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1043:, makes reference to the Grand Tour. Stuart Tartleton, in a conversation with his twin brother, Brent, suspects that their mother is not likely to provide them with a Grand Tour, since they have been expelled from college again. Brent is not concerned, remarking, "What is there to see in Europe? I'll bet those foreigners can't show us a thing we haven't got right here in Georgia". Ashley Wilkes, on the other hand, enjoyed the scenery and music he encountered on his Grand Tour and was always talking about it.
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362:, and the opportunity to acquire things otherwise unavailable, lending an air of accomplishment and prestige to the traveller. Grand Tourists would return with crates full of books, works of art, scientific instruments, and cultural artefacts – from snuff boxes and paperweights to altars, fountains, and statuary – to be displayed in libraries,
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married — and so am I — we have found & sworn an eternal attachment ... & I am more in love than ever... and I verily believe we are one of the happiest unlawful couples on this side of the Alps." Many tourists enjoyed sexual relations while abroad but to a great extent were well behaved, such as Thomas Pelham, and scholars, such as
439:(1678) observes: "French courteous. Spanish lordly. Italian amorous. German clownish." The deep suspicion with which Tour was viewed at home in England, where it was feared that the very experiences that completed the British gentleman might well undo him, were epitomised in the sarcastic nativist view of the ostentatiously "well-travelled"
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bulk of research conducted on the Grand Tour has been on
British travellers. Dutch scholar Frank-van Westrienen Anna has made note of this historiographic focus, claiming that the scholarly understanding of the Grand Tour would have been more complex if more comparative studies had been carried out on continental travellers.
152:, and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent. It also provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art, and possibly the only chance to hear certain music. A Grand Tour could last anywhere from several months to several years. It was commonly undertaken in the company of a
1082:. Produced by UK's Channel Five, Sewell travelled by car and confined his attention solely to Italy stopping in Rome, Florence, Naples, Pompeii, Turin, Milan, Cremona, Siena, Bologna, Vicenza, Paestum, Urbino, Tivoli and concluding at a Venetian masked ball. Material relating to this can be found in the
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in the 18th century courted noble ladies and recorded his progress with his relationships, mentioning that Madame
Micheli "Talked of religion, philosophy... Kissed hand often." The promiscuity of Boswell's encounters with Italian elite are shared in his diary and provide further detail on events that
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Eighteenth- and nineteenth-century
Italian women, with their unfamiliar methods and routines, were opposites to the western dress expected of European women in the eighteenth and nineteenth century; their "foreign" ways led to the documentation of encounters with them, providing published accounts of
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remarked that "According to the law of custom, and perhaps of reason, foreign travel completes the education of an
English gentleman." Consciously adapted for intellectual self-improvement, Gibbon was "revisiting the Continent on a larger and more liberal plan"; most Grand Tourists did not pause more
925:
Although Italy was written as the "sink of iniquity", many travelers were not kept from recording the activities they participated in or the people they met, especially the women they encountered. To the Grand
Tourists, Italy was an unconventional country, for "The shameless women of Venice made it
430:
The "perhaps" in Gibbon's opening remark cast an ironic shadow over his resounding statement. Critics of the Grand Tour derided its lack of adventure. "The tour of Europe is a paltry thing", said one 18th century critic, "a tame, uniform, unvaried prospect". The Grand Tour was said to reinforce the
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The typical 18th-century stance was that of the studious observer travelling through foreign lands reporting his findings on human nature for those unfortunates who stayed at home. Recounting one's observations to society at large to increase its welfare was considered an obligation; the Grand Tour
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British travellers were far from alone on the roads of Europe. On the contrary, from the mid-16th century, the grand tour was established as an ideal way to finish off the education of young men in countries such as
Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden. In spite of this the
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were essential. Catholic Grand
Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs. Since the 17th century, a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques, though the trappings of the Grand Tour—valets and coachmen,
554:
Recent scholarship on the
Swedish aristocracy has demonstrated that Swedish aristocrats, though being relatively poorer than their British peers, from around 1620 and onwards in many ways acted as their British counterparts. After studies at one or two renowned universities, preferably those of
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occurred during the Grand Tour. Boswell notes "Yesterday morning with her. Pulled up petticoat and showed whole knees... Touched with her goodness. All other liberties exquisite." He describes his time with the
Italian women he encounters and shares a part of history in his written accounts.
