1422:
256:
1222:) brought gifts on Christmas Eve. Slovenian families have different preferences regarding their gift-giver of choice, according to political or religious persuasion. Slovenian popular culture depicts Grandpa Frost, Saint Nicholas and Santa Claus as friends and has also started blending attributes of the characters, for example, mention of Santa's reindeer is sometimes mingled into the Grandpa Frost narrative at public appearances. Due to his non-religious character and strong institutionalization, Grandpa Frost continues to retain a public presence.
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1413:(Maiden Snow), and New Year's tree will not appear on the state television this year, because these personages and attributes bear no direct relation to our national traditions, though there is no harm in them". However next day this was denounced, and planned celebrations did include these despite objections of some religious figures.
1421:
1501:, and Ded Moroz, while not being banned, was removed from Uzbek TV channels. This decision was met with mixed reception. Some say that traditions are not for the government to decide upon, whereas more orthodox Muslims want the New Year and Ded Moroz banned altogether, as was done with
711:
For almost 160 years of influence Dzmer Pap and
Dzyunanushik have hardly changed their appearance or behavior: they come in red, blue or white winter fur coats and, bringing presents to children, expect them to sing songs or recite poems. They are parts of New Year and
631:
The
Russian-language website provides "real-time tracking" of Ded Moroz, "news" of Ded Moroz throughout the year, a form to send e-mail to Ded Moroz, photos, videos, streaming audio of Russian songs, poems and verses from children's letters to Ded Moroz, information on
1135:
fur cap. This version of the character is based on traditional imagery, especially as depicted by Maksim
Gaspari in images commissioned in 1952. Although the name was translated literally from the Soviet figure, other names for the character were also considered:
451:("Snow Maiden" – Ded Moroz' granddaughter) roles for the New Year holiday. People playing Ded Moroz and Snegurochka now typically make appearances at children's parties during the winter holiday season, distributing presents and fighting off the wicked witch,
1170:, Slovenia's (and also Yugoslavia's) highest peak. Public processions featuring the character began in Ljubljana in 1953. The notion of Grandpa Frost was ideologically useful because it served to reorient the December/January holidays away from religion (
1202:. St. Nicholas has had a strong traditional presence in Slovenian ethnic territory and his feast day remained celebrated in family circles throughout the Communist period. Until the late 1940s it was also said in some areas of Slovenia that
371:
758:, where Christians are a small minority, these traditions and celebrations remain very popular, however the Christian origin is barely to not known at all and they're rather cultural. Şaxta Baba is also an Azerbaijani version of
446:
character of Ded Moroz. This included the
Russian Federation and subordinate governments sponsoring courses about Ded Moroz every December, with the aim of establishing appropriate Slavic norms for Ded Moroz and
1406:
On 11 December 2013, Saidali
Siddiqov, the first deputy head of the Committee for TV and Radio-broadcasting under the Government of Tajikistan, announced in an interview that "Father Frost, his maiden sidekick
754:) at Baku Boulevard and other attractions in Baku, giving away presents to and taking pictures with children. Since 2014 however, every actor needs a license costing up to $ 75. In the predominantly Muslim but
3095:
2088:
862:("Grandfather Frost") being a similar Russian-imported character lacking the Christian connotations and thus popular during Communist rule. However, he has been largely forgotten since 1989, when
416:. Between 2003 and 2010, the post office in Veliky Ustyug received approximately 2,000,000 letters from within Russia and from all over the world for Ded Moroz. On 7 January 2008, then President
315:
based on the play. By the end of the 19th century Ded Moroz became a popular character. The children's tradition of writing letters to Ded Moroz has been known since the end of the XIX century.
2115:
3035:
3105:
4251:
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Tivodar, Blanka; Vezovnik, Andreja (2010). "Cooking in
Socialist Slovenia: Housewives on the Road from a Bright Future to an Idyllic Past". In Luthar, Breda; Pušnik, Maruša (eds.).
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161:. He is often depicted bringing presents to well-mannered children, often delivering them in person in the days of December and secretly under the New Year Tree over night on
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figures. The détente efforts portrayed have included one-on-one meetings, group meetings and friendly competitions, such as the annual
November Santa Claus championships of
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on 28 December 1935. Postyshev believed that the origins of the holiday, which were pre-Christian, were less important than the benefits it could bring to Soviet children.
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Many ethnic minorities have for linguistic reasons other names for Ded Moroz or even have their own culture-equivalent counterparts to Ded Moroz. For example, in
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Since the 19th century the attributes and legend of Ded Moroz have been shaped by literary influences, which were also influenced by the
Western tradition of
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1182:. After the ousting of Communism at the beginning of the 1990s, two other "good old men" (as they are currently styled in Slovenian) reappeared in public:
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matinées and shows in
Armenia. In recent decades well-off parents have developed a tradition to invite Dzmer Pap and Dzyunanushik to their children.
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should not be celebrated. 25 and 26 December became working days and no official celebrations were to be held. As a replacement for
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is still said to bring gifts at New Year. In
Croatia, children also get presents on 6 December. Due to the historical influence of
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still remains a notable family event, it is no longer celebrated on a wide national scale, as it was during the times of the
901:
1261:(Grandfather Winter) is the Mongolian equivalent of Ded Moroz, who brings children and adult alike gifts on New Year's Eve.
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made inroads in the Russian Federation during the "turbulent" 1990s when Western culture increased its penetration into the
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664:, some of these countries made efforts to move away from Soviet and Russian heritage toward their own ancient traditions.
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2383:"Ded Moroz Presides Over the Annual International Santa Claus Championships of 28–29 November 2009 in Celle, Germany"
991:(literally: "Grandfather Christmas") was introduced. Attempts were made in the mass media and advertising to replace
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3350:
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2409:"Ded Moroz Participates in Annual International Santa Claus Championships of 28–29 November 2008 in Celle, Germany"
1593:
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with together. Every December, actors playing Şaxta Baba and Qar Qızı stand next to a Christmas tree (Azerbaijani:
1131:
is depicted as a slim man wearing a grey leather coat, which has fur inside and is decorated outside, and a round
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by a crowd shouting "You infidel!". The murder was motivated by religious hatred, according to the Tajik police.
