
176:
172:
164:
163:Pompeo Batoni
160:
155:
148:
146:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
128:
123:
118:
117:nouveau riche
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
93:
91:
87:
86:landed gentry
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
52:
48:
44:
40:
28:
22:
3251:Cruise lines
3226:Bibliography
2887:Tourist trap
2812:Package tour
2786:
2777:Factory tour
2752:College tour
2431:Volunteering
2379:Experiential
2178:
2144:
2137:
2125:
2118:
2094:
2075:
2061:
2047:
2040:
2025:
2018:
2011:
1997:
1994:Paul Fussell
1980:
1966:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1921:. Retrieved
1919:. 2009-04-12
1916:
1907:
1880:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1829:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1807:
1798:
1789:
1779:
1746:
1742:
1723:
1722:Thicknesse,
1718:
1713:London, 1781
1710:
1705:
1700:London 1789.
1697:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1611:the original
1591:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1570:. 4 May 2012
1568:The guardian
1567:
1558:
1544:
1539:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1483:
1479:
1461:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:the original
1441:
1432:
1405:
1399:
1372:
1366:
1324:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1280:
1271:
1260:. Retrieved
1253:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1218:
1213:
1188:
1180:
1179:, and idem,
1169:Anthony Wood
1164:
1135:Walking tour
1130:Hippie trail
1110:architects.
1099:
1094:
1083:
1081:
1075:held by the
1068:
1065:Brian Sewell
1062:
1050:Sister Wendy
1041:
1039:
1027:
1018:
1012:
994:
980:
969:
954:
946:
921:
917:
913:
909:Arthur Young
885:William Coxe
880:
865:Jeremy Black
862:
806:
755:
716:
698:
671:
648:
571:
567:
562:Thomas Patch
542:
538:
531:
504:
500:Turkish rule
473:
455:
443:
434:
425:
418:
403:
346:
340:and his son
333:
331:
311:
307:
291:
280:. A view of
268:Portrait of
247:intellectual
242:
218:
212:
185:
180:In Britain,
179:
168:
132:
125:
94:
84:and wealthy
57:
55:
37:painting of
3321:WikiProject
3221:Attractions
3200:Tourist tax
3190:Overtourism
3115:Trade fairs
2942:Travel visa
2745:Terminology
2647:Guest ranch
2642:Guest house
2627:Cruise ship
2552:Sustainable
2333:Pop-culture
2259:Backpacking
2249:Alternative
2244:Agritourism
2078:Westmorland
1749:(3): 1–50.
1254:Pilgrimages
1217:E. Chaney,
774:Herculaneum
676:, often in
674:Switzerland
606:bear-leader
512:Switzerland
484:Herculaneum
414:Mauritshuis
369:portraitist
355:, gardens,
327:bear-leader
204:Inigo Jones
139:Renaissance
102:Thomas Cook
74:come of age
66:upper-class
43:John Mytton
39:James Grant
35: 1760
3336:Categories
3149:ITB Berlin
3117:and events
3000:Wikivoyage
2980:Guide book
2852:Tour guide
2842:Staycation
2787:Grand Tour
2736:Restaurant
2637:Front desk
2503:Pilgrimage
2421:Industrial
2416:Geotourism
2367:Ecotourism
2289:Enotourism
2264:Beachgoing
2234:Accessible
1947:2022-06-28
1923:2022-06-28
1452:2019-06-03
1424:1038629353
1382:044486573X
1335:3799574549
1262:2012-07-20
1200:References
1145:Field trip
1098:presented
987:Mark Twain
976:Ida Saxton
956:Lord Byron
939:Mark Twain
893:John Moore
837:Heidelberg
833:Ingolstadt
751:Italianate
371:, and the
314:pilgrimage
233:expatriate
122:Mark Twain
114:Gilded Age
90:Protestant
58:Grand Tour
2897:Transport
2827:Road trip
2797:Honeymoon
2782:Gift shop
2772:Excursion
2488:Christian
2483:Religious
2468:Orphanage
2399:Genealogy
2350:Holocaust
2316:Bookstore
2239:Adventure
1763:144657874
1639:Andrews,
1551:Macmillan
1352:cite book
1156:Footnotes
1104:Channel 4
1046:Carmelite
991:Holy Land
943:Holy Land
935:Acropolis
813:Innsbruck
667:diplomacy
530:'s novel
524:chaperone
430:maccaroni
391:etchings.
377:Canaletto
373:vedutisti
259:political
210:(guide).
130:in 1869.