446:
Also worth noticing is that the Grand Tour not only fostered stereotypes of the countries visited but also led to a dynamic of contrast between northern and southern Europe. By constantly depicting Italy as a "picturesque place", the travellers also unconsciously degraded Italy as a place of
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to his mother with the accounts of his travels have also been published from the early 19th century. Byron spoke of his first enduring
Venetian love, his landlord's wife, mentioning that he has "fallen in love with a very pretty Venetian of two and twenty — with great black eyes — she is
516:
After the advent of steam-powered transportation around 1825, the Grand Tour custom continued, but it was of a qualitative difference — cheaper to undertake, safer, easier, open to anyone. During much of the 19th century, most educated young men of privilege undertook the Grand Tour.
370:, and galleries built for that purpose. The trappings of the Grand Tour, especially portraits of the traveller painted in continental settings, became the obligatory emblems of worldliness, gravitas and influence. Artists who particularly thrived on the Grand Tour market included
355:, did much to popularise such trips, and following the artists themselves, the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage. For gentlemen, some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour.
676:. The appeal of Paris lay in the sophisticated language and manners of French high society, including courtly behavior and fashion. This served to polish the young man's manners in preparation for a leadership position at home, often in government or
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adopted the Grand Tour for both sexes and among those of more advanced years as a means of gaining both exposure and association with the sophistication of Europe. Even those of lesser means sought to mimic the pilgrimage, as satirized in
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George Gordon Byron and Leslie A. Marchand, Byron's Letters and Journals: The Complete and Unexpurgated Text of All Letters Available in Manuscript and the Full Printed Version of All Others (Newark: University of Delaware Press,
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unusual, in its own way." Sir James Hall confided in his written diary to comment on seeing "more handsome women this day than I ever saw in my life", also noting "how flattering Venetian dress — or perhaps the lack of it".
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The itinerary of the Grand Tour was not set in stone, but was subject to innumerable variations, depending on an individual's interests and finances, though Paris and Rome were popular destinations for most English tourists.
37:
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as well, although it was restricted to the higher nobility. The tradition declined in Europe as enthusiasm for classical culture waned, and with the advent of accessible rail and steamship travel—an era in which
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Grand Tour : adeliges Reisen und europäische Kultur vom 14. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert : Akten der internationalen Kolloquien in der Villa Vigoni 1999 und im Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris
1448:
874:
Published accounts of the Grand Tour provided illuminating detail and an often polished first-hand perspective of the experience. Examining some accounts offered by authors in their own lifetimes,
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Leiden and Heidelberg, the Swedish grand tourists set off to France and Italy, where they spent time in Paris, Rome and Venice and completed the original grand tour on the French countryside. King
87:(about 21 years old). The custom—which flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s and was associated with a standard itinerary—served as an educational
256:, which was published posthumously in Paris in 1670 and then in London. Lassels's introduction listed four areas in which travel furnished "an accomplished, consummate Traveller": the
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Upon hiring a French-speaking guide, as French was the dominant language of the elite in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, the tourist and his entourage would travel to
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backwardness. This unconscious degradation is best reflected in the famous verses of Lamartine in which Italy is depicted as a "land of the past... where everything sleeps."
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by a daughter of Japhet, London : Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, 1858. A description of an Oriental Grand Tour at the Internet Archive Digital Library.
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1519:, 1618–1765, consists of 2038 autograph signatures of English and Scottish visitors, some of them scholars, to be sure. (J. Isaacs, "The Earl of Rochester's Grand Tour"
280:
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E. Chaney, "Gibbon, Beckford and the Interpretation of Dreams, Waking Thoughts and Incidents", The Beckford Society Annual Lectures (London, 2004), pp. 25–50.
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Nelson Moe, "Italy as Europe's South", in The View from Vesuvius, Italian Culture and the Southern Question, University of California Press, 2002
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and the masterpieces of painting, sculpture, and architecture of Rome's Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Some travellers also visited
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in 1867. Not only was it the best-selling of Twain's works during his lifetime, it became one of the best-selling travel books of all time.
985:' journals and sketches of his 1818–20 tour to Europe and the Near East have been published online. The letters written by sisters Mary and
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Ilaria Bignamini and Clare Hornsby, "Digging and Dealing in Eighteenth Century Rome" (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2010).
707:), which required dismantling the carriage and larger luggage. If wealthy enough, he might be carried over the hard terrain by servants.
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developed later, in the 19th century.) From there the traveller would endure a difficult crossing over the Alps (such as at the
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of Canton, Ohio in 1869 while on a six-month tour offer insight into the Grand Tour tradition from an American perspective.
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Brown, Iain Gordon (2006). "Water, Windows, and Women: The Significance of Venice for Scots in the Age of the Grand Tour".
