1987:
1921:
1653:
663:
773:
1263:). The second, the technical grade, which is the most in use, defines the technical difficulty of the hardest movements (or sequences of movements) and is an open-ended scale that starts with Roman numerals (and a "sup." for additional refinement between numerals), up to VIsup., which is roughly VII+ (UIAA) f6b+ (French) or 5.10d (American). After VIsup., the system moves to Arabic numerals, starting at 7, and using the symbols "a", "b", and "c" for additional refinement between numerals (e.g. VI, VIsup, 7a, 7b, 7c, 8a, etc,.).
603:(i.e. rock climbing on short routes), the most widely used systems are the American V-scale (or "Hueco") system (e.g. V14), and the French "Font" system (e.g. 8C+). The Font system often attaches an "F" prefix to further distinguish it from French sport climbing grades, which itself uses an "f" prefix (e.g. F8C+ vs. f8c+). It is increasingly common for sport climbing rock routes to describe their hardest technical movements in terms of their boulder grade (e.g. an f7a sport climbing route being described as having a V6
614:(i.e. the opposite of free climbing), the most widely used system is the A-grade system (e.g. A3+), which was recalibrated in the 1990s as the "new wave" system from the legacy A-grade system. For "clean aid climbing" (i.e. aid climbing equipment is used but only where the equipment is temporary and not permanently hammered into the rock), the most common system is the C-system (e.g. C3+). Aid climbing grades take time to stabilize as successive repeats of aid climbing routes can materially reduce the grade.
1321:
897:
1430:
1754:
1847:
2127:
60:
1178:
1501:
2035:
1964:, with Roman numerals 1–7 for the "overall" challenges and risks, and a "technical scale" that uses Arabic levels 1–7 for the hardest movements. Other grades can be provided to reflect the mixed climbing (M-level), the thickness of the ice (R-level), and the fragility of the structure (X-level). In practice, Canadian Ice "technical grades" are equivalent to the WI-grade, but omit the "WI"; a typical route could be graded as III-4.
1103:, being an Arabic number that starts at 4 and uses the additional "a", "b", and "c" symbols for refinement between the numbers (unlike the French grades, it does not also use the "+" refinement, and simply goes: 4a, 4b, 4c, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, ... etc.,). British climbers use the prefix "f" to distinguish French sport-grades from British technical grades, which is important as they are not equivalent (e.g. British 5c is f6b+).
1041:
1936:– with a Roman numeral denoting the "overall" difficulty (e.g. technical challenge, length, and the level of boldness/physicality/stamina required). A second Arabic number grades the technical difficulty of the hardest move on the route. A climb graded (VI, 6) means the difficulty of the hardest move is standard for the overall grade, whereas a climb graded (VI, 8) denotes the hardest move is above the overall grade.
7532:
7520:
2256:
644:, the greater complexity of routes requires several grades to reflect the difficulties of the various rock, ice, and mixed climbing challenges. The International French Adjectival System (IFAS, e.g.TD+)–which is identical to the "UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty" (e.g. I–VI)–is used to grade the "overall" risk and difficulty of mountain routes (with the gradient of the snow/ice fields) (e.g. the
855:
the "−" and "+" symbols). The French system starts at 1 and closely aligns with the UIAA scale up to UIAA V+, which is French grade 6a, but thereafter begins to diverge. The French grading system is the dominant system in Europe, and it and the
American YDS system are the most dominant systems worldwide; beyond the easiest grades, the two systems can be almost exactly aligned in
7556:
7544:
1218:), the Ewbank system is not solely based on the hardest technical movement on the route but also takes into account the exposure, length, quality of rock, availability of protection, and other factors. Thus, a dangerous route with easier technical climbing might get the same grade as a safe route but with harder technical climbing. The system relies on the
809:) are the "French numerical system" and the "American YDS system". The "UIAA scale" is still popular in Germany and across parts of Central Europe. Many countries with a history of free climbing have also developed their own free climbing grading systems including the British E-grade system and the Australia/New Zealand "Ewbank" system.
2062:), grades the overall difficulty of a route, taking into account the length, technical difficulties, exposure, and commitment level (i.e. how hard is a retreat). The system was created by French climbers, and when the UIAA formally adopted it in 1967 they assigned Roman numerals to the six levels, which caused confusion with the
750:, which in the 1950s was further adapted into the Yosemite Decimal System that added a decimal place to the class 5 grade (e.g. 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, etc.), and which by the 1960s was again amended to introduce the letters "a", "b", "c", and "d" after 5.9 to further refine the levels (e.g. 5.9, 5.10a, 5.10b, 5.10c, etc.).
584:(i.e. climbing rock routes with no aid), the most widely used grading systems are the French numerical or sport system (e.g. f7c+), the American YDS system (e.g. 5.13a), and latterly the UIAA scale (e.g. IX+). These systems are focused on technical difficulty, which is the main focus of the lower-risk activity of
1210:, and it became the dominant system for Australia and New Zealand, and latterly for South Africa (with small local variations). The system is open-ended and uses only Arabic numerals (i.e. no "a", "b", "c" or "+" and "−" refinements), starts a 1 (easiest), and continues upward. Unlike many other systems (e.g.
1096:
uses the labels (starting from the easiest): M (moderate), D (difficult), VD (very difficult), HVD (hard very difficult), S (severe), HS (hard severe), VS (very severe), and HVS (hard very severe). After HVS, the label switches to E (extreme), but then rises as E1, E2, E3, E4, ... etc., in an open-ended scale.
1535:. Legend is that his publisher would not print the book without some kind of rating of his 900 routes. The V-scale is an open-ended scale that starts at V0 (although a slightly easier "VB" has been used for beginners), and increases in single-digit steps (i.e. V5, V6, V7), and was at V17 in 2023 with
2017:
For a time, there were a number of "commitment grade" systems that primarily focused on the amount of time required for the route (e.g. Grade I being several hours to Grade VII being several weeks), such as the
American National Climbing Classification System (NCCS), but for various reasons these are
1976:
that used NEI levels 1 to 5 (and a later level of 5+) to grade ice routes, which in effect equated to the WI-grades of WI1 to WI5 (and NEI 5+ at WI6). The NEI levels are considered to be slightly "harder" than the equivalent WI-grades. Following the international trend, the WI-system is now commonly
1877:
ranked his new M-grades to the level of physical exertion needed on a free rock climb; for example, Lowe estimated that M8 was equivalent to 5.12 (American YDS). Other authors have tried to align M-grades with rock climbing grades, and now equate M8 to 5.10/5.11, however, there is some variation and
1787:
from WI1 up to WI6/WI7, but after M6/M7, mixed climbs become overhanging, which ice does not. WI-grades try to take some account of the difficulty of placing protection on the route but, as with M-grades, are more focused on the technical and physical challenge of the route, and are thus more akin to
1693:
The original "UIAA Scale of
Difficulty in Aided Climbing" system went from A0 to A5 and focused on the number and quality of "bodyweight placements" (i.e. can only take static bodyweight and not a falling bodyweight) versus "bombproof placements" on a given pitch. The grades were less concerned with
1678:
route can change materially over time due to improvements in aid equipment but also due to the impact of repeated ascents that subsequent aid climbing teams make to a route. It is not uncommon for a new A5 route in
Yosemite to become a "beaten-out A3+ route" due to the effect of repeated hammering of
1411:
The climb is about 45m long, the first 20m are about 8b climbing with a couple of really really good knee-bars. Then comes the crux boulder problem, 10 moves of 8C . And when I say 8C boulder problem, I really mean it. ... I reckon just linking 8C into 8B into 7C is a 9b+ sport climb, I'm pretty
1384:
systems as they use similar symbols, however, boulder grades are very different from free climbing grades and they start at much harder technical levels. For example, the entry-level Font-grade 4 / V-grade V0 is equivalent to the free climbing grades of 6a to 6a+ (French), VI to VII− (UIAA), and 5.9
1004:
scale (or UIAA Scale of
Difficulty) for free climbing was developed from the original "Welzenbach scale" in 1967 and uses the Roman numerals of that scale with "+" and "−" symbols for refinement between numerals after Grade III (i.e. III, IV−, IV, IV+, V−, V, V+ etc.,). Initially, the UIAA scale was
753:
While individual countries developed their own rock climbing grading systems, the
American system, French system, and latterly the "UIAA scale" became popular internationally (with the American and French dominating sport climbing). The UIAA "Scale of Overall Assessment" dropped its six Roman numbers
742:
published the "French numerical scale", which replaced the UIAA Roman numerals with Arabic numerals, and where French 6a equaled UIAA VI+. The two scales were summarised as "Plaisir Grades" and aligned in a UIAA table where French grades 1–6a aligned with "UIAA scale" grades I–VI+; beyond that level,
3702:
As of 2023, the
American and French bouldering grade systems can be compared in the following way (they exactly align after V9 / 7C). Various authors have created tables to compare bouldering grades of Font/V-grade, to the free climbing French sport/American YDS grades, but because of the different
2271:
In the "Alaskan
Overall Difficulties" system, mountaineering routes are graded from 1 (easiest) to 6 (hardest), and factor in difficulty, length, and commitment (including storms, cold, and cornicing). The system was developed by Boyd N. Everett, Jr. in 1966, for the particular challenges of Alaskan
1861:
routes approximates the ice climbing WI grades, up to M6, but they then diverge as mixed routes can become very overhanging and eventually turn into roofs (ice is not normally overhanging, aside from
Helmecken Falls routes). M-grades do not take into account the "danger" of the route (i.e. how good
1110:
technical grade for a standard route. For example, E4 is often associated with 6a, so E4 6a means the route has a normal level of risk and other related factors for its technical level of 6a. However, E5 6a would imply that the risk is higher (i.e. closer to an
American YDS "R"), while E6 6a would
854:
The French numerical system for free climbing was developed from the UIAA scale in the 1980s but uses Arabic numbers instead of the UIAA scale's Roman numerals, and also uses the letters "a", "b" and "c" and the "+" symbol to give additional refinement between the numbers (whereas the UIAA uses only
696:
compressed the scale and reversed the order so level 00 became level IV–V, and it became popular in the Alps. In 1967, the "Welzenbach scale" formally became the "UIAA scale" for rock climbing (or "UIAA Scale of Difficulty") with Roman numerals I–VI, and a "+" and "−" to refine each level. The UIAA
568:
of subsequent ascents. While many countries with a strong tradition of climbing developed grading systems, a small number of grading systems have become internationally dominant for each type of climbing, which has contributed to the standardization of grades worldwide. Over the years, grades have
1591:
in 1958, it contained just three grades: B1 (easiest), B2, and B3 (hardest). B1 was "the highest level of difficulty in traditional roped climbing" (which was about American YDS 5.10 (or French 6a / UIAA VI+) at that time, B2 was "harder than anything in B1", and B3 was a "route that had been tried
1541:. The V-scale doesn't consider risk and is purely focused on the technical difficulty of the movements. The V-scale is the dominant scale in North America, and it and the Font scale are the most dominant systems worldwide; beyond the easiest grades, the two systems can be almost exactly aligned in
1095:
The first grade is an "adjectival grade" that covers the overall difficulty of the route and takes into account the: "seriousness, sustaindness, technical difficulty, exposure, strenuousness, rock quality, and any other less tangible aspects which lend difficulty to a pitch". This adjectival grade
2013:
Due to the complexity and length of mountaineering and alpine climbing routes, their grading systems are focused on the "overall" – or "global level" – of risk and/or commitment of the route. The specific rock climbing, aid climbing, and/or ice and mixed climbing difficulties of the route will be
937:
and a number that starts at 1 and counts up with increasing difficulty (e.g. 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, etc.). At 5.10, the system adds the letters "a", "b", "c", and "d" as further refinements between levels, and the scale continues upward (e.g. 5.10a, 5.10b, 5.10c, 5.10d, 5.11a, 5.11b, etc.,). The American
1708:
In the 1990s, Yosemite aid climbers created what they called a "new wave" aid grading system that expanded the range of the original UIAA system to A6 (they had already re-defined parts of the UIAA system), and introduced an intermediate "+" grade from A2 onwards for specific tricky or strenuous
754:
in favor of the six adjectival grades of the French Alpine System (to avoid confusion with the "UIAA scale") and dominated alpine climbing grading, while the UIAA "Scale of Difficulty in Aided Climbing" – amended and expanded in Yosemite in the 1990s as "new-wave" grades – dominated aid grading.
