2791:
2518:
2878:
226:
209:
4088:
4595:
517:
1234:
1024:
4280:
545:
935:
195:
1187:
1600:
3257:
1750:
492:
880:
1163:
2584:. Judith, who had previously been married to two English kings, refused her father's command to return to him. After mediation by the pope, the Frankish king reconciled with his son-in-law, and gave him the title of margrave, and the corresponding feudal territories as dowry. Margrave was primarily a military appointment and some versions of the story theorize that King Charles made Baldwin Margrave in the hope that he would be killed by the Vikings.
2618:
2100:
2874:(1305) Flanders lost Lille, Douai, and Orchies to France and had to pay exorbitant fines but retained their independence as a fief of the French kingdom. During this period, Flanders experienced a period of relative prosperity with its strong cloth industry and diverse artwork. Trade in Flanders was so extensive that statues of the Madonna and Child were made in Flanders with ivory, which was accessible only by the Indian Ocean trade networks.
1138:
1093:
1071:
953:
899:
1332:
1288:
2079:. The duchy presumably included the bishoprics of Boulogne, Thérouanne, Arras, Tournai, Cambrai and Noyon: thus, the northwestern region between the North Sea and the Silva Carbonaria, an area the outlines of which were very similar to the later Flanders. The duchy was primarily intended to serve as a military and strategic deterrent against Frisian and Saxon invasions, and was a cornerstone in the military defense of the
916:
987:
2526:
1366:
1315:
1044:
4449:
970:
3128:
2333:
36:
1346:
1005:
573:
559:
3016:
1255:
531:
1123:
2923:
2185:. He appointed several devoted missionaries from the southern parts of his kingdom to his royal domains in the northern parts of his kingdom. The missionaries were tasked with founding monasteries and abbeys there, that were to serve as centers of Christianity in a pagan region. From these centers, the conversion of the local populace could be started.
1202:
2587:
Initially the French kings meant to secure the safety of the northern French border from Viking invasions with this act. The counts, however, made good use of the crisis situation by incorporating the surrounding plundered territories into the county. The counts expanded the influence of the original
2153:
The colonisation and germanisation of
Flanders took place primarily in the 6th and 7th centuries. In the 7th century the population-level had risen sufficiently to start rebuilding the religious, military and administrative infrastructure. In the area of linguistics, the situation stabilised so that
3069:
The Low
Countries held an important place in the Empire. For Charles personally, they were the region where he spent his childhood. Because of trade and industry and the rich cities, they were also important for the treasury. Lordship transferred to the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg with
2034:
The first wave of immigration in the present day
Flemish territory was accompanied by limited Christianisation. In the wake of the immigrants, missionaries tried to convert the heathen population, but had little success. The bishoprics were reinstated, usually with the same natural borders of the
2545:
from the south. All left trails of destruction. The central authorities of the two
Frankish kingdoms were unable to organise an effective defensive, causing the population to lose faith and trust in their far-removed rulers. In the wake of this power vacuum, local powerful individuals saw their
1575:
which referred to waterlogged land. According to
Toorians, the strength of this proposal is that it would describe the salt marshes and mud flats of this low-lying coastal region. It was regularly inundated, before the development of dykes which started around 1050. However, a weak point of the
225:
2704:. He abandoned the title "Marquis of Flanders", which had been used alongside the comital style since the 10th century. The counts of Flanders were the last French lords using the title marquis, which would not be used again in France until 1504. After a short interlude under
1492:, which was split up between 1830 and 1839 into the modern countries of Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. The territories of the old county are now the only part of the late medieval French kingdom outside of modern-day France, Catalonia having been renounced in 1258.
3365:
From 1840 onwards, the title "Count of
Flanders" has been appropriated by the monarchy of Belgium. As a rule it was given to the second in line of succession to the Belgian throne. The title of count of Flanders was abolished by royal decision on 16 October 2001.
2608:
to the south, which remained part of
Flanders until it became a separate county in 1237. After that date, the county of Artois at various times still came under the dominion of the count of Flanders as a separate title, until it was absorbed by the French crown.
2826:
became the most important transit-port for French wine in the 12th century. These were the centuries of the breakthrough of the
Flemish merchants, with their trade with England, the Baltic area and South-West France, as well as the land routes to the
2063:
and
Tournai. However, these bishoprics failed to survive independently. In the late 6th century the bishopric of Arras was connected to that of Cambrai, and at the start of the 7th century the same was done to the bishoprics of Tournai and
2881:
A Flemish lady and gentleman in the year 1400, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by
1611:
in
Belgium, but even there, it extends beyond the present provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders. Some of the historic county is now part of France and the Netherlands. The land covered by the county is spread out over:
3300:. Just like the other parts of the Austrian Netherlands, the county of Flanders declared its independence. This took place on the Friday-market at Ghent on 4 January 1790. The "Manifest van Vlaenderen" was drawn up by
2727:
into Flanders through the inheritance of his wife. The territories he controlled now came to within 25 kilometers of Paris, and were larger than the territories his feudal lord, the French king, directly controlled.
3740:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]"
4406:
1812:, where, in 1177, he supposedly conquered it from a Saracen knight, but this is a myth. The simple fact that the lion appeared on his personal seal since 1163, when he had not yet taken one step in the
4054:
2790:
1903:
was used as a defense perimeter. In the south the Gallo-Romanic population was able to maintain itself, while the north became a no-mans land that also suffered from regular floods from the
3924:
3739:
2862:. Increasingly powerful in the 12th century, the territory's autonomous urban centres were instrumental in defeating the French invasion attempt, defeating the French at the
1951:
further expanded into the Roman empire. The first incursion into the lands of the Atrebates was turned away in 448 at Vicus Helena. But after the murder of the Roman general
2672:. Though the majority of Flemish nobles was absent for four years, law and order was kept thanks to the steady leadership of countess Clementia and the advocacy of bishop
2665:
2517:
2561:, led by the Forestiers dynasty, who had been appointed by Charlemagne, who had made a small contribution by uniting small feudal territories in the higher parts of the
208:
1292:
4279:
2993:
2132:. New groups of germanic settlers also came in from the Netherlands and Germany. Their new settlements often received the name of their germanic leader, with
4916:
4697:
4076:
2373:, he spent much time travelling through his territories. In 811 he inspected the fleet that he had ordered built in Boulogne and Ghent, to protect against
2482:
After the Middle-Frankish kings died out, the rulers of the West and East-Frankish Kingdoms divided the Middle-Frankish kingdom amongst themselves in the
4437:
2877:
3098:
3007:
established peace between France and the Habsburgs; per the terms of the treaty, Flanders would henceforth be a territory of the Holy Roman Empire.
2831:
and Italy though later only the yearly fairs of Champagne. Flanders's flourishing trading towns made it one of the most urbanised parts of Europe.
1576:
proposal is that the Germanic wordforms which it requires are not found in any records of Dutch or its dialects. Comparison was instead based upon
4046:
2181:
had largely failed. Thus, in the 8th century a different strategy was chosen. A new Christianisation attempt was made under influence from King
2369:
in Neustria and Austrasia, and after the death of his brother Karloman he was able to reunite the entire Frankish Empire. Though he resided in
3520:
Album Prof. Dr. Frank Baur. Den jubilaris bij zijn zestigsten verjaardag als huldeblijk aangeboden door collega's vakgenoten en oud-leerlingen
2723:
In the second half of the 12th century, the county went through a period of great prosperity when Philip of Alsace managed to incorporate the
4008:
3980:
3628:
3584:
2040:
1791:("Flanders, the Lion") plays a crucial role in the forming of a Flemish consciousness, which was popularised in the 19th century by the book
4371:
4594:
3346:
the county was not restored, and instead the two departments continued their existence as the provinces of East and West Flanders in the
4931:
53:
2859:
2447:. Even during Louis' life his three sons started fighting over his heritage. They eventually concluded multiple treaties, of which the
4848:
2003:
The abandoned coast and Scheldt region had been partially repopulated since the 4th century by Saxons and Franks from the east of the
1567:
1434:, made Flanders one of the most affluent regions in Europe, and also gave them strong international connections to trading partners.
