Graphics card - Knowledge

833:) for Nvidia. Cards from different chip-set manufacturers or architectures cannot be used together for multi-card scaling. If graphics cards have different sizes of memory, the lowest value will be used, with the higher values disregarded. Currently, scaling on consumer-grade cards can be done using up to four cards. The use of four cards requires a large motherboard with a proper configuration. Nvidia's GeForce GTX 590 graphics card can be configured in a four-card configuration. As stated above, users will want to stick to cards with the same performances for optimal use. Motherboards including ASUS Maximus 3 Extreme and Gigabyte GA EX58 Extreme are certified to work with this configuration. A large power supply is necessary to run the cards in SLI or CrossFireX. Power demands must be known before a proper supply is installed. For the four card configuration, a 1000+ watt supply is needed. With any relatively powerful graphics card, thermal management cannot be ignored. Graphics cards require well-vented chassis and good thermal solutions. Air or water cooling are usually required, though low end GPUs can use passive cooling. Larger configurations use 655: 2371: 781:, a custom flashed RTX 3090 named "Hall of Fame" has been recorded to reach a peak power draw as high as 630 watts. A standard RTX 3090 can peak at up to 450 watts. The RTX 3080 can reach up to 350 watts, while a 3070 can reach a similar, if not slightly lower peak power draw. Ampere cards of the Founders Edition variant feature a "dual axial flow through" cooler design, which includes fans above and below the card to dissipate as much heat as possible towards the rear of the computer case. A similar design was used by the Sapphire Radeon RX Vega 56 Pulse graphics card. 1360: 260: 667: 631: 2144: 2338: 1216:.) In addition to marketing their own graphics cards, AMD and Nvidia sell their GPUs to authorized AIB suppliers, which AMD and Nvidia refer to as "partners". The fact that Nvidia and AMD compete directly with their customer/partners complicates relationships in the industry. AMD and Intel being direct competitors in the CPU industry is also noteworthy, since AMD-based graphics cards may be used in computers with Intel CPUs. Intel's 1707: 347: 499: 1302: 1973: 1913: 2170: 1805: 2064: 2193: 1847: 2107: 77: 2280: 36: 591:. Released in 1997, the RIVA 128 was one of the first consumer-facing GPUs to integrate both 3D and 2D processing units on a single chip. This innovation simplified the hardware requirements for end-users, as they no longer needed separate cards for 2D and 3D rendering, thus paving the way for the widespread adoption of more powerful and versatile GPUs in personal computers. 1746: 1727: 2134:. In composite video, the signals co-exist on different frequencies. To achieve this, the luminance signal must be low-pass filtered, dulling the image. As S-Video maintains the two as separate signals, such detrimental low-pass filtering for luminance is unnecessary, although the chrominance signal still has limited bandwidth relative to component video. 580:, one of the earliest consumer-facing GPUs that supported 3D acceleration. These cards, however, were dedicated entirely to 3D processing and lacked 2D support, necessitating the use of a separate 2D graphics card in tandem. The Voodoo's architecture marked a major shift in graphical computing by offloading the demanding task of 3D rendering from the 179: 2311: 1703:. These require a RAMDAC, but they reconvert the analog signal back to digital before they can display it, with the unavoidable loss of quality stemming from this digital-to-analog-to-digital conversion. With the VGA standard being phased out in favor of digital formats, RAMDACs have started to disappear from graphics cards. 1269:

in integrated graphics technologies; high-end, CPU-integrated graphics can provide competitive performance with low-end graphics cards. At the same time, graphics card sales have grown within the high-end segment, as manufacturers have shifted their focus to prioritize the gaming and enthusiast market.

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in evaluating pixels. While the VGA transmission bandwidth is high enough to support even higher resolution playback, the picture quality can degrade depending on cable quality and length. The extent of quality difference depends on the individual's eyesight and the display; when using a DVI or HDMI

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and never under 60 Hz, to minimize flicker. (This is not a problem with LCD displays, as they have little to no flicker.) Due to the growing popularity of digital computer displays and the integration of the RAMDAC onto the GPU die, it has mostly disappeared as a discrete component. All current

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Graphics cards for desktop computers have different size profiles, which allows graphics cards to be added to smaller-sized computers. Some graphics cards are not of the usual size, and are named as "low profile". Graphics card profiles are based on height only, with low-profile cards taking up less

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Modern graphics cards with a power consumption of over 75 watts usually include a combination of six-pin (75 W) or eight-pin (150 W) sockets that connect directly to the power supply. Providing adequate cooling becomes a challenge in such computers. Computers with multiple graphics cards may require

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Graphics card shipments peaked at a total of 114 million in 1999. By contrast, they totaled 14.5 million units in the third quarter of 2013, a 17% fall from Q3 2012 levels. Shipments reached an annual total of 44 million in 2015. The sales of graphics cards have trended downward due to improvements

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Within the graphics industry, these products are often referred to as graphics add-in boards (AIBs). The term "AIB" emphasizes the modular nature of these components, as they are typically added to a computer's motherboard to enhance its graphical capabilities. The evolution from the early days of

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has placed a severely high demand on high-end graphics cards, especially in large quantities, due to their advantages in the process of cryptocurrency mining. In January 2018, mid- to high-end graphics cards experienced a major surge in price, with many retailers having stock shortages due to the

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is mounted on most modern graphics cards. A heat sink spreads out the heat produced by the graphics processing unit evenly throughout the heat sink and unit itself. The heat sink commonly has a fan mounted to cool the heat sink and the graphics processing unit. Not all cards have heat sinks, for

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Some graphics cards can be linked together to allow scaling graphics processing across multiple cards. This is done using either the PCIe bus on the motherboard or, more commonly, a data bridge. Usually, the cards must be of the same model to be linked, and most low end cards are not able to be

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as integrated graphics. Motherboard-based implementations are sometimes called "on-board video". Some motherboards support using both integrated graphics and the graphics card simultaneously to feed separate displays. The main advantages of integrated graphics are: a low cost, compactness,

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capabilities, enhancing the graphical output of Macintosh computers by accelerating 2D graphics rendering. QuickDraw, a core part of the Macintosh graphical user interface, allowed for the rapid rendering of bitmapped graphics, fonts, and shapes, and the introduction of such hardware-based

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In the late 2010s and early 2020s, some high-end graphics card models have become so heavy that it is possible for them to sag downwards after installing without proper support, which is why many manufacturers provide additional support brackets. GPU sag can damage a GPU in the long term.