719:
on a broader "Scale of Global Assessment" for alpine climbing (the French Alpine System), and created the "UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty" by assigning Roman numerals I–VI to the six adjectival levels (e.g. F, PD, AD, D, TD, and ED) of the French system. The UIAA also incorporated a "Scale of
2109:
has an IFAS ED2-grade even though the rock climbing is only at UIAA VI− and the ice climbing at 60 degrees (or WI-4 grade), which is more typically associated with an IFAS D-grade; this is due to the exceptional length and serious dangers of the route. Some guidebooks have still attempted to
1717:
When the original or the "new wave" aid climbs can be ascended without the use of a hammer (for pitons or copperheads), the "A" suffix is replaced by a "C" to denote "clean climbing". In Yosemite, an "F" suffix is placed after the "C" if fixed gear (e.g. bolts) is required to go clean (or
2160:
as "commitment grade" for mountaineering routes, and in particular, the time investment in a route for an "average" climbing team". The NCCS uses Roman numerals form Grade I (few hours of climbing) to Grade VII (several weeks of climbing). The NCCS was popular for a period on American
2005:
The most important grading system in mountaineering is the International French Adjectival System (IFAS) (or French Alpine System, FAS), which is also effectively the "UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty" (they are the same, only differing in labels), and which is used in all forms of
1807:
routes, are not explicitly graded but instead, their steepest angle (approximate figure or a range) is quoted (e.g. 60–70 degree slope). WI-grade is for "seasonal" hard ice; an AI prefix is used instead for "alpine ice", which is year-round and usually firmer, more stable, making
1819:
in Canada that had unique characteristics. Unlike the sheerest WI7 ice routes, these routes were significantly overhanging like extreme M-graded routes. This was due to the intense spray from the waterfall, which covered the overhanging routes in ice so that there was little
1005:
closed-ended and went from Grade I (easiest) up to Grade VI (hardest), where it stopped. In 1978, the "seventh grade" was added—though climbers had been climbing at that level for years—and by 1985 it was formally made into an open-ended scale that went beyond Grade VII.
681:
introduced the first known climbing grading system, which he introduced to rock climbing. The "Benesch scale" had seven levels of difficulty, with level VII the easiest and level I the hardest; as more difficult climbs were made, the grades of level 0 and level 00 were added.
1862:
is the protection in the event of a fall) as they are mostly pre-bolted routes; they, therefore, focus on the technical and physical challenge of the route, and is thus more akin to the French and American free climbing rock grades, although as with the American system, the "
1480:
at Fontainebleau. The Font-scale is an open-ended scale that starts at 1 and increases in single-digit steps but uses a "+" for additional refinement between steps; from grade 6 it introduces a capitalized "A", "B" and "C" for further refinement, and was at 9A in 2023 with
2066:, and thus the French shorthand for the six levels prevailed: F–Facile (easy), PD–Peu Difficile (not very difficult), AD–Assez Difficile (fairly difficult), D–Difficile (difficult), TD–Très Difficile (very difficult), and ED-Extrêmement difficile (extremely difficult).
1609:
scale except the pre-fix "B" was used and it started at B1 (i.e. B1, B2, B3, B4, ... etc.). Peak B-grades are roughly one level easier than V-grades (e.g. V8 was equivalent to B9). The V-grade / Font-grade systems (sometimes the "technical grade" component of the
2336:
with NZ levels 1–7 (and a "+" prefix for refinement between levels) that roughly matched the six IFAS/UIAA levels, and with NZ level 7 at IFAS ED2/3. Logan's system was used for several decades until a new version was proposed by Robert Frost in his 2018 guidebook
1734:
is the M-grade (with the Scottish Winter grade also notable given the unique nature of Scottish mixed routes). Where a route has no ice, and not even the "thin ice coating" common on Scottish Winter routes, it is increasingly common to use a D-grade to indicate
1172:
systems, the Saxon grading system is not purely focused on technical difficulties but is also based on "route length, the total psychological commitment, the placements distance, the risk, the random stops"; it is thus not directly comparable to other
1018:, which is French 9c. While the French system became the dominant scale in Europe, the UIAA scale is still popular in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. The UIAA scale is also commonly found in the grading systems of
1943:
protection, placing greater strains on the climber. British climber Ian Parnell wrote in his guide to Scottish winter climbing that Scottish grades are almost two levels above M-grades, and thus a Scottish (VIII, 8) is similar to an M6; but that an
2322:
grading system, being focused on the time commitment needed to complete the route with some regard to the increasing technical difficulty and the number of pitches and challenges that may be encountered; as with the NCCS system, it is less used
1288:
proposed an extension to the scale. Easier routes were described by the UIAA scale, and harder routes above Grade VI+ used Arabic numerals with a "+" refinement, so that after Grade VI+ came the new grades of: VI.1, VI.1+, VI.2, VI.2+, and so
1388:
This confusion is amplified by the tendency for modern sport-climbers to describe the crux moves on their routes in terms of their bouldering grades – their routes are effectively a series of connected boulder problems. For example, here is
2210:
with the IFAS/UIAA system (the six levels align with the original six UIAA Scale of Global Difficulty levels), and factors in difficulty, altitude, length, and commitment (i.e. risk and difficulty of retreat); the grades are described as:
868:. The system is only focused on the technical demands of the hardest movement on the route. Unlike the American YDS system, there is no allowance for any risks in the route, and thus the French system is more closely aligned with
2169:
and the ability for climbers to complete big wall routes in hours that historically took days (or weeks), made the NCCS less useful; it is still often quoted on American big wall routes (although it is often confused as being the
1643:
on El Capitan is graded '5.9 (American) C2 (aid)' with aid, but an extremely difficult '5.14a (American)' without any aid; guidebooks will mark such routes as '5.9 & C2 (5.14a)', with the no-aid/fully free option in brackets.
2357:
Free climbing systems can be broadly compared per the table below. While most systems do not perfectly align, especially at the lower (or easier) grades, above the level of circa 5.12a (American YDS), f7a+ (French), VIII+, the
1238:
but its closed-end status at VI (up until 1985) led them to create their own systems, however, they align closely to the UIAA scale, particularly to grade IV. While the UIAA scale is still used in Scandinavian countries, the
1234:. Their scales are all open-ended, use Arabic numerals, and use "+" and "−" symbols for additional refinement between the numerals (e.g. −4, 4, 4+, −5, 5, 5+, 6−, 6, ... etc.,). Originally, the Scandinavian countries used the
2085:) was used to indicate if a particular climb is at the lower or upper end of that grade (e.g., a climb slightly harder than "PD+" might be "AD−"), and the specific degree of the snow slopes was added (e.g. 60 degrees).
1896:, which is ice climbing on bare rock with no ice section, the M-grade is usually replaced by a "D" grade prefix (but all other aspects of the two systems are identical). The most extreme dry-tooling route in 2023 is
1491:
by using capitalized letters (i.e. Font 6C+ vs. f6c+), and also the use of "Fb" or capital "F" (for "Font") as a prefix. The distinction is important as the scales are very different (i.e. Fb6C+ is closer to f7c).
884:. To avoid confusion between French grades and the British E-grades, a lowercase "f" (for French) is used as a prefix (e.g. f6a+); this should not be confused with the use of the capitalized "F" or "fb" prefix in
3703:
types of climbing (and particularly the sequences of movements), they are only ever indicative and can vary by several levels between versions; an example is provided in the table below from a report by the
7441:
654:
is graded: ED2 (IFAS), VI− (UIAA), A0 (A-grade), WI4 (WI-grade), 60° slope). The related "commitment grade" systems include the notable American National Climbing Classification System (e.g. I–VI).
7436:
2088:
As standards rose, the ED-grade was further expanded into ED1 (is the original ED−), ED2 (is roughly the original ED), ED3 (is the original ED+), ED4, ED5 .. etc., to denote harder levels of grade.
1454:
In addition, boulder routes that connected various boulder problems into a single longer bouldering route have been graded as if they were sport climbs. A notable example is the 2004 boulder route
2099:
aligns with specific rock and ice climbing grades, as the objective dangers can vary dramatically on alpine routes with similar rock and ice climbing grades. For example, the famous 1,800-metre
724:
with the levels: A1, A2, A3, A4, and (later) A5. In 1978, the UIAA added the VII (seventh grade) to its "UIAA scale", implying that the scale was open-ended, a concept formally adopted in 1985.
1574:, the system begins at 10-kyū (easiest) and gets progressively harder as it counts down to 1-kyū. As with martial arts grading, after 1-kyū the system uses "black-belt grades" of 1-Dan (or
2187:
NCCS Grade V: "Typically requires an overnight on the route, or done fast and free in a day". Grade V is often listed as "one very long day of climbing, or two full days of climbing".