3953:
3904:
3887:
3774:
3660:
3350:
2048:
1489:
1305:
119:
4314:
3272:
After the extinction of the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs, the Austrian branch of the Habsburgs became counts of Flanders. Under
2108:
i.e. "shires" of Flanders, reunion of the former marquisate of Flanders, showing all the lands subsequently reclaimed from the sea.
2380:
The region comprising future Flanders was, from an economic point of view, a flourishing region, with a series of ports along the
3555:
Bulletin d'Information de la Société Belge d'Études Celtiques / Nieuwsbericht van het Belgisch Genootschap voor Keltische Studies
2989:
100:
3504:
2166:, which had been densely populated a long time, a language barrier had emerged in the 6th–7th century, but in the 9th century a
4069:
2576:, who became count in 862, and a romantic anecdote is connected to this: Baldwin eloped with the daughter of the Frankish king
2060:
395:
72:
4749:
1840:
in his personal arms. In Europe the lion had been a well-known figure since Roman times, through works such as the fables of
1832:
and other territories. The lion as a heraldic symbol was mostly used in border territories and neighbouring countries of the
1816:, disproves it. In reality Philip was following a West-European trend. In the same period lions also appeared in the arms of
1465:
from 1384, which eventually complicated its relationship with France. Most of the county became part of the empire after the
407:
57:
2954:
2867:
2027:. They adapted to the local Gallo-Romanic population. From the 6th century on the no-mans-land farther north was filled by
4744:
4430:
3289:
3032:
2894:
Flemish prosperity waned in the following century, however, owing to widespread European population decline following the
2637:
2506:
79:
1466:
194:
4941:
4936:
4794:
4781:
4739:
4415:
2653:
2573:
2044:
1792:
1028:
442:
4946:
4921:
4911:
3261:
3110:
2835:
2633:
2351:
succeeded in removing the Merovingians from power and obtaining the throne for themselves. The last Merovingian king,
1780:
1523:. The work was written before 684 but has been known only since 725. This work mentions only the place "in Flandris".
1470:
920:
2221:
4872:
4000:
Reform, Conflict, and the Shaping of Corporate Identities: Collected Studies on Benedictine Monasticism, 1050 - 1150
2648:
in the 11th and 12th centuries were some of the most effective and well-respected knights of Europe even before the
2501:
In the north these two powers were separated by the Scheldt river, which had previously separated West Francia from
86:
4787:
4724:
4062:
3411:
3051:
2863:
1784:
1603:
Topographic map of the county of Flanders at the end of the 14th century, the French-Imperial border marked in red
46:
3914:
Korte geschiedenis van het ontstaan van het graafschap Vlaanderen van Boudewijn de IJzeren tot Robrecht den Fries
3296:, which constituted the territories given back by France to the Emperor, were two of the founding members of the
3265:
2554:
1411:
259:
1891:
conquered the area around 54 BC and the population was partially romanised from the 1st to the 3rd century. The
1783:, count of Flanders from 1168 to 1191; a climbing or rampant black lion on a gold field. In the story about the
1233:
4776:
4423:
4396:
3435:
3429:
3311:
The county of Flanders officially ceased to exist in 1795, when it was annexed by France, and divided into two
3297:
3273:
2946:
2887:
2871:
2142:
1802:
1776:
1770:
1663:
1191:
1023:
214:
68:
1571:, meaning stream, current, flood or eddy. Based on this, it is proposed that there was a proto-Germanic term
4858:
3441:
3405:
3375:
2968:
The cities of Ghent and Bruges had previously operated virtually as city-states, and upon the death of duke
2693:
2641:
2356:
707:
1861:
formed an important Celtic settlement. During the times of Julius Caesar, the inhabitants were part of the
1449:). Aside from this, the counts, from the 11th century onward, held land east of the river as a fief of the
4501:
4348:
4209:
4175:
3447:
3347:
3336:
3293:
2677:
2601:
2174:
2056:
1488:
in 1815, these territories, including most of the old county of Flanders, passed to the newly established
1462:
1075:
934:
510:
4853:
4843:
4604:
4141:
3817:
3535:
3459:
3312:
3301:
3054:, the County of Flanders was officially detached from France. It became an independent territory of the
2934:
2858:, became count of Flanders. The king of France wanted to definitively conquer Flanders, and started the
2731:
During the rule of the House of Alsace, cities developed and new institutions were formed. The ports of
2657:
2425:
2197:
1607:
The geography of the historic County of Flanders only partially overlaps with the present-day region of
1481:
1319:
1260:
455:
3864:
Toponymisch woordenboek van België, Nederland, Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en West-Duitsland (voor 1226)
3381:
2899:
2558:
2429:
2306:
2217:
3387:
1186:
4716:
4367:
4355:
4260:
4201:
4110:
3766:
Monarchies, States Generals and Parliaments: The Netherlands in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
3620:
3572:
3453:
3305:
3277:
3222:
3117:
3094:
3024:
2724:
1821:
1477:
1206:
1167:
1097:
364:
3399:
3240:, the entire southern part of Flanders was annexed by France, and became known as South-Flanders or
2562:
1749:
4762:
4341:
4183:
4105:
3518:
Dhondt; Gysseling (1948), "Vlaanderen, oorspronkelijke ligging en etymologie", in De Smaele (ed.),
3484:
3423:
3324:
3136:
3059:
2981:
2736:
2565:. The forestiers dynasty also strengthened the hold of the church on the relatively desolate area.
2348:
2080:
1960:
1754:
1268:
1142:
1105:
1048:
552:
428:
3726:"The Indian Ocean Trade: A Classroom Simulation » African Studies Center – Boston University"
1599:
4828:
4734:
4729:
4516:
4392:
4379:
4306:
4296:
4252:
4136:
3505:"Medieval Flanders was a cultural crossroads full of multilingualism - News - Utrecht University"
3393:
3354:
3332:
3245:
3071:
2980:, Charles' daughter and successor. In 1482 this last Burgundian ruler died, making her young son
2855:
2597:
2581:
2483:
2437:
2205:
1798:
1719:
1640:
1630:
1527:
1485:
1415:
1245:
790:
3256:
2312:
2288:
2267:
2091:, but after the restoration of the Austrasian dual-monarchy in 622–623, the duchy was returned.
93:
4926:
4669:
4572:
4481:
4375:
4242:
4191:
4170:
4149:
4128:
4120:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4004:
3976:
3949:
3900:
3883:
3858:
3845:
3770:
3656:
3624:
3580:
3471:
3343:
3148:
3140:
3106:
3055:
3040:
2997:
2985:
2942:
2926:
2839:
2760:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2689:
2495:
2433:
2201:
2099:
1956:
1952:
1833:
1825:
1758:
1670:
1547:
1450:
1419:
1407:
1238:
1162:
991:
903:
679:
538:
376:
263:
243:
235:
2521:
Institution of Baldwin I, the first count of Flanders by Charles the Bald, the Frankish king.