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213:, with his wife and children in 1613–14 that established the most significant precedent. This is partly because he asked
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was a published account of his letters back home in 1780–1781, embellished with stream-of-consciousness associations),
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726:, where there was a considerable Anglo-Italian society accessible to travelling Englishmen "of quality" and where the
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wrote a vivid account of his Grand Tour that made Gibbon's unadventurous Italian tour look distinctly conventional.
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217:, not yet established as an architect but already known as a 'great traveller' and masque designer, to act as his
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The most common itinerary of the Grand Tour shifted across generations, but the British tourist usually began in
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479:, which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentleman's guide to ancient history were also popular.
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Northern European nations, and, from the second half of the 18th century, by some South and North Americans.
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The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion: Richard Lassels and 'The Voyage of Italy' in the seventeenth century
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205:, was an early influence on the Grand Tour but it was the far more extensive tour through Italy as far as
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575:, c. 1769. This oil on canvas painting shows a gentleman facing right with Florence and the Duomo beyond.
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reported that the book was "esteemed the best and surest Guide or Tutor for young men of his Time." see
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Clare Hornsby (ed.) "The Impact of Italy: The Grand Tour and Beyond", British School at Rome, 2000.
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undertook a decidedly modest yet greatly aspiring "grand tour" of Europe, the Middle East, and the
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By the mid-18th century, the Grand Tour had become a regular feature of aristocratic education in
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detects the element of literary artifice in these and cautions that they should be approached as
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A Comparative View of the French and English Nations in their Manners, Politics, and Literature
858:(with more gallery-going and art appreciation) before returning across the Channel to England.
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631:), or he could opt to make the trip by riverboat as far as the Alps, either travelling up the
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Norcott-Mahany, Bernard (14 November 2012) "Classic Review: Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain."
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2151:, eds. D. Marshall, K. Wolfe and S. Russell, British School at Rome, 2011, pp. 147–70.
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172:, would become familiar with Antiquities, though this altar is an invention of the painter
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A View of Society and Manners in Italy; with Anecdotes relating to some Eminent Characters
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De groote tour : tekening van de educatiereis der Nederlanders in de zeventiende eeuw
1100:
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Jeremy Black, Italy and the Grand Tour (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 118-120.
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Rome for many centuries had already been the destination of pilgrims, especially during
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The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance
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to study music, and (after the mid-18th century) to appreciate the recently discovered
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Towner, John (January 1985). "The grand tour: A key phase in the history of tourism".
952:'s grand tour, a five-month 20,000 mile excursion of Europe, the Middle East, and the
268:(by the opportunity of drawing moral instruction from all the traveller saw), and the
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was the principally 17th- to early 19th-century custom of a traditional trip through
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615:. From there the tourist, usually accompanied by a tutor (known colloquially as a "
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2186: (archived July 23, 2018), English course taught at the University of Michigan
1026:("Fifty days in Italy"), 1878, one of the many reports of the Grand Tour in Italy.
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As a young man at the outset of his account of a repeat Grand Tour, the historian
234:, the first recorded use of the term (perhaps its introduction to English) was by
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The primary value of the Grand Tour lay in its exposure to the cultural legacy of
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followed in the footsteps of the Grand Tourists for a 10-part television series
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Roma Britannica: Art Patronage and Cultural Exchange in Eighteenth-Century Rome
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An Account of Some of the Statues, Bas-Reliefs, Drawings, and Pictures in Italy
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In 2009, the Grand Tour featured prominently in a BBC/PBS miniseries based on
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Northerners found the contrast between Roman ruins and modern peasants of the
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2039:(Frank Cass, London and Portland OR, 1998; revised edition, Routledge 2000).
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475:; their price would rise if it were known that the Tourists were interested.
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1001:
953:
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young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a
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The Legacy of the Grand Tour: New Essays on Travel, Literature, and Culture
1892:
Mark Twain, Travel Books, and Tourism: The Tide of a Great Popular Movement
1234:, 2nd ed. (2000) and idem, Inigo Jones's "Roman Sketchbook", 2 vols (2006).
795:. Later in the period, the more adventurous, especially if provided with a
1103:. Set mainly in Venice, it portrayed the Grand Tour as a rite of passage.
17:
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1339:. Babel, Rainer, 1955-, Paravicini, Werner. Ostfildern: Thorbecke. 2005.
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In Our Time: The Grand Tour: Jeremy Black, Edward Chaney and Chloe Chard
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to see its archeological sites, volcanoes and its baroque architecture,
619:") and (if wealthy enough) a troop of servants, could rent or acquire a
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posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities. Many continued on to
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were also dealers and were able to sell and advise on the purchase of
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Venice Transfigured: The Myth of Venice in British Culture, 1660–1797
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allure" made it an epitome and cultural set piece of the Grand Tour.