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Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, and especially in recent years, there has been a shift from Ded Moroz (
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1939:
1835:"Christmas Customs in Eastern Europe: Eastern Europe's Traditional Christmas Celebrations by Kerry Kubilius"
1557:
1531:
950:
823:
688:), whose name means Snow Sweetie, or Snow Anush (a popular Armenian female name), is another counterpart of
459:
302:
185:
75:
47:
1742:"Ded Moroz, the Russian Santa: Ded Moroz, or 'Grandfather Frost' is Russia's Santa Claus by Kerry Kubilius"
1304:
celebrations began on 30 December, which was named the Day of the Republic, since it was the day when King
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2017:
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In November and December 2010, Ded Moroz was one of the candidates in the running for consideration as a
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Russia. The resurgence of Russia in the early 21st century brought about a renewed emphasis on the basic
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authorities banned Ded Moroz. However, the ban was lifted and he soon became a significant part of
5003:
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4005:
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3939:
3922:
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2545:"Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population"
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1450:
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1305:
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340:) that replaced Christmas. Some Christmas traditions were revived following the famous letter by
224:
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there were rumors that Ded Moroz imagery was being discouraged by the authorities; however, the
640:(considered to be Ded Moroz's hometown) and opportunities to enter competitions and win prizes.
549:
2936:
2264:
2149:
1768:
1493:, a largely Muslim nation, moved away from celebrating Christmas. While the celebration of the
129:
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became more or less synonymous, including in their use on public television. In some families
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673:
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adaptation of the Russian Ded Moroz). He was said to bring gifts to children on 31 December.
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905:
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259:
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102:
94:
66:
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3125:[Nobody banned Father Frost and the Snow Maiden in Ukraine – Ministry of Culture].
3036:"Tajik official confirms information about banning Father Frost from New Year's broadcasts"
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1270:
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in parts of Croatia, presents are also said to be brought by a traditional figure called
2062:
1384:
In Tajikistan the tradition of Ded Moroz has continued. In Tajik, Ded Moroz is known as
904:) the character who was said to bring gifts to children was called "Grandfather Frost" (
4882:
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3385:
3338:
3290:
2510:""Bulvarda Şaxta baba və Qar qız olmaq istəyən lisenziya almalıdır" - Bulvar İdarəsi"
2242:
1502:
1474:
1199:
633:
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and religious". Similarly, in 1928 Ded Moroz was declared "an ally of the priest and
322:, Christmas traditions were actively discouraged because they were considered to be "
173:
154:
2290:
612:
In November 2009, for the first time, the Russian Federation offered competition to
4941:
4889:
4724:
4483:
3983:
3857:
3514:
3405:
3365:
3311:
1498:
1355:) is known as the master of cold, accompanied by the Yakut version of Snegurochka,
1163:
803:. He is not a historical folkloric Belarusian character, but was a replacement for
774:
653:
620:(the Russian satellite navigation system, comparable to GPS) to track Ded Moroz on
409:
333:
144:
114:
52:
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with various counterparts from other cultures, such as the Estonian Santa Claus (
126:
17:
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4877:
4857:
4852:
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4779:
4759:
4709:
4090:
3877:
3817:
3797:
3757:
3752:
3673:
3623:
1715:
1685:
1376:). He is very similar to Ded Moroz, however a more "East Asian" version of him.
1249:, Mongolia has been celebrating the New Year's festivities as a formal holiday.
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689:
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Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
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323:
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https://eurasianet.org/santa-claus-cousin-ded-moroz-needs-a-license-in-baku
1275:
In 1948, after the Communists gained power in Romania, it was decided that
972:
because public celebration of Christmas was frowned upon during communism.
546:
indigenous people have their own counterpart to Ded Moroz, which is called
3096:"Kiev Brings Back Orthodox Santa Claus Instead of Soviet-Era Father Frost"
813:, whom Soviet authorities disapproved of because of his Christian origin.
370:
39:
4975:
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3489:
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1893:
Life Has Become More Joyous, Comrades: Celebrations in the Time of Stalin
1494:
1400:
1245:
Since the introduction and familiarization of Russian culture during the
1232:
1179:
1110:
1074:
969:
759:
424:
visited Ded Moroz' residence in the town of Veliky Ustyug as part of the
337:
312:
3217:
2710:
Remembering Utopia: The Culture of Everyday Life in Socialist Yugoslavia
4910:
4905:
4810:
4774:
4699:
4668:
3715:
3554:
3494:
3360:
3020:
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Klobčar, Marija (2009). "Christmas Songs and Constructing Identities".
1979:
1167:
1155:
1095:
1046:
680:), literally Grandfather Winter. His loyal granddaughter Dzyunanushik (
617:
181:
149:
3072:[Tajikistan decides not to ban Father Frost and Snow Maiden].
358:
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4872:
4862:
4498:
4376:
3872:
3842:
3628:
3574:
3355:
1859:
1154:(Grandma Winter) was also proposed. Initially he was said to live in
847:
346:
332:". Nevertheless, the image of Ded Moroz took its current form during
266:
The origins of the character of Ded Moroz predates Christianity as a
169:
86:
3152:
2800:[Dedek Mraz is here as the last of December's gift givers].