1739:. Some M-graded routes in "dry" areas (i.e. places like the American Rockies, but not Scotland), are more of a combination of a WI-graded ice route with a D-graded dry-tooling route.
963:) denotes the climbing protection is adequate, and if properly placed a fall will be short (in practice, the "PG-13" is usually omitted as it is considered the default). A suffix of "
1284:, where Polish sport climbing was developed, with Grade I (easiest) to Grade VI (hardest). As the climbing level grew, the UIAA scale became inadequate. Polish climber and alpinist
951:. Like the French system, the numerical component of the American YDS system is focused on the hardest move on the route. In 1980, Jim Erickson introduced an additional rating for
5931:
4523:
1008:
The UIAA scale is closely aligned with the French system up to Grade V+, which is French grade 6a, but thereafter begins to diverge, although the two can be reasonably aligned in
1633:
systems are the A-grade (usually the "new wave" version) and the C-grade systems. While aid climbing is less popular as a standalone pursuit, aid techniques remain important in
7488:
6455:
3708:
1001:
2178:
NCCS Grade I and Grade II: "Half a day or less for the technical (5th class) portion of the route". Often listed as "1–3 hours" (for grade I), and "3–5 hours" (for grade II).
7500:
816:
in traditional climbing, and latterly sport climbing (as it took over from traditional climbing as the main focus of the leading free climbers), is an important part of the
938:
YDS system is the dominant system in North America, and it and the French numerical system are the most dominant systems worldwide; beyond the easiest grades, they can be
629:
climbing) uses the M-grade system (e.g. M8), with other notable mixed grading systems including the Scottish Winter system (e.g. Grade VII). Pure dry-tooling routes (i.e.
2303:
is graded 2+ in the aforementioned guidebook. Importantly, even an Alaska Grade 1 climb may involve climbing on snow and glaciers in remote locations and cold weather.
1259:. Brazilian climbing has two grades, with the first being a numerical grade from 1 (easiest) to 8 (hardest) and giving the "overall" level of difficulty (akin to the
1222:, or word of mouth, to clarify the factors that influenced the grade. For the strongest modern sport climbing routes, the Ewbank grade is largely a technical grade.
1592:
on multiple occasions by more than one party but had only been climbed once" (i.e. if a B3 was repeated it would be immediately reclassified as a B2, or even a B1).
1111:
imply a very significant risk (i.e. like the American YDS R/X), and a rare E7 6a would be effectively no protection (i.e. a full American YDS "X", or essentially a
727:
By the 1980s, French guides had customized the "UIAA scale" beyond V+ with the letters "a", "b", and c" (e.g. V+, VIa, VIb, etc.). At the end of the 1980s, French
6443:
960:
1986:
1230:. Norway, Finland, and Sweden have scales that are numerically different (e.g. they don't align exactly), but in effect are very similar and can be aligned in
5678:
1828:
like M-grade climbs and the result was a series of new WI-graded routes that laid claim as the "world's hardest ice routes"; by 2020, they reached WI13 with
621:, the most widely used grading system is the WI ("water ice") system (e.g. WI6) and the identical AI ("alpine ice") system (e.g. AI6). The related sport of
6428:
1164:. As well as Roman numerals, the Saxon grades use the symbols "a", "b" and "c" for further refinement between numerals from grade VII onwards. Unlike the
1099:
The second grade is a "technical grade" that focuses on the hardest technical movement on the route. This technical grade has a very similar format to the
101:
1487:. The Font-scale has no regard to any risk and is purely focused on the technical difficulty of the movements. The Font-scale is distinguished from the
7482:
7451:
539:
1347:
grading systems are the French Font-grade and the American V-grade systems. Beyond the easiest grades, the two systems can be almost exactly aligned in
1070:(which has the R/X labels for traditional climbing routes), never came into wider use for traditional climbing outside of Britain. Within Britain, the
6477:
6472:
1510:
1404:
1365:
1315:
1190:
835:
813:
790:
767:
763:
125:
70:
5911:
4666:
1637:
and alpine climbing, where the level of difficulties can vary significantly on long routes, and thus the use of aid in places is still common (e.g.
1074:
is more popular for British bolted sport climbing routes. As of April 2024, the highest consensus E-grade on a traditional route in Britain was on
662:
2341:
that had two sets of grades: Level I–VII for seriousness and commitment, and Level 1–8 for the technical challenge (rock, ice and mixed climbing).
1301:
routes (they typically use the French grading system or American YDS system for the technical challenge). Notable examples include the British
918:
4675:
1355:
tend to be materially softer than the equivalent outdoor grade up until about V10 / Font 7C+ (e.g. an indoor V4–6 could be an outdoor V2–3).
1520:
The V-grade (short for "Vermin" or "Verm", and also known as the "Hueco" scale) was first published in 1991 by American bouldering pioneer
1305:(e.g. S0, S1, S2, S3), which covers the objective risk of the route including tides, under-water objects, height of any potential fall etc.
6438:
5979:
5472:
1106:
The secret to understanding the British E-grade system is the relationship between the two grades. For each adjectival grade there is a
5074:
6087:
5920:
5825:
5636:
5566:
5306:
5272:
5247:
5192:
5164:
4978:
4383:
6423:
6408:
1141:
91:
7560:
1614:
system is used) have replaced Peak B-grades in Britain but they appear in some guidebooks and some boulder grade conversion tables.
1652:
5944:
4947:
4697:
5379:
5099:
1920:
7421:
4877:
4348:
2014:
graded separately (per the earlier grading systems) and listed alongside the mountaineering grade (e.g. see photo opposite).
971:" for routes with little or no protection and where any fall could be very long and potentially fatal (i.e. also known as a "
532:
1948:
of a Scottish VIII, 8 using traditional climbing protection, would be similar in difficulty to a bolted sport climbing M8.
772:
7351:
6728:
5588:
743:
the two systems diverged and for example, French 7a+ equates to UIAA grade VIII and French 9a equates to UIAA grade XI.
6059:
5841:
1476:") is one of the oldest boulder grading systems whose origins can be traced back to at least 1960 with Michel Libert's
1473:
1853:(M9), Wyoming. Many M-grade routes are really a combination of a WI-grade ice route and a D-grade dry tooling route.
6723:
6489:
1863:
1797:
1667:
1505:
1116:
972:
968:
964:
137:
1932:
Mixed climbing in Scotland is known as "Scottish Winter climbing" and uses a dual-grading system – similar to the
7411:
6773:
4872:
4375:
1694:
the physical demands of the route (although there was some mention), and risk was only introduced later with A5.
1054:(centre), which was the first-ever E9-graded route on the British system at E9 6c (British) or 5.13a X (American)
525:
7326:
7321:
6467:
5704:
4343:
1537:
1483:
1360:
817:
483:
120:
5652:
2126:
709:
2286:
Alaska Grade 3: Either a serious fifth-class one-day climb, or a multiday climb with some technical elements.
1670:; the route was then graded 5.9 A4 (original A-grade), but is now graded 5.8 C2+ R (post "new-wave" C-grade).
1605:
in Britain is an important bouldering area and had developed a bouldering scale that was very similar to the
7587:
7456:
7251:
7226:
7117:
7110:
6515:
6418:
6373:
5984:
5943:
Nick Draper; David Giles; Volker Schöffl; Franz Konstantin Fuss; Phillip Watts; et al. (October 2015).
5906:
5477:
4696:
Nick Draper; David Giles; Volker Schöffl; Franz Konstantin Fuss; Phillip Watts; et al. (October 2015).
4661:
2095:
certain grades of rock, ice, or mixed climbing difficulties, the UIAA warns against assuming the IFAS grade
375:
1320:
933:
Class 1–5 system in the 1950s. As a result, the system has a "5" as its prefix which is then followed by a
560:
that reflects the technical difficulty—and in some cases the risks and commitment level—of the route. The
7426:
7366:
7276:
6919:
6672:
6528:
6460:
6080:
1558:. Also known as the "kyū dan" system, is widely used in Japan, and is constructed in a way that resembles
1521:
1084:(E11 7a), which are considered equivalent to American 5.14 R or French f8b+/f8c+. Outside of Britain, the
435:
113:
65:
4775:
1256:
714:
676:
7401:
7316:
6818:
6684:
5046:
5018:
2299:
A plus (+) may be added to indicate somewhat higher difficulty. For example, the West Buttress Route on
2264:
1639:
1203:
1115:
route). Similarly, E3 6a implies a well-protected route, while E2 or E1 6a would imply easily available
896:
4803:
1062:), which uses two separate open-ended grades for each route. This structure is particularly adapted to
1045:
1429:
732:
686:
7548:
7431:
7416:
7406:
6657:
6623:
6403:
6177:
6155:
6136:
5935:
4527:
3704:
2363:
2283:
Alaska Grade 2: Either a moderate fifth-class one-day climb, or a normal multiday nontechnical climb.
1940:
1757:
1145:
1085:
1063:
1035:
952:
877:
806:
589:
209:
187:
168:
6039:
1753:
7306:
7124:
7103:
7006:
6948:
6943:
6902:
6877:
6800:
6706:
6628:
6540:
6281:
5384:
5133:
5051:
5023:
4836:
4808:
4780:
2101:
1874:
1846:
1783:
system is the WI (for "water ice") grading system. WI-grades broadly equate to the mixed climbing
1588:
1394:
956:
698:
671:
646:
593:
445:
423:
74:
7519:
5128:
7446:
7028:
6996:
6667:
6650:
6506:
6484:
6450:
6199:
6194:
6189:
5967:
4720:
2362:
becomes the dominant free-climbing format and most grades closely align; the exception being the
2166:
1525:
1302:
1298:
1219:
1153:
728:
574:
570:
505:
450:
231:
226:
221:
108:
6019:
4831:
1709:
sections, and gave more detailed definitions at each grading level than the original A-grades.
1026:(e.g. PD, D, TD, ED), where the UIAA scale is often used to grade the free climbing component.
7582:
7536:
7461:
7256:
7184:
7159:
7145:
7138:
6953:
6855:
6535:
6206:
6131:
6073:
5916:
5821:
5779:
5632:
5562:
5302:
5268:
5243:
5188:
5160:
4974:
4914:
4671:
4379:
2162:
1634:
1578:, "the first step"); 1-Dan is roughly equal to a V7 grade, while 6-Dan (or rokudan) is at V16.
1500:
1456:
1442:
1325:
1149:
979:
909:
746:
In America, a version of the Welzenbach Scale was introduced for rock climbing in 1937 by the
478:
468:
238:
163:
43:
1679:
cracks (which widens them), and to the build-up of permanent in-situ aid climbing equipment.