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old preconceptions and prejudices about national characteristics, as
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Grand Tour of Ida Saxton McKinley and Sister Mary Saxton Barber 1869
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Grand Tour of Ida Saxton McKinley and Sister Mary Saxton Barber 1869
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Ostend was the starting point for William Beckford on the continent.
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London, 1789. Coxe's travels range far from the Grand Tour pattern.
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William Beckford's 1780-1781 Grand Tour through Europe shown in red
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163:
36:
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Sketches of the Natural, Political and Civil State of Switzerland
1990:
James Buzard (2002), "The Grand Tour and after (1660–1840)", in
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628:
332:
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1063:. Ostensibly an art history series, the journey takes her from
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Returning northward, the tourist might recross the Alps to the
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is in the distance where they stayed for two years. Painted by
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1575:"The captured cargo that unpacks the spirit of the grand tour"
525:
came to be included in a more broadly defined circuit. Later,
1449:"Gustav III and the Museum of Antiquities - Kungliga slotten"
978:, who wrote lengthy letters of their Grand Tour experiences.
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1417:
Den statskloka resan : adelns peregrinationer 1610–1680
374:, who was first patronised by John Evelyn as early as 1645,
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Sánchez-Jáuregui-Alpañés, Maria Dolores, and Scott Wilcox.
1924:"Little Dorrit and The Grand Tour: PBS Masterpiece Classic"
2197:
2059:
The Jacobean Grand Tour: Early Stuart Travellers in Europe
1949:"Matthew Cracknell - Kevin Mccloud's Grand Tour of Europe"
1476:
See Fussell (1987), Buzard (2002), Bohls and Duncan (2005)
119:
a byword starting in the 1870s. However, with the rise of
664:. There the traveller might undertake lessons in French,
2007:(1987), "The Eighteenth Century and the Grand Tour", in
842:, with perhaps a period of study at the universities in
99:, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of other
2137:
Grand Tour: The Lure of Italy in the Eighteenth-Century
882:
rather than unvarnished accounts. He lists as examples
760:. The British idea of Venice as the "locus of decadent
537:, was part of the upper-class women's education, as in
224:
Larger numbers of tourists began their tours after the
2075:(Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, London, 2015).
2028:
Edward Chaney (2004), "Richard Lassels": entry in the
1692:
Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark London
1386:. Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche Uitgeversmaatschappij.
2469:
MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions)
1841:
Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph
2054:(Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2003).
3219:
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3124:
3019:
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1004:, which he chronicled in his highly popular satire
653:(1640–1702), painted in classical dress in Rome by
627:'s travels – or disassembled and packed across the
323:In essence, the Grand Tour was neither a scholarly
123:in the United States in the 19th century, American
3094:World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers
3039:American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute
398:. The less well-off could return with an album of
327:nor a religious one, though a pleasurable stay in
2107:A Catalogue Raisonné of Francis Towne (1739–1816)
1735:A Year's Journey through France and Part of Spain
791:, and perhaps (for the adventurous) an ascent of
312:era he played a significant part in introducing,
75:, with Italy as a key destination, undertaken by
1051:In 1998, the BBC produced an art history series
736:brought together in one space the monuments of
683:From Paris he would typically sojourn in urban
571:‘Portrait of a Gentleman on the Grand Tour’ by
343:The advent of popular guides, such as the book
1709:A Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople
1286:E. Chaney, The Evolution of English Collecting
1071:with stop-offs to see the great masterpieces.
340:" or scholarly guide—were beyond their reach.
91:. Though it was primarily associated with the
2213:
1088:Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art
527:it became fashionable for young women as well
308:than briefly in libraries. On the eve of the
8:
2093:New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012.
1978:Travel Writing 1700–1830 : An Anthology
1976:Elizabeth Bohls and Ian Duncan, ed. (2005).
1747:
1745:
1743:
1117:in 2009 with McCloud retracing the tours of
27:Journey around Europe for cultural education
1419:. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
623:(which could be resold in any city – as in
3186:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism
2220:
2206:
2198:
2139:, Tate Gallery exhibition catalogue, 1997.
1517:Registro dei viaggiatori inglesi in Italia
3289:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
3089:Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report
1992:The Cambridge Companion to Travel Writing
1325:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Italy Journey
906:, tutor to successive dukes of Hamilton,
815:further south – was the usual terminus.