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with the main heatsink removed, showing the major components of the card. The large, tilted silver object is the GPU die, which is surrounded by RAM chips, which are covered in extruded aluminum heatsinks. Power delivery circuitry is mounted next to the RAM, near the right side of the

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As of 2016, the primary suppliers of the GPUs (graphics chips or chipsets) used in graphics cards are AMD and Nvidia. In the third quarter of 2013, AMD had a 35.5% market share while Nvidia had 64.5%, according to Jon Peddie Research. In economics, this industry structure is termed a

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simplicity, and low energy consumption. Integrated graphics often have less performance than a graphics card because the graphics processing unit inside integrated graphics needs to share system resources with the CPU. On the other hand, a graphics card has a separate

1224:. As of the second quarter of 2013, there were 52 AIB suppliers. These AIB suppliers may market graphics cards under their own brands, produce graphics cards for private label brands, or produce graphics cards for computer manufacturers. Some AIB suppliers such as 1591:. But with up to 32 GB as of the last 2010s, the applications for graphics use are becoming more powerful and widespread. Since video memory needs to be accessed by the GPU and the display circuitry, it often uses special high-speed or multi-port memory, such as 751:

manufacturers have recently aimed toward higher efficiency, power demands of graphics cards continued to rise, with the largest power consumption of any individual part in a computer. Although power supplies have also increased their power output, the

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As the processing power of graphics cards increased, so did their demand for electrical power. Current high-performance graphics cards tend to consume large amounts of power. For example, the thermal design power (TDP) for the GeForce Titan RTX is 280

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contains a minimal program for the initial set up and control of the graphics card. It may contain information on the memory and memory timing, operating speeds and voltages of the graphics processor, and other details which can sometimes be changed.

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example, some cards are liquid-cooled and instead have a water block; additionally, cards from the 1980s and early 1990s did not produce much heat, and did not require heat sinks. Most modern graphics cards need proper thermal solutions. They can be

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exceeding 300mm in length. A lower profile card is preferred when trying to fit multiple cards or if graphics cards run into clearance issues with other motherboard components like the DIMM or PCIE slots. This can be fixed with a larger

4890: 553:. Each of these standards represented a step forward in the ability of computers to display more colors, higher resolutions, and richer graphical interfaces, laying the foundation for the development of modern graphical capabilities. 2151:

Non-standard 7-pin mini-DIN connectors (termed "7P") are used in some computer equipment (PCs and Macs). A 7P socket accepts and is pin compatible with a standard 4-pin S-Video plug. The three extra sockets may be used to supply

614:. Additionally, many graphics cards now have integrated sound capabilities, allowing them to transmit audio alongside video output to connected TVs or monitors with built-in speakers, further enhancing the multimedia experience. 790:

than the height of a PCIe slot, some can be as low as "half-height". Length and thickness can vary greatly, with high-end cards usually occupying two or three expansion slots, and with modern high-end graphics cards such as the

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A graphics driver usually supports one or multiple cards by the same vendor and has to be written for a specific operating system. Additionally, the operating system or an extra software package may provide certain programming

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displays) and video projectors. There were also some rare high-end CRT monitors that use DVI. It avoids image distortion and electrical noise, corresponding each pixel from the computer to a display pixel, using its

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Modern Video BIOSes do not support full functionalities of graphics cards; they are only sufficient to identify and initialize the card to display one of a few frame buffer or text display modes. It does not support

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SLI and Crossfire have become increasingly uncommon as most games do not fully utilize multiple GPUs, due to the fact that most users cannot afford them. Multiple GPUs are still used on supercomputers (like in

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Most graphics cards are not limited to simple display output. The graphics processing unit can be used for additional processing, which reduces the load from the CPU. Additionally, computing platforms such as

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from the CPU and system RAM, therefore the overall performance for a computer could improve in addition to increased performance in graphics processing. Such improvements to performance can be seen in

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Both AMD and Intel have introduced CPUs and motherboard chipsets which support the integration of a GPU into the same die as the CPU. AMD advertises CPUs with integrated graphics under the trademark

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LCD/plasma monitors and TVs and projectors with only digital connections work in the digital domain and do not require a RAMDAC for those connections. There are displays that feature analog inputs (

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comes in the form of a printed circuit board (expansion board) which is to be inserted into an expansion slot. Others may have dedicated enclosures, and they are connected to the computer via a

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due to industry concerns about copy protection. Its graphics quality is equivalent to HDMI for the resolutions it carries, but for best performance for Blu-ray, other 1080p sources like

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output can be used. The single pin connector carries all resolution, brightness and color information, making it the lowest quality dedicated video connection. Depending on the card the

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enables consumers to use DisplayPort fitted video sources without replacing existing display devices. Although DisplayPort has a greater throughput of the same functionality as

662:: a part of the system memory is allocated to the GPU exclusively. Zero-copy is not possible, data has to be copied, over the system memory bus, from one partition to the other. 4484: 4130: 1356:

intended for output to a display. Because of the large degree of programmable computational complexity for such a task, a modern graphics card is also a computer unto itself.

