1037:
1023:
1051:
163:
1126:
and within the socialist movement, the concept of gradualism is frequently distinguished from reformism, with the former insisting that short-term goals need to be formulated and implemented in such a way that they inevitably lead into long-term goals. It is most commonly associated with the
1309:
claims that major evolutionary changes do not happen over a gradual period but in localized, rare, rapid events of branching speciation. Punctuated gradualism is considered to be a variation of these models, lying somewhere in between the
1300:
that refers to a species that has "relative stasis over a considerable part of its total duration underwent periodic, relatively rapid, morphologic change that did not lead to lineage branching". It is one of the three common models of
1305:. While the traditional model of palaeontology, the phylogenetic model, states that features evolved slowly without any direct association with speciation, the relatively newer and more controversial idea of
1314:
model and the punctuated equilibrium model. It states that speciation is not needed for a lineage to rapidly evolve from one equilibrium to another but may show rapid transitions between long-stable states.
107:, which explained both uniformitarian methodology and theory. Using uniformitarianism, which states that one cannot make an appeal to any force or phenomenon which cannot presently be observed (see
134:, which is gradualist itself, but argues that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability (called stasis), which is punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution.
39:("step"), is a hypothesis, a theory or a tenet assuming that change comes about gradually or that variation is gradual in nature and happens over time as opposed to in large steps.
1082:
961:
956:
1356:
and political structures; and that an accumulation of reforms can lead to the emergence of an entirely different economic system and form of society than present-day
1149:
and
European-Americans slowly into the same society, but many believed it was a way for the government to put off actually doing anything about racial segregation:
1583:
language-change literature, see Sarah C. Thomasen, "Pidgins/Creoles and
Historical Linguistics", esp. 246-60, in Silvia Kouwenberg and John Victor Singler, eds.,
1153:
This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy.
115:, since saltations are not presently observed, and extreme deviations from the usual phenotypic variation would be more likely to be selected against.
1142:
908:
1075:
913:
204:
971:
1520:
1372:
938:
1464:
1099:, gradualism is the hypothesis that social change can be achieved in small, discrete increments rather than in abrupt strokes such as
1592:
1068:
901:
966:
873:
1678:
553:
503:
1275:
is slow, uniform and gradual. When evolution occurs in this mode, it is usually by the steady transformation of a whole
918:
371:
341:
172:
86:
1663:
73:
which holds that profound change is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes, often contrasted with
1283:). In this view no clear line of demarcation exists between an ancestral species and a descendant species, unless
1673:
1658:
1406:
1225:
933:
146:
64:
1683:
521:
321:
304:
1361:
1132:
928:
398:
1516:
1426:
1329:
which regards true contradictions as situations wherein a state of affairs enjoys only partial existence.
1306:
1138:
131:
1348:
is the assumption that gradual changes through and within existing institutions can ultimately change a
1290:
1128:
853:
418:
356:
229:
184:
1603:
613:
1635:
1476:
923:
573:
483:
299:
246:
179:
713:
1668:
1421:
1311:
1264:
1181:
643:
578:
445:
336:
251:
209:
119:
112:
783:
1253:
1229:
1206:
1006:
995:
788:
768:
748:
408:
294:
261:
693:
1216:
Gradualism is the approach of certain schools of
Buddhism and other Eastern philosophies (e.g.