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3400:
1420:
1399:
In 2012, a young man dressed as Ded Moroz was stabbed to death in
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601:
467:
380:
369:
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328:
254:
242:
46:
38:
2411:(Press release). Vologda Oblast. 27 November 2008. Archived from
2385:(Press release). Vologda Oblast. 27 November 2009. Archived from
1918:"Father Frost and the Snow Maiden deliver Russia's winter warmer"
1676: – Overview of the various traditions practised at Christmas
400:
Ded Moroz is very popular in modern Russia. In 1998, the town of
4936:
4600:
3318:
2509:
2357:"Ded Maroz ('Father Frost') meets Santa Claus in Turku, Finland"
648:
There are equivalents of Ded Moroz and Snegurochka all over the
3229:
3122:Деда Мороза и Снегурочку в Украине никто не запрещал – Минкульт
2823:
2626:"Traditions old and new: From Father Frost to Father Christmas"
2337:. Official Website of the Republic of Belarus. 22 November 2010
2313:"Russian Father Frost expects to celebrate Christmas in London"
262:: Ded Moroz 1885. A sketch of the costume for "The Snow Maiden"
1445:), who came to be associated with the Soviet-era heritage, to
3173:"Just Don't Call Me Santa!"—A history of Ded Maroz in English
2461:
153:
on his feet. He has a long white beard. He walks with a long
3225:
2884:
2725:"Santa Claus in Croatia: The Croatian Santa Claus Tradition"
2291:"Estonia/Russia: Santa Claus Shakes Hands With Father Frost"
2089:"Putin and his deputy show off Russian Christmas traditions"
1049:
who takes misbehaving children away, another character from
3201:
3069:В Таджикистане решили не запрещать Деда Мороза и Снегурочку
474:
Variations of Ded Moroz in ethnic minority groups of Russia
408:, Russia was declared the home of the Russian Ded Moroz by
336:
times, becoming the main symbol of the New Year's holiday (
3209:
2877:"Нэр нэгтийн чих нэг: ӨВЛИЙН ӨВГӨН (Цан хүүрэгтэй зочид)"
2798:"Kot zadnji od decembrskih obdarovalcev je tu dedek Mraz"
2091:. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. 7 January 2008. Archived from
2847:"Slovenia's Christmas Traditions: Christmas in Slovenia"
1598:
935:
2116:"Russia's Grandfather Frost fights the invading Santas"
2012:[Veliky Ustyg is the birthplace of Ded Moroz].
1650:
1618:
1464:
1256:
857:
841:
1198:("Christmas man"; usually depicted as Santa Claus) on
2590:. Office for a Democratic Belarus. 13 December 2007.
1669:
List of Christmas and winter gift-bringers by country
1562:
1536:
955:
616:
with GLONASS Tracks Ded Moroz, which purports to use
491:
80:
2759:"Croatia Christmas Traditions: Christmas in Croatia"
2658:. Global Geopoltics Net. 11 May 2009. Archived from
1770:
Encyclopedia of Russian & Slavic Myth and Legend
1285:(Father Christmas), a new character was introduced,
1053:
folklore. In some religious families, little Jesus (
692:. The tradition was set throughout the times of the
4929:
4898:
4845:
4819:
4798:
4677:
4622:
4609:
4407:
4302:
4213:
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3329:
3016:"'Father Christmas' stabbed to death in Tajikistan"
2564:. On-Line Reference and Information. Archived from
2293:. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. 1 January 2006
1371:
1350:
525:
3185:"Father Frost, the Red Nose" on Russia Info-Centre
2464:(in Russian). Official GLONASS Tracks Father Frost
1067:) is said to brings gifts at Christmas instead of
566:, are presented in the media as being in on-going
455:, who children are told wants to steal the gifts.
2436:"What on earth is happening with 'Russia's GPS'?"
2335:"Finnish Santa Claus and Belarusian Father Frost"
1694: – Personification of frost and cold weather
1162:crisis and the schism between Yugoslavia and the
105:. The tradition of Ded Moroz is mostly spread in
1688: – Legendary figure based on Saint Nicholas
1390:("Grandfather Snow"), and Snegurochka is called
1192:") is said to bring presents on 6 December, and
1045:, except for the fact that he is accompanied by
817:
808:
786:
576:or "Old man of Yule"), the Finnish Santa Claus (
235:; "Snow Maiden"), his granddaughter and helper.
1682: – Folkloric figure originating in England
1426:
1250:
863:
851:
835:
1706: – Romanian Christmas folkloric character
1322:
1316:
1286:
1280:
1100:
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1068:
1054:
1040:
1034:
1026:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
672:The Armenian name for Ded Moroz is Dzmer Pap (
571:
136:, but traditionally the name is translated as
3241:
1408:
1237:is the Kazakh and Kyrgyz name for Ded Moroz.
1217:
1211:
1193:
1183:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1126:
1120:
1114:
739:, who Şaxta Baba brings gifts to children at
577:
483:
29:For the Russian fairy tale Father Frost, see
8:
2712:. Washington, DC: New Academia. p. 396.
2016:(in Russian). 8 October 2007. Archived from
1950:"Reveling in Russian Santa's fairytale home"
1860:4 декабря – День написания писем Деду Морозу
1230:
1203:
1060:
535:
147:, in red or blue, a semi-round fur hat, and
2462:"Official GLONASS Tracks Ded Moroz website"
1814:, an article from the Russian encyclopedia
1391:
1385:
868:again returned as the more popular figure.
704:was joined to Russia according to the 1828
547:
517:
497:
36:Christmas figure in eastern Slavic cultures
4619:
3248:
3234:
3226:
3190:Reveling in Russian Santa’s fairytale home
2063:"Veliky Ustyug – Homeland of Father Frost"
562:Ded Moroz, and on occasion the Belarusian
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2656:"BALKANS: Religion Makes a Worrying Call"
2176:"Video – Meet Russia's Antidote To Santa"
2033:"Veliky Ustyug, the Russian Santa's Home"
1887:
1885:
1870:
1868:
1148:("Daddy Triglav"). A female figure named
3153:"Father Christmas off air in Uzbekistan"
2982:Как зовут Деда Мороза в разных странах?
1718: – Character in Russian fairy tales
301:was influential in this respect, as was
2229:
2227:
1728:
1514:
1033:(Saint Nicholas) who closely resembles
652:, as well as the countries once in the
109:countries and is a significant part of
2960:. European Youth Voice. Archived from
2624:Kostadinov, Petar (26 December 2005).
1321:lost his influence, being replaced by
968:). He was said to bring gifts for the
4578:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2594:from the original on 23 November 2010
2363:from the original on 12 December 2021
1799:
1797:
1542:
985:was labeled a communist creation and
834:The Bulgarian name of Santa Claus is
7:
3119:Voychuk, Vitaly (13 December 2017).