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separate 2D and 3D cards to today’s integrated and multifunctional GPUs reflects the ongoing technological advancements and the increasing demand for high-quality visual and

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translation, video scaling, pixel copying, compositing or any of the multitude of other 2D and 3D features of the graphics card, which must be accessed by software drivers.

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The Intel microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-bit extensions

2505:: An extension of the PCI bus, it was introduced in 1998. It improves upon PCI by extending the width of bus to 64 bits and the clock frequency to up to 133 MHz. 1686:

used and the RAMDAC-data-transfer rate, the converter will be able to support different computer-display refresh rates. With CRT displays, it is best to work over 75

5620: 4639: 2511:: Abbreviated as PCIe, it is a point-to-point interface released in 2004. In 2006, it provided a data-transfer rate that is double of AGP. It should not be confused with 4037: 1236:, now builds only AMD-based graphics cards. Several AIB suppliers are also motherboard suppliers. Most of the largest AIB suppliers are based in Taiwan and they include 4223: 4780: 5008: 4540: 4193: 1209: 4579: 4422: 2461:: Replaced the EISA, ISA, MCA and VESA buses from 1993 onwards. PCI allowed dynamic connectivity between devices, avoiding the manual adjustments required with 3536: 3913: 602:. These modern graphics cards are multifunctional and support various tasks beyond rendering 3D images for gaming. They also provide 2D graphics processing, 1213: 3514: 4340: 4310: 3976: 3943: 3351: 3852: 3737: 1961: 3763: 3484: 5087: 3150: 2446: 4601: 4155: 3381: 4699: 4089: 4451: 1290: 3566: 3467: 1125: 764:

power supplies over 750 watts. Heat extraction becomes a major design consideration for computers with two or more high-end graphics cards.

5625: 3822: 3673: 2021: 1916: 1733:(VIVO) for S-Video (TV-out), Digital Visual Interface (DVI) for high-definition television (HDTV), and DE-15 for Video Graphics Array (VGA) 3883: 3287: 3145: 4669: 5080: 3155: 2449:: Released in 1988 to compete with IBM's MCA, it was compatible with the earlier ISA bus. It is a 32-bit bus clocked at 8.33 MHz. 2013: 1671: 530: 4514: 4480: 4119: 5051: 4926: 2458: 1286: 683: 291: 237: 219: 160: 63: 3707: 3596: 4831: 2349:). The signal standard and pinout are backward-compatible with CGA, allowing EGA monitors to be used on CGA cards and vice versa. 2265: 1682:(CRT) displays. The RAMDAC is a kind of RAM chip that regulates the functioning of the graphics card. Depending on the number of 747:. When tested with video games, the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founder's Edition averaged 300 watts of power consumption. While CPU and 4400: 4631: 4006: 1221: 675: 201: 4029: 3257: 654: 4968: 3626: 2408: 2391: 2234: 2223: 98: 94: 49: 4215: 141: 4773: 3317: 5615: 4809: 4747: 4721: 2370: 1208:. AMD and Nvidia also build and sell graphics cards, which are termed graphics add-in-boards (AIBs) in the industry. (See 799:

such as mid-tower or full tower. Full towers are usually able to fit larger motherboards in sizes like ATX and micro ATX.

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connection, especially on larger sized LCD/LED monitors or TVs, quality degradation, if present, is prominently visible.

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to accommodate advancing technologies and user demands. In the realm of IBM PC compatibles, the early standards included

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The development of fully integrated GPUs that could handle both 2D and 3D rendering came with the introduction of the

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In contemporary times, the majority of graphics cards are built using chips sourced from two dominant manufacturers:

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Graphics cards, also known as video cards or graphics processing units (GPUs), have historically evolved alongside

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connector, allowing (via simple adapter) standard RGB signal output to an old CRT or LCD monitor with VGA input.

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or through heat sinks with additional connected heat pipes usually made of copper for the best thermal transfer.

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significant demand among this market. Graphics card companies released mining-specific cards designed to run

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for analog component); it is used in older projectors, video-game consoles, and DVD players. It can carry

1871: 1822: 1793: 842: 542: 538: 109: 2515:, an enhanced version of the original PCI specification. This is standard for most modern graphics cards. 5423: 3788: 2486: 2383: 2000:, though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data. The VESA specification is 1821:

Digital Visual Interface is a digital-based standard designed for displays such as flat-panel displays (

1711: 1572: 1315: 1306: 264: 259: 2143: 5411: 3373: 2323: 2005: 1758: 1692: 1643: 704: 550: 4691: 5285: 2499:: First used in 1997, it is a dedicated-to-graphics bus. It is a 32-bit bus clocked at 66 MHz. 1941: 1767:, VGA is an analog-based standard adopted in the late 1980s designed for CRT displays, also called 1253: 1245: 707:(RAM), cooling system, and dedicated power regulators. A graphics card can offload work and reduce 666: 630: 268: 3574: 2462: 2131: 1949: 1933: 1929: 1879: 1875: 1857: 1850: 1730: 1349: 1249: 603: 440:(GPU) that performs the necessary computations is the main component in a graphics card, but the 55: 3814: 2345:

The historical connector used by EGA and CGA graphic cards is a female nine-pin D-subminiature (

1260:. Sapphire and Zotac also sell graphics cards exclusively for AMD and Nvidia GPUs respectively. 188:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

