1146:, singing more actively under optimal conditions and being more subdued when conditions are adverse; females also stridulate, but their efforts are insignificant when compared to the males. Late-stage male nymphs can sometimes be seen making stridulatory movements, although they lack the equipment to make sounds, demonstrating the importance of this behavioural trait. The songs are a means of communication; the male stridulation seems to express reproductive maturity, the desire for social cohesion and individual well-being. Social cohesion becomes necessary among grasshoppers because of their ability to jump or fly large distances, and the song can serve to limit dispersal and guide others to favourable habitat. The generalised song can vary in phraseology and intensity, and is modified in the presence of a rival male, and changes again to a courtship song when a female is nearby. In male grasshoppers of the family Pneumoridae, the enlarged abdomen amplifies stridulation.
1631:
1543:
1085:
when the tibia is fully flexed. Co-contraction can last for up to half a second, and during this period the extensor muscle shortens and stores elastic strain energy by distorting stiff cuticular structures in the leg. The extensor muscle contraction is quite slow (almost isometric), which allows it to develop high force (up to 14 N in the desert locust), but because it is slow only low power is needed. The third stage of the jump is the trigger relaxation of the flexor muscle, which releases the tibia from the flexed position. The subsequent rapid tibial extension is driven mainly by the relaxation of the elastic structures, rather than by further shortening of the extensor muscle. In this way the stiff cuticle acts like the elastic of a
1335:
1378:
1163:
590:
1653:
563:
1587:
715:
1232:
637:
2033:, researchers fitted grasshoppers with lightweight sensor backpacks that recorded and transmitted the electrical activity of their antennal lobes to a computer. According to the researchers, the grasshoppers were able to detect the location of the highest concentration of explosives. The researchers also tested the effect of combining sensorial information from several grasshoppers on detection accuracy. The neural activity from seven grasshoppers yielded an average detection accuracy rate of 80%, whereas a single grasshopper yielded a 60% rate.
1955:
stimulates an increase in grasshopper populations. A single season of drought is not normally sufficient to stimulate a major population increase, but several successive dry seasons can do so, especially if the intervening winters are mild so that large numbers of nymphs survive. Although sunny weather stimulates growth, there needs to be an adequate food supply for the increasing grasshopper population. This means that although precipitation is needed to stimulate plant growth, prolonged periods of cloudy weather will slow nymphal development.
1565:
2105:
334:, becoming more similar to the adult insect at each developmental stage. The grasshopper hears through the tympanal organ which can be found in the first segment of the abdomen attached to the thorax; while its sense of vision is in the compound eyes, a change in light intensity is perceived in the simple eyes (ocelli). At high population densities and under certain environmental conditions, some grasshopper species can change colour and behavior and form swarms. Under these circumstances, they are known as
536:
931:
617:
1943:
1609:
1101:
155:
893:
1155:
968:
131:
1759:
5183:
509:
454:
1844:
808:
799:, are narrow and leathery while the hindwings are large and membranous, the veins providing strength. The legs are terminated by claws for gripping. The hind leg is particularly powerful. The legs of these species are so powerful that they can jump quite a long distance. they also use this to flee from danger. The femur is robust and has several ridges where different surfaces join and the inner ridges bear
5171:
1278:
1012:) embedded in the cuticle of the legs that sense pressure and cuticle distortion. There are internal "chordotonal" sense organs specialized to detect position and movement about the joints of the exoskeleton. The receptors convey information to the central nervous system through sensory neurons, and most of these have their cell bodies located in the periphery near the receptor site itself.
752:(lubber grasshoppers), found chiefly in the New World. The Ommexechidae and Tristiridae are South American, and the Lentulidae, Lithidiidae and Pamphagidae are mainly African. The Pauliniids are nocturnal and can swim or skate on water, and the Lentulids are wingless. Pneumoridae are native to Africa, particularly southern Africa, and are distinguished by the inflated abdomens of the males.
5159:
482:
1832:
6384:
726:; the earliest insects that are certainly Caeliferans are in the extinct families Locustopseidae and Locustavidae from the early Triassic, roughly 250 million years ago. The group diversified during the Triassic and have remained important plant-eaters from that time to now. The first modern families such as the Eumastacidae, Tetrigidae and Tridactylidae appeared in the
824:
5147:
734:. Morphological classification is difficult because many taxa have converged towards a common habitat type; recent taxonomists have concentrated on the internal genitalia, especially those of the male. This information is not available from fossil specimens, and the palaeontological taxonomy is founded principally on the venation of the hindwings.