4833:
4823:
4818:
4802:
4771:
4645:
4537:
4521:
4363:
4247:
4219:
4214:
4157:
3465:
3316:
3183:
3102:
3004:
2977:
2969:
2962:
2950:
2851:
2799:
2717:
2697:
2673:
2626:
2605:
2577:
2538:
2464:
2448:
2129:
2036:
2008:
1900:
1829:
1817:
1731:
1704:
1692:
1686:
1403:
939:
783:
566:
312:
200:
1857:
The future county of Flanders had been inhabited since prehistory. During the Iron Age the
1137:
1092:
1070:
952:
4702:
4657:
4511:
4384:
4359:
4265:
3825:
3612:
3241:
3132:
3082:
2973:
2958:
2938:
2661:
2444:
2366:
2159:
1988:
1723:
1696:
1659:
1577:
1009:
898:
884:
879:
765:
348:
327:
161:
2806:
and Italy over land. The wool trade with England was of special importance to the rising
2763:. Aside from colonisation, the ports also functioned to reduce the silting of the rivers
2011:
and language. In the 5th century Salic Franks settled in present-day Northern-France and
2617:
1331:
1287:
4838:
4476:
4233:
4161:
4153:
4041:
3809:
3540:
Verslagen en Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor Taal- en Letterkunde
3417:
2883:
2807:
2652:. They were known to be chivalrous but lax on enforcing religious norms. Nevertheless,
2502:
2456:
2409:
1919:
1836:. It was in all likelihood a way of showing independence from the emperor, who used an
1735:
1682:
1562:
1127:
915:
852:
822:
665:
524:
353:
307:
175:
147:
3725:
2902:(1338–1453), and increased English cloth production. Flemish weavers had gone over to
4905:
4633:
4621:
3652:
3553:
Toorians, Lauran (2021), "Een etymologie voor Vlaanderen, waar de wol vandaan komt",
3328:
3320:
3090:
3063:
3044:
3020:
2945:, made an end to the independence of Flanders. Flanders became the possession of the
2907:
2705:
2669:
2593:
2352:
2225:
2163:
2113:
1976:
1948:
1888:
1708:
1624:
1620:
1509:
1391:
743:
698:
619:
322:
231:
17:
1711:
department): removed from Flanders in 1191 and created as independent county in 1237
4562:
4547:
3644:
3135:, with its five départements as formed in the Revolution, colored according to the
3086:
2491:
2487:
2460:
2452:
2393:
2265:
from the 7th and 8th centuries would form the basis of the county of Flanders. The
2167:
1762:
986:
830:
302:
2525:
2212:. The Christianisation of the population was mainly the work of missionaries like
2047:, while the Scheldt again became the border between the bishoprics of Cambrai and
1940:, remained functional until about 420. These forts were manned by Saxon soldiers.
1365:
1314:
1043:
3998:
3970:
3764:
2533:
Militarily, economically and politically, Europe went through a deep crisis. The
4567:
3101:. Originally Flanders cooperated with the northern provinces as a member of the
3078:
2895:
2819:
2794:
Map of Flanders and Hainault after comtesse Jeanne de Constantinople (1200–1244)
2764:
2622:
2547:
2362:
2345:
2337:
2112:
At the end of the 6th and the 7th century a new inflow emerged from the western
2084:
2031:
from the Rhinelands and other Germanic groups from the Netherlands and Germany.
1980:
1936:
1837:
1480:, the successor of the Burgundian Netherlands, was acquired by France under the
1418:
held the most northerly part of the kingdom, and were among the original twelve
1336:
845:
644:
604:
421:
35:
3617:
Empires of the Steppes: A History of the Nomadic Tribes Who Shaped Civilization
2546:
chance. Often these individuals were the descendants of people associated with
1422:
of France. For centuries, the economic activity of the Flemish cities, such as
969:
3236:
Flanders stayed under Spanish control. Through the efforts of the French king
3127:
2823:
2815:
2776:
2732:
2472:
2332:
2193:
2182:
2117:
1892:
1858:
1644:
1370:
1345:
317:
4887:
4874:
3870:
3237:
3156:
2828:
2811:
2803:
2744:
2468:
2413:
2155:
2088:
1984:
1944:
1931:
1904:
1882:
1809:
1648:
1395:
1254:
800:
369:
297:
247:
3159:. Apart from the territories mentioned above in the text, tiny amounts of
3015:
2636:
became count of Flanders after his successful rebellion against his nephew
1004:
4692:
4577:
4552:
4454:
4229:
3144:
2903:
2649:
2569:
2467:, included the original county of Flanders, that spanned roughly between
2417:
2076:
2072:
2016:
2012:
1992:
1983:
is recorded in 463 as king of Tournay and ally of the Romans against the
1808:
It is said that Philip of Alsace brought the lion flag with him from the
1608:
957:
658:
2922:
2451:, signed in 843, would be the definitive treaty. These treaties created
27:
Historical territory in present-day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands
4674:
4650:
4557:
4542:
3213:
3174:
3164:
2911:
2752:
2748:
2542:
2534:
2476:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2229:
2213:
2189:
2020:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1911:
1896:
1870:
1865:, a collective name for all Celtic and Germanic tribes in the north of
1727:
1678:
1674:
1438:
1399:
1350:
1122:
651:
594:
266:
2486:
in 870. Now Western Europe had been divided into two sides: the solid
2359:
in St. Omer, and his long hair, a symbol of royal power, was cut off.
4662:
4626:
4288:
3192:
3160:
3152:
2784:
2756:
2645:
2374:
2370:
2178:
2125:
2121:
2052:
2028:
1923:
1878:
1874:
1862:
1813:
1634:
1505:
1427:
864:
736:
633:
626:
599:
276:
239:
3972:
Bishops, Authority and Community in Northwestern Europe, c.1050–1150
3370:
Important treaties and battles which involved the County of Flanders
2490:(the later France) and the loose confederation of principalities of
1201:
2822:
with England and through Holland with Hamburg were also important.
2104:
4638:
4330:
3126:
3036:
2921:
2789:
2780:
2740:
2616:
2524:
2516:
2405:
2385:
2331:
2209:
2098:
2065:
2024:
2004:
1927:
1841:
1748:
1598:
1437:
Up to 1477, the core area under French suzerainty was west of the
1431:
1423:
497:
332:
284:
280:
2424:. Moreover, the region included a number of rich abbeys, such as
2173:
The Christianisation attempts in the 6th century by bishops like
1959:
in 455, the Salic Franks encountered hardly any resistance. From
3850:(1948): "Vlaanderen, oorspronkelijke ligging en etymologie", in
3292:. In 1790 the county of Flanders and a separate province called
2772:
2768:
2421:
2245:
1866:
1390:
was one of the most powerful political entities in the medieval
4419:
4058:
2292:
at the end of the century. From the 8th century we know of the
1757:'s coronation. The count of Flanders was one of the 12 ancient
2818:
testify) came from the drapery industry. Aside from this, the
29:
2787:. Biervliet also served as a counter to Hollandic influence.
1801:. As a result, the arms of the county live on as arms of the
4027:(1942): "De graven van Vlaanderen en hun domein, 864–1191",
3109:
in 1581, but from 1579 to 1585, in the period known as the "
2170:-movement started that has continued until the present day.
3922:(1941–1942): "Het ontstaan van het vorstendom Vlaanderen",
1761:
or "equals" of the King of France. (1455 panel painting by
1461:). The county joined its Low Country neighbours within the
2592:
over the years over all territories south and west of the
2529:
The kingdom of France in 1030 (Flanders at top, in green.)
2996:, but these were ultimately subdued by the armies of the
2898:
of 1348, the disruption of trade during the Anglo-French
2810:
in Flanders. The wealth of many Flemish cities (as their
1550:
in 1948, based upon an article by René Verdeyen in 1943.
3089:
broke loose. The Beeldenstorm spread through all of the
2505:. This separation remained unchanged until the times of
2075:
was created in the north of what would later constitute
2914:
in the 12th century and established the wool industry.
2140:
meant 'the settlement of the tribe of X'. For example:
1914:
areas Saxon tribes gradually appeared. For the Romans,
1484:, and this was recognized by treaty in 1797. After the
2886:
in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the
2596:, including presentday the lordship of the Four Amts,
2150:, which meant 'the settlement of the tribe of Petta'.