3014:Roman Kozhevnikov (3 January 2012).
2939:[Memories with Moş Gerilă].
2010:"Великий Устюг — родина Деда Мороза"
1767:Dixon-Kennedy, Mike (2 April 1998).
1712: – Turkish new year celebration
822:in Belarus is declared to be in the
778:A Ded Moroz in Belarus, alongside a
558:International relations of Ded Moroz
2958:"The Scent of Christmas in Romania"
2956:Chitic, Magdalena (December 2006).
2588:"Christmas and New Year in Belarus"
1948:Taplin, Phoebe (15 December 2010).
390:President of the Russian Federation
3104:. 20 November 2014. Archived from
3044:. 11 December 2013. Archived from
2907:"Povestea impostorului Moş Gerilă"
1916:Womack, Helen (31 December 1996).
25:
2804:(in Slovenian). 28 December 2014.
2150:"Meet Russia's Antidote To Santa"
1895:, Indiana University Press, 200,
1816:Myths of the Peoples of the World
1700: – Personification of winter
392:visiting Ded Moroz' residence in
4999:
4998:
4454:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
4349:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
3202:Home page all of the Ded's Moroz
3001:Стрела; Дед Мороз и все-все-все
2945:(in Romanian). 24 December 2005.
2613:Маёнтак Беларускага Дзеда Мароза
2434:Ioffe, Julia (1 December 2009).
2208:. Russian Santas. Archived from
2174:Grout, Dave (25 December 2007).
2148:Grout, Dave (24 December 2007).
2069:from the original on 8 June 2024
172:is considered to be the town of
2114:Weir, Fred (24 December 2000).
2037:About.com Eastern Europe Travel
1293:(literally "Old Man Frosty", a
1119:was translated from Russian as
662:dissolution of the Soviet Union
374:Snow sculpture of Ded Moroz in
4434:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
4363:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3746:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
3525:Legend of the Christmas Spider
3076:(in Russian). 17 December 2013
2883:(in Mongolian). Archived from
1409:
1166:his home was relocated to Mt.
1125:(literally, "Grandpa Frost").
542:("Grandfather of Yamal"). The
195:, Ded Moroz is accompanied by
168:The residence of Ded Moroz in
143:Ded Moroz wears a heel-length
1:
4385:Christmas television specials
4284:The New Oxford Book of Carols
3371:Annunciation to the shepherds
1489:In 2012 it was reported that
1479:Ukrainian Ministry of Culture
698:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
184:Dzyed Maroz is said to be in
125:. The literal translation of
4439:Christmas and holiday season
3129:(in Russian). Archived from
2483:Dowling, Timothy C. (2014).
2315:. Interfax. 24 November 2010
1954:Russia: Beyond the Headlines
1433:on a Ukrainian postage stamp
1372:
1351:
548:
536:
516:it has the similar spelling
239:Development of the character
5077:Personifications of weather
5057:Russian folklore characters
2487:. ABC-CLIO. p. 728ff.
1837:. About.com. Archived from
1744:. About.com. Archived from
1674:Christmas in Eastern Europe
1651:
1619:
1599:
1563:
1537:
1465:
1427:
1392:
1386:
1313:Romanian Revolution of 1989
1257:
1231:
956:
936:
864:
858:
842:
818:
809:
787:
526:
492:
81:
5098:
5082:Slavic folklore characters
5072:Slavic legendary creatures
3351:Adoration of the Shepherds
2695:10.3986/Traditio2009380112
1469:), who is more popular in
1364:
1343:
1268:
1178:) and towards the secular
1003:. After 1999 the names of
816:The official residence of
530:with the same meaning. In
113:. At the beginning of the
28:
4994:
4595:WWE Tribute to the Troops
4356:A Visit from St. Nicholas
4277:The Oxford Book of Carols
3853:Feast of the Seven Fishes
3416:Massacre of the Innocents
3265:
3218:Coat of arms of Ded Moroz
2438:. Fortune. Archived from
1982:[Veliky Ustyug].
1790:– via Google Books.
1640:
1628:
1608:
1588:
1552:
1526:
1454:
1442:
1251:
1226:Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
1077:the gifts are brought by
1073:. Also, in some parts of
945:
925:
852:
836:
796:
685:
677:
518:
484:
228:
216:
204:
70:
31:Father Frost (fairy tale)
4397:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
3210:GLONASS Tracks Ded Moroz
3178:29 December 2014 at the
3121:
3068:
2937:"Amintiri cu Moş Gerilă"
2122:. London. Archived from
1473:. With the onset of the
728:, Ded Moroz is known as
608:GLONASS Tracks Ded Moroz
5032:Christmas gift-bringers
4559:Small Business Saturday
4429:Black Friday (shopping)
4424:Black Friday (partying)
3918:Nine Lessons and Carols
3848:Events and celebrations
2206:"Father Frost: History"
180:. The residence of the
4203:Post-War United States
2550:. Pew Research Center.
1580:
1572:
1547:; Russian diminutive:
1434:
1323:
1317:
1287:
1281:
1218:
1212:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1101:
1083:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
965:
917:
909:
882:Bosnia and Herzegovina
782:
578:
572:
482:Ded Moroz is known as
397:
378:
367:
263:
252:
55:
44:
5062:Belarusian traditions
5042:New Year celebrations
4252:Hit singles in the US
4247:Hit singles in the UK
3808:Carols by Candlelight
3736:Santa Claus' daughter
3344:Adoration of the Magi
1988:Small Towns of Russia
1424:
1142:("the Snow Man") and
1098:
977:breakup of Yugoslavia
975:In Croatia after the
777:
706:Treaty of Turkmenchay
384:
373:
361:
258:
246:
186:Belavezhskaya Pushcha
101:who has his roots in
50:
42:
5027:Christmas characters
4544:Santa's Candy Castle
3868:Google Santa Tracker
3195:12 July 2012 at the
3108:on 20 November 2014.