1198:, and pass the winter in this state. Diapause is broken by a sufficiently low ground temperature, with development resuming as soon as the ground warms above a certain threshold temperature. The embryos in a pod generally all hatch out within a few minutes of each other. They soon shed their membranes and their exoskeletons harden. These first
2082:'s short story "The Ant and the Grasshopper" explores the fable's symbolism via complex framing. Other human weaknesses besides improvidence have become identified with the grasshopper's behaviour. So an unfaithful woman (hopping from man to man) is "a grasshopper" in "Poprygunya", an 1892 short story by
1063:
They jump for several reasons; to escape from a predator, to launch themselves into flight, or simply to move from place to place. For the escape jump in particular there is strong selective pressure to maximize take-off velocity, since this determines the range. This means that the legs must thrust
878:
Grasshoppers may be confused with crickets, but they differ in many aspects; these include the number of segments in their antennae and the structure of the ovipositor, as well as the location of the tympanal organ and the methods by which sound is produced. Ensiferans have antennae that can be much
1084:
extensor tibiae muscle, but the tibia is kept flexed by the simultaneous contraction of the flexor tibiae muscle. The extensor muscle is much stronger than the flexor muscle, but the latter is aided by specialisations in the joint that give it a large effective mechanical advantage over the former
1059:
Grasshoppers jump by extending their large back legs and pushing against the substrate (the ground, a twig, a blade of grass or whatever else they are standing on); the reaction force propels them into the air. A large grasshopper, such as a locust, can jump about a metre (20 body lengths) without
918:
grown as crops. The digestive system is typical of insects, with
Malpighian tubules discharging into the midgut. Carbohydrates are digested mainly in the crop, while proteins are digested in the ceca of the midgut. Saliva is abundant but largely free of enzymes, helping to move food and Malpighian
870:
The grasshopper's auditory organs are located on its abdomen, rather than on its head. These organs consist of a pair of membranes, each positioned on either side of the first abdominal segment and tucked under the wings. Known as tympanal organs, these simple eardrums vibrate in response to sound
4109:
Betsy
Wieseman: Well, there are two caterpillars that I can see. I particularly like the one right in the foreground that's just dangling from his thread and looking to land somewhere. It's this wonderful little suggestion of movement. There's a grasshopper on the table that looks about ready to
1958:
Grasshoppers can best be prevented from becoming pests by manipulating their environment. Shade provided by trees will discourage them and they may be prevented from moving onto developing crops by removing coarse vegetation from fallow land and field margins and discouraging thick growth beside
1435:. This widespread fungus has been used to control various pest insects around the world, but although it infects grasshoppers, the infection is not usually lethal because basking in the sun has the result of raising the insects' temperature above a threshold tolerated by the fungus. The fungal
1079:
The jump is a three-stage process. First, the grasshopper fully flexes the lower part of the leg (tibia) against the upper part (femur) by activating the flexor tibiae muscle (the back legs of the grasshopper in the top photograph are in this preparatory position). Second, there is a period of
1000:) on the forehead which can detect light intensity, a pair of antennae containing olfactory (smell) and touch receptors, and mouthparts containing gustatory (taste) receptors. At the front end of the abdomen there is a pair of tympanal organs for sound reception. There are numerous fine hairs (
4339:
Aman, Paul; Frederich, Michel; Uyttenbroeck, Roel; Hatt, Séverin; Malik, Priyanka; Lebecque, Simon; Hamaidia, Malik; Miazek, Krystian; Goffin, Dorothée; Willems, Luc; Deleu, Magali; Fauconnier, Marie-Laure; Richel, Aurore; De Pauw, Edwin; Blecker, Christophe; Arnaud, Monty; Francis, Frédéric;
1954:
Grasshoppers eat large quantities of foliage both as adults and during their development, and can be serious pests of arid land and prairies. Pasture, grain, forage, vegetable and other crops can be affected. Grasshoppers often bask in the sun, and thrive in warm sunny conditions, so drought
1822:
Grasshoppers appearing in dreams have been interpreted as symbols of "Freedom, independence, spiritual enlightenment, inability to settle down or commit to decision". Locusts are taken literally to mean devastation of crops in the case of farmers; figuratively as "wicked men and women" for
741:. The Caelifera have a predominantly tropical distribution with fewer species known from temperate zones, but most of the superfamilies have representatives worldwide. They are almost exclusively herbivorous and are probably the oldest living group of chewing herbivorous insects.