2030:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1634:Black, "Fragments from the Grand Tour"
1221:
1172:
283:, on his Grand Tour with his physician
3034:American Hotel and Lodging Association
2087:The English Prize: The Capture of the
1668:Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents
1484:
1482:
1360:
1192:The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion
892:Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents
651:Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland
483:made a career of painting the English
60:and Thomas Wynne on the Grand Tour by
3079:South-East Asian Tourism Organisation
2170:Grand Tour online at the Getty Museum
850:. From there, travellers could visit
115:made the "Cook's Tour" of early mass
7:
3317:
2117:(London: Paul Mellon Centre, 2016),
1382:Anna., Frank-van Westrienen (1983).
1303:
1301:
722:), then might spend a few months in
3327:
2135:Andrew Witon and Ilaria Bignamini,
2052:The Evolution of English Collecting
1894:. The University of Alabama Press.
2773:Destination marketing organization
1843:. London: Imperial College Press.
1819:Sir Francis Ronalds and his Family
767:From Venice the traveller went to
156:, a knowledgeable guide or tutor.
25:
3257:Convention and exhibition centers
2057:Edward Chaney and Timothy Wilks,
1815:"Sir Francis Ronalds' Grand Tour"
413:an educational lesson in vanity (
184:when European clergy visited the
3326:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3252:Cities by international visitors
3111:World Travel and Tourism Council
1636:The Huntington Library Quarterly
559:made his Grand Tour in 1783–84.
83:or family member) when they had
3294:World Heritage Sites by country
3074:Pacific Asia Travel Association
2091:, An Episode of the Grand Tour.
1641:.4 (Autumn 1990:337–341) p 338.
1295:Noted by Redford 1996, Preface.
1231:The Evolution of the Grand Tour
1074:In 2005, British art historian
748:, the tourist would move on to
353:Jonathan Richardson the Younger
211:the 'Collector' Earl of Arundel
3049:Caribbean Tourism Organization
2673:Hospitality management studies
2578:Visiting friends and relatives
1878:The Kansas City Public Library
811:itself. But Naples – or later
186:Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome
1:
3135:Akwaaba African Travel Market
3059:Historical Archive on Tourism
2191:Wanderings in the Land of Ham
2132:(Yale University Press) 1991.
2061:(I.B. Tauris, London, 2014).
1890:Melton, Jeffrey Alan (2009).
1521:The Review of English Studies
336:perhaps a cook, certainly a "
281:Douglas, 8th Duke of Hamilton
239:
201:(1611), published during the
42:
3206:Tourism improvement district
1503:10.1016/0160-7383(85)90002-7
1252:Paul Fussell (1987), p. 129.
944:A plate of the ruins of the
501:, but few ventured far into
456:Goethe in the Roman Campagna
331:and a cautious residence in
320:flourished in this mindset.
2025:(CIRVI, Geneva-Turin, 1985.
1980:. Oxford University Press.
32:Grand Tour (disambiguation)
3384:
3099:World Tourism Organization
3054:European Travel Commission
2071:Lisa Colletta ed. (2015),
2050:Edward Chaney ed. (2003),
1603:Malta & The Grand Tour
1491:Annals of Tourism Research
1111:Kevin McCloud's Grand Tour
992:Immediately following the
822:parts of Europe, visiting
714:, the tourist would visit
529:; a trip to Italy, with a
467:In Rome, antiquaries like
228:in 1648. According to the
29:
3302:
2009:The Norton Book of Travel
1880:(Retrieved 27 April 2014)
1766:10.1215/00982601-2006-001
1538:Venice and the Grand Tour
1307:Bohls & Duncan (2005)
1080:Brian Sewell's Grand Tour
1053:Sister Wendy's Grand Tour
1024:Cinquante jours en Italie
996:U.S. author and humorist
493:, where they also viewed
421:Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem
358:The Grand Tour offered a
231:Oxford English Dictionary
3181:Heritage commodification
3029:American Bus Association
1600:Freller, Thomas (2009).
443:of the 1760s and 1770s.
168:The Grand Tourist, like
1754:Eighteenth-Century Life
888:William Thomas Beckford
744:. After a side trip to
62:Nathaniel Dance-Holland
3104:World Tourism rankings
3044:BEST Education Network
2158:, (Canton, Ohio) 1985.
2021:Edward Chaney (1985),
1839:Ronalds, B.F. (2016).
1696:Travels in Switzerland
1453:www.kungligaslotten.se
1367:: CS1 maint: others (
1027:
963:
871:
693:Protestant Reformation
657:
576:
464:
427:
300:
177:
135:'s enormously popular
64:
3140:Arabian Travel Market
2154:Henry S. Belden III,
1543:Yale University Press
1415:Winberg, Ola (2018).