2087:(584–628) was forced to temporarily cede the duchy to
3011:
The seventeen provinces in the 16th century (1506–98)
2972:
attempted to re-assert this position by means of the
2513:
Growth in the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries (864–1071)
3058:. This constitutional act made Flanders part of the
1930:
and Erules. The coastal defense around Boulogne and
4811:
4758:
4715:
4685:
4602:
4530:
4490:
4469:
4462:
4323:
4305:
4287:
4200:
4119:
4103:
3925:
Belgisch tijdschrift voor filologie en geschiedenis
587:
452:
439:
417:
401:
389:
375:
363:
341:
290:
272:
255:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3711:D'Arcy Jonathan D. Boulton, "Marquis/Marquisate",
238:. The county was located where the border between
3074:, and after 1556 belonged to the Kings of Spain.
2866:in 1302. But finally the French prevailed at the
1402:. Unlike its neighbours, such as the counties of
4047:Summary of the French expansionism into Flanders
3066:and from then on would be inherited as a whole.
1753:Count Philip (2nd from right) as swordbearer at
3288:In 1789 a revolution broke out against emperor
3244:. This situation was formalised in 1678 at the
2696:died heirless, and the county was inherited by
2300:from the first quarter of the 8th century, the
1987:. He was also administrator of the province of
1726:in the southern part of the modern province of
3959:Niermeyer, J.F., Presser, J., Van Houtte, J.A.
2775:, which were endangering the accessibility of
2716:. Under Thierry (1128–1168) and his successor
2236:, Eligius makes the first mention of the word
1995:conquered from 486 on all of Northern France.
1979:. After his death two Salic kingdoms emerged.
4431:
4070:
2420:and Isère portus, a port at the mouth of the
2059:were assigned to reinstate the bishoprics of
230:County of Flanders, 1350, in relation to the
8:
3675:
3599:
2720:, Flanders' importance and power increased.
2708:of Normandy (1127–1128), the county went to
2336:The 10th-century County of Flanders next to
2071:At the end of the 6th century, the duchy of
1508:. It is first mentioned in the biography of
153:
3800:The earlier rulers were styled as margrave.
3113:", it was reconquered by the Spanish army.
3019:Map of the county of Flanders from 1609 by
2961:. In 1453 Philip crushed the rebels at the
2553:The county of Flanders originated from the
1787:, the arms and its corresponding battlecry
1651:(that belonged to West Flanders until 1962)
1561:are likely derived from words derived from
167:
139:
4614:
4466:
4438:
4424:
4416:
4116:
4077:
4063:
4055:
3335:). Austria confirmed its loss in the 1797
3093:and eventually led to the outbreak of the
2846:The crisis of the 14th century (1278–1384)
2676:. For this, the local clergy promoted the
2278:, and from the 7th century we know of the
2120:in the 5th century and descendants of the
1869:. For Flanders in specific these were the
614:
224:
131:
3651:(1st Da Capo Press ed.). Cambridge:
3167:also contributed to the Nord département.
2684:Prosperity in the 12th and 13th centuries
2253:were created in the Flemish territories.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3255:
3099:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
3014:
2876:
2257:were administrative subdivisions of the
1699:, closely related to French, was spoken.
1441:and was called "Royal Flanders" (Dutch:
3793:
3496:
3043:. The county was later involved in the
2929:with a view of the 15th-century section
2918:The Burgundian 15th century (1384–1506)
2355:, was placed in captivity at the later
2128:had settled in future Flanders and the
1504:originally referred to the area around
2992:the regent. The Flemish cities staged
2613:The 11th to 13th centuries (1071–1278)
2240:, when he toured the area around 650.
1553:According to this proposal, the terms
3963:Algemene Geschiedenis der Nederlanden
3880:Algemene Geschiedenis der Nederlanden
2798:Trade partners included England, the
2443:Charlemagne was succeeded by his son
1730:, which from 1581 formed part of the
1410:, it was within the territory of the
764:
451:
438:
434:
400:
388:
384:
374:
7:
3893:Blom, J.C.H., Lamberts, E., redactie
3123:The Spanish 17th century (1598–1713)
2162:could emerge in the 8th century. In
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4917:1380s in the Burgundian Netherlands
3715:(Taylor & Francis, 1995), 1120.
3699:
3687:
3252:The Austrian 18th century (1713–89)
3039:), Flanders became a member of the
2692:remained in power until 1119, when
1722:, a region between Belgium and the
1619:two of the five Flemish provinces:
25:
3936:Vlaanderen onder de eerste graven
3351:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
3027:, engraver and publisher, Cologne
2842:, succeeded the House of Alsace.
2243:During the 7th century the first
2015:, primarily around the cities of
1918:was a general term, and included
1490:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
4593:
4447:
4278:
4086:
3969:Ott, John S. (1 December 2015).
3882:, Fibula-Van Dishoeck, Haarlem,
3713:Medieval France: An Encyclopedia
2320:are also counted as Merovingian
1639:part of the Walloon province of
1629:part of the Flemish province of
1364:
1344:
1330:
1313:
1286:
1253:
1232:
1200:
1185:
1161:
1136:
1121:
1091:
1069:
1042:
1022:
1003:
985:
968:
951:
933:
914:
897:
878:
571:
557:
543:
529:
515:
490:
207:
193:
34:
4740:Community Commission (Brussels)
3897:Geschiedenis van de Nederlanden
3522:, vol. I, pp. 192–220
2988:the new count, and her husband
45:needs additional citations for
3975:. Cambridge University Press.
3769:. Cambridge University Press.
3649:Richard and John: Kings at War
2860:Franco-Flemish War (1297–1305)
1777:arms of the County of Flanders
1:
3997:Vanderputten, Steven (2013).
3763:Koenigsberger, H. G. (2001).
3579:. Stoddard Press. p. 5.
3033:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
2802:and France over sea, and the
2507:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
2463:. West Francia, inherited by
2310:from around 745. Lastly, the
2272:
1513:
771:
749:
726:
684:
670:
441:• Fief granted to Count
4782:Day of the Flemish Community
3928:, XX, 553–572 en XXI, 53–93.
2537:invaded from the north, the
1689:used to be the main language
4029:Wetenschappelijke Tijdingen
3111:Calvinist Republic of Ghent
2836:Baldwin I of Constantinople
1293:Princip. of the Netherlands
4963:
4932:Former provinces of France
3852:Album Prof. Dr. Frank Baur
3412:Battle of the Golden Spurs
3143:. These show the parts of
3115:
3052:Pragmatic Sanction of 1549
3035:(born in the Flemish city
2933:Through his marriage with
2864:Battle of the Golden Spurs
2412:and a number of seaports:
1785:Battle of the Golden Spurs
1779:were allegedly created by
1768:
1337:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1306:Kingdom of the Netherlands
4617:
4591:
4372:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
4339:
4276:
3524:. Cited by Toorians 2021.
3097:and the secession of the
2755:were founded, as well as
1955:in 454 and Roman emperor
1361:
1359:
1343:
1329:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1252:
1231:
1221:
1218:
1184:
1181:
1160:
1157:
1135:
1120:
1090:
1068:
932:
872:
868:
863:
859:
844:
840:
829:
821:
817:
813:
799:
782:
742:
719:
713:
706:
664:
650:
643:
632:
630:
617:
469:
465:
435:
413:
385:
223:
189:
184:
3854:p. 192–220, Leuven.
3702:, pp. 111, 247–248.
3436:Treaty of Athis-sur-Orge
3430:Battle of Mons-en-Pevele
3302:Charles-Joseph de Graeve
3298:United States of Belgium
3274:Maria Theresa of Austria
2947:House of Valois-Burgundy
2888:Ghent University Library
2872:treaty of Athis-sur-Orge
2870:and with the subsequent
2868:battle of Mons-en-Pévèle
2666:Robert left with an army
2572:(Count) of Flanders was
2494:, that would become the
1853:Prehistory and antiquity
1771:Coat of arms of Flanders
1192:United States of Belgium
4795:De Leeuw van Vlaanderen
4407:Unencircled territories
3916:, Brussels – The Hague.