1369:
are parasitic worms that infect grasshoppers and alter the behaviour of their hosts. When the worms are sufficiently developed, the grasshopper is persuaded to leap into a nearby body of water where it drowns, thus enabling the parasite to continue with the next stage of its
1213:, each instar becoming larger and more like an adult, with the wing-buds increasing in size at each stage. The number of instars varies between species but is often six. After the final moult, the wings are inflated and become fully functional. The migratory grasshopper,
874:
Those species that make easily heard noises usually do so by rubbing a row of pegs on the hind legs against the edges of the forewings (stridulation). These sounds are produced mainly by males to attract females, though in some species the females also stridulate.
1959:
ditches and on roadside verges. With increasing numbers of grasshoppers, predator numbers may increase, but this seldom happens rapidly enough to have much effect on populations. Biological control is being investigated, and spores of the protozoan parasite
1630:
2003:
and other organisations monitor locust activity around the world. Timely application of pesticides can prevent nomadic bands of hoppers from forming before dense swarms of adults can build up. Besides conventional control using contact insecticides,
1268:
can eat about 2 g (0.1 oz) of plant material each day, so the billions of insects in a large swarm can be very destructive, stripping all the foliage from plants in an affected area and consuming stems, flowers, fruits, seeds and bark.
1255:
which attract the insects to each other. With several generations in a year, the locust population can build up from localised groups into vast accumulations of flying insects known as plagues, devouring all the vegetation they encounter. The
1704:, c. 1685. The seemingly static scene is animated by a "grasshopper on the table that looks about ready to spring", according to the gallery curator Betsy Wieseman, with other invertebrates including a spider, an ant, and two caterpillars.
1042:
to be excreted into the gut. Other functions of the haemolymph include wound healing, heat transfer and the provision of hydrostatic pressure, but the circulatory system is not involved in gaseous exchange. Respiration is performed using
1038:. A heart-like structure in the upper part of the abdomen pumps the fluid to the head from where it percolates past the tissues and organs on its way back to the abdomen. This system circulates nutrients throughout the body and carries
1243:
Locusts are the swarming phase of certain species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family
Acrididae. Swarming behaviour is a response to overcrowding. Increased tactile stimulation of the hind legs causes an increase in levels of
1468:, once considered to be a protozoan, can be lethal to grasshoppers. It has to be consumed by mouth and is the basis for a bait-based commercial microbial pesticide. Various other microsporidians and protozoans are found in the gut.
1933:
In recent years, with the search for alternative healthy and sustainable protein sources, grasshoppers are being cultivated by commercial companies operating grasshopper farms and are being used as food and protein supplements.
803:
pegs in some species. The posterior edge of the tibia bears a double row of spines and there are a pair of articulated spurs near its lower end. The interior of the thorax houses the muscles that control the wings and legs.
1542:
376:. Even in smaller numbers, the insects can be serious pests. They are used as food in countries such as Mexico and Indonesia. They feature in art, symbolism and literature. The study of grasshopper species is called
1089:, or the bow of a bow-and-arrow. Energy is put into the store at low power by slow but strong muscle contraction, and retrieved from the store at high power by rapid relaxation of the mechanical elastic structures.
1444:
is able to influence the behaviour of its grasshopper host, causing it to climb to the top of a plant and cling to the stem as it dies. This ensures wide dispersal of the fungal spores liberated from the corpse.
1194:, deposit the pod directly into plant tissue. The eggs in the pod are glued together with a froth in some species. After a few weeks of development, the eggs of most species in temperate climates go into
1051:. Larger insects may need to actively ventilate their bodies by opening some spiracles while others remain closed, using abdominal muscles to expand and contract the body and pump air through the system.
1248:. This causes the grasshopper to change colour, feed more and breed faster. The transformation of a solitary individual into a swarming one is induced by several contacts per minute over a short period.
4423:
the bustling night market near
Wangfujing Dajie is a veritable food zoo: lamb, beef and chicken skewers, corn on the cob, smelly dòufu (tofu), cicadas, grasshoppers, kidneys, quail eggs, snake, squid
318:
Grasshoppers are typically ground-dwelling insects with powerful hind legs which allow them to escape from threats by leaping vigorously. Their front legs are shorter and used for grasping food. As
1980:
paddies. Ploughing exposes the eggs on the surface of the field, to be destroyed by sunshine or eaten by natural enemies. Some eggs may be buried too deeply in the soil for hatching to take place.