2820:dedekmraz.talija.com
2442:on 13 September 2010
2371:– via YouTube.
2359:. 31 December 2008.
2126:on 10 September 2011
1544:[dʲetmɐˈros]
1216:("little Jesus") or
878:socialist Yugoslavia
644:Regional differences
554:("Master of Cold").
464:2014 Winter Olympics
193:East Slavic cultures
4549:Santa Claus Village
4464:Christmas Mountains
4370:Journey of the Magi
3376:Baptism of the Lord
3159:. 24 December 2012.
3048:on 13 December 2013
2887:on 11 December 2019
2735:on 26 December 2010
1984:Малые Города России
1841:on 31 December 2010
1629:Деда Мраз/Deda Mraz
1308:abdicated in 1947.
807:, known locally as
801:Belarusian language
762:, the Ded Moroz of
735:and Snegurochka as
299:Aleksandr Ostrovsky
5067:Russian traditions
5037:Holiday characters
4659:Twelve-dish supper
4509:Jews and Christmas
4459:Christmas Lectures
4188:American Civil War
3923:NORAD Tracks Santa
3299:Saint Nicholas Day
2989:2016-03-07 at the
2857:on 3 December 2011
2826:on 6 February 2012
2095:on 28 January 2013
2065:. Vologda Oblast.
2014:Christmas Division
1990:] (in Russian)
1905:Google Print, p.85
1435:
1425:Ded Moroz wearing
1306:Mihai I of Romania
1172:Saint Nicholas Day
1107:
783:
656:and in the former
626:Gregorian calendar
624:(according to the
614:NORAD Tracks Santa
422:Russian Federation
398:
379:
368:
320:Russian Revolution
264:
253:
157:and often rides a
89:figure similar to
56:
45:
5052:Winter traditions
5014:
5013:
4990:
4989:
4654:Thirteen desserts
4574:Virginia O'Hanlon
4419:Advent Conspiracy
4333:Films (Christmas,
4325:A Christmas Carol
4270:Carols for Choirs
3813:Cavalcade of Magi
3793:Boar's Head Feast
3462:Star of Bethlehem
3433:Nativity of Jesus
3421:flight into Egypt
3306:St. Stephen's Day
2942:Evenimentul Zilei
2917:on 7 January 2012
2845:Kubilius, Kerry.
2757:Kubilius, Kerry.
2723:Kubilius, Kerry.
2494:978-1-59884-948-6
2245:on 7 January 2018
2031:Kubilius, Kerry.
2020:on 17 March 2016.
1804:Vyacheslav Ivanov
1649:
1617:
1597:
1561:
1535:
1481:had denied this.
1463:
1370:
1349:
1295:Romanian language
1099:A man dressed as
1056:Isusek, Mali Isus
954:
934:
872:Former Yugoslavia
824:Białowieża Forest
396:on 7 January 2008
249:Soviet propaganda
79:
18:Grandfather Frost
16:(Redirected from
5089:
5047:Slavic mythology
5006:
5002:
5001:
4837:Redcurrant sauce
4626:
4620:
4615:
4589:Winter festivals
4339:Christmas horror
4306:
4217:
4048:
3903:Meals and feasts
3823:Christmas jumper
3770:
3741:Santa's reindeer
3693:
3639:Father Christmas
3603:
3560:Santa's workshop
3481:
3443:in later culture
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3259:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3227:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3161:
3160:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3133:on 24 April 2019
3116:
3110:
3109:
3101:The Moscow Times
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2964:on 15 March 2012
2953:
2947:
2946:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2913:. Archived from
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2853:. Archived from
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2822:. Archived from
2812:
2806:
2805:
2794:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2765:. Archived from
2754:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2731:. Archived from
2720:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2636:on 21 April 2010
2632:. Archived from
2621:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2516:(in Azerbaijani)
2505:
2499:
2498:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2271:. 2 January 2013
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2241:. Archived from
2231:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2182:. Archived from
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2039:. Archived from
2028:
2022:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1956:. Archived from
1945:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1913:
1907:
1889:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1808:Vladimir Toporov
1801:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1738:
1680:Father Christmas
1655:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1630:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1475:Russian invasion
1468:
1458:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1412:
1411:
1395:
1389:
1375:
1369:romanized:
1368:
1366:
1354:
1348:romanized:
1347:
1345:
1326:
1320:
1300:Officially, the
1292:
1284:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1236:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1197:
1187:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1104:
1086:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1051:Central European
1044:
1038:
1032:
1023:Austrian culture
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
959:
949:
947:
939:
929:
927:
867:
861:
855:
854:
845:
839:
838:
821:
812:
798:
790:
764:Turkic mythology
687:
679:
594:Father Christmas
583:
575:
553:
541:
529:
523:
522:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
495:
489:
488:
426:Russian Orthodox
354:In modern Russia
279:
271:spirit of winter
260:Viktor Vasnetsov
230:
218:
206:
103:Slavic mythology
95:Father Christmas
84:
74:
72:
21:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5004:
4986:
4952:Pickled herring
4925:
4894:
4841:
4832:Cranberry sauce
4815:
4794:
4770:Red velvet cake
4755:Poppy seed roll
4673:
4624:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4584:White Christmas
4474:Christmas truce
4469:Christmas seals
4449:Christmas creep
4411:
4409:
4403:
4304:
4298:
4215:
4209:
4046:
4040:
3893:Lord of Misrule
3828:Christmas Peace
3778:Advent calendar
3768:
3762:
3711:Knecht Ruprecht
3691:
3689:
3683:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3396:Herod the Great
3331:
3325:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3197:Wayback Machine
3180:Wayback Machine
3169:
3164:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3003:Якутия - Чисхан
3000:
2996:
2991:Wayback Machine
2984:Якутии – Чисхан
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2796:
2795:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2662:on 23 July 2011
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2568:on 17 July 2011
2560:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2415:on 22 July 2011
2407:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2389:on 22 July 2011
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2265:"A winter bull"
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2235:"Photo Archive"
2233:
2232:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2212:on 15 July 2011
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2186:on 16 July 2011
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2120:The Independent
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1980:"Великий Устюг"
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1960:on 12 July 2012
1947:
1946:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1922:The Independent
1915:
1914:
1910:
1891:Karen Petrone,
1890:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1802:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1487:
1471:Western Ukraine
1466:Sviatyi Mykolai
1419:
1382:
1333:
1273:
1267:
1243:
1228:
1158:, but with the
1093:
874:
832:
772:
756:secular country
722:
702:Eastern Armenia
670:
646:
610:
560:
534:he is known as
509:
506:
503:
500:
476:
414:Mayor of Moscow
356:
344:, published in
342:Pavel Postyshev
308:The Snow Maiden
303:Rimsky-Korsakov
297:in Russian) by
290:The Snow Maiden
273:
247:Anti-Ded Moroz
241:
111:Russian culture
37:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5095:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5019:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4883:Smoking Bishop
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4617:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4571:
4566:
4564:Super Saturday
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4494:Giving Tuesday
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4444:Christmas club
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4342:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4310:
4308:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:Piae Cantiones
4287:
4280:
4273:
4263:
4257:Music charts (
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4221:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
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4200:
4195:
4190:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
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4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
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4099:
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4088:
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4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
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4042:
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4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3953:
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3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3726:Père Fouettard
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3692:Saint Nicholas
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Grandpa Indian
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3612:Saint Nicholas
3608:
3606:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:Old Man Winter
3547:
3542:
3537:
3535:Miner's figure
3532:
3527:
3522:
3520:Kallikantzaros
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3450:Nativity scene