1186:, "Richard Lassels",
1055:presented by British
1021:
943:
869:
705:Great St Bernard Pass
649:
570:
505:, and fewer still to
453:
408:
347:published in 1722 by
287:and the latter's son
278:
167:
40:
3150:Festival del Viaggio
3116:World Travel Monitor
2768:Convention (meeting)
2615:Hospitality industry
1867:(Canton, Ohio) 1985.
1084:Brian Sewell Archive
908:Samuel Jackson Pratt
781:archaeological sites
635:to Paris, or up the
557:Gustav III of Sweden
30:For other uses, see
3227:Adjectival tourisms
3145:Cruise of the Kings
3064:Life Beyond Tourism
2843:Roadside attraction
2104:Stephens, Richard.
1928:Jane Austen's World
1151:Overseas experience
691:(the cradle of the
509:, then still under
349:Jonathan Richardson
254:The Voyage of Italy
203:Twelve Years' Truce
146:classical antiquity
3284:Passenger airlines
3191:Impacts of tourism
3021:Trade associations
2996:Outdoor literature
2888:Tourist attraction
2833:Perpetual traveler
2112:2016-06-16 at the
1131:Camino de Santiago
1040:Gone With The Wind
1035:American Civil War
1028:
994:American Civil War
964:
872:
862:Published accounts
658:
591:, and crossed the
577:
544:A Room with a View
465:
437:Compleat Gentleman
428:
301:
198:Coryat's Crudities
178:
65:
3340:
3339:
3165:World Tourism Day
2983:Travel literature
2948:Travel technology
2873:Tourism geography
2633:Convention center
2623:Bed and breakfast
2484:Recreational drug
2128:Geoffrey Trease,
2081:978 1 61147 797 9
2067:978 1 78076 783 3
1953:Matthew Cracknell
1906:Project MUSE
1901:978-0-8173-1350-0
1850:978-1-78326-917-4
1778:Project MUSE
1673:Project Gutenberg
1031:Margaret Mitchell
1022:Georges Bastard,
956:satirized in his
916:Philip Thicknesse
880:travel literature
699:. ("Alpinism" or
563:Typical itinerary
360:liberal education
121:industrialization
16:(Redirected from
3375:
3368:Rites of passage
3363:Cultural tourism
3353:Types of tourism
3330:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3006:Travel magazines
3001:Tourism journals
2933:Travel insurance
2878:Tourism minister
2858:Tour bus service
2222:
2215:
2208:
2199:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1887:
1881:
1874:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1749:
1738:
1731:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1620:. Archived from
1610:: Midsea Books.
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1571:
1565:
1552:
1546:
1535:Redford, Bruce.
1533:
1527:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1455:. Archived from
1445:
1439:
1438:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1226:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1177:
1069:Saint Petersburg
1007:Innocents Abroad
959:Innocents Abroad
930:the Grand Tour.
900:Elizabeth Craven
886:, John Andrews,
799:, might attempt
738:High Renaissance
625:Giacomo Casanova
477:Coins and medals
461:Johann Tischbein
314:William Beckford
241:
226:Peace of Münster
138:Innocents Abroad
93:British nobility
47:
44:
21:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3358:Types of travel
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3298:
3215:
3169:
3120:
3015:
2977:
2938:Travel medicine
2928:Travel document
2923:Travel behavior
2893:Tourist gateway
2818:Journey planner
2751:
2643:Destination spa
2609:
2280:Bicycle touring
2231:
2226:
2184:Wayback Machine
2166:
2161:
2114:Wayback Machine
2035:Edward Chaney,
1972:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1789:
1751:
1750:
1741:
1737:, London, 1777.
1732:
1728:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1702:
1685:
1681:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1654:, London, 1785.
1649:
1645:
1633:
1629:
1618:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1553:
1549:
1534:
1530:
1514:
1510:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1462:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1394:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1359:
1347:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1270:
1269:. Newadvent.org
1261:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1127:
1101:Charles Dickens
1049:
1047:Popular culture
1016:
983:Francis Ronalds
976:Richard Pococke
912:Tobias Smollett
864:
820:German-speaking
742:Roman sculpture
718:(and sometimes
593:English Channel
565:
419:). Painting by
297:Jean Preudhomme
242:1603–1668), an
236:Richard Lassels
195:'s travel book
162:
89:rite of passage
58:Thomas Robinson
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3314:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Leakage effect
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2973:Visitor center
2970:
2965:
2963:Travel website
2960:
2958:Travel warning
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Tourism region
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2712:
2710:Referral chain
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2628:Boutique hotel
2625:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2319:
2314:
2312:Archaeological
2304:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2180:The Grand Tour
2177:
2172:
2165:
2164:External links
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2133:
2130:The Grand Tour
2126:
2123:10.17658/towne
2102:
2099:978-0300176056
2083:
2069:
2055:
2048:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2002:
1988:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1940:
1915:
1910:book 6659
1900:
1882:
1869:
1856:
1849:
1831:
1806:
1797:
1787:
1739:
1726:
1713:
1700:
1690:London, 1779;
1679:
1677:
1676:
1656:
1643:
1627:
1624:on 2016-11-08.