3821:
3536:"Vlaanderen en Vlaming"
3534:Verdeyen, René (1943),
3361:Count of Flanders title
3062:, that constituted the
2990:Maximilian I of Austria
2976:that they wrested from
2694:Baldwin VII of Flanders
2662:Cluniac reform movement
2660:were supporters of the
2357:Abbey of Saint Bertinus
1794:De Leeuw van Vlaanderen
1453:: "Imperial Flanders" (
853:Duchy of Lower Lorraine
4849:Science and technology
4698:List of municipalities
4003:. LIT Verlag Münster.
3899:, HBuitgevers, Baarn,
3829:
3813:
3448:Battle of Westrozebeke
3406:Battle of West-Kapelle
3337:Treaty of Campo Formio
3269:
3233:
3139:as they existed until
3105:, and also signed the
3028:
2953:. In 1449 the city of
2949:, that ruled over the
2930:
2891:
2795:
2678:Peace and Truce of God
2629:
2582:Judith of West Francia
2541:from the east and the
2530:
2522:
2341:
2109:
2057:Eleutherius of Tournai
1766:
1647:and the region around
1604:
1463:Burgundian Netherlands
1076:Burgundian Netherlands
846:Kingdom of Lotharingia
511:Burgundian Netherlands
168:
154:
140:
4358:. Circles est. 1500:
4324:Dependent territories
3814:Graafschap Vlaanderen
3623:. pp. 263, 516.
3602:, pp. 23–24, 36.
3573:Gilliat-Smith, Ernest
3460:Pacification of Ghent
3353:and later, after the
3260:Austrian soldiers at
3259:
3200: French Flanders
3130:
3018:
2965:, ending the revolt.
2935:Margaret of Dampierre
2925:
2880:
2793:
2658:Clementia of Burgundy
2620:
2528:
2520:
2426:Abbey of Saint Bertin
2365:succeeded his father
2335:
2198:Abbey of Saint Bertin
2158:region with a linear
2116:. This area had been
2102:
2045:Bishopric of Tongeren
1975:, and he reached the
1943:From their base land
1752:
1734:under control of the
1602:
1482:French First Republic
1398:coast of what is now
1261:French First Republic
291:Common languages
141:Graafschap Vlaanderen
18:Graafschap Vlaanderen
4111:Habsburg Netherlands
3965:, Haarlem – Antwerp.
3822:Groafschap Vloandern
3621:Hanover Square Press
3306:Jean-Joseph Raepsaet
3284:Last years (1789–97)
3278:Austrian Netherlands
3206: French Hainaut
3137:historical provinces
3025:Johannes Bussemacher
3023:, cartographer, and
2759:by Philip's brother
2725:County of Vermandois
2664:and on October 1096
2604:to the east and the
2602:burgraviate of Aalst
2349:Mayors of the Palace
2313:pagus Austrebatensis
2228:(coastal region and
2192:founded an abbey at
2041:Bishopric of Cambrai
2035:Late-Roman era; the
2007:that retained their
1673:: the region around
1478:Austrian Netherlands
1168:Austrian Netherlands
1098:Habsburg Netherlands
356:(from the 16th cen.)
69:"County of Flanders"
54:improve this article
4942:Seventeen Provinces
4937:History of Flanders
4884: /
4383:Circles est. 1512:
4106:Seventeen Provinces
4095:(1512–1797) of the
3577:The Story of Bruges
3507:. 18 November 2022.
3485:History of Flanders
3424:Battle of Zierikzee
3131:Map of the region,
3085:) in 1566 that the
3060:Seventeen Provinces
2982:Philip I of Castile
2625:at Ghent, Built by
1910:In the coastal and
1789:Vlaendr'n den leeuw
1476:By 1795 the entire
1471:Peace of the Ladies
1269:First French Empire
1143:Spanish Netherlands
1106:Seventeen Provinces
553:Escaut (department)
498:Magraviate of Ename
429:Early modern period
169:Comitatus Flandriae
4947:862 establishments
4922:Counts of Flanders
4912:County of Flanders
4750:Minister-President
4735:Flemish Government
4730:Flemish Parliament
4517:Zeelandic Flanders
4494:historical regions
4404:
4400:
4353:
4346:
3678:, pp. 42, 73.
3655:. pp. 64–65.
3394:Battle of Bouvines
3355:Belgian Revolution
3333:Zeelandic Flanders
3270:
3266:Revolutionary Wars
3246:Treaty of Nijmegen
3234:
3151:as well as all of
3072:Philip II of Spain
3029:
2931:
2900:Hundred Years' War
2892:
2856:House of Dampierre
2796:
2630:
2598:Zeelandic Flanders
2531:
2523:
2484:treaty of Meerssen
2438:Abbey of St. Vaast
2430:Saint Bavo's Abbey
2342:
2318:pagus Curtracensis
2289:pagus Bracbatensis
2280:pagus Cambracinsis
2206:Abbey of St. Vaast
2110:
2081:Merovingian Empire
1799:Hendrik Conscience
1767:
1720:Zeelandic Flanders
1605:
1546:) was proposed by
1521:Vita sancti Eligii
1486:Battle of Waterloo
1416:counts of Flanders
1388:County of Flanders
1351:Kingdom of Belgium
1246:Kingdom of Holland
791:Carolingian Empire
454:• Annexed by
136:County of Flanders
4867:
4866:
4745:Political parties
4711:
4710:
4589:
4588:
4482:Flemish Community
4413:
4412:
4397:Electoral Rhenish
4274:
4273:
4257:
4239:
4188:
4180:
4167:
4146:
4133:
4097:Holy Roman Empire
4093:Burgundian Circle
4010:978-3-643-90429-4
3982:978-1-316-36824-4
3946:Medieval Flanders
3676:Vanderputten 2013
3630:978-1-335-42927-8
3619:. United States:
3600:Vanderputten 2013
3586:978-1-4446-6629-8
3472:Act of Abjuration
3456:from 1568 to 1648
3454:Eighty Years' War
3382:Battle of Axpoele
3344:French Revolution
3118:Eighty Years' War
3107:Act of Abjuration
3095:Eighty Years' War
3056:Holy Roman Empire
3041:Burgundian Circle
2998:Holy Roman Empire
2986:House of Habsburg
2927:Wijnendale Castle
2761:Matthew of Alsace
2710:Thierry of Alsace
2690:House of Flanders
2559:Pagus Flandrensis
2496:Holy Roman Empire
2434:Saint-Amand Abbey
2307:pagus Flandrensis
2304:from 723 and the
2286:from 649 and the
2284:pagus Taroanensis
2268:pagus Tornacensis
2222:St. Peter's Abbey
1999:Early Middle Ages
1957:Valentinianus III
1834:Holy Roman Empire
1803:Flemish community
1671:French westcorner
1548:Maurits Gysseling
1459:Flandre impériale
1451:Holy Roman Empire
1412:Kingdom of France
1394:, located on the
1384:
1383:
1380:
1355:
1341:
1325:
1310:
1297:
1273:
1265:
1250:
1243:
1239:Batavian Republic
1212:
1197:
1173:
1148:
1133:
1110:
1102:
1080:
1059:
1039:
1019:
1000:
982:
965:
948:
930:
911:
894:
857:
850:
838:
827:
805:
795:
788:
778:
756:
733:
691:
680:Germania Inferior
677:
613:
612:
583:
582:
579:
578:
539:Kingdom of France
503:
502:
403:• 1792–1797
377:Count of Flanders
349:Roman Catholicism
244:Holy Roman Empire
236:Holy Roman Empire
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4954:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4819:Flemish Movement
4788:Guldensporenslag
4678:
4666:
4654:
4642:
4630:
4615:
4610:
4597:
4538:Flemish Ardennes
4522:Romance Flanders
4492:Neighbouring and
4467:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4417:
4405:
4401:
4354:
4347:
4282:
4255:
4237:
4186:
4178:
4165:
4158:Nijmegen Quarter
4144:
4131:
4117:
4091:
4090:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4056:
4051:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4017:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3960:
3943:
3933:
3921:
3911:
3894:
3877:
3861:
3849:
3832:
3830:Comté de Flandre
3807:
3801:
3798:
3781:
3780:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3613:Harl, Kenneth W.