3447:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3285:Children's Day
3281:
3274:
3271:Blue Christmas
3266:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3187:
3182:
3168:
3167:External links
3165:
3163:
3162:
3144:
3111:
3087:
3059:
3027:
3006:
2994:
2975:
2948:
2928:
2911:Romania Libera
2898:
2868:
2837:
2807:
2780:
2769:on 7 July 2011
2746:
2715:
2700:
2689:(1): 173–188.
2673:
2647:
2630:The Sofia Echo
2616:
2605:
2579:
2553:
2536:
2527:
2500:
2493:
2475:
2453:
2426:
2400:
2374:
2348:
2326:
2304:
2282:
2256:
2239:gov.karelia.ru
2223:
2197:
2166:
2137:
2106:
2080:
2054:
2043:on 7 July 2011
2023:
2001:
1971:
1935:
1908:
1881:
1864:
1852:
1826:
1793:
1779:
1759:
1748:on 7 July 2011
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1698:Old Man Winter
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1564:Dedushka Moroz
1513:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1486:
1483:
1455:Святий Миколай
1447:Saint Nicholas
1418:
1415:
1396:("Snowball").
1381:
1378:
1332:
1331:Sakha Republic
1329:
1302:New Year's Day
1266:
1263:
1242:
1239:
1227:
1224:
1190:Saint Nicholas
1092:
1089:
1070:Djed Božićnjak
1042:Djed Božićnjak
1012:Djed Božićnjak
1000:Djed Božićnjak
988:Djed Božićnjak
873:
870:
831:
828:
810:Śviaty Mikałaj
805:Saint Nicholas
771:
768:
741:New Year's Eve
721:
718:
694:Russian Empire
669:
666:
645:
642:
638:Vologda Oblast
622:New Year's Eve
609:
606:
598:Saint Nicholas
588:"), and other
559:
556:
507:Winter Old Man
475:
472:
406:Vologda Oblast
386:Vladimir Putin
355:
352:
318:Following the
240:
237:
178:Vologda Oblast
163:New Year's Eve
123:Soviet culture
91:Saint Nicholas
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5094:
5083:
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4983:
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4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
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4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:Meat and fish
4928:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4868:Hot chocolate
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
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4838:
4835:
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4778:
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4756:
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4708:
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4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4569:Ugly sweaters
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
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4547:
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4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:Controversies
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
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4406:
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4388:
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4364:
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4358:
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4353:
4350:
4346:
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4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4314:In literature
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4278:
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4264:
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4212:
4204:
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4183:United States
4181:
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4176:
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4019:
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4009:
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4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
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3987:
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3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Moravian star
3911:
3909:
3908:Midnight Mass
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
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3854:
3851:
3849:
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3836:
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3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:Candle arches
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Advent wreath
3786:
3784:
3783:Advent candle
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
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3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:Companions of
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
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3645:
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3640:
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3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:Gift-bringers
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
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3528:
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3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3474:
3468:
3467:Twelfth Night
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3428:Nativity Fast
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Christmastide
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Angel Gabriel
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3339:Biblical Magi
3337:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3294:
3292:Christmas Eve
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
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3211:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3194:
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3174:
3171:
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3158:
3154:
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3132:
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3115:
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3102:
3097:
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3075:
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3060:
3047:
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3028:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3010:
3007:
3004:
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2979:
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2943:
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2929:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2886:
2882:
2881:mongolnews.mn
2878:
2872:
2869:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:"Dobri možje"
2811:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2793:
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2787:
2785:
2781:
2768:
2764:
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2719:
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2711:
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2648:
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2627:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2567:
2563:
2562:"Dzied Maroz"
2557:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2496:
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2292:
2286:
2283:
2270:
2269:Russia Beyond
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2257:
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2240:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
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2138:
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2110:
2107:
2094:
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2084:
2081:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1909:
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1901:0-253-33768-2
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1780:9781576070635
1776:
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1559:
1553:Дедушка Мороз
1550:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1503:Valentine Day
1500:
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1247:socialist era
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1234:
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1214:
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1207:
1201:
1200:Christmas Eve
1196:
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1173:
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1097:
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430:
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402:Veliky Ustyug
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394:Veliky Ustyug
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362:Ded Moroz in
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4725:Melomakarono
4593:
4484:Cyber Monday
4389:
4354:
4323:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4265:Music books
4258:
4096:Nazi Germany
3988:
3984:Secret Santa
3971:
3858:Flying Santa
3633:
3565:Tió de Nadal
3515:Korvatunturi
3366:Annunciation
3332:Christianity
3313:Sol Invictus
3221:(in Russian)
3213:(in Russian)
3205:(in Russian)
3156:
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3131:the original
3126:
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2057:
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2041:the original
2036:
2026:
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2013:
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1987:
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1974:
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1958:the original
1953:
1926:. Retrieved
1921:
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1892:
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1862:. In Russian
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:the original
1829:
1784:. Retrieved
1773:. ABC-CLIO.