3301:Category
3058:Musement
2957:Vacation
2837:Souvenir
2817:Passport
2657:Homestay
2652:Heuhotel
2577:Wildlife
2572:Wellness
2463:Nautical
2409:Identity
2404:Heritage
2362:Domestic
2345:Disaster
2311:Literary
2296:Cultural
2284:Culinary
2279:Business
2099:Archived
1852:Belden,
1696:Craven,
1683:, 1784;
1574:4 August
1391:19057035
1344:60520500
1125:Gap year
1114:See also
845:Flanders
796:or even
713:Florence
699:Once in
686:Lausanne
598:Le Havre
592:, or to
522:aunt as
520:spinster
412:, 1661,
389:Piranesi
375:such as
353:cabinets
299:Romantic
288:in 1774.
208:cicerone
143:cicerone
137:and the
3311:Commons
3261:Largest
3236:Casinos
2792:Holiday
2719:Seaside
2694:Pension
2677:Manager
2562:Virtual
2520:Sensory
2515:Science
2453:Medical
2443:Justice
2389:Fashion
2384:Extreme
2321:Tolkien
2218:Tourism
2171:at the
1959:Sources
1709:Moore,
1553:: 2001.
1534:: 1996.
1108:British
960:letters
879:(whose
841:Holland
829:Potsdam
821:Dresden
802:Paestum
778:Pompeii
743:Bologna
721:of the
718:Tribuna
659:fencing
655:dancing
590:Belgium
578:England
508:Germany
488:Pompeii
475:milordi
462:marbles
405:vanitas
381:Pannini
255:ethical
171:Jubilee
165:, 1778.
149:History
106:tourism
3268:Motels
3256:Hotels
3163:Issues
2902:Travel
2892:Touron
2714:Island
2704:Resort
2667:Hostel
2582:Safari
2547:Sports
2498:Kosher
2438:Jungle
2394:Garden
2254:Atomic
2086:
2068:
2054:
2032:
2004:
1987:
1973:
1897:
1887:
1836:
1784:1994).
1771:205844
1769:
1761:
1675:Coxe,
1603:
1515:. 9 ).
1422:
1412:
1389:
1379:
1342:
1332:
1054:Madrid
951:(1867)
907:, and
825:Berlin
817:Vienna
798:Greece
790:Sicily
766:Naples
747:Venice
745:, and
678:Geneva
663:riding
661:, and
602:France
594:Calais
586:Ostend
496:Greece
480:Naples
452:, 1787
385:Guardi
318:Venice
282:Geneva
253:, the
251:social
249:, the
239:priest
196:Naples
62:Europe
3209:Lists
3144:FITUR
2709:Hotel
2689:Motel
2672:Hotel
2587:Scuba
2557:Urban
2540:Lunar
2535:Space
2530:Smart
2510:Rural
2493:Halal
2372:Shark
2328:Music
2274:Birth
2226:Types
1813:9 Apr
1759:S2CID
1597:Malta
1205:Notes
937:from
794:Malta
786:yacht
739:Padua
709:Milan
705:Turin
701:Italy
684:) or
651:Paris
630:Basel
626:Rhine
622:Seine
610:coach
574:Dover
448:, by
70:tutor
2729:Town
2594:Yoga
2525:Slum
2448:LGBT
2340:Dark
2306:Film
2084:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2052:ISBN
2030:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1815:2016
1601:ISBN
1576:2017
1504:The
1420:OCLC
1410:ISBN
1387:OCLC
1377:ISBN
1358:link
1340:OCLC
1330:ISBN
1326:2000
1177:ODNB
1048:nun
843:and
827:and
776:and
758:Rome
735:Pisa
618:Alps
510:and
486:and
383:and
367:the
322:Rome
278:John
56:The
2724:Ski
2684:Inn
2478:Red
2355:War
2108:doi
1751:doi
1660:at
1488:doi
1102:on
1088:by
1056:to
1022:'s
958:'s
835:or
772:of
628:to
600:in
596:or
588:in
584:to
424:'s
3338::
2000:,
1983:.
1940:.
1915:.
1893:.
1806:.
1765:.
1757:.
1747:30
1745:.
1731:^
1628:53
1595:.
1566:.
1549:.
1530:.
1484:12
1482:.
1470:^
1440:.
1418:.
1385:.
1354:}}
1350:{{
1338:.
1289:^
1079:.
911:.
903:,
899:,
891:,
887:,
823:,
819:,
815:,
741:,
669:.
657:,
576:,
536:.
502:.
379:,
261:.
229:c.
177:.
45:,
41:,
32:c.
30:A
2210:e
2203:t
2196:v
2114:.
2110::
2090:.
2036:.
2021:.
1950:.
1926:.
1901:.
1842:.
1817:.
1773:.
1753::
1578:.
1513:3
1494:.
1490::
1455:.
1426:.
1393:.
1360:)
1346:.
1265:.
1256:"
1252:"
632:.
227:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