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3466:Union of Utrecht
3442:Battle of Cassel
3388:Peace of Peronne
3376:Battle of Cassel
3229:
3220:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3103:Union of Utrecht
3005:Treaty of Senlis
2994:two more revolts
2978:Mary of Burgundy
2970:Charles the Bold
2963:battle of Gavere
2951:Burgundian State
2852:Guy of Dampierre
2840:House of Hainaut
2800:Baltic countries
2718:Philip of Alsace
2702:House of Denmark
2698:Charles the Good
2674:Lambert of Arras
2642:battle of Cassel
2640:who died in the
2627:Philip of Alsace
2606:County of Artois
2578:Charles the Bald
2465:Charles the Bald
2449:Treaty of Verdun
2294:pagus Rodaninsis
2277:
2274:
2218:St. Bavo's Abbey
2130:Duchy of Brabant
2037:Silva Carbonaria
2009:Germanic culture
1901:Boulogne-sur-Mer
1781:Philip of Alsace
1732:Generality Lands
1693:Walloon Flanders
1685:, an area where
1664:Nord departement
1587:, and Old Norse
1518:
1515:
1469:in 1526 and the
1455:Rijks-Vlaanderen
1443:Kroon-Vlaanderen
1378:
1368:
1353:
1348:
1339:
1334:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1295:
1290:
1271:
1263:
1259:associated with
1257:
1248:
1241:
1236:
1210:
1204:
1195:
1189:
1171:
1165:
1146:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1108:
1100:
1095:
1078:
1073:
1060:
1057:
1046:
1038:
1035:
1026:
1018:
1015:
1007:
1001:
998:
989:
980:
972:
963:
955:
949:
946:
937:
928:
923:
918:
909:
901:
890:
882:
855:
848:
836:
825:
803:
793:
786:
784:Frankish Kingdom
776:
773:
769:
754:
751:
747:
739:
731:
728:
724:
701:
689:
686:
682:
675:
672:
668:
661:
654:
636:
615:
575:
574:
567:Lys (department)
561:
560:
547:
546:
533:
532:
519:
518:
507:
506:
494:
493:
487:
486:
471:
470:
431:
425:
228:
211:
197:
179:
171:
165:
157:
155:Comté de Flandre
151:
143:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4902:
4901:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4863:
4807:
4765:
4761:
4754:
4707:
4703:Flemish Diamond
4681:
4672:
4660:
4658:Flemish Brabant
4648:
4636:
4624:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4598:
4585:
4526:
4512:French Flanders
4495:
4493:
4486:
4458:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4399:
4382:
4352:
4345:
4335:
4319:
4301:
4283:
4270:
4196:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4085:
4083:
4049:
4042:Maps (900–1350)
4038:
4024:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3996:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3968:
3958:
3941:
3931:
3919:
3909:
3892:
3869:
3857:
3844:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3748:
3746:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3481:
3372:
3363:
3286:
3254:
3242:French Flanders
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3188:
3186:
3179:
3177:
3170:
3133:Hauts-de-France
3125:
3120:
3083:French Flanders
3013:
2974:Great Privilege
2959:Philip the Good
2939:Philip the Bold
2920:
2848:
2714:House of Alsace
2686:
2654:count Robert II
2615:
2515:
2445:Louis the Pious
2367:Pepin the Short
2330:
2302:pagus Mempiscus
2275:
2160:language border
2148:Petta-inga-haim
2097:
2001:
1989:Belgica Secunda
1937:Litus Saxonicum
1895:that connected
1855:
1850:
1773:
1747:
1724:Western Scheldt
1697:Picard language
1660:French Flanders
1597:
1578:Old High German
1516:
1498:
1467:Peace of Madrid
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1349:
1335:
1322:
1318:
1291:
1266:
1258:
1244:
1237:
1209:
1205:
1194:
1190:
1170:
1166:
1145:
1141:
1130:
1126:
1103:
1096:
1074:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1002:
997:
996:
993:
990:
979:
976:
973:
962:
959:
956:
950:
945:
944:
941:
938:
927:
924:
921:
919:
908:
905:
902:
892:
889:
886:
883:
877:
851:
835:
832:
774:
768:
766:Frisian Kingdom
752:
746:
737:
729:
723:
699:
687:
678:
673:
659:
657:
652:
646:
634:
618:History of the
609:
572:
558:
544:
530:
516:
491:
458:
445:
427:
404:
392:
391:• 862–879
370:Feudal monarchy
359:
337:
251:
219:
218:
217:
212:
204:
203:
198:
180:
173:
166:
159:
152:
145:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4960:
4958:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4904:
4903:
4888:51.06°N 3.72°E
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
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4798:
4791:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4766:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4708:
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4705:
4700:
4695:
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4687:
4683:
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4680:
4679:
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4631:
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4603:
4600:
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4590:
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4545:
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4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4477:Flemish Region
4473:
4471:
4470:Modern Belgium
4464:
4460:
4459:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4250:
4245:
4240:
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4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4168:
4154:Veluwe Quarter
4147:
4139:
4134:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4044:
4037:
4036:External links
4034:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4009:
3994:
3981:
3966:
3956:
3939:
3932:Ganshof, F.-L.
3929:
3917:
3907:
3890:
3867:
3855:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3802:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3755:
3731:
3717:
3704:
3692:
3690:, p. 111.
3680:
3668:
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3636:
3629:
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3564:
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3526:
3510:
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3477:
3476:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3418:Battle of Arke
3415:
3409:
3403:
3400:Peace of Melun
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3371:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:, in Belgium.
3285:
3282:
3253:
3250:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3124:
3121:
3012:
3009:
2955:Ghent revolted
2919:
2916:
2847:
2844:
2808:cloth industry
2685:
2682:
2614:
2611:
2563:Flemish Valley
2514:
2511:
2503:Middle Francia
2457:Middle Francia
2329:
2326:
2296:from 707, the
2224:in Ghent) and
2096:
2093:
2039:separated the
2000:
1997:
1953:Flavius Aëtius
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1769:Main article:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:Dutch Republic
1714:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1633:: the land of
1627:
1596:
1593:
1563:Proto-Germanic
1530:etymology for
1497:
1494:
1447:Flandre royale
1382:
1381:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1342:
1327:
1326:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1251:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1198:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1134:
1128:Dutch Republic
1118:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1040:
1020:
983:
966:
931:
912:
895:
874:
873:
871:
869:
867:
861:
860:
858:
842:
841:
839:
828:
823:Middle Francia
819:
818:
815:
814:
812:
810:
807:
806:
797:
796:
781:
779:
762:
761:
759:
757:
741:
734:
717:
716:
714:
712:
710:
705:
703:
696:
693:
692:
666:Gallia Belgica
663:
649:
642:
639:
638:
631:
629:
623:
622:
611:
610:
608:
607:
602:
597:
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589:
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584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
569:
563:
562:
555:
549:
548:
541:
535:
534:
527:
525:Dutch Republic
521:
520:
513:
504:
501:
500:
495:
483:
482:
477:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
453:
450:
449:
446:
440:
437:
436:
433:
432:
419:
418:Historical era
415:
414:
411:
410:
405:
402:
399:
398:
393:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
367:
361:
360:
358:
357:
354:Dutch Reformed
351:
345:
343:
339:
338:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
292:
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138:
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127:
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33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4959:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4900:
4897:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
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4751:
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4746:
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4741:
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4733:
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4728:
4726:
4723:
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4720:
4718:
4714:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4634:East Flanders
4632:
4628:
4623:
4622:West Flanders
4620:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:Local regions
4529:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
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4478:
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4456:
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4434:
4429:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4408:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4380:(Lower) Saxon
4377:
4373:
4369:
4368:Upper Rhenish
4365:
4361:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
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4310:
4308:
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4298:
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4286:
4281:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4235:
4234:Upper Quarter
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4199:
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4190:
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4182:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
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4159:
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4130:
4127:
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4124:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4080:
4075:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4031:, VII, 25–32.