1066:
routes (which are more common in Britain), but it is still considered complex and unlike the
7396:
7331:
7311:
7286:
7271:
7016:
6892:
6635:
6271:
5959:
5945:"Comparative grading scales, statistical analyses, climber descriptors and ability grouping"
5208:
4908:
4904:
4712:
4698:"Comparative grading scales, statistical analyses, climber descriptors and ability grouping"
4367:
2131:
2047:
1285:
1157:
1080:
510:
286:
276:
130:
2197:". Often listed as "more than a week of hard climbing in extreme (i.e. alpine) conditions".
2034:
925:
The American YDS (or 'Yosemite Decimal System') was developed independently by climbers at
59:
7524:
7391:
7336:
7291:
7266:
7236:
7021:
6991:
6914:
6909:
6768:
6716:
6640:
6601:
6574:
6259:
6232:
4338:
2111:
2029:
2007:
1825:
1804:
1399:
1177:
1019:
1014:
947:
873:
864:
822:
785:
641:
604:
500:
259:
2190:
NCCS Grade VI: "Two or more days of hard climbing". Often listed as "two days to a week".
988:
737:
691:
1407:
free climb in the world to carry a grade of 9c (French), 5.15d (American), XII+ (UIAA):
820:. As of September 2023, the hardest free climb in the world is the sport climbing route
596:. Notable traditional climbing systems include the British E-grade system (e.g. E4 6a).
7383:
7356:
7261:
7231:
7096:
7043:
6986:
6981:
6931:
6872:
6808:
6679:
6662:
6579:
6413:
6378:
6343:
6338:
6293:
6251:
6222:
6172:
6160:
2359:
1915:
1858:
1841:
1816:
1803:
The WI-grade is for "hard ice"; steep snow slopes, which are encountered frequently on
1784:
1772:
1762:
1731:
1186:
1040:
967:" is added where protection is inadequate and any fall could risk serious injury, and "
869:
849:
802:
780:
637:
622:
585:
553:
495:
440:
385:
345:
340:
264:
249:
204:
192:
96:
5816:
Ogden, Jared (2005). "Chapter 2: Big Wall Climbing Procedures, Grades & Ratings".
5238:
Ogden, Jared (2005). "Chapter 2: Big Wall Climbing Procedures, Grades & Ratings".
5047:"Gym Bouldering Grades Vs. Outdoor Grades: 11 Reasons Why Outdoor Climbing Feels Hard"
2318:. This system has seven levels denoted by Roman numerals I–VII, and is similar to the
1364:
in Lappnor in Finland, which is graded 9A (Font) and V17 (V-grade/Hueco), and was the
7576:
7346:
7246:
7191:
7152:
7051:
7001:
6976:
6887:
6860:
6740:
6596:
6562:
6383:
6358:
6237:
6227:
6184:
6167:
6111:
5999:
5971:
4724:
2146:
1602:
1575:
1352:
934:
926:
798:
581:
418:
390:
380:
360:
216:
199:
148:
31:
30:
This article is about classifying climbing routes. For the measure of steepness, see
4939:
7466:
7361:
7241:
7177:
7056:
7011:
6755:
6618:
6606:
6567:
6552:
6363:
6288:
6276:
6126:
2228:
Russian Grade 3A: Contains 1 to 1.5 pitches of III climbing on a multi-pitch route.
2194:
2142:
1780:
1748:
1727:
1703:
1688:
1675:
1660:
1630:
1624:
1559:
900:
721:
703:
618:
611:
561:
473:
365:
293:
281:
158:
5963:
5389:
4716:
2255:
2246:
Russian Grade 6A and 6B: Multi-day routes with considerable VI or harder climbing.
17:
5183:
Elli, Fabio; Zabrok, Peter (2019). "Chapter 2. A Brief History of Aid Climbing".
2280:
Alaska Grade 1: Climb requires one day only, no technical (fifth-class) climbing.
2272:
climbing, and rarely appears outside of the region. A summary of the levels from
7301:
7296:
7033:
6926:
6825:
6611:
6545:
6368:
6348:
6310:
6298:
6264:
5754:
2240:
Russian Grade 5A: Contains several pitches of V climbing on a 1- to 3-day route.
2184:
NCCS Grade IV: "A full day of technical climbing". Often listed as "a full day".
2157:
2050:, and graded TD (IFAS), 5.9 (American), 5c (French), VI− (UIAA-rock), IV (NCCS).
2001:, which is graded ED (IFAS-overall), VI (UIAA-rock), AI6 (WI-ice), M8 (M-mixed).
1973:
1893:
1887:
1821:
1736:
1530:
1050:
930:
747:
626:
370:
350:
310:
298:
269:
2181:
NCCS Grade III: "Most of a day of roped climbing". Often listed as "5–8 hours".
1464: (8C) as a boulder route, but also f9a (5.14d) as a sport climbing route.
6882:
6763:
6696:
6557:
6328:
6305:
6148:
6143:
6009:
4742:
4604:
2134:
2043:
1990:
1656:
1417:
1390:
1344:
945:
The American YDS system is an open-ended scale that was at 5.15d in 2023 with
914:
776:
600:
330:
305:
180:
175:
5518:
5263:
Elli, Fabio; Zabrok, Peter (2019). "Chapter 2. Aid Climbing Rating Systems".
2231:
Russian Grade 3B: One or two pitches of III+/IV climbing on a full-day route.
1800:" suffix is sometimes used alongside the WI-grade to grade additional risks.
7205:
7198:
7066:
7061:
6971:
6936:
6850:
6795:
6701:
6645:
6584:
6333:
6029:
5877:
5554:
1901:
1571:
1112:
904:
827:
408:
335:
2332:. The "Mount Cook" system was proposed by Hugh Logan in his 1982 guidebook
1281:
1255:
dates from 1912 and the ascent of the "Dedo de Deus" (God's Finger) in the
1144:, it was gradually adopted by other climbing areas in the region, such as
7281:
7131:
6867:
6830:
6788:
6778:
6096:
6049:
5679:"Tom Ballard claims world's first D15 dry tooling climb in the Dolomites"
5104:
2267:, which is graded 5.8 (American YDS), WI-6 (ice), M7 (mixed), A2 (Alaska)
1998:
1563:
1297:
grades. A number of systems have been used to assign a "risk" grade for
834:
is graded 9c (French), 5.15d (American YDS), and XII+ (UIAA), and is the
801:
grading systems (which include the two main free climbing disciplines of
630:
430:
413:
51:
6897:
6783:
6733:
6589:
6353:
4918:
2206:
The Russian grading system has a range from grade 1A–6B that aligns in
2054:
The IFAS system (or UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty), also called the
1945:
1351:. For various reasons, it is also noted that boulder grades on indoor
1252:
569:
consistently risen in all forms of climbing, helped by improvements in
355:
4832:"Adam Ondra Repeats 'Bon Voyage', Confirms World's Hardest Trad Grade"
6745:
6711:
2300:
1796:
free climbing systems, although as with the American YDS system, an "
862:
The French system is an open-ended scale that was at 9c in 2023 with
1567:
764:
List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Single-pitch routes
1358:
As of September 2023, the hardest bouldering route in the world is
921:
big-wall free solo at the grade of 5.13a (American) or 7c+ (French)
880:
routes graded by the French system, and thus it is also called the
768:
List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Multi-pitch routes
7494:
7341:
6813:
6691:
6523:
4804:"Did James Pearson Just Establish the World's Hardest Trad Route?"
4167:(and the UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty), in the following way:
2254:
2125:
2106:
2033:
1985:
1919:
1845:
1752:
1730:
is the WI-grade, while the most dominant international system for
1651:
1499:
1428:
1319:
1176:
1058:
The most complex grading system is the British E-grade system (or
1039:
895:
771:
661:
651:
6020:
International Climbing Grade Comparison Chart (Rock and Boulders)
1316:
List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Boulder problems
1160:. While it uses Roman numerals, it is a separate system from the
77:
freed it in 1991 at 9a (French), 5.14d (American YDS), XI (UIAA).
6060:(Comparative Grades Table) Reporting Grades in Climbing Research
6043:
5100:"Daniel Woods: "The Wheel of Life is a 9a track without plates""
666:
The six levels (Grade I–VI) of the "Welzenbach scale", from 1926
6069:
1140:). Developed at the start of the 20th century for the emerging
4776:"Is the British E-Grade Broken? And Can an Algorithm Fix It?"
2237:
Russian Grade 4B: Several pitches of IV+ or some V+ climbing.
633:
with no ice) use the D-grade prefix (e.g. D8 instead of M8).
7495:
Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes
5627:
Gresham, Neil; Parnell, Ian (January 2009). "Mixed grades".
6065:
1385:
to 5.10c (American YDS), depending on what table is used.
1023:
564:
can suggest a grade, but it will be amended to reflect the
5297:
McNamara, Chris; Van Leuven, Chris (2011). "Aid Ratings".
5265:
Hooking Up – The Ultimate Big Wall and Aid Climbing Manual
5185:
Hooking Up – The Ultimate Big Wall and Aid Climbing Manual
2141:, is graded 5.7 (American), A2+ (A-grade), VI (NCCS) with
1824:(i.e. all the movement was on hard ice). The routes were
876:
protection removes some risk). It is less common to find
6062:, International Rock Climbing Research Association (2015)
5589:"Emmett talks about "Mission to Mars" and Helmcken Falls"
2218:
Russian Grade 2A: Several pitches of easy roped climbing.
4372:
Continental Divide: A History of American Mountaineering
1939:
This dual grade is needed as Scottish winter climbs use
1815:
In 2010, ice climbers began to put up new ice routes at
4873:"A brief explanation of UK traditional climbing grades"
2243:
Russian Grade 5B: Two-plus days with some VI+ climbing.
789:, the hardest free climbing route in the world and the
4670:(9th ed.). Quiller Publishing. pp. 563–570.
3688:
Main sources: RockFax Rock Climbing Grade Table (2021)
1509:
is one of the most famous boulders in history and the
793:
at 9c (French), 5.15d (American YDS), and XII+ (UIAA).
7437:
Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
2289:
Alaska Grade 4: Multiday, moderately technical climb.
2234:
Russian Grade 4A: A full-day route with IV+ climbing.
1961:
1928:, the second-ever Scottish Winder Grade XII/12 route.
7489:
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
7442:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
5820:(1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 56–60.
5653:"Mixed Climbing Grades: Everything You Need to Know"
5242:(1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 59–60.