1588:
1460:
1396:
1249:
858:
708:
498:
488:
256:
194:
189:
123:
40:
1379:
1241:
1146:
1055:
1027:
843:
833:
823:
803:
673:
668:
628:
598:
568:
563:
533:
493:
440:
428:
316:
241:
224:
162:
154:
52:
1431:
1376:
1353:
1245:
1240:, which rejected gradualism, and to the establishment of the opposite approach within the
1185:
1177:
1041:
793:
663:
608:
548:
433:
423:
366:
284:
279:
214:
1326:
1318:
698:
1540:
1401:
1341:
1294:
1228:
can be achieved step by step, through an arduous practice. The opposite approach, that
1159:
848:
808:
798:
778:
753:
738:
728:
718:
683:
648:
543:
538:
528:
413:
386:
127:
100:
44:
1036:
1652:
1416:
1333:
1189:
888:
883:
878:
863:
763:
688:
653:
633:
623:
465:
376:
361:
108:
82:
74:
1587:. London: John Wiley, 2009. books.google.com/books?id=AyFK3L-U_PIC&pg=PA246 and
1436:
1284:
868:
838:
743:
733:
678:
658:
603:
593:
558:
351:
236:
78:
1236:. The debate on the issue was very important to the history of the development of
1322:
1173:
1116:
818:
773:
758:
723:
703:
638:
618:
588:
450:
346:
1162:" speech, delivered August 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
111:), Darwin theorized that the evolutionary process must occur gradually, not in
1365:
1357:
1297:
1280:
1272:
1108:
1100:
828:
583:
455:
403:
326:
1548:
1545:
Actes du
Colloque de la Société internationale de linguistique fonctionnelle
1411:
1391:
1375:-related speculations, gradualism refers to the gradual implementation of a
1345:
1337:
1302:
1268:
1217:
1123:
1112:
1104:
1001:
989:
813:
508:
391:
381:
311:
289:
94:
48:
1022:
17:
1233:
1096:
199:
1131:
concept of dual power and is seen as a middle way between reformism and
1050:
1495:"Left reformism, the state and the problem of socialist politics today"
1349:
1276:
460:
219:
90:
70:
1621:
Sudden and
Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought
1562:. Reading MA: Benjamin, 1972; Monte Davis and Alexander Woodcock,
1180:
is seen as gradual, the product of chain reactions and subject to
1141:
was opposed to the idea of gradualism as a method of eliminating
1543:(1983). "Les réactions en chaîne en morphologie diachronique".
1494:
1221:
1558:
Classic presentations of catastrophe theory include René Thom,
1636:"Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism"
1477:"Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism"
1237:
1360:. That hypothesis of social change grew out of opposition to
1368:
is necessary for fundamental structural changes to occur.
1145:. The United States government wanted to try to integrate
1107:. Gradualism is one of the defining features of political
1483:. San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper and Company, pp. 82-115.
81:, a Scottish geologist, and was later incorporated into
55:, the socialist society is achieved through gradualism.
1624:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
1606:
Chan/Zen
Studies in English: The State Of The Field
1119:politics pushes politicians to espouse gradualism.
1457:Biostratigraphy: Microfossils and Geological Time
118:Gradualism is often confused with the concept of
1151:
1076:
89:. Tenets from both theories were applied to
8:
69:In the natural sciences, gradualism is the
34:
1083:
1069:
141:
1585:The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies
1475:Eldredge, Niles, and S. J. Gould (1972).
1279:into a new one (through a process called
1340:means is a moral principle to which the
1642:. San Francisco: Freeman Cooper. p. 84.
1448:
1248:. It was continued in other schools of
909:International Trade Union Confederation
153:
1560:Stabilité structurelle et morphogénèse
1459:. Cambridge University Press. p. 384.
914:International Union of Socialist Youth
77:. The theory was proposed in 1795 by
1634:Eldredge, N. and S. J. Gould (1972).
1568:An Introduction to Catastrophe Theory
1344:is committed. In a more general way,
27:Philosophy of step-by-step proceeding
7:
1570:. Cambridge University Press, 1980.
1321:is the paraconsistent treatment of
1232:is attained all at once, is called
939:Network of Social Democracy in Asia
1579:For a more-recent overview on the
1566:. NY: Dutton, 1978; and Saunders,
25:
1497:. International Socialist Journal
205:Internationalist–defencist schism
1049:
1035:
1021:
161:
130:to contrast with their model of
1618:Gregory, Peter N., ed. (1991),
1168:Linguistics and language change
242:Reformist–revolutionary dispute
93:and formed the basis of early
51:are similar concepts. For the
1:
504:Socialism of the 21st century
1212:Buddhism, Theravada and Yoga
919:Party of European Socialists
372:Negative and positive rights
1700:
1319:Contradictorial gradualism
1271:which theorizes that most
1204:
1158:Martin Luther King Jr.'s "
103:was influenced by Lyell's
62:
1479:. In T.J.M. Schopf, ed.,
1407:Normalization (sociology)
934:Young European Socialists
122:. It is a term coined by
65:Alternatives to Darwinism
1493:Paul Blackledge (2013).