1616:
1592:
1566:
1547:
1528:
1508:
1497:(3): 297–333.
1478:
1469:
1440:
1425:
1407:
1392:
1374:
1345:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1194:(Geneva, 1985)
1171:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1048:
1045:
1037:-based novel,
1015:
1012:
884:Joseph Addison
863:
860:
793:Mount Vesuvius
740:paintings and
734:Uffizi gallery
701:mountaineering
564:
561:
503:Southern Italy
469:Thomas Jenkins
411:Roman Campagna
285:Dr. John Moore
252:, in his book
247:Roman Catholic
209:undertaken by
170:Francis Basset
161:
158:
108:Central Europe
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3380:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3333:
3325:
3323:
3315:
3313:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Casino hotels
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Tourism Radio
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Travel survey
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Travel agency
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:Tour operator
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:Hypermobility
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Escorted tour
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2437:International
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
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1554:Eglin, John.
1551:
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1496:
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1473:
1470:
1459:on 2019-06-03
1458:
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1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:Edward Chaney
1181:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1162:
1161:Grand touring
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
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1147:
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1020:
1014:In literature
1013:
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1008:
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999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
981:Inventor Sir
979:
977:
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960:
955:
951:
947:
942:
938:
935:
934:James Boswell
931:
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773:ancient ruins
771:to study the
770:
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655:Carlo Maratti
652:
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539:E. M. Forster
536:
532:
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524:
520:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
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492:
488:
487:
482:
481:Pompeo Batoni
478:
474:
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448:
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434:
433:Jean Gailhard
426:
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397:
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389:
385:
381:
377:
376:Pompeo Batoni
373:
372:Carlo Maratti
369:
368:drawing rooms
365:
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317:
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311:
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298:
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194:
193:Thomas Coryat
189:
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174:Pompeo Batoni
171:
166:
159:
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151:
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126:
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94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
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55:
51:
39:
33:
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3262:Cruise lines
3237:Bibliography
2898:Tourist trap
2823:Package tour
2797:
2788:Factory tour
2763:College tour
2442:Volunteering
2390:Experiential
2189:
2155:
2148:
2136:
2129:
2105:
2086:
2072:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2008:
2005:Paul Fussell
1991:
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1956:. Retrieved
1952:
1943:
1932:. Retrieved
1930:. 2009-04-12
1927:
1918:
1891:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1840:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1818:
1809:
1800:
1790:
1757:
1753:
1734:
1733:Thicknesse,
1729:
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1721:
1716:
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1708:
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1695:
1691:
1687:
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1666:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1622:the original
1602:
1595:
1583:. Retrieved
1581:. 4 May 2012
1579:The guardian
1578:
1569:
1555:
1550:
1536:
1531:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1494:
1490:
1472:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1452:
1443:
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1383:
1377:
1335:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1291:
1282:
1271:. Retrieved
1264:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1199:
1191:
1190:, and idem,
1180:Anthony Wood
1175:
1146:Walking tour
1141:Hippie trail
1121:architects.
1110:
1105:
1094:
1092:
1086:held by the
1079:
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1073:
1061:Sister Wendy
1052:
1050:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1005:
991:
980:
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573:Thomas Patch
553:
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484:
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445:
436:
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414:
357:
351:and his son
344:
342:
322:
318:
302:
291:. A view of
279:Portrait of
258:intellectual
253:
229:
223:
196:
191:In Britain,
190:
179:
143:
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105:
95:and wealthy
68:
66:
48:painting of
3332:WikiProject
3232:Attractions
3211:Tourist tax
3201:Overtourism
3126:Trade fairs
2953:Travel visa
2756:Terminology
2658:Guest ranch
2653:Guest house
2638:Cruise ship
2563:Sustainable
2344:Pop-culture
2270:Backpacking
2260:Alternative
2255:Agritourism
2089:Westmorland
1760:(3): 1–50.