1769:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1581:Dziadek Mróz
1517:
1499:Soviet Union
1488:
1436:
1405:
1398:
1383:
1356:
1335:
1334:
1310:
1299:
1274:
1258:Övliin Övgön
1252:Өвлийн өвгөн
1244:
1229:
1164:Soviet Union
1108:
1084:Sveta Lucija
1029:Sveti Nikola
974:
875:
865:Dyado Koleda
843:Dyado Koleda
833:
815:
784:
751:
748:
744:
736:
732:
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723:
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686:Ձյունանուշիկ
671:
660:. After the
654:Eastern bloc
647:
630:
611:
563:
561:
477:
457:
434:The western
433:
410:Yury Luzhkov
399:
345:
327:
317:
306:
294:
288:
282:
265:
232:
220:
208:
190:
167:
148:
142:
138:Father Frost
137:
133:
62:
58:
57:
53:Ivan Bilibin
26:
4957:Roast goose
4878:Mulled wine
4858:Champurrado
4853:Apple cider
4827:Bread sauce
4780:Szaloncukor
4760:Pumpkin pie
4710:Gingerbread
4664:Smörgåsbord
4305:Other media
4143:Philippines
4133:New Zealand
4016:Twelve Days
3973:Räuchermann
3928:Nutcrackers
3878:Las Posadas
3838:Decorations
3818:Christingle
3758:Zwarte Piet
3753:Snegurochka
3674:Sinterklaas
3624:Santa Claus
3127:Комментарии
3074:РИА Новости
3052:12 December
2968:26 November
2891:11 December
2861:26 November
2773:26 November
2739:26 November
2683:Traditiones
2666:26 November
2640:26 November
2598:26 November
2572:26 November
2520:6 September
2508:modern.az.
2468:27 November
2446:20 November
2419:27 November
2393:27 November
2367:25 November
2341:25 November
2319:25 November
2297:25 November
2275:25 February
2216:25 November
2190:25 November
2159:25 November
2130:27 November
2099:27 November
2047:27 November
1928:12 December
1878:Fir Markets
1845:26 November
1819: [
1752:26 November
1716:Snegurochka
1686:Sinterklaas
1635:Дедо Мраз;
1633:Macedonian:
1600:Dzied Maroz
1410:Snegurochka
1387:Boboi Barfi
1324:Moş Crăciun
1282:Moş Crăciun
1151:babica Zima
1145:oca Triglav
1139:Sneženi mož
1113:, the name
1105:in Slovenia
837:Дядо Коледа
819:Dzied Maroz
788:Dzied Maroz
780:Snegurochka
690:Snegurochka
650:former USSR
604:, Germany.
590:Santa Claus
564:Dzied Maroz
449:Snegurochka
440:post-Soviet
436:Santa Claus
295:Snegurochka
287:. The play
285:Santa Claus
274: [
229:Снігуронька
209:Snegurochka
197:Snegurochka
155:magic stick
107:East Slavic
99:Santa Claus
51:Morozko by
5021:Categories
4685:Candy cane
4634:Joulupöytä
4534:Pikkujoulu
4198:New Mexico
4047:By country
4021:Wassailing
3962:Poinsettia
3769:Traditions
3721:Mrs. Claus
3701:Belsnickel
3654:Julemanden
3649:Joulupukki
3580:Wenceslaus
3545:North Pole
3510:Jack Frost
3500:Christkind
3455:Neapolitan
3278:Boxing Day
1724:References
1704:Moș Gerilă
1692:Jack Frost
1652:Djado Mraz
1589:Дзед Мароз
1585:Belarusian
1491:Uzbekistan
1485:Uzbekistan
1380:Tajikistan
1373:Kharchaana
1357:Khaarchana
1318:Moş Gerilă
1311:After the
1289:Moş Gerilă
1271:Moș Gerilă
1269:See also:
1206:Christkind
1160:Informbiro
1128:Dedek Mraz
1122:Dedek Mraz
1102:Dedek Mraz
1079:Saint Lucy
966:Dedek Mraz
922:Macedonian
910:Djeda Mraz
890:Montenegro
859:Dyado Mraz
797:Дзед Мароз
793:Belarusian
726:Azerbaijan
720:Azerbaijan
696:after the
658:Yugoslavia
580:Joulupukki
550:Chys Khaan
470:, Russia.