4541:"Discrete Desktop GPU Market Trends Q2 2016: AMD Grabs Market Share, But NVIDIA Remains on Top" 4090:"Nvidia SLI and AMD CrossFire is dead – but should we mourn multi-GPU gaming? | TechRadar" 5433: 5297: 5195: 5107: 5047: 4922: 3463: 2337: 1831: 906: 351: 3279: 5268: 5159: 3404:"Graphics Add-in Board (AIB) Market Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2024-2032" 3165: 2476: 2472: 2434: 2420: 2292: 2288: 1997: 1780: 1679: 1604: 1229: 834: 573: 413: 2455:: An extension of ISA, it is a 32-bit bus clocked at 33 MHz. Also referred to as VESA. 1737:

The most common connection systems between the graphics card and the computer display are:

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As an alternative to the use of a graphics card, video hardware can be integrated into the

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designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the building of images in a

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Beyond the gaming and multimedia segments, graphics cards have been increasingly used for

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may weaken AMD, in which the latter derives a significant portion of its revenue from its

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Video memory may be used for storing other data as well as the screen image, such as the

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Chronologically, connection systems between graphics card and motherboard were, mainly:

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Graphics cards are often preferred over integrated graphics for increased performance.

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The following table is a comparison between features of some interfaces listed above.

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enhancements signaled an era of specialized graphics processing in consumer machines.

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says "8639" meaning that chip was manufactured week 39, 1986. This card is using the

2080: 1937: 1890: 1768: 1750: 1675: 1631:. The effective memory clock rate in modern cards is generally between 2 and 15 1596: 1135: 796: 720: 679: 611: 572:

The evolution of graphics processing took a major leap forward in the mid-1990s with

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variations, and the VIVO splitter cable generally comes with either 4 connectors (

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or immersion cooling to achieve proper performance without thermal throttling.

5585: 5302: 5232: 5227: 5217: 4861: 4805: 4751: 4275: 4059: 3674:"NVIDIA GeForce Ampere Architecture, Board Design, Gaming Tech & Software" 2178: 2122:), the S-video cable carries two synchronized signal and ground pairs, termed 1867: 1863: 1608: 1496: 1481: 1467: 1452: 1390: 1145: 1086: 818: 774: 712: 619: 584:

to the GPU, significantly improving gaming performance and graphical realism.

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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

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The memory capacity of most modern graphics cards ranges from 2 to 24

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Classical desktop computer architecture with a distinct graphics card over

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Video-in video-out (VIVO) for S-Video, composite video and component video

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linked in this way. AMD and Nvidia both have proprietary scaling methods,

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Expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device

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data from an HDMI-compliant device ("the source device") to a compatible

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In the late 1980s, advancements in personal computing led companies like

405: 398: 5352: 5290: 5244: 4452:"Graphics Card Market Up Sequentially in Q3, NVIDIA Gains as AMD Slips" 4362: 3179: 2100: 2017: 1992:(VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a 1883: 1789: 1205: 1081: 879: 771: 441: 4943:"ATI Radeon 7 pin SVID/OUT connector pinout diagram @ pinoutguide.com" 2443:: Introduced in 1987 by IBM it is a 32-bit bus clocked at 10 MHz. 2336: 1228:

build both AMD-based and Nvidia-based graphics cards. Others, such as

460:. Applications of general-purpose computing on graphics cards include 5466: 5239: 3183: 3169: 2493:, USB displays and display adapters exist. It was first used in 1996. 2386:

the layout was done in 1985, whereas the marking on the central chip

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color system might be supported, along with non-standard modes like

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technology. During and after that year, manufacturers moved towards

638:. Typical bandwidths for given memory technologies, missing are the 4246:"FAQ | GPU-accelerated 3D rendering software | Redshift" 3236: 2538: 2512: 2502: 2426: 2369: 2310: 2257: 2253: 2212: 2201: 2084: 2033: 1971: 1911: 1894: 1803: 1772: 1744: 1725: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1632: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1600: 1557: 1527: 1512: 1425: 1358: 1300: 1257: 1018: 966: 931: 665: 653: 629: 345: 331: 4511:"Palit, PC Partner surpass Asustek in graphics card market share" 3485:"Intel Iris Pro 5200 graphics review: the end of mid-range GPUs?" 5543: 5437: 3462:(8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall. 3197: 2346: 2331: 2249: 2241: 2237: 2230: 2226: 2119: 2092: 2076: 1989: 1923: 1670:, or random-access-memory digital-to-analog converter, converts 1237: 744: 453: 316: 5076: 4602:"Here's why you can't buy a high-end graphics card at Best Buy" 2415:, it became dominant in the marketplace in the 1980s. It is an 1792:

playback at 1080p is possible via the VGA analog interface, if

5523: 5347: 4475: 4473: 4446: 4444: 3876:"NVIDIA GeForce GTX 680 in quad-SLI configuration benchmarked" 3173: 3161: 2482: 2412: 2296: 2115: 2088: 2072: 2024:, it is expected to complement the interface, not replace it. 1683: 1678:

for use by a computer display that uses analog inputs such as

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DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the

1603:, etc. Around 2003, the video memory was typically based on 3158:– a detailed list of standards like SVGA, WXGA, WUXGA, etc. 1834:. It is worth noting that most manufacturers include a DVI- 2485:: Although mostly used for miscellaneous devices, such as 4632:"GPU Prices Skyrocket, Breaking the Entire DIY PC Market" 3649:"Introducing NVIDIA GeForce RTX 30 Series Graphics Cards" 3429:"Integrated vs Dedicated Graphics Cards | Lenovo US" 2016:. Backward compatibility to VGA and DVI by using adapter 1928:

HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for transferring

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These connectors are included to allow connection with

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3D rendering API availability across operating systems

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Video demystified: a handbook for the digital engineer

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or a cable. These are known as external GPUs (eGPUs).

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PCIe 2.1 has the same clock and bandwidth as PCIe 2.0

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bus with an average bandwidth of 10 to 20 MB/s.