1265:Pilgrimages
1228:E. Chaney,
785:Herculaneum
687:, often in
685:Switzerland
617:bear-leader
523:Switzerland
495:Herculaneum
425:Mauritshuis
380:portraitist
366:, gardens,
338:bear-leader
215:Inigo Jones
150:Renaissance
113:Thomas Cook
85:come of age
77:upper-class
54:John Mytton
50:James Grant
46: 1760
3347:Categories
3160:ITB Berlin
3128:and events
3011:Wikivoyage
2991:Guide book
2863:Tour guide
2853:Staycation
2798:Grand Tour
2747:Restaurant
2648:Front desk
2514:Pilgrimage
2432:Industrial
2427:Geotourism
2378:Ecotourism
2300:Enotourism
2275:Beachgoing
2245:Accessible
1958:2022-06-28
1934:2022-06-28
1463:2019-06-03
1435:1038629353
1393:044486573X
1346:3799574549
1273:2012-07-20
1211:References
1156:Field trip
1109:presented
998:Mark Twain
987:Ida Saxton
967:Lord Byron
950:Mark Twain
904:John Moore
848:Heidelberg
844:Ingolstadt
762:Italianate
382:, and the
325:pilgrimage
244:expatriate
133:Mark Twain
125:Gilded Age
101:Protestant
69:Grand Tour
18:Grand tour
2908:Transport
2838:Road trip
2808:Honeymoon
2793:Gift shop
2783:Excursion
2499:Christian
2494:Religious
2479:Orphanage
2410:Genealogy
2361:Holocaust
2327:Bookstore
2250:Adventure
1774:144657874
1650:Andrews,
1562:Macmillan
1363:cite book
1167:Footnotes
1115:Channel 4
1057:Carmelite
1002:Holy Land
954:Holy Land
946:Acropolis
824:Innsbruck
678:diplomacy
541:'s novel
535:chaperone
441:maccaroni
402:etchings.
388:Canaletto
384:vedutisti
270:political
221:(guide).
141:in 1869.
3312:Category
3069:Musement
2968:Vacation
2848:Souvenir
2828:Passport
2668:Homestay
2663:Heuhotel
2588:Wildlife
2583:Wellness
2474:Nautical
2420:Identity
2415:Heritage
2373:Domestic
2356:Disaster
2322:Literary
2307:Cultural
2295:Culinary
2290:Business
2110:Archived
1863:Belden,
1707:Craven,
1694:, 1784;
1585:4 August
1402:19057035
1355:60520500
1136:Gap year
1125:See also
856:Flanders
807:or even
724:Florence
710:Once in
697:Lausanne
609:Le Havre
603:, or to
533:aunt as
531:spinster
423:, 1661,
400:Piranesi
386:such as
364:cabinets
310:Romantic
299:in 1774.
219:cicerone
154:cicerone
148:and the
3322:Commons
3272:Largest
3247:Casinos
2803:Holiday
2730:Seaside
2705:Pension
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2531:Sensory
2526:Science
2464:Medical
2454:Justice
2400:Fashion
2395:Extreme
2332:Tolkien
2229:Tourism
2182:at the
1970:Sources
1720:Moore,
1564:: 2001.
1545:: 1996.
1119:British
971:letters
890:(whose
852:Holland
840:Potsdam
832:Dresden
813:Paestum
789:Pompeii
754:Bologna
732:of the
729:Tribuna
670:fencing
666:dancing
601:Belgium
589:England
519:Germany
499:Pompeii
486:milordi
473:marbles
416:vanitas
392:Pannini
266:ethical
182:Jubilee
176:, 1778.
160:History
117:tourism
3279:Motels
3267:Hotels
3174:Issues
2913:Travel
2903:Touron
2725:Island
2715:Resort
2678:Hostel
2593:Safari
2558:Sports
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809:Greece
801:Sicily
777:Naples
758:Venice
756:, and
689:Geneva
674:riding
672:, and
613:France
605:Calais
597:Ostend
507:Greece
491:Naples
463:, 1787
396:Guardi
329:Venice
293:Geneva
264:, the
262:social
260:, the
250:priest
207:Naples
73:Europe
3220:Lists
3155:FITUR
2720:Hotel
2700:Motel
2683:Hotel
2598:Scuba
2568:Urban
2551:Lunar
2546:Space
2541:Smart
2521:Rural
2504:Halal
2383:Shark
2339:Music
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2237:Types
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1770:S2CID
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1216:Notes
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797:yacht
750:Padua
720:Milan
716:Turin
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637:Rhine
633:Seine
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2605:Yoga
2536:Slum
2459:LGBT
2351:Dark
2317:Film
2095:ISBN
2077:ISBN
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1996:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1826:2016
1612:ISBN
1587:2017
1515:The
1431:OCLC
1421:ISBN
1398:OCLC
1388:ISBN
1369:link
1351:OCLC
1341:ISBN
1337:2000
1188:ODNB
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838:and
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