3709:
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
2295:
Alaska Grade 6: Multiday, extremely technical climb.
1450: (8C), and a free climbing route at f9a (5.14d)
7501:
Union of International Mountain Leader Associations
7475:
7382:
7375:
7219:
7169:
7088:
7081:
6964:
6843:
6754:
6514:
6505:
6498:
6396:
6321:
6250:
6215:
6119:
6110:
6103:
5705:"Watch Ueli Steck on Les Drus North Couloir Direct"
5561:(1st ed.). Mountaineers Books. p. 84-86.
5019:"10 Things You Didn't Know About Bouldering Grades"
4971:
Deep Water: Rockfax Guidebook to Deep Water Soloing
4145:
Main sources: RockFax Bouldering Grade Table (2021)
5075:"Adam Ondra climbing towards the world's first 9c"
1376:The Font-grade system is easily confused with the
986:grade (Levels I–VII) with the YDS grade (e.g. the
4940:"Historia wspinania na Jurze - ABCWSPINANIA.info"
2292:Alaska Grade 5: Multiday, highly technical climb.
2118:rock and ice climbing grades at each IPAS level.
1570:). Developed in the Japanese bouldering area of
5872:
5870:
5868:
5866:
1409:
5267:(1st ed.). Versante Sud. pp. 71–87.
5187:(1st ed.). Versante Sud. pp. 25–52.
4907:; Coley, David (2015). "Chapter 17. Grading".
4664:(October 2017). "Appendix A: Rating Systems".
4298:
4276:
4254:
4232:
4210:
4188:
4077:
3997:
3874:
3747:
3509:
3473:
3435:
3399:
3222:
3186:
3151:
3114:
2953:
2916:
2881:
2846:
2456:
2225:) II+ and III climbing on a multi-pitch route.
1972:(NEI). A system was developed in the 1970s in
1878:no consensus that such comparisons are valid.
1280:was used in the limestone climbing areas near
6081:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
1726:The most dominant system internationally for
1446:, which is graded at both a boulder route at
1243:is now more common for sport-climbing routes.
588:. The American system adds an R/X suffix to
533:
8:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4626:
1916:Mixed climbing § Scottish winter grades
1900:(D16) in the "Tomorrow's World Cave" in the
1022:routes, and particularly those that use the
959:is assessed. A suffix of "PG-13" (using the
697:also incorporated proposals made in 1943 by
5336:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5284:
2215:Russian Grade 1B: Some easy roped climbing.
1789:
1488:
1377:
1332: (8C) is the diagonal green line, and
1206:created his scale as an alternative to the
1100:
7483:International Federation of Sport Climbing
7379:
7085:
6511:
6502:
6116:
6107:
6088:
6074:
6066:
5559:Ice & Mixed Climbing: Modern Technique
5301:(3rd ed.). SuperTopo. p. 18-19.
4605:"Grade Conversions: Alpine Grading System"
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
1012:. The UIAA scale was at XII+ in 2023 with
955:routes where the level and quality of the
592:routes to reflect the additional risks of
540:
526:
38:
5842:"The Moonflower Buttress (Bibler/Klewin)"
4563:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4183:
4178:
4164:
2193:NCCS Grade VII: "Remote walls climbed in
1587:. Created by American bouldering pioneer
1260:
5932:"Scales of Difficulty in Mountaineering"
5912:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
5748:
5746:
5012:
5010:
4667:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
4169:
3713:
2372:
1993:on the 800-metre alpine climbing route,
1092:in Annot, France at E12, or 5.14d / 9a.
27:Degree of difficulty of a climbing route
5744:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5583:
5581:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4359:
3740:
3733:
2386:
2376:
2156:(NCCS) was devised in the 1960s by the
2154:National Climbing Classification System
1812:routes slightly easier than WI routes.
1793:
1240:
1215:
1211:
1169:
1165:
1071:
1067:
838:climb to have those grades in history.
459:
399:
321:
247:
146:
82:
50:
5980:"International Grade Comparison Chart"
5909:(2018). "Appendix A: Rating Systems".
5811:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5784:International School of Mountaineering
5549:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5473:"International Grade Comparison Chart"
5425:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5380:"International Grade Comparison Chart"
5233:
5231:
5229:
5178:
5176:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4736:
4734:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
2207:
2022:International French Adjectival System
1960:. Canadian ice climbs quote both the
1542:
1348:
1231:
1009:
939:
856:
826:which is in the Hanshelleren Cave, in
5622:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5610:
4950:from the original on 18 November 2018
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4395:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2380:
2375:
1704:Aid climbing § New wave A-grades
1689:Aid climbing § Original A-grades
1193:8b+ (French), 5.14a (American) route.
961:American cinema classification system
7:
7543:
5934:. Central School of Mountaineering,
4910:High - Advanced Multi-Pitch Climbing
4691:
4689:
4687:
4526:. Central School of Mountaineering,
1924:Greg Boswell on the first ascent of
1892:When mixed climbing is done as pure
1767:high up on the severely overhanging
1207:
1202:system. In 1967, Australian climber
1198:Australia/New Zealand/South African
1189:, grade 32 (Ewbank) and the world's
7555:
4802:Potter, Stephen (9 February 2023).
1036:Traditional climbing § Grading
830:, Norway; the severely overhanging
6010:RockFax Climbing Grade Conversions
5818:Big Wall Climbing: Elite Technique
5240:Big Wall Climbing: Elite Technique
4871:Grimes, Niall (28 February 2016).
4524:"Scales of Difficulty in Climbing"
2445:
983:
929:who adapted the class 5 rating of
720:Difficulty in Aided Climbing" for
670:In 1894, the Austrian mountaineer
25:
7452:South African Climbing Federation
5930:Mandelli, G; Angriman, A (2016).
5159:. Bloomsbury Sport. p. 185.
5129:"John Gill, Father of Bouldering"
5073:Hobley, Nicholas (26 June 2017).
5045:Miller, Delaney (21 March 2022).
4830:Clarke, Owen (21 February 2024).
4522:Mandelli, G; Angriman, A (2016).
2440:
2421:
2174:). NCCS grades are described as:
2165:routes, however, advancements in
2145:; or 5.13d (American), VI (NCCS)
1142:Saxon Switzerland climbing region
7554:
7542:
7531:
7530:
7518:
6424:IFSC World Championships winners
1962:Canadian Winter Commitment Grade
1261:UIAA Scale of Overall Difficulty
58:
4774:Gresham, Neil (27 April 2023).
3724:
2393:
2171:
2063:
1513:
1461:
1447:
1437:
1368:boulder to reach those grades.
1336:
1329:
1277:
1235:
1161:
885:
7422:British Mountaineering Council
5878:"Grades and Grade Conversions"
5858:5.8 (YDS) WI6 M7 A2 Steep Snow
4878:British Mountaineering Council
4349:Trail difficulty rating system
2030:Alpine climbing § Grading
1842:Mixed climbing § M-grades
982:routes will often include the
1:
6054:Ari Paulin Base Camp Database
6040:UIAA Grades for Rock Climbing
5964:10.1080/19346182.2015.1107081
5631:. Rockfax. pp. 180–181.
5127:Clarke, Owen (3 March 2022).
5017:Samet, Matt (24 March 2022).
4717:10.1080/19346182.2015.1107081
1866:" suffix is used for danger.
1749:Ice climbing § WI-grades
1533:Climbing and Bouldering Guide
1372:Comparison with free climbing
850:Sport climbing § Grading
73:in free climbing grades when
6030:Grades and Grade Conversions
5108:(in Spanish). 23 August 2013
4311:
4287:
4265:
4243:
4221:
4199:
4173:
4160:
4125:
4109:
4093:
4061:
4045:
4029:
4013:
3982:
3966:
3950:
3934:
3920:
3904:
3890:
3859:
3843:
3827:
3811:
3795:
3779:
3763:
3717:
3648:
3612:
3583:
3546:
3362:
3332:
3295:
3258:
3083:
3058:
3030:
2988:
2809:
2772:
2736:
2700:
2663:
2628:
2592:
2561:
2524:
2494:
2381:
2367:
1933:
1611:
1606:
1381:
1339: (8B) is the blue line.
685:In 1923, German mountaineer
3739:
3732:
3723:
3716:
2431:
2426:
2414:
2407:
2091:Whilst each IFAS grade can
1888:Dry-tooling § D-grades
1625:Aid climbing § Grading
1474:Fontainebleau climbing area
1276:). Up until the 1970s, the
7604:
5157:The Indoor Climbing Manual
4376:W. W. Norton & Company
2400:
2046:, which is 850-metres, 25-
2027:
1913:
1885:
1839:
1746:
1701:
1686:
1622:
1472:The Font-grade (from the "
1440: (7B/7B+) section of
1313:
1033:
847:
761:
29:
7514:
7412:Appalachian Mountain Club
6000:Climbing Grades Explained
5915:(9th ed.). Quiller.
4182:
4177:
4172:
4151:(2023), and UIAA (2021).
3694:(2023), and UIAA (2021).
3561:
3558:
3310:
3307:
3049:
3023:
3015:
2997:
2319:
2222:
2105:on the north face of the
1873:, mixed climbing pioneer
1648:Instability of aid grades
1249:Brazilian technical scale
1086:highest consensus E-grade
7327:Mountain Safety Research
7322:Mountain Equipment Co-op
5755:"Alpine Climbing Grades"
4344:History of rock climbing
4328:Main source: UIAA (2021)
3730:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2334:The Mount Cook Guidebook
2274:Alaska: A Climbing Guide
2221:Russian Grade 2B: Some (
2038:Climber on the big wall
818:history of rock climbing
710:Groupe de Haute Montagne
7457:South Tyrol Alpine Club
7252:Eastern Mountain Sports
7118:Canadian Alpine Journal
7111:American Alpine Journal
6374:Roof and tunnel hacking
5985:American Alpine Journal
5478:American Alpine Journal
5209:"Exhibit A (5.8 C2+ R)"
4973:. Rockfax. p. 14.
4969:Robinson, Mike (2007).
4163:can be compared to the
2316:Winter Commitment Grade
2069:Later, a + (pronounced
7277:Holubar Mountaineering
7089:Magazines and journals
6419:IFSC World Cup winners
4743:"Rock climbing grades"
2368:British E-grade system
2268:
2149:
2051:
2002:
1929:
1854:
1776:
1722:Ice and mixed climbing
1671:
1517:
1451:
1427:
1340:
1194:
1055:
922:
842:French numerical grade
794:
667:
7402:Alpine Club of Canada
7312:Marmot Mountain Works
7267:GERRY Mountain Sports
5519:"Ice climbing grades"
2307:Other notable systems
2258:
2129:
2077:) or a − (pronounced
2037:
1989:
1952:Other notable systems
1923:
1908:Scottish winter grade
1849:
1756:
1655:
1562:grading systems (see
1549:Other notable systems
1503:
1432:
1420:in an interview with
1323:
1180:
1123:Other notable systems
1043:
899:
775:
665:
7432:Club Alpino Italiano
7417:Austrian Alpine Club
7407:American Alpine Club
5936:Club Alpino Italiano
5753:Paulin, Ari (2023).