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on which the components are mounted. These include:

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Some GPUs are designed with specific usage in mind:

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connection, which is limited to supplying 75 watts.

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graphics cards to emphasize their distinction to an

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For display on analog systems with SD resolutions (

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For display on analog systems with SD resolutions (

276: 101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3210:– the computer memory used to store a screen image 2200:It uses three cables, each with an RCA connector ( 4662:"How Graphics Card shortage is killing PC Gaming" 4186:"GPU Accelerated Rendering and Hardware Encoding" 3337: 3335: 3310:"Powering Change with Nvidia AI and Data Science" 2471:: An interconnect bus architecture introduced by 4393:"System Requirements | Nuke | Foundry" 4030:"Crossfire and SLI market is just 300.000 units" 3760:"RTX 4090 | GeForce RTX 4090 Graphics Card" 1232:, build only Nvidia-based graphics cards, while 5005:"Quality Difference Between Component vs. HDMI" 2524:List of device bandwidths § Computer buses 1893:and out), or 6 connectors (S-Video in and out, 1775:and higher. Some problems of this standard are 3969:"How to Build a Quad SLI Gaming Rig | GeForce" 3963: 3961: 3936:"How to Build a Quad SLI Gaming Rig | GeForce" 1210:Comparison of Nvidia graphics processing units 560:to develop specialized graphics cards for the 5621:History of computing hardware (1960s–present) 5088: 2177:The 8-pin mini-DIN connector is used in some 1952:. HDMI is a digital replacement for existing 8: 4120:"Hardware Selection and Configuration Guide" 3906:"Head to Head: Quad SLI vs. Quad CrossFireX" 1252:. Hong Kong–based AIB manufacturers include 252: 2268:, a digital display connector is required. 1908:High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) 1214:Comparison of AMD graphics processing units 301: 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 5508: 5120: 5095: 5081: 5073: 4216:"V-Ray Next Multi-GPU Performance Scaling" 1796:(ICT) is not enabled on the Blu-ray disc. 864: 862:for applications to perform 3D rendering. 258: 3845:"SLI vs. CrossFireX: The DX11 generation" 2465:. It is a 32-bit bus clocked 33 MHz. 1932:data and compressed/uncompressed digital 1642:, which manages the depth coordinates in 238:Learn how and when to remove this message 220:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 2527: 2487:secondary storage devices or peripherals 2042: 1845: 1417: 4910: 4908: 4483:. Jon Peddie Research. 16 August 2013. 3226: 1990:Video Electronics Standards Association 4832:"The Truth About DisplayPort vs. HDMI" 3789:"What is GPU sag, and how to avoid it" 3280:"OpenGL vs DirectX - Cprogramming.com" 2156:, an RGB or YPbPr video signal, or an 416:. Graphics cards are sometimes called 336: 251: 4862:"Legacy Products | Matrox Video" 4812:from the original on 24 November 2020 4786:from the original on 12 November 2020 4517:from the original on 7 September 2013 4458:from the original on 28 November 2013 4136:from the original on 11 November 2020 4009:from the original on 12 December 2017 3979:from the original on 26 December 2017 3946:from the original on 26 December 2017 3855:from the original on 27 February 2013 3783: 3781: 3740:from the original on 19 February 2013 3599:from the original on 8 September 2008 3384:from the original on 12 December 2017 3320:from the original on 10 November 2020 3290:from the original on 12 December 2017 3260:from the original on 17 December 2017 1716:a DisplayPort, HDMI and two DVI ports 1314:A modern graphics card consists of a 7: 5626:List of pioneers in computer science 5011:from the original on 4 February 2016 4702:from the original on 8 November 2019 4642:from the original on 20 January 2018 4612:from the original on 21 January 2018 4582:from the original on 20 January 2018 4551:from the original on 23 January 2018 4487:from the original on 3 December 2013 4429:from the original on 18 January 2021 4276:"OctaneRender 2020 Preview is here!" 3629:from the original on 5 December 2009 3517:from the original on 3 December 2013 3511:"Introducing The GeForce GTX 780 Ti" 3491:from the original on 3 December 2013 1917:High-Definition Multimedia Interface 99:adding citations to reliable sources 3916:from the original on 10 August 2012 3700:"What is a Low Profile Video Card?" 3250:"ExplainingComputers.com: Hardware" 3151:List of graphics card manufacturers 350:A modern consumer graphics card: A 4893:from the original on 26 March 2018 4403:from the original on 1 August 2020 4343:from the original on 16 April 2020 4256:from the original on 11 April 2020 4070:from the original on 27 March 2020 3825:from the original on 15 March 2013 3730:"Best 'low profile' graphics card" 3354:from the original on 1 August 2020 3190:– examples of graphics card series 3156:List of computer display standards 2382:graphics. 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They often come in two 10-pin 535:Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) 497: 177: 75: 34: 4423:"What about multi-GPU support?" 3543:. 30 March 2018. Archived from 3342:Parrish, Kevin (10 July 2017). 1904:out and composite in and out). 626:Discrete vs integrated graphics 547:Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) 456:allow using graphics cards for 86:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 4887:"Video Signals and Connectors" 4509:Chen, Monica (16 April 2013). 4127:documents.blackmagicdesign.com 3589:"Video Card Power Consumption" 2326:output on a single connector. 2004:. VESA designed it to replace 1800:Digital Visual Interface (DVI) 1172:Artificial Intelligence Cloud 307:Display via one of: 1: 5616:History of computing hardware 4779:. VESA.org. 10 January 2011. 