1455:Brian McGowran. (2008).
322:Environmental protection
1638:In T.J.M. Schopf, ed.,
1521:"I have a dream speech"
1362:revolutionary socialism
929:Socialist International
399:Revolutionary socialism
1679:Historical linguistics
1640:Models in Paleobiology
1481:Models in Paleobiology
1427:Punctuated equilibrium
1371:In the terminology of
1364:, which contends that
1307:punctuated equilibrium
1165:
1139:Martin Luther King Jr.
494:Evolutionary socialism
132:punctuated equilibrium
35:
1291:Punctuated gradualism
1192:is heavily disputed.
1129:libertarian socialist
419:Social market economy
357:Left-wing nationalism
185:Frankfurt Declaration
105:Principles of Geology
63:Further information:
1336:implemented through
1056:Socialism portal
1028:Economics portal
924:Progressive Alliance
484:Democratic socialism
180:Age of Enlightenment
138:Politics and society
1519:(August 28, 1963).
1517:King, Martin Luther
1312:phyletic gradualism
1265:Phyletic gradualism
1188:are the product of
1042:Politics portal
789:Liebknecht (father)
446:Structural violence
337:Institutional abuse
252:Revolutions of 1848
120:phyletic gradualism
59:Geology and biology
1564:Catastrophe Theory
1254:Chinese philosophy
1207:Law of gradualness
1124:socialist politics
1007:Types of socialism
996:The Internationale
409:Social corporatism
262:Welfare capitalism
53:social democratics
1664:Rate of evolution
1397:Uniformitarianism
1295:microevolutionary
1147:African-Americans
1093:
1092:
499:Liberal socialism
489:Ethical socialism
257:Utopian socialism
195:Godesberg Program
190:French Revolution
124:Stephen Jay Gould
87:uniformitarianism
41:Uniformitarianism
33:, from the Latin
16:(Redirected from
1691:
1674:Social democracy
1659:Geology theories
1643:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1577:
1571:
1556:
1550:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1490:
1484:
1473:
1467:
1453:
1380:world government
1242:Tibetan Buddhism
1186:creole languages
1184:. The view that
1163:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1026:
1025:
794:Liebknecht (son)
554:Batlle y Ordóñez
441:Structural abuse
342:Internationalism
317:Environmentalism
165:
155:Social democracy
142:
38:
21:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1684:Social theories
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1633:
1629:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1604:Bernard Faure,
1602:
1598:
1578:
1574:
1557:
1553:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1474:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1432:Accelerationism
1388:
1354:economic system
1352:'s fundamental
1262:
1246:Debate of Samye
1214:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1178:language change
1170:
1164:
1157:
1089:
1048:
1034:
1020:
1012:
1011:
985:
977:
976:
952:
944:
943:
904:
894:
893:
524:
514:
513:
479:
471:
470:
424:Socialist state
367:Nationalization
285:Critical theory
280:Civil liberties
275:
267:
266:
175:
140:
67:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1697:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1627:
1610:
1596:
1572:
1551:
1541:Henri Wittmann
1533:
1508:
1485:
1468:
1465:978-0521048170
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1402:Incrementalism
1399:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1342:Fabian Society
1332:Gradualism in
1267:is a model of
1261:
1258:
1213:
1210:
1205:Main article:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1169:
1166:
1160:I Have a Dream
1155:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1045:
1031:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
992:
986:
983:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
969:
967:United Kingdom
964:
959:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
905:
900:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
525:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
437:
436:
431:
421:
416:
414:Social justice
411:
406:
401:
396:
395:
394:
389:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
308:
307:
305:Representative
302:
297:
287:
282:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
233:
232:
227:
217:
215:Labor movement
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
176:
171:
170:
167:
166:
158:
157:
151:
150:
139:
136:
128:Niles Eldredge
101:Charles Darwin
60:
57:
45:incrementalism
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1696:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:9781444305999
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:pidgin/creole
1576:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Catastrophism
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:social change
1330:
1328:
1325:developed by
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:enlightenment
1223:
1219:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1190:catastrophism
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1133:revolutionism
1130:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1117:Machiavellian
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
991:
988:
987:
981:
980:
973:
972:United States
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
948:
947:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:Organizations
898:
897:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
523:
518:
517:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
475:
474:
467:
466:Welfare state
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
383:
380:
378:
377:Progressivism
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
362:Mixed economy
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
271:
270:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
231:
228:
226:
223:
222:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
174:
169:
168:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
143:
137:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
109:catastrophism
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
88:
85:'s theory of
84:
83:Charles Lyell
80:
76:
75:catastrophism
72:
66:
58:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
32:
19:
1639:
1630:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1605:
1599:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1488:
1480:
1471:
1456:
1451:
1437:Boiling frog
1377:totalitarian
1370:
1331:
1327:Lorenzo Peña
1317:
1289:
1263:
1244:, after the
1215:
1201:Christianity
1182:cyclic drift
1171:
1152:
1137:
1121:
1094:
1047:
1033:
1019:
352:Labor rights
331:
237:Nordic model
210:Keynesianism
117:
104:
99:
95:evolutionary
79:James Hutton
68:
30:
29:
1501:14 November
1174:linguistics
1143:segregation
1101:revolutions
451:Trade union
347:Land reform
230:Revisionist
1669:Liberalism
1653:Categories
1547:10.285-92.