5517:Paulin, Ari (2023).
5155:White, John (2014).
4741:Paulin, Ari (2023).
4528:Club Alpino Italiano
4374:(reprint ed.).
4179:French Alpine System
4165:French Alpine System
3705:Club Alpino Italiano
2364:traditional climbing
2056:French Alpine System
2010:around the world.
1995:North Couloir Direct
1977:used in New England.
1941:traditional climbing
1393:describing his 2017
1146:Bohemian Switzerland
1064:traditional climbing
1024:French Alpine System
953:traditional climbing
878:traditional climbing
807:traditional climbing
590:traditional climbing
7427:Club Alpin Français
6801:Mountaineering boot
6414:Piolet d'Or winners
4184:UIAA Overall Alpine
2427:Brazilian technical
2265:Mount Hunter Alaska
2261:Moonflower Buttress
2102:1938 Heckmair Route
1522:John "Verm" Sherman
1068:American YDS system
957:climbing protection
886:Font boulder grades
647:1938 Heckmair Route
594:climbing protection
97:Piolet d'Or winners
7447:German Alpine Club
6014:RockFax Publishing
5299:Yosemite Big Walls
4609:Rockfax Publishing
2339:Aoraki Tai Poutini
2269:
2150:
2052:
2003:
1930:
1869:In his 1996 book,
1855:
1779:The most dominant
1777:
1672:
1526:climbing guidebook
1518:
1506:Midnight Lightning
1489:French sport grade
1460:, which is graded
1452:
1378:French sport grade
1341:
1299:deep-water soloing
1295:Deep-water soloing
1251:. Climbing in the
1241:French sport grade
1220:climbing guidebook
1195:
1154:Lusatian Mountains
1101:French sport grade
1072:French sport grade
1060:British trad grade
1056:
1046:Clogwyn Du'r Arddu
923:
892:American YDS grade
882:French sport grade
795:
729:climbing guidebook
668:
571:climbing technique
562:first ascensionist
18:Grade (bouldering)
7570:
7569:
7510:
7509:
7462:Swiss Alpine Club
7215:
7214:
7170:Non-fiction films
7146:Planinski Vestnik
7139:Himalayan Journal
7077:
7076:
6839:
6838:
6468:Historical events
6439:Eight-thousanders
6392:
6391:
6246:
6245:
6050:Grading of Climbs
5952:Sports Technology
5786:. 1 February 2021
5685:. 5 February 2016
4944:abcwspinania.info
4905:Kirkpatrick, Andy
4705:Sports Technology
4677:978-1-68051-004-1
4368:Isserman, Maurice
4325:
4324:
4142:
4141:
3685:
3684:
2346:Comparison tables
2330:Mount Cook system
2208:comparison tables
2163:big wall climbing
2018:now in less use.
1635:big wall climbing
1543:comparison tables
1457:The Wheel of Life
1443:The Wheel of Life
1349:comparison tables
1232:comparison tables
1150:Bohemian Paradise
1138:East German scale
1010:comparison tables
980:big wall climbing
857:comparison tables
812:The evolution of
550:
549:
131:Eight-thousanders
121:Historical events
16:(Redirected from
7595:
7558:
7557:
7546:
7545:
7534:
7533:
7522:
7380:
7332:Outdoor Research
7086:
6512:
6503:
6473:Grade milestones
6282:Expedition style
6117:
6108:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6067:
5989:
5975:
5949:
5939:
5926:
5907:The Mountaineers
5894:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5874:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5853:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5813:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5780:"Alpine Grading"
5776:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5750:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5709:Gripped Magazine
5701:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5629:Winter CLIMBING+
5624:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5585:
5576:
5575:
5551:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5514:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5469:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5392:on 30 March 2021
5388:. Archived from
5376:
5313:
5312:
5294:
5279:
5278:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5235:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5213:Mountain Project
5205:
5199:
5198:
5180:
5171:
5170:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5014:
4985:
4984:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4901:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4868:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4771:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4738:
4729:
4728:
4702:
4693:
4682:
4681:
4662:The Mountaineers
4658:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4601:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4519:
4390:
4389:
4364:
4170:
4159:As of 2023, the
3714:
2447:
2442:
2373:
1771:(graded WI10+),
1766:
1698:New wave A-grade
1683:Original A-grade
1674:The grade of an
1538:Burden of Dreams
1484:Burden of Dreams
1425:
1412:sure about that.
1361:Burden of Dreams
1286:Wojciech Kurtyka
1257:Serra dos Órgãos
1183:Punks in the Gym
1158:Zittau Mountains
1078:(E11 7a) and on
814:grade milestones
741:
733:Francois Labande
718:
707:
695:
687:Willo Welzenbach
680:
542:
535:
528:
287:Expedition style
126:Grade milestones
75:Wolfgang Güllich
62:
39:
21:
7603:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7592:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7506:
7471:
7371:
7237:Cascade Designs
7211:
7165:
7073:
6960:
6835:
6769:Abalakov thread
6750:
6494:
6388:
6317:
6242:
6211:
6195:Deep-water solo
6099:
6094:
6024:MountainProject
5996:
5978:
5947:
5942:
5929:
5923:
5905:
5902:
5900:Further reading
5897:
5887:
5885:
5876:
5875:
5864:
5851:
5849:
5846:MountainProject
5840:
5839:
5835:
5828:
5815:
5814:
5799:
5789:
5787:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5763:
5761:
5752:
5751:
5724:
5714:
5712:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5688:
5686:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5662:
5660:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5639:
5626:
5625:
5608:
5598:
5596:
5595:. 24 April 2020
5587:
5586:
5579:
5569:
5553:
5552:
5537:
5527:
5525:
5516:
5515:
5494:
5484:
5482:
5471:
5470:
5405:
5395:
5393:
5378:
5377:
5316:
5309:
5296:
5295:
5282:
5275:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5237:
5236:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5029:
5027:
5016:
5015:
4988:
4981:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4951:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4923:
4921:
4903:
4902:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4870:
4869:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4773:
4772:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4740:
4739:
4732:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4685:
4678:
4660:
4659:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4603:
4602:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4521:
4520:
4393:
4386:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4339:Beta (climbing)
4335:
4317:
4304:
4157:
3742:
3735:
3726:
3719:
3700:
3051:
3017:
2999:
2433:
2416:
2410:(Aus. & NZ)
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2382:British E-grade
2355:
2348:
2309:
2253:
2204:
2124:
2032:
2024:
2008:alpine climbing
1984:
1970:New England Ice
1954:
1934:British E-grade
1918:
1910:
1890:
1884:
1857:The grading of
1844:
1838:
1830:Mission to Mars
1805:alpine climbing
1769:Clash of Titans
1760:
1758:Angelika Rainer
1751:
1745:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1691:
1685:
1668:Eldorado Canyon
1650:
1627:
1621:
1612:British E-grade
1551:
1516: (7B/7B+).
1498:
1470:
1433:Climber on the
1426:
1416:
1382:British E-grade
1374:
1318:
1312:
1274:Kurtyka's scale
1208:British E-grade
1125:
1038:
1032:
1030:British E-grade
1020:alpine climbing
998:
940:exactly aligned
894:
852:
844:
770:
760:
735:
712:
701:
689:
674:
660:
642:alpine climbing
554:climbing routes
546:
517:
455:
395:
317:
243:
227:Deep-water solo
142:
78:
71:major milestone
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7601:
7599:
7591:
7590:
7588:Rating systems
7585:
7575:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7552:
7540:
7528:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7498:
7492:
7486:
7479:
7477:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7388:
7386:
7377:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7357:The North Face
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7287:Sierra Designs
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7262:Frostline Kits
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7223:
7221:
7217:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7181:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7156:
7153:Rock & Ice
7149:
7142:
7135:
7128:
7121:
7114:
7107:
7100:
7097:Alpine Journal
7092:
7090:
7083:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6987:Climbing route
6984:
6979:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6956:
6946:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6932:Simul-climbing
6929:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6873:Front pointing
6870:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6809:Avalanche cord
6803:
6798:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6781:
6776:
6774:Bottled oxygen
6771:
6766:
6760:
6758:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
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6465:
6464:
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6458:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6429:IFSC victories
6426:
6421:
6416:
6406:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6381:
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6296:
6286:
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6279:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6256:
6254:
6252:Mountaineering
6248:
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6235:
6230:
6225:
6219:
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6141:
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6114:
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6095:
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6085:
6078:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6057:
6047:
6037:
6027:
6017:
6007:
5995:
5994:External links
5992:
5991:
5990:
5976:
5958:(3–4): 88–94.
5940:
5927:
5922:978-1846892622
5921:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5862:
5833:
5827:978-0898867480
5826:
5797:
5771:
5722:
5696:
5683:PlanetMountain
5670:
5644:
5638:978-1873341964
5637:
5606:
5577:
5568:978-0898867695
5567:
5535:
5492:
5403:
5314:
5308:978-0983322504
5307:
5280:
5274:978-8885475809
5273:
5255:
5249:978-0898867480
5248:
5225:
5200:
5194:978-8885475809
5193:
5172:
5166:978-1408186626
5165:
5147:
5119:
5102:[es].
5091:
5079:PlanetMountain
5065:
5037:
4986:
4980:978-1873341766
4979:
4961:
4931:
4891:
4850:
4822:
4794:
4759:
4730:
4711:(3–4): 88–94.
4683:
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4541:
4391:
4385:978-0393353761
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4161:Russian system
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2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2417:(South Africa)
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2360:sport climbing
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2325:
2324:
2308:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2219:
2216:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2123:
2120:
2028:Main article:
2023:
2020:
1983:
1982:Mountaineering
1980:
1979:
1978:
1966:
1965:
1953:
1950:
1914:Main article:
1909:
1906:
1898:Parallel World
1886:Main article:
1883:
1880:
1859:mixed climbing
1840:Main article:
1837:
1834:
1817:Helmcken Falls
1773:Helmcken Falls
1747:Main article:
1744:
1741:
1732:mixed climbing
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1702:Main article:
1699:
1696:
1687:Main article:
1684:
1681:
1649:
1646:
1623:Main article:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1594:
1593:
1580:
1579:
1550:
1547:
1497:
1494:
1469:
1466:
1422:PlanetMountain
1414:
1373:
1370:
1353:climbing walls
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1291:
1290:
1265:
1264:
1245:
1244:
1224:
1223:
1187:Mount Arapiles
1175:
1174:
1124:
1121:
1048:in Wales with
1031:
1028:
997:
994:
992:at 5.13b VI).