426:integrated graphics processor 5484:Network interface controller 2318:A connector that provides a 1340:), also occasionally called 539:Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) 202:Knowledge's inclusion policy 5281:Refreshable braille display 5223:Refreshable braille display 5044:Upgrading and Repairing PCs 4806:"FAQ Archive – DisplayPort" 3254:www.explainingcomputers.com 3239:. Retrieved 10 August 2023. 3176:and graphics card designers 3172:– quasi duopoly of 3D chip 2378:from 1985/1986, supporting 1363:A half-height graphics card 728:Accelerated Processing Unit 5668: 4750:. HDMI.org. Archived from 4722:"Refresh rate recommended" 4692:"NVIDIA TITAN RTX is Here" 2521: 2423:bus clocked at 8 MHz. 2359: 2211:for digital component, or 2031: 1981: 1921: 1855: 1827:high-definition television 1814: 1756: 1325: 1280:processing. The growth of 829:generation, superseded by 551:Video Graphics Array (VGA) 531:computer display standards 3619:Maxim Integrated Products 3374:"Graphic Card Components" 3146:List of computer hardware 1956:standards. HDMI supports 1274:general-purpose computing 1187:Automated/Driverless car 732:Intel Graphics Technology 670:Integrated graphics with 658:Integrated graphics with 458:general-purpose computing 404:that generates a feed of 257: 3999:"NVIDIA Quad-SLI|NVIDIA" 3874:Adrian Kingsley-Hughes. 2411:: Introduced in 1981 by 2392:ISA 8-bit (XT) interface 1817:Digital Visual Interface 1809:Digital Visual Interface 1334:graphics processing unit 1328:graphics processing unit 1322:Graphics processing unit 438:graphics processing unit 5390:Central processing unit 5064:How Graphics Cards Work 3453:Brey, Barry B. (2009). 2376:Graphics Solution Rev 3 1825:, plasma screens, wide 660:partitioned main memory 646:between GPU and CPU is 576:'s introduction of the 434:central processing unit 283: via one of: 5042:Mueller, Scott (2005) 4570:Chanthadavong, Aimee. 2395: 2356:Motherboard interfaces 2341: 2314: 2283: 2196: 2173: 2147: 2110: 2067: 1979: 1919: 1853: 1812: 1794:Image Constraint Token 1754: 1749:Video Graphics Array ( 1734: 1718: 1364: 1342:visual processing unit 1311: 687: 663: 651: 620:multimedia experiences 543:Hercules Graphics Card 358: 3380:. 23 September 2011. 2373: 2340: 2313: 2282: 2195: 2172: 2146: 2109: 2066: 1975: 1915: 1849: 1807: 1748: 1729: 1709: 1362: 1316:printed circuit board 1304: 1291:2020–21 chip shortage 709:memory-bus-contention 669: 657: 633: 466:cryptocurrency mining 349: 4060:"Is Multi-GPU Dead?" 3577:on 4 September 2011. 3284:www.cprogramming.com 1759:Video Graphics Array 1348:), is a specialized 705:random access memory 612:multi-monitor setups 470:molecular simulation 375:graphics accelerator 95:improve this article 4967:Pinouts.Ru (2017). 4915:Keith Jack (2007). 4754:on 22 February 2018 4672:on 1 September 2021 4638:. 19 January 2018. 1876:video game consoles 1424:Memory clock rate ( 1218:integrated graphics 867: 779:Ampere architecture 672:unified main memory 254: 4367:www.chaosgroup.com 4250:www.redshift3d.com 4222:. 20 August 2019. 4096:. 24 August 2019. 4066:. 7 January 2018. 3886:on 7 February 2013 3851:. 11 August 2010. 3680:. 4 September 2020 3595:. 18 August 2006. 3547:on 1 December 2018 3408:www.imarcgroup.com 2396: 2342: 2315: 2284: 2197: 2174: 2148: 2132:mini-DIN connector 2111: 2068: 1980: 1950:digital television 1930:uncompressed video 1920: 1880:mini-DIN connector 1858:Video-in video-out 1854: 1813: 1755: 1735: 1731:Video-in video-out 1719: 1365: 1350:electronic circuit 1312: 1157:Cloud Workstation 865: 688: 664: 652: 562:Apple Macintosh II 509:. You can help by 393:, or colloquially 359: 5647:Graphics hardware 5634: 5633: 5604: 5603: 5534:Analog audio jack 5255: 5254: 4728:on 2 January 2007 4094:www.techradar.com 3487:. hardware.info. 3469:978-0-13-502645-8 3137: 3136: 2544:Bandwidth (MB/s) 2475:in 1995. It is a 2353: 2352: 2244:resolutions, and 1832:native resolution 1722:Output interfaces 1585: 1584: 1431:Bandwidth (GB/s) 1067: 1066: 812:Multicard scaling 527: 526: 352:Radeon RX 6900 XT 344: 343: 248: 247: 240: 230: 229: 222: 171: 170: 163: 145: 68: 16:(Redirected from 5659: 5509: 5160:Optical trackpad 5125:Pointing devices 5121: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5074: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5007:. 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help by 191: 182: 178: 167: 156: 150: 147: 110:"Graphics card" 104: 102: 92: 80: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5665: 5663: 5655: 5654: 5652:Graphics cards 5649: 5639: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5515: 5513: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5494:Expansion card 5491: 5486: 5481: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5464: 5463: 5462: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5431: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5404: 5399: 5398: 5397: 5395:Microprocessor 5386: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5283: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5265: 5263: 5261:Output devices 5257: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5237: 5236: 5235: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5165:Pointing stick 5162: 5157: 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2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2535: 2532: 2517: 2516: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2480: 2466: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2424: 2406: 2366:Expansion card 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2343: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2316: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2285: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2175: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2149: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2112: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2069: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2040: 