1526:1 November
1443:References
1366:revolution
1358:capitalism
1298:hypothesis
1281:anagenesis
1273:speciation
1109:liberalism
709:Hilferding
574:Betancourt
564:Ben-Gurion
456:Tripartism
429:Capitalism
404:Secularism
332:Gradualism
327:Fair trade
300:Industrial
113:saltations
31:Gradualism
18:Gradualist
1422:Saltation
1412:Reformism
1392:Evolution
1346:reformism
1338:reformist
1323:fuzziness
1303:evolution
1285:splitting
1269:evolution
1218:Theravada
1113:reformism
1105:uprisings
1002:Socialism
990:Communism
951:By region
889:Zhordania
834:Plekhanov
804:MacDonald
799:Luxemburg
684:Gaitskell
644:Daszyński
609:Callaghan
569:Bernstein
509:Third Way
434:Socialism
392:Socialism
382:Reformism
312:Dirigisme
290:Democracy
247:Socialism
49:reformism
1386:See also
1287:occurs.
1234:subitism
1224:), that
1196:Morality
1156:—
1097:politics
859:Stauning
784:LĂ©vesque
769:Lassalle
749:Kerensky
739:Katayama
729:Jumblatt
694:González
629:Crosland
614:Cárdenas
599:Branting
529:Ambedkar
478:Variants
295:Economic
274:Concepts
225:Orthodox
200:Humanism
147:a series
145:Part of
97:theory.
1350:society
1277:species
1230:insight
984:Related
962:Germany
957:Austria
879:Whitlam
869:Den Uyl
849:Sanders
844:Russell
809:Mandela
744:Kautsky
724:Jenkins
699:Goulart
654:Douglas
549:Awolowo
534:Allende
461:Welfare
220:Marxism
173:History
91:biology
1591:
1463:
1250:Indian
884:Wilson
864:Thomas
854:Savage
819:Myrdal
774:Layton
754:KĂ©thly
734:Junmai
719:Jaurès
704:Hardie
689:Gandhi
679:Fraser
674:Engels
669:Ecevit
639:Curtin
634:Corbyn
594:Brandt
579:Bhutto
544:Attlee
539:Ardern
522:People
71:theory
47:, and
36:gradus
1293:is a
1260:Types
839:Prodi
829:Palme
824:Nehru
779:Lenin
764:Lagos
714:İnönü
664:Ebert
659:Drees
624:Craxi
619:Clark
604:Brown
589:Blanc
584:Blair
559:Bebel
1589:ISBN
1528:2015
1503:2013
1461:ISBN
1252:and
1222:Yoga
1111:and
874:Webb
814:Marx
759:Kirk
649:Debs
387:Left
126:and
1373:NWO
1238:Zen
1220:or
1172:In
1122:In
1103:or
1095:In
1655::
1382:.
1256:.
1176:,
1135:.
1115:.
149:on
43:,
1530:.
1505:.
1084:e
1077:t
1070:v
998:"
994:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