1564:
1184:
The newly emerged female grasshopper has a preoviposition period of a week or two while she increases in weight and her eggs mature. After mating, the female of most species digs a hole with her
2970:
1586:
4044:
1188:
and lays a batch of eggs in a pod in the ground near food plants, generally in the summer. After laying the eggs, she covers the hole with soil and litter. Some, like the semi-aquatic
357:
the predator with a brilliantly coloured wing flash while jumping and (if adult) launching themselves into the air, usually flying for only a short distance. Other species such as the
2859:
O'Neill, Kevin M.; Woods, Stephen A.; Streett, Douglas A. (1997). "Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Foraging on
Grasshopper Feces: Observational and Rubidium-Labeling Studies".
365:
which deters predators. Grasshoppers are affected by parasites and various diseases, and many predatory creatures feed on both nymphs and adults. The eggs are subject to attack by
388:
Grasshoppers belong to the suborder
Caelifera. Although "grasshopper" has been used as a common name for the suborder in general, modern sources restrict it to the more "evolved"
1331:. External parasites of adults and nymphs include mites. Female grasshoppers parasitised by mites produce fewer eggs and thus have fewer offspring than unaffected individuals.
4410:
3110:
3079:
4625:
1608:
2363:
1264:
in 1875; the swarm was 1,800 miles (2,900 km) long and 110 miles (180 km) wide, and one estimate puts the number of locusts involved at 3.5 trillion. An adult
2748:
3978:
McGovern, George M.; Mitchell, Joseph C.; Knisley, C. Barry (1984). "Field
Experiments on Prey Selection by the Whiptail Lizard, Cnemidophorus inornatus, in Arizona".
3786:
3035:
2341:
1746:
primarily carry a grasshopper motif (for example Kamen Rider Black's Batta Man form), which continues to serve as the baseline visual template for most entries in the
4835:
4096:
855:
and hearing system. Segments two to eight are ring-shaped and joined by flexible membranes. Segments nine to eleven are reduced in size; segment nine bears a pair of
4263:
1507:
patterns on their wings, giving a sudden flash of bright colours that may startle predators long enough to give time to escape in a combination of jump and flight.
3617:
2955:
2211:
1175:
In most grasshopper species, conflicts between males over females rarely escalate beyond ritualistic displays. Some exceptions include the chameleon grasshopper (
1891:
in
Indonesia. Grasshoppers are a beloved delicacy in Uganda; they are usually eaten fried (most commonly in November and May after the rains). In America, the
5828:
4158:
1792:. Native Athenians for a while wore golden grasshopper brooches to symbolise that they were of pure Athenian lineage with no foreign ancestors. In addition,
4893:
345:
of cereals, vegetables and pasture, especially when they swarm in the millions as locusts and destroy crops over wide areas. They protect themselves from
6412:
4070:
2523:
Béthoux, Oliver; Ross, A.J. (2005). "Mesacridites Riek, 1954 (Middle
Triassic; Australia) transferred from Protorthoptera to Orthoptera: Locustavidae".
1973:
can be used, but adult grasshoppers are difficult to kill, and as they move into fields from surrounding rank growth, crops may soon become reinfested.
396:
and have been referred to as "short-horned grasshoppers" in older texts to distinguish them from the also-obsolete term "long-horned grasshoppers" (now
3717:
2978:
4922:
992:
Grasshoppers have a typical insect nervous system, and have an extensive set of external sense organs. On the side of the head are a pair of large
2604:
1377:
3473:
4979:
1334:
6112:
2744:
2042:
748:, with around 8,000 species. The two main families in this are the Acrididae (grasshoppers and locusts) with a worldwide distribution, and the
4654:
4534:
4040:
5104:
5083:
4868:
4498:
4386:
4231:
4133:
3355:
3019:
2931:
2897:
2781:
2696:
2503:
2325:
372:
Grasshoppers have had a long relationship with humans. Swarms of locusts can have devastating effects and cause famine, having done so since
5217:
4435:
3591:
2146:
pivoted at one end, the long horizontal arm resembling the hind leg of a grasshopper. The type was patented by
William Freemantle in 1803.
1652:
1251:
Following this transformation, under suitable conditions dense nomadic bands of flightless nymphs known as "hoppers" can occur, producing
1119:
4392:
4139:
3361:
2903:
2787:
2509:
4744:
4504:
2802:
2702:
1162:
373:
4770:
4200:
4110:
spring to the other side and then nestled up between the rose and the peony is a wonderful spider and an ant on the petals of the rose.