2037: 2032:Main article: 2029: 2026: 1994:display device 1982:Main article: 1969: 1966: 1922:Main article: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1856:Main article: 1851:VIVO connector 1843: 1840: 1815:Main article: 1801: 1798: 1785:sampling error 1763:Also known as 1757:Main article: 1742: 1739: 1723: 1720: 1712:Radeon HD 5850 1676:analog signals 1663: 1660: 1652:vertex buffers 1583: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1422: 1415: 1412: 1386: 1383: 1369: 1366: 1326:Main article: 1323: 1320: 1307:Radeon HD 7970 1298: 1295: 1282:cryptocurrency 1265: 1262: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1166:AMD FireStream 1163: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1071: 1070:Specific usage 1068: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 990: 989: 986: 983: 980: 977: 972: 969: 963: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 942: 928: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 903: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 854: 851: 847:visual effects 813: 810: 804: 801: 786: 783: 756:occurs in the 739: 736: 700:system-on-chip 674:, to be found 640:memory latency 627: 624: 622:in computing. 604:video decoding 525: 524: 518:September 2022 504: 502: 491: 488: 410:display device 402:expansion card 342: 341: 340: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 305: 304: 299: 294: 289: 278: 274: 273: 265:Radeon HD 5570 263: 246: 245: 228: 227: 210:September 2022 185: 183: 176: 169: 168: 151:September 2022 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5664: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5566:Parallel port 5564: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5382:Computer case 5379: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5315: 5309: 5308:Graphics card 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5206:Graphics card 5204: 5202: 5201:Image scanner 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5116:Input devices 5113: 5109: 5106: 5098: 5093: 5091: 5086: 5084: 5079: 5078: 5075: 5069: 5068:HowStuffWorks 5065: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5052:0-7897-3173-8 5049: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5026: 5023: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4997: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4960: 4948: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4930: 4928:9780750678223 4924: 4920: 4919: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4798: 4782: 4775: 4769: 4766: 4753: 4749: 4743: 4740: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4563: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4516: 4513:. DIGITIMES. 4512: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4325: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4297: 4294: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4225: 4221: 4220:Puget Systems 4217: 4211: 4208: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4165: 4161: 4160:Puget Systems 4157: 4151: 4148: 4132: 4128: 4121: 4115: 4112: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4021: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3867: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3692: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3666: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3641: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3559: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3476: 3471: 3465: 3458: 3457: 3449: 3446: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3227: 3220: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3022:8000 / 16000 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2966:8000 / 16000 2965: 2963: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2908:8000 / 16000 2907: 2905:5000 / 10000 2904: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2534:Width (bits) 2533: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2210: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2181:video cards. 2180: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2081:RCA connector 2078: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2035: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1978: 1974: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1938:digital audio 1935: 1931: 1925: 1918: 1914: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1852: 1848: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1818: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769:VGA connector 1766: 1760: 1752: 1747: 1740: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1721: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1695:, component, 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1646:, as well as 1645: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1367: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1329: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1198: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1151:Intel Arc Pro 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1136:Nvidia Quadro 1134: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1069: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 991: 987: 984: 981: 978: 976: 973: 970: 968: 965: 964: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 937: 933: 930: 929: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 910: 908: 905: 904: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 870: 869: 863: 861: 852: 850: 848: 844: 838: 836: 832: 828: 824: 821:for AMD, and 820: 811: 809: 802: 800: 798: 797:computer case 793: 784: 782: 780: 776: 773: 770: 765: 761: 759: 755: 750: 746: 737: 735: 733: 729: 724: 722: 721:video editing 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 697: 693: 685: 681: 680:PlayStation 4 677: 673: 668: 661: 656: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 625: 623: 621: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 