893:
890:
870:sport climbing
843:
840:
803:sport climbing
781:sport climbing
759:
756:
659:
656:
638:mountaineering
625:(i.e. ice and
623:mixed climbing
586:sport climbing
566:consensus view
548:
547:
545:
544:
537:
530:
522:
519:
518:
516:
515:
514:
513:
508:
503:
493:
488:
487:
486:
481:
471:
465:
462:
461:
457:
456:
454:
453:
448:
443:
441:Simul climbing
438:
433:
428:
427:
426:
416:
411:
405:
402:
401:
397:
396:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
327:
324:
323:
319:
318:
316:
315:
314:
313:
303:
302:
301:
291:
290:
289:
284:
274:
273:
272:
267:
256:
253:
252:
250:mountaineering
245:
244:
242:
241:
236:
235:
234:
229:
224:
214:
213:
212:
207:
197:
196:
195:
185:
184:
183:
173:
172:
171:
161:
155:
152:
151:
144:
143:
141:
140:
135:
134:
133:
128:
118:
117:
116:
106:
105:
104:
102:IFSC victories
99:
88:
85:
84:
80:
79:
66:Action Directe
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7600:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7578:
7563:
7562:
7553:
7551:
7550:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7529:
7527:
7526:
7521:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7502:
7499:
7496:
7493:
7490:
7487:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7476:International
7474:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7376:Organizations
7374:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7247:Early Winters
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7227:Black Diamond
7225:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7208:
7207:
7203:
7201:
7200:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7192:The Dawn Wall
7189:
7187:
7186:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7168:
7162:
7161:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7150:
7148:
7147:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7101:
7099:
7098:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7087:
7084:
7080:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7052:Bachar ladder
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7002:Climbing wall
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6977:Approach shoe
6975:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6911:
6908:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6678:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6597:Climbing rope
6595:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6478:First ascents
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6249:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6112:Rock climbing
6109:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6091:
6086:
6084:
6079:
6077:
6072:
6071:
6068:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5946:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5883:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5847:
5843:
5837:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5819:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5785:
5781:
5775:
5772:
5760:
5759:Ari'sBaseCamp
5756:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5711:. 25 May 2018
5710:
5706:
5700:
5697:
5684:
5680:
5674:
5671:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5645:
5640:
5634:
5630:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5524:
5523:Ari'sBaseCamp
5520:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5300:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5158:
5151:
5148:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5123:
5120:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5095:
5092:
5080:
5076:
5069:
5066:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5041:
5038:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4972:
4965:
4962:
4949:
4946:(in Polish).
4945:
4941:
4935:
4932:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4826:
4823:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4798:
4795:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4748:
4747:Ari'sBaseCamp
4744:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4320:
4318:(the old ED+)
4315:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3837:5.10d/5.11a/b
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3728:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2438:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2353:Free climbing
2352:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:(2001) is:
2275:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2122:American NCCS
2121:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:Alpine System
2057:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1719:
1718:hammerless).
1713:Clean C-grade
1712:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1603:peak district
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:Dankyū system
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1343:The two main
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:Dresden scale
1131:
1128:German/Swiss
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1003:
995:
993:
991:
990:
985:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:
943:
941:
936:
935:decimal point
932:
928:
927:Tahquitz Peak
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
902:
898:
891:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:
860:
858:
851:
846:
841:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
819:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
799:free climbing
797:The two main
792:
788:
787:
782:
778:
774:
769:
765:
758:Free climbing
757:
755:
751:
749:
744:
739:
734:
730:
725:
723:
716:
711:
705:
700:
699:Lucien Devies
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
672:Fritz Benesch
664:
657:
655:
653:
649:
648:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
608:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:free climbing
578:
576:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
543:
538:
536:
531:
529:
524:
523:
521:
520:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
492:
489:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
464:
463:
458:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Self rescuing
434:
432:
429:
425:
422:
421:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
404:
403:
398:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
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352:
349:
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344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
326:
325:
320:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
300:
297:
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288:
285:
283:
280:
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275:
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268:
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258:
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219:
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211:
208:
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186:
182:
179:
178:
177:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
154:
153:
150:
149:rock climbing
145:
139:
136:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
68:
67:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:grade (slope)
19:
7559:
7547:
7535:
7523:
7467:USA Climbing
7367:Wild Country
7362:Therm-a-Rest
7204:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7178:The Alpinist
7176:
7158:
7151:
7144:
7137:
7130:
7123:
7116:
7109:
7102:
7095:
7057:Campus board
7038:
7012:First ascent
6756:Ice and snow
6553:Belay device
6404:Alpine clubs
6364:Ropes course
6277:Alpine style
6053:
6033:
6023:
6013:
6003:
5983:
5955:
5951:
5910:
5886:. Retrieved
5881:
5857:
5850:. Retrieved
5845:
5836:
5817:
5788:. Retrieved
5783:
5774:
5762:. Retrieved
5758:
5713:. Retrieved
5708:
5699:
5687:. Retrieved
5682:
5673:
5661:. Retrieved
5657:Ascentionism
5656:
5647:
5628:
5597:. Retrieved
5592:
5572:
5558:
5526:. Retrieved
5522:
5483:. Retrieved
5476:
5394:. Retrieved
5390:the original
5383:
5298:
5264:
5258:
5239:
5216:. Retrieved
5212:
5203:
5184:
5156:
5150:
5138:. Retrieved
5132:
5122:
5110:. Retrieved
5103:
5094:
5082:. Retrieved
5078:
5068:
5056:. Retrieved
5050:
5040:
5028:. Retrieved
5022:
4970:
4964:
4952:. Retrieved
4943:
4934:
4922:. Retrieved
4909:
4882:. Retrieved
4876:
4841:. Retrieved
4835:
4825:
4813:. Retrieved
4807:
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4779:
4750:. Retrieved
4746:
4708:
4704:
4665:
4613:. Retrieved
4608:
4532:. Retrieved
4371:
4362:
4327:
4326:
4305:(the old ED)
4158:
4148:
4144:
4143:
3701:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3025:
2422:Scandinavian
2377:American YDS
2356:
2349:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2328:New Zealand
2315:
2310:
2298:
2273:
2270:
2260:
2205:
2195:alpine style
2153:
2151:
2138:
2115:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2040:Cassin Route
2039:
2025:
2016:
2012:
2004:
1994:
1969:
1958:Canadian Ice
1957:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1911:
1897:
1891:
1870:
1868:
1856:
1850:
1829:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1794:American YDS
1781:ice climbing
1778:
1768:
1728:ice climbing
1725:
1716:
1707:
1692:
1676:aid climbing
1673:
1664:
1661:first ascent
1638:
1631:aid climbing
1628:
1619:Aid climbing
1599:Peak B-grade
1598:
1584:
1560:martial arts
1555:
1536:
1529:
1519:
1504:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1455:
1453:
1441:
1434:
1421:
1410:
1398:
1387:
1375:
1359:
1357:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1294:
1273:
1270:Cracow scale
1269:
1248:
1228:Scandinavian
1227:
1216:French sport
1212:American YDS
1199:
1182:
1170:French sport
1166:American YDS
1137:
1133:
1129:
1119:protection.
1107:
1105:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1075:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1044:The crag of
1013:
1007:
999:
989:Salathé Wall
987:
977:
946:
944:
924:
908:
901:Alex Honnold
881:
872:(i.e. where
863:
861:
853:
845:
831:
821:
811:
796:
784:
752:
745:
726:
684:
669:
645:
635:
619:ice climbing
616:
612:aid climbing
609:
598:
579:
565:
557:
551:
490:
474:First ascent
376:Roof hacking
366:Rock hopping
282:Alpine style
64:
36:
7561:WikiProject
7397:Alpine Club
7392:Access Fund
7302:Lowe Alpine
7297:La Sportiva
7034:Fall factor
6927:Self-arrest
6903:Redpointing
6826:Snow anchor
6580:Boulder mat
6529:Daisy chain
6499:Terminology
6490:Terminology
6369:Rooftopping
6311:Hillwalking
6299:Dry-tooling
6265:Via ferrata
6178:Traditional
6156:Competition
6137:Multi-pitch
6120:Disciplines
6006:(June 2023)
5888:2 September
5852:8 September
5764:5 September
5715:2 September
5663:5 September
5528:5 September
5140:1 September
5058:1 September
5030:1 September
4954:18 November
4924:3 September
4884:2 September
4815:2 September
4787:2 September
4752:7 September
4615:2 September
3760:<5a/5b+
3757:<5.6/5.7
3711:from 2016.