233:Snihurońka
213:Belarusian
205:Снегурочка
182:Belarusian
4972:Tourtière
4962:Romeritos
4899:Dumplings
4846:Beverages
4750:Pecan pie
4740:Panettone
4735:Pampushka
4730:Mince pie
4705:Fruitcake
4649:Réveillon
4529:NFL games
4524:NBA games
4519:In August
4489:Economics
4259:Billboard
4113:Indonesia
4056:Australia
4031:Yule goat
4006:Stockings
3940:Ornaments
3669:Père Noël
3664:Olentzero
3659:Noel Baba
3634:Ded Moroz
3590:Yule Lads
3530:Mari Lwyd
3381:Bethlehem
3258:Christmas
3080:3 January
3041:Asia-Plus
2921:1 January
2851:About.com
2763:About.com
2729:About.com
2514:modern.az
1710:Noel Baba
1646:romanized
1641:Дядо Мраз
1637:Bulgarian
1620:Did Moroz
1614:romanized
1609:Дід Мороз
1605:Ukrainian
1594:romanized
1573:Dedo Mráz
1558:romanized
1538:Ded Moroz
1532:romanized
1527:Дед Мороз
1460:romanized
1451:Ukrainian
1443:Дід Мороз
1439:Ukrainian
1429:sharovary
1352:Chyskhaan
1336:Chyskhaan
1277:Christmas
1176:Christmas
1116:Ded Moroz
1063:Kriskindl
1036:Djed Mraz
1018:Djed Mraz
1006:Djed Mraz
994:Djed Mraz
982:Djed Mraz
957:Deda Mraz
951:romanized
946:Деда Мраз
937:Dedo Mraz
931:romanized
926:Дедо Мраз
918:Djed Mraz
894:Macedonia
853:Дядо Мраз
799:) in the
586:Yule Goat
573:Jõuluvana
538:Yamal Iri
527:Qış Babay
520:Кыш бабай
493:Qïš babay
486:Ҡыш бабай
453:Baba Yaga
324:bourgeois
225:Ukrainian
221:Sniahurka
119:communist
87:legendary
76:romanized
59:Ded Moroz
43:Ded Moroz
5005:Category
4976:meat pie
4967:Stuffing
4921:Varenyky
4790:Yule log
4765:Qurabiya
4639:Julebord
4612:Food and
4539:SantaCon
4504:El Gordo
4391:Yule Log
4163:Scotland
4076:Ethiopia
4061:Colombia
4036:Yule log
3990:Spanbaum
3967:Pyramids
3833:Crackers
3731:Sack Man
3617:folklore
3585:Yule cat
3490:Badalisc
3480:folklore
3391:Epiphany
3193:Archived
3176:Archived
3157:BBC News
2987:Archived
2802:24ur.com
2592:Archived
2361:Archived
2180:CBS News
2154:CBS News
2067:Archived
1924:. London
1662:See also
1495:New Year
1401:Dushanbe
1365:Харчаана
1241:Mongolia
1233:Ayaz Ata
1213:Jezušček
1210:(called
1180:New Year
1133:dormouse
1111:Slovenia
1091:Slovenia
1075:Dalmatia
970:New Year
914:Croatian
902:Slovenia
850:), with
830:Bulgaria
760:Ayaz Ata
737:Qar Qızı
714:Epiphany
682:Armenian
678:Ձմեռ Պապ
674:Armenian
462:for the
366:, Russia
338:Novy God
313:libretto
217:Снягурка
145:fur coat
85:), is a
4911:Pierogi
4906:Hallaca
4811:Borscht
4775:Stollen
4745:Pavlova
4720:Makówki
4700:Cozonac
4669:Wigilia
4554:Scrooge
4514:In July
4412:society
4344:Poetry
4178:Ukraine
4153:Romania
4118:Ireland
4108:Iceland
4103:Hungary
4091:Germany
4081:Finland
4071:England
4066:Denmark
4026:Windows
3957:Piñatas
3945:Parades
3898:Markets
3883:Letters
3873:Hampers
3716:Krampus
3555:Perchta
3495:Caganer
3021:Reuters
2830:2 April
2249:2 April
1786:2 April
1648::
1625:Serbian
1616::
1596::
1560::
1549:Russian
1534::
1523:Russian
1462::
1417:Ukraine
1344:Чысхаан
1265:Romania
1219:Božiček
1195:Božiček
1185:Miklavž
1168:Triglav
1156:Siberia
1047:Krampus
962:Slovene
953::
942:Serbian
933::
906:Bosnian
886:Croatia
770:Belarus
749:Yeni il
700:, when
668:Armenia
618:GLONASS
568:détente
501:
480:Bashkir
420:of the
412:, then
293:(named
201:Russian
150:valenki
82:Morozko
78::
71:Морозко
67:Russian
63:Morozko
4982:Turkey
4916:Tamale
4873:Kissel
4863:Eggnog
4820:Sauces
4806:Menudo
4785:Turrón
4695:Cookie
4678:Sweets
4644:Kūčios
4625:Dinner
4499:Grinch
4410:modern
4377:Tomten
4336:Santa,
4319:novels
4237:Operas
4225:Carols
4193:Hawaii
4173:Sweden
4168:Serbia
4158:Russia
4148:Poland
4138:Norway
4128:Mexico
4086:France
4001:Stamps
3996:Szopka
3888:Lights
3843:Didukh
3679:Others
3629:Befana
3575:Vertep
3438:in art
3406:Joseph
3356:Advent
3137:2 July
2491:
2073:2 July
1994:2 July
1964:2 July
1899:
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1577:Polish
1569:Slovak
1393:Barfak
900:, and
898:Serbia
880:(i.e.
848:Koleda
596:, and
532:Nenets
512:), in
460:mascot
444:Slavic
376:Samara
347:Pravda
334:Soviet
268:Slavic
251:, 1928
170:Russia
159:troika
115:Soviet
97:, and
4715:Kutia
4614:drink
4242:Songs
4216:Music
4123:Italy
3979:Seals
3933:dolls
3863:Gifts
3803:Cards
3706:Elves
3570:Turoń
3540:Nisse
3505:Grýla
3401:Jesus
2548:(PDF)
1986:[
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1812:Мороз
1509:Notes
1361:Yakut
1340:Yakut
997:with
752:ağacı
745:Yolka
730:Şaxta
602:Celle
544:Yakut
514:Tatar
468:Sochi
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329:kulak
311:with
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130:Moroz
117:era,
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4937:Carp
4799:Soup
4690:Cake
4601:Xmas
4230:list
4011:Tree
3950:list
3411:Mary
3320:Yule
3139:2024
3082:2016
3054:2013
2970:2010
2923:2012
2893:2019
2863:2010
2832:2018
2775:2010
2741:2010
2668:2010
2642:2010
2600:2010
2574:2010
2522:2024
2489:ISBN
2470:2010
2448:2010
2421:2010
2395:2010
2369:2010
2343:2010
2321:2010
2299:2010
2277:2018
2251:2018
2218:2010
2192:2010
2161:2010
2132:2010
2101:2010
2075:2024
2049:2010
1996:2024
1966:2024
1930:2010
1897:ISBN
1847:2010
1788:2018
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