4030:
4023:
4012:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3961:(1949–1958):
3957:
3955:
3954:0-582-01679-7
3951:
3947:
3940:
3937:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3918:
3915:
3908:
3906:
3905:90-5574-474-3
3902:
3898:
3891:
3889:
3888:90-228-3800-5
3885:
3881:
3878:(1977–1983):
3876:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3860:
3859:Gysseling, M.
3856:
3853:
3848:en Dhondt, J.
3847:
3846:Gysseling, M.
3843:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3787:
3778:
3776:9780521803304
3772:
3768:
3767:
3759:
3756:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3705:
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3696:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3662:9780306815799
3658:
3654:
3653:Da Capo Press
3650:
3646:
3645:McLynn, Frank
3640:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3588:
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3556:
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3530:
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3506:
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3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:East Flanders
3327:(present day
3326:
3322:
3321:West Flanders
3319:(present day
3318:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3294:West Flanders
3291:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3224:
3215:
3194:
3185:
3184:Île-de-France
3176:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3155:conquered by
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3091:Low Countries
3088:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3064:Low Countries
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3045:Guelders Wars
3042:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3021:Matthias Quad
3017:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2957:against duke
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2908:North Walsham
2905:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2884:Lucas d'Heere
2879:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2706:William Clito
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:First Crusade
2667:
2663:
2659:
2656:and his wife
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2594:Scheldt river
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2527:
2519:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2497:
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2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
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2441:
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2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2378:
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2358:
2354:
2353:Childeric III
2350:
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2323:
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2207:
2203:
2200:) and in 680
2199:
2195:
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2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:Pas-de-Calais
2161:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:Pas-de-Calais
2107:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2092:
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2078:
2074:
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2062:
2058:
2054:
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2042:
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2032:
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2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:Salian Franks
1946:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:Julius Caesar
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1845:
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1796:
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1778:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1745:Flag and arms
1744:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:Netherlands:
1715:
1710:
1709:Pas-de-Calais
1706:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1625:East Flanders
1622:
1621:West Flanders
1618:
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1594:
1592:
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1556:
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1537:
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1511:
1510:Saint Eligius
1507:
1503:
1495:
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1464:
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1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
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1413:
1409:
1405:
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1397:
1393:
1392:Low Countries
1389:
1376:
1367:
1363:
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1338:
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1328:
1321:
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811:
809:
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798:
792:
785:
780:
767:
763:
760:
758:
745:
744:Salian Franks
740:
735:
722:
718:
715:
711:
709:
704:
702:
700:Salian Franks
697:
695:
694:
681:
667:
662:
655:
648:
641:
640:
637:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:Low Countries
616:
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588:Today part of
586:
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323:Middle French
321:
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232:Low Countries
227:
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216:
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202:
196:
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163:
156:
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124:
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102:
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95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4869:
4812:Other topics
4793:
4786:
4777:Coat of arms
4609:(and cities)
4563:Pajottenland
4548:Denderstreek
4506:
4388:
4256:(since 1548)
4238:(since 1548)
4224:
4187:(since 1548)
4179:(since 1548)
4166:(since 1548)
4145:(since 1548)
4132:(since 1548)
4121:Seceded 1581
4028:
4014:. Retrieved
3999:
3986:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3945:
3935:
3923:
3913:
3896:
3879:
3874:
3863:
3851:
3839:Bibliography
3818:West Flemish
3805:
3796:
3765:
3758:
3747:. Retrieved
3744:lib.ugent.be
3743:
3734:
3720:
3712:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3648:
3639:
3616:
3607:
3595:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3513:
3499:
3364:
3341:
3310:
3287:
3280:flourished.
3271:
3235:
3087:Beeldenstorm
3076:
3068:
3050:Through the
3049:
3030:
3002:
2967:
2932:
2893:
2849:
2833:
2797:
2730:
2722:
2687:
2631:
2589:
2586:
2567:
2552:
2532:
2500:
2492:East Francia
2488:West Francia
2481:
2461:West Francia
2453:East Francia
2442:
2394:Valenciennes
2379:
2361:
2343:
2328:Carolingians
2321:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2298:pagus Gandao
2297:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2282:in 663, the
2279:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2204:founded the
2187:
2172:
2168:romanisation
2152:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2111:
2103:
2070:
2033:
2002:
1942:
1935:
1915:
1909:
1887:
1856:
1807:
1793:
1788:
1774:
1763:Jean Fouquet
1695:, where the
1606:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1501:
1499:
1475:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1387:
1385:
974:
922:Bishopric of
720:
480:Succeeded by
479:
474:
303:Middle Dutch
215:Coat of arms
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4893:51.06; 3.72
4891: /
4859:Agriculture
4760:Symbols and
4568:Meetjesland
4463:Territories
4393:Upper Saxon
4050:(in French)
3942:Nicolas, D.
3866:, Tongeren.
3313:departments
3264:during the
3230: Other
3079:Steenvoorde
2896:Black Death
2820:grain trade
2816:cloth halls
2623:Gravensteen
2548:Charlemagne
2377:invasions.
2363:Charlemagne
2346:Carolingian
2344:In 751 the
2338:Lotharingia
2271:dates from
2175:Eleutherius
2146:comes from
2095:7th century
2085:Chlothar II
1519:–660), the
1309:(1815–1830)
1296:(1813–1815)
1272:(1804–1815)
1264:(1795–1804)
1249:(1806–1810)
1242:(1795–1806)
1172:(1714–1795)
1147:(1556–1714)
1132:(1581–1795)
1101:(1482–1795)
1079:(1384–1482)
1058:(1059–1443)
999:(1071–1432)
964:(1046–1543)
947:(1183–1430)
721:unpopulated
605:Netherlands
475:Preceded by
422:Middle Ages
4906:Categories
4829:Literature
4558:Haspengouw
4502:Margravate
4389:Burgundian
4376:Franconian
4356:until 1678
4349:until 1659
4342:until 1648
4176:Overijssel
3948:, London,
3938:, Antwerp.
3920:Dhondt, J.
3910:Dhondt, J.
3871:Blok, D.P.
3749:2020-08-25
3491:References
3342:After the
3262:Neerwinden
3116:See also:
3077:It was in
2941:, duke of
2824:Saint-Omer
2812:Belltowers
2777:Saint-Omer
2737:Nieuwpoort
2733:Gravelines
2680:movement.
2644:. Flemish
2638:Arnulf III
2568:The first
2473:Aardenburg
2276: 580
2232:). In his
2183:Dagobert I
2134:-inga haim
2118:germanised
2083:. In 600,
2073:Dentelinus
1991:. His son
1967:conquered
1893:Roman road
1859:Kemmelberg
1822:Luxembourg
1645:Tournaisis
1540:Vlaanderen
1517: 590
1445:, French:
1211:(1789–'91)
1109:after 1543
1037:(980–1794)
1017:(981–1421)
981:(862–1384)
929:(695–1456)
910:(880–1432)
849:(855– 959)
775: 6th
753: 5th
730: 5th
688: 5th
674: 5th
408:Francis II
365:Government
318:Old French
80:newspapers
4854:Transport
4844:Education
4725:Elections
4605:Provinces
4253:Luxemburg
4142:Groningen
4137:Friesland
3542:: 407–479
3348:Unitarian
3290:Joseph II
3238:Louis XIV
3223:Champagne
3157:Louis XIV
3003:The 1493
2937:in 1369,
2854:, of the
2834:In 1194,
2829:Rhineland
2804:Rhineland
2745:Biervliet
2700:, of the
2632:In 1071,
2574:Baldwin I
2469:Oudenburg
2414:Quentovic
2259:civitates
2156:bilingual
2154:a large,
2138:Inga haim
2089:Austrasia
2043:from the
1985:Visigoths
1981:Childeric
1945:Toxandria
1932:Oudenburg
1905:North Sea
1883:Atrebates
1810:Holy Land
1755:Philip II
1649:Moeskroen
1616:Belgium:
1595:Geography
1573:*flaumdra
1500:The term
1496:Etymology
1473:in 1529.