2259:The iconic
2158:Sierra Club
1974:New England
1926:Banana Wall
1894:dry-tooling
1822:dry-tooling
1761: [
1737:dry-tooling
1531:Hueco Tanks
1511:second-ever
1204:John Ewbank
1181:Climber on
1130:Saxon scale
1051:Indian Face
931:Sierra Club
748:Sierra Club
736: [
713: [
702: [
690: [
675: [
424:Redpointing
400:Key actions
371:Rooftopping
322:Other types
311:Hillwalking
299:Dry-tooling
270:Via ferrata
210:Traditional
188:Competition
169:Multi-pitch
138:Terminology
7577:Categories
7185:El Capitan
6949:Traversing
6898:Onsighting
6878:Glissading
6861:Dülfersitz
6856:Australian
6819:Transeiver
6764:Alpenstock
6697:Portaledge
6685:Copperhead
6624:Descenders
6558:Auto belay
6349:Commercial
6329:Buildering
6306:Scrambling
6216:Rock types
6207:Top roping
6144:Bouldering
6004:HardClimbs
5573:Ice Grades
5555:Gadd, Will
4919:B00UJG9DH6
4355:References
3727:Font Grade
3698:Bouldering
2223:UIAA scale
2172:UIAA scale
2167:techniques
2135:El Capitan
2064:UIAA scale
2044:Piz Badile
1991:Ueli Steck
1851:Rocket Man
1657:Layton Kor
1585:"B" system
1478:L'Abbatoir
1468:Font grade
1435:Rave Heart
1418:Adam Ondra
1405:first-ever
1391:Adam Ondra
1366:first-ever
1334:Somnolence
1314:See also:
1310:Bouldering
1278:UIAA scale
1236:UIAA scale
1191:first-ever
1162:UIAA scale
1156:, and the
1117:bomb-proof
1090:Bon Voyage
1034:See also:
996:UIAA scale
973:chop route
919:first-ever
915:El Capitan
874:pre-bolted
848:See also:
836:first-ever
791:first-ever
777:Adam Ondra
762:See also:
722:aid routes
601:bouldering
451:Techniques
446:Traversing
351:Commercial
331:Buildering
306:Scrambling
239:Top roping
176:Bouldering
7337:Patagonia
7220:Companies
7206:Hard Grit
7199:Free Solo
7067:MoonBoard
7062:Hangboard
7048:Training
6997:Guidebook
6972:Ape index
6937:Rope team
6851:Abseiling
6796:Ice screw
6702:Quickdraw
6585:Carabiner
6507:Equipment
6485:Technique
6451:Equipment
6334:Canyoning
6272:Himalayan
6200:Rope solo
6190:Free solo
5972:111441279
4725:111441279
3734:~American
3718:American
2314:Canadian
2083:inférieur
2075:supérieur
1902:Dolomites
1875:Jeff Lowe
1871:Ice World
1665:Exhibit A
1629:The main
1589:John Gill
1583:American
1572:Ogawayama
1554:Japanese
1326:Dreamtime
1113:free solo
978:American
910:Freerider
905:free solo
828:Flatanger
631:ice tools
575:equipment
460:Key terms
409:Abseiling
336:Canyoning
277:Himalayan
248:Types of
232:Rope solo
222:Free solo
147:Types of
109:Equipment
7583:Climbing
7537:Category
7384:National
7282:JanSport
7257:Five Ten
7132:Desnivel
7125:Climbing
7104:Alpinist
7029:Exposure
7007:Chipping
6954:Tyrolean
6944:Spotting
6915:Crevasse
6893:Flashing
6883:Jumaring
6868:Belaying
6831:Snowshoe
6789:Ice tool
6779:Crampons
6629:Figure-8
6541:Ascender
6409:Climbers
6149:Highball
6132:Big wall
6097:Climbing
5938:, Italy.
5557:(2003).
5385:Alpinist
5134:Climbing
5112:5 August
5105:Desnivel
5052:Climbing
5024:Climbing
4948:Archived
4843:18 April
4837:Climbing
4809:Climbing
4781:Climbing
4370:(2017).
4333:See also
4303:ED1/ED2
3741:~French
3707:for the
2695:III sup
2450:Finland
2366:focused
1999:Les Drus
1810:AI-grade
1785:M-grades
1743:WI-grade
1640:The Nose
1597:British
1415:—
1395:redpoint
1380:and the
1303:S-grades
1173:systems.
1081:Rhapsody
917:was the
903:'s 2017
708:and the
627:dry-tool
431:Jumaring
414:Belaying
181:Highball
164:Big wall
92:Climbers
52:Climbing
44:a series
42:Part of
7549:Commons
7503:(UIMLA)
7497:(UIAGM)
6888:Leading
6805:Rescue
6784:Ice axe
6734:Camalot
6668:Lanyard
6651:Skyhook
6636:Harness
6607:Dynamic
6590:Maillon
6563:Glasses
6444:Everest
6435:Deaths
6354:Parkour
6034:theCrag
5988:. 2013.
5882:theCrag
4530:, Italy
4292:TD+/ED1
4251:III/IV
4229:II/III
4226:PD+/AD−
4174:Russian
4149:theCrag
4010:8a/8a+
3994:7c+/8a
3979:7c/7c+
3963:7b+/7c
3917:7a+/7b
3887:7a/7a+
3840:6b+/6c
3824:6b/6b+
3821:5.10c/d
3808:6a+/6b
3805:5.10a/b
3792:6a/6a+
3725:French
3720:V-Grade
3692:theCrag
2982:VI sup
2803:IV sup
2587:II sup
2453:Norway
2434:Kurtyka
2432:Polish
2415:Ewbank
2408:Ewbank
2387:French
2251:Alaskan
2202:Russian
2130:The 16-
2116:implied
2048:pitches
1946:onsight
1882:D-grade
1836:M-grade
1659:on the
1607:V-grade
1524:in his
1496:V-grade
1424:(2017).
1400:Silence
1345:boulder
1268:Polish
1253:carioca
1108:typical
1076:Lexicon
1015:Silence
948:Silence
865:Silence
832:Silence
823:Silence
786:Silence
779:on the
731:author
658:History
650:on the
556:have a
419:Leading
356:Parkour
7525:Portal
7491:(UIAA)
7485:(IFSC)
7317:Millet
7307:Mammut
7272:Grivel
7242:Deuter
7160:Summit
7044:Guides
7039:Grades
6910:Rescue
6844:Action
6746:Tricam
6712:Grigri
6658:Hammer
6612:Static
6568:Gloves
6536:Anchor
6456:Brands
6260:Alpine
6056:(2023)
6046:(2023)
6036:(2023)
6026:(2023)
6016:(2023)
5970:
5919:
5884:. 2023
5848:. 2023
5824:
5659:. 2023
5635:
5593:Climbr
5565:
5481:. 2013
5305:
5271:
5246:
5218:25 May
5191:
5163:
5084:2 July
4977:
4917:
4723:
4674:
4611:. 2022
4382:
4248:AD+/D−
4204:F+/PD−
3681:VI.9+
3580:VI.8+
3574:10/10+
3506:VI.7+
3432:VI.6+
3329:VI.5+
3255:VI.4+
3148:VI.3+
3142:7+/8−
3026:VI.2+
2985:VI.1+
2677:IV+/V−
2519:I sup
2401:Saxon
2323:today.
2301:Denali
2139:Zodiac
2137:route
2097:always
1826:bolted
1790:French
1601:. The
1576:shodan
1403:, the
1282:Kraków
1200:Ewbank
783:route
766:, and
469:Anchor
260:Alpine
69:was a
7342:Petzl
7292:Kelty
7082:Media
7017:Pitch
6982:Clean
6965:Other
6814:RECCO
6741:Shoes
6729:SLCDs
6724:Sling
6692:Piton
6641:Hooks
6619:Chalk
6546:Croll
6524:Aider
6461:Knots
6397:Lists
6379:Slide
6344:Grass
6339:Crane
6322:Other
6294:Mixed
6223:Crack
6173:Sport
6161:Speed
6104:Types
5968:S2CID
5948:(PDF)
5790:4 May
5689:2 May
5599:5 May
5485:1 May
5396:1 May
4721:S2CID
4701:(PDF)
4534:4 May
4295:V/VI
4273:IV/V
4207:I/II
4135:5.15c
4119:5.15b
4103:5.15a
4087:5.14d
4071:5.14c
4055:5.14b
4039:5.14a
4023:5.13d
4007:5.13c
3991:5.13b
3976:5.13a
3960:5.12d
3944:5.12c
3914:5.12b
3884:5.12a
3868:5.11d
3853:5.11c
3743:sport
3663:XIIIc
3650:5.15d
3645:VI.9
3627:XIIIb
3614:5.15c
3585:5.15b
3562:XIIIa
3548:5.15a
3543:VI.8
3511:5.14d
3475:5.14c
3470:VI.7
3437:5.14b
3401:5.14a
3396:VI.6
3364:5.13d
3354:9−/9
3334:5.13c
3297:5.13b
3292:VI.5
3260:5.13a
3249:8/8+
3224:5.12d
3188:5.12c
3183:VI.4
3153:5.12b
3127:VIII+
3116:5.12a
3111:VI.3
3085:5.11d
3060:5.11c
3039:VIII−
3032:5.11b
3024:VI.2
3005:VIIIc
2990:5.11a
2969:VIIIb
2955:5.10d
2950:VI.1
2932:VIIIa
2918:5.10c
2910:Vsup
2883:5.10b
2848:5.10a
2831:17–18
2758:14–15
2755:14–15
2686:11–12
2683:11–12
2403:scale
2396:scale
2394:UIAA
2389:sport
2132:pitch
2107:Eiger
2093:imply
1765:]
1136:, or
740:]
717:]
706:]
694:]
679:]
652:Eiger
558:grade
552:Many
511:Pitch
506:Guide
496:Route
491:Grade
386:Slide
346:Grass
341:Crane
265:Mixed
205:Sport
193:Speed
114:Knots
83:Lists
7232:CAMP
7022:Topo
6992:Beta
6920:Self
6717:Revo
6707:SLDs
6646:Fifi
6602:Cord
6575:Bolt
6516:Rock
6384:Tree
6359:Pole
6238:Slab
6233:Roof
6228:Face
6185:Solo
6168:Free
6044:UIAA
5917:ISBN
5890:2023
5854:2023
5822:ISBN
5792:2023
5766:2023
5717:2023
5691:2023
5665:2023
5633:ISBN
5601:2023
5563:ISBN
5530:2023
5487:2023
5398:2023
5303:ISBN
5269:ISBN
5244:ISBN
5220:2023
5189:ISBN
5161:ISBN
5142:2023
5114:2023
5086:2023
5060:2023
5032:2023
4975:ISBN
4956:2018
4926:2023
4915:ASIN
4886:2023
4845:2024
4817:2023
4789:2023
4754:2023
4672:ISBN
4617:2023
4536:2023
4380:ISBN
4321:VII
4316:ED2
4240:III
4138:9b+
4106:9a+
4074:8c+
4042:8b+
3947:7b+
3901:7a+
3856:6c+
3678:13a
3660:XII+
3642:12c
3607:12b
3577:12a
3559:XII−
3540:11c
3525:XIIc
3503:11b
3488:XIIb
3467:11a
3452:XIIa
3429:10c
3426:9/9+
3393:10b
3357:10a
3095:VIII
2966:VII+
2913:VI+
2894:VII−
2862:VIIc
2825:VIIb
2788:VIIa
2733:IV+
2657:III
2625:III
2441:Tech
2320:NCCS
2152:The
2147:free
2114:the
2112:list
2081:for
2073:for
2058:(or
1792:and
1788:the
1566:and
1272:(or
1214:and
1168:and
1132:(or
1088:was
1002:UIAA
1000:The
984:NCCS
975:").
805:and
640:and
607:).
605:crux
573:and
501:Beta
484:FFFA
391:Tree
381:Rope
361:Pole
217:Solo
200:Free
7352:REI
7347:Rab
6680:Nut
6673:PAC
6663:Hex
6289:Ice
6127:Aid
5960:doi
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