592: 590: 585: 583: 579: 578:Voodoo series 575: 570: 567: 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 521: 512: 508: 505:This section 503: 500: 496: 495: 489: 487: 484: 482: 478: 477:graphics card 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 400: 396: 392: 388: 387:video adapter 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 363:graphics card 357: 353: 348: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 309: 308: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 282: 279: 275: 270: 266: 261: 256: 253:Graphics card 250: 242: 239: 224: 221: 213: 203: 199: 195: 189: 186:This article 184: 175: 174: 165: 162: 154: 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: – 111: 107: 106:Find sources: 100: 96: 90: 89: 84:This article 82: 78: 73: 72: 67: 65: 58: 57: 52: 51: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 18:Graphic cards 5472:Power MOSFET 5455:Power supply 5424:Data storage 5360:Flash memory 5338:Optical disc 5320:data storage 5307: 5205: 5043: 5025: 5013:. Retrieved 4999: 4987:. Retrieved 4977: 4962: 4950:. Retrieved 4946: 4937: 4917: 4895:. Retrieved 4881: 4869:. Retrieved 4865: 4856: 4844:. Retrieved 4835: 4826: 4814:. Retrieved 4800: 4788:. Retrieved 4768: 4756:. Retrieved 4752:the original 4742: 4730:. Retrieved 4726:the original 4716: 4704:. Retrieved 4695: 4686: 4674:. Retrieved 4670:the original 4665: 4656: 4644:. Retrieved 4635: 4626: 4614:. Retrieved 4606:Ars Technica 4605: 4596: 4584:. Retrieved 4575: 4565: 4553:. Retrieved 4544: 4519:. Retrieved 4489:. Retrieved 4460:. Retrieved 4431:. Retrieved 4417: 4405:. Retrieved 4396: 4387: 4375:. Retrieved 4366: 4357: 4345:. Retrieved 4336: 4327: 4315:. Retrieved 4307:techgage.com 4306: 4296: 4284:. Retrieved 4270: 4258:. Retrieved 4249: 4240: 4228:. Retrieved 4219: 4210: 4198:. Retrieved 4189: 4180: 4168:. Retrieved 4159: 4150: 4138:. Retrieved 4126: 4114: 4102:. Retrieved 4093: 4084: 4072:. Retrieved 4063: 4054: 4042:. Retrieved 4033: 4023: 4011:. Retrieved 4002: 3993: 3981:. 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Retrieved 3253: 3244: 3229: 3214:Capture card 3121:PCIe ×16 5.0 3120: 3102: 3084: 3076:4000 / 8000 3066: 3049:PCIe ×16 4.0 3048: 3030: 3012: 3004:2000 / 4000 2994: 2975:PCIe ×16 3.0 2974: 2954: 2946:4000 / 8000 2934: 2926:1000 / 2000 2916: 2896:PCIe ×16 2.0 2895: 2887:4000 / 8000 2875: 2867:2000 / 4000 2855: 2837: 2829:4000 / 8000 2826:2500 / 5000 2818: 2810:2000 / 4000 2807:2500 / 5000 2799: 2791:1000 / 2000 2788:2500 / 5000 2780: 2769:2500 / 5000 2761: 2742: 2723: 2704: 2685: 2666: 2647: 2628: 2609: 2590: 2571: 2552: 2537:Clock rate ( 2518: 2431:Macintosh II 2397: 2387: 2375: 2248:resolutions 2127: 2123: 2052:Description 2002:royalty-free 1987: 1954:analog video 1927: 1895:component YP 1861: 1835: 1820: 1762: 1736: 1700: 1665: 1637: 1586: 1571: 1556: 1541: 1526: 1511: 1497: 1482: 1466: 1451: 1436: 1414:Video memory 1400: 1388: 1379:water-cooled 1371: 1354:frame buffer 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1313: 1271: 1267: 1202: 1176:Nvidia Tesla 1161:Nvidia Tesla 1132:Workstation 1116:Cloud gaming 1092:Nvidia Titan 1073: 856: 839: 815: 806: 788: 766: 762: 749:power supply 741: 738:Power demand 725: 717:3D animation 713:video gaming 689: 676:AMD "Kaveri" 671: 659: 648:not possible 647: 616: 593: 586: 571: 566:2D QuickDraw 555: 528: 515: 511:adding to it 506: 485: 476: 474: 446: 421: 417: 408:output to a 394: 390: 386: 383:VGA card/VGA 382: 378: 374: 371:display card 370: 366: 362: 360: 306: 249: 234: 216: 207: 194:spinning off 187: 157: 148: 138: 131: 124: 117: 105: 93:Please help 88:verification 85: 61: 54: 48: 47:Please help 44: 5571:Serial port 5562:(IEEE 1394) 5539:DisplayPort 5529:Thunderbolt 5402:Motherboard 5365:Memory card 5333:Floppy disk 5175:Touchscreen 4985:. AZCentral 4732:17 February 4676:1 September 4666:MarketWatch 4636:ExtremeTech 4491:30 November 4462:30 November 4433:10 November 4140:10 November 4013:11 December 3983:11 December 3950:11 December 3819:geforce.com 3762:. GeForce. 3684:24 February 3678:TechPowerUp 3658:24 February 3633:17 February 3551:30 November 3521:30 November 3495:30 November 3388:11 December 3324:10 November 3294:11 December 3264:11 December 3208:Framebuffer 3103:PCIe ×8 5.0 3085:PCIe ×4 5.0 3067:PCIe ×1 5.0 3031:PCIe ×8 4.0 3013:PCIe ×4 4.0 2995:PCIe ×1 4.0 2955:PCIe ×8 3.0 2935:PCIe ×4 3.0 2917:PCIe ×1 3.0 2876:PCIe ×8 2.0 2856:PCIe ×4 2.0 2847:500 / 1000 2838:PCIe ×1 2.0 2509:PCI Express 2266:4K Ultra HD 2160:interface. 1984:DisplayPort 1977:DisplayPort 1968:DisplayPort 1868:DVD players 1864:televisions 1644:3D graphics 1476:6.4–17.066 1141:AMD FirePro 1121:Nvidia Grid 1087:GeForce RTX 1082:GeForce GTX 1044:Sailfish OS 958:iOS/iPadOS 825:(since the 777:30 series, 758:PCI-Express 692:motherboard 636:PCI Express 475:Usually, a 462:AI training 430:motherboard 312:DisplayPort 287:PCI Express 281:Motherboard 277:Connects to 5641:Categories 5318:Removable 5303:Sound card 5233:Sound chip 5228:Sound card 5218:Microphone 5108:components 5015:29 January 4989:29 January 4952:9 November 4921:. Newnes. 4897:29 January 4871:9 November 4790:23 January 4748:"HDMI FAQ" 4706:7 November 4646:22 January 4616:22 January 4586:22 January 4555:22 January 4521:1 December 4064:Tech Altar 3910:Maximum PC 3744:6 December 3704:Outletapex 3438:9 November 3358:16 January 3221:References 2772:250 / 500 2522:See also: 2433:, it is a 2429:: Used in 2256:, but not 2179:ATI Radeon 2049:Connector 1996:such as a 1563:1365–1770 1548:1000–1750 1536:288–336.5 1533:1000–2000 1518:3000–4000 1503:4000-8800 1491:12.8–25.6 1488:1600–4866 1461:3.2–8.533 1391:video BIOS 1385:Video BIOS 1276:, such as 1146:Radeon Pro 1126:Radeon Sky 914:Microsoft 819:CrossFireX 767:As of the 754:bottleneck 412:such as a 367:video card 198:relocating 121:newspapers 50:improve it 5581:PS/2 port 5576:Game port 5489:Fax modem 5328:Disk pack 5180:Trackball 5143:Light pen 4889:. 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