1396:North Sea
1010:County of
992:County of
975:County of
904:County of
826:(843–855)
804:(511–687)
801:Austrasia
794:(800–843)
787:(481–843)
443:Baldwin I
396:Baldwin I
342:Religion
298:Old Dutch
248:North Sea
110:July 2020
4927:Flanders
4834:Painting
4824:Language
4717:Politics
4693:Brussels
4686:See also
4578:Waasland
4573:Westhoek
4553:Hageland
4455:Flanders
4385:Austrian
4360:Bavarian
4315:Besançon
4297:Burgundy
4261:Mechelen
4230:Guelders
4225:Flanders
4202:Remained
4150:Guelders
4025:Voet, L.
3944:(1992):
3934:(1944):
3912:(1943):
3895:(2006):
3862:(1960):
3700:Ott 2015
3688:Ott 2015
3647:(2007).
3615:(2023).
3575:(2009).
3479:See also
3149:Hainault
3145:Flanders
2943:Burgundy
2904:Worstead
2850:In 1278
2668:for the
2650:Crusades
2634:Robert I
2588:Flemish
2570:Margrave
2543:Saracens
2436:and the
2418:Boulogne
2316:and the
2238:Flanders
2202:Aubertus
2136:added. -
2077:Neustria
2017:Courtrai
2013:Wallonia
1993:Clovis I
1961:Duisburg
1881:and the
1707:(in the
1683:Bailleul
1662:(in the
1656:France:
1609:Flanders
1555:Flanders
1538:(Dutch:
1532:Flanders
1528:Germanic
1502:Flanders
1371:Gr D. of
1320:Gr D. L.
1267:part of
1207:R. Liège
1049:Duchy of
1031:of Liège
1029:P.-Bish.
977:Flanders
960:Guelders
958:Duchy of
940:Duchy of
893:century)
891:(11–16th
660:Tubantes
279:, later
264:Imperial
246:met the
242:and the
234:and the
185:862–1797
4876:51°04′N
4763:history
4675:Hasselt
4670:Limburg
4651:Antwerp
4646:Antwerp
4543:Campine
4364:Swabian
4248:Limburg
4243:Hainaut
4220:Brabant
4210:Antwerp
4192:Zeeland
4184:Utrecht
4171:Holland
4162:Zutphen
4129:Drenthe
3561:: 65–72
3474:in 1581
3468:in 1579
3462:in 1576
3450:in 1382
3438:in 1305
3432:in 1304
3426:in 1304
3420:in 1303
3414:in 1302
3408:in 1253
3402:in 1226
3396:in 1214
3390:in 1199
3384:in 1128
3214:Cambrai
3175:Picardy
3165:Picardy
2984:of the
2912:Norfolk
2838:of the
2753:Mardijk
2749:Dunkirk
2712:of the
2646:knights
2535:Vikings
2477:Torhout
2408:on the
2402:Lambres
2398:Cambrai
2390:Tournai
2384:river:
2382:Scheldt
2230:Antwerp
2226:Eligius
2214:Amandus
2190:Audomar
2188:In 649
2143:Petegem
2049:Tournai
2021:Tournai
1973:Tournai
1969:Cambrai
1965:Chlodio
1963:, king
1912:Scheldt
1897:Cologne
1871:Menapii
1848:History
1830:Limburg
1826:Holland
1818:Brabant
1728:Zeeland
1687:Flemish
1679:Bergues
1675:Dunkirk
1641:Hainaut
1631:Antwerp
1585:flouwen
1568:flaumaz
1559:Flemish
1536:Flemish
1439:Scheldt
1408:Hainaut
1404:Brabant
1400:Belgium
1379:(1890–)
1354:(1830–)
1340:(1839–)
1324:(1815–)
1300:
1281:
1278:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1182:
1158:
1151:
1114:
1066:
994:Hainaut
942:Brabant
925:Utrecht
906:Holland
887:Freedom
885:Frisian
833:Francia
669:(55 BC–
653:Chamavi
647:nefates
595:Belgium
426:
313:Flemish
273:Capital
267:fiefdom
94:scholar
4879:3°43′E
4839:People
4772:Anthem
4663:Leuven
4627:Bruges
4507:County
4457:topics
4452:
4307:Cities
4289:County
4215:Artois
4016:22 May
4007:
3988:22 May
3979:
3952:
3903:
3886:
3873:(red)
3826:French
3773:
3659:
3627:
3583:
3444:(1328)
3378:(1071)
3325:Escaut
3323:) and
3276:, the
3268:, 1793
3228:
3221:
3219:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3193:Artois
3191:
3189:
3182:
3180:
3173:
3171:
3161:Artois
3153:Artois
3031:Under
2785:Bruges
2757:Calais
2751:, and
2600:, the
2539:Magyar
2410:Scarpe
2375:Viking
2371:Aachen
2261:. The
2194:Sithiu
2179:Vedast
2126:Franks
2122:Saxons
2053:Vedast
2029:Franks
1934:, the
1924:Saxons
1920:Angles
1879:Nervii
1877:, the
1875:Morini
1873:, the
1863:Belgae
1814:Levant
1705:Artois
1635:Bornem
1589:flaumr
1581:flewen
1544:Vlaams
1506:Bruges
1428:Bruges
1414:. The
1373:Luxem-
1196:(1790)
1051:Luxem-
865:Frisia
856:(959–)
837:(843–)
738:Saxons
708:Batavi
635:Belgae
627:Frisii
600:France
456:France
381:
328:Picard
277:Bruges
260:French
256:Status
240:France
172:
162:French
158:
144:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4639:Ghent
4331:Breda
4266:Namur
3875:et al
3810:Dutch
3788:Notes
3037:Ghent
2781:Ypres
2741:Damme
2590:pagus
2406:Douai
2386:Ghent
2210:Arras
2208:near
2196:(the
2066:Noyon
2061:Arras
2025:Bavay
2005:Rhine
1977:Somme
1928:Jutes
1916:Saxon
1899:with
1842:Aesop
1838:eagle
1759:Peers
1432:Ypres
1424:Ghent
1420:peers
1375:bourg
1053:bourg
1012:Namur
777:–734)
748:(4th–
725:(4th–
645:Cana–
333:Latin
308:Dutch
285:Lille
281:Ghent
176:Latin
148:Dutch
101:JSTOR
87:books
4803:Flag
4160:and
4018:2024
4005:ISBN
3990:2024
3977:ISBN
3950:ISBN
3901:ISBN
3884:ISBN
3771:ISBN
3657:ISBN
3625:ISBN
3581:ISBN
3331:and
3304:and
3163:and
3147:and
3141:1790
3081:(In
2906:and
2814:and
2783:and
2773:Zwin
2771:and
2769:Yser
2688:The
2621:The
2475:and
2459:and
2422:Yser
2400:and
2322:gaue
2263:gaue
2255:Gaue
2251:pagi
2246:gaue
2234:vita
2220:and
2177:and
2124:and
2105:Pagi
2055:and
2023:and
1971:and
1947:the
1867:Gaul
1775:The
1681:and
1669:the
1623:and
1583:and
1557:and
1534:and
1430:and
1406:and
1386:The
831:West
683:(83–
461:1797
283:and
262:and
201:Flag
73:news
4582:...
3317:Lys
2910:in
2557:of
2555:Gau
2404:at
2249:or
1797:by
1457:or
676:AD)
448:862
56:by
4908::
4402:·
4395:,
4391:,
4387:,
4378:,
4374:,
4370:,
4366:,
4362:,
4236:)
4164:)
4156:,
4108:of
3828::
3824:;
3820::
3816:;
3812::
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