3280:
4953:
4796:
3944:
3496:
2026:
1486:, enabling them to avoid detection, to escape if detected, and in some cases to avoid being eaten if captured. Grasshoppers are often
737:
The Caelifera includes some 2,400 valid genera and about 11,000 known species. Many undescribed species probably exist, especially in
5010:
4590:
There is no reason, however, to question the plausibility of Mark 1:6c, that John regularly ate these foods while in the wilderness.
4406:
4194:
3648:
2000:
1118:
589:
3521:
3102:
3071:
562:
4614:
4361:
3164:
2390:
Flook, P.K.; Rowell, C.H.F. (1997). "The Phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as Deduced from mtrRNA Gene Sequences".
5821:
2355:
879:
longer than the body and have at least 20–24 segments, while caeliferans have fewer segments in their shorter, stouter antennae.
3191:
923:, which by softening plant cell walls makes plant cell contents accessible to other digestive enzymes. Grasshoppers can also be
714:
5837:
4709:
Lomer, C.J.; Bateman, R.P.; Johnson, D.L.; Langewald, J.; Thomas, M. (2001). "Biological Control of Locusts and Grasshoppers".
4521:
3757:
3556:
1526:
monkey that ate other grasshoppers refused to eat the species. Another species, the rainbow or painted grasshopper of Arizona,
1004:) covering the whole body that act as mechanoreceptors (touch and wind sensors), and these are most dense on the antennae, the
3330:
2029:
announced they had engineered "cyborg grasshoppers" capable of accurately detecting explosives. In the project, funded by the
6227:
5118:
5030:
2294:
1231:
4823:
4092:
776:
that are sensitive to touch and smell. The downward-directed mouthparts are modified for chewing and there are two sensory
6310:
5903:
1025:
996:
which give a broad field of vision and can detect movement, shape, colour and distance. There are also three simple eyes (
4517:
4259:
4246:
3849:
3609:
1490:
to avoid detection by predators that hunt by sight; some species can change their coloration to suit their surroundings.
6427:
6417:
4687:
1884:
1742:
636:
31:
3137:
2078:. The ant works hard all summer, while the grasshopper plays. In winter, the ant is ready but the grasshopper starves.
311:. They are amongst what are possibly the most ancient living groups of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the
154:
6422:
6360:
5814:
3543:
Rogers, Stephen M.; Matheson, Thomas; Despland, Emma; Dodgson, Timothy; Burrows, Malcolm; Simpson, Stephen J. (2003).
2092:
2074:
1709:
1550:
1520:(Pyrgomorphidae) is a "heavy, bloated, sluggish insect" that makes no attempt to hide; it has a bright red abdomen. A
982:
901:
781:
1068:
is that it cannot contract with high force and high velocity at the same time. Grasshoppers overcome this by using a
2578:
1217:, spends about 25 to 30 days as a nymph, depending on sex and temperature, and lives for about 51 days as an adult.
768:. The head is held vertically at an angle to the body, with the mouth at the bottom. The head bears a large pair of
6340:
6320:
2242:
1965:
can be used mixed with bait to control grasshoppers, being more effective with immature insects. On a small scale,
4885:
4154:
1999:
epidemics, resulting from the corpses of locusts drowned in the Mediterranean Sea and decomposing on beaches. The
2268:
1836:
1503:
of leaves. Stick grasshoppers (Proscopiidae) mimic wooden sticks in form and coloration. Grasshoppers often have
1365:
1181:), where males may fight on top of ovipositing females; engaging in leg grappling, biting, kicking and mounting.
2830:"Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Foraging on Grasshopper Feces: Observational and Rubidium-Labeling Studies"
2544:
6305:
6300:
5210:
2030:
1690:
1483:
1477:
1236:
1206:
935:
812:
4066:
3893:(Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales), a Fungal Pathogen of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae), in North Dakota".
1458:
in grasshoppers. It is being investigated for possible use as a microbial insecticide for locust control. The
3689:
Branson, David H. (2003). "Effects of a parasite mite on life-history variation in two grasshopper species".
2136:
saw a Piper making a rough landing and remarked that it looked like a grasshopper for its bouncing progress.
795:. The three fused thoracic segments bear three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings. The forewings, known as
6207:
6184:
6097:
3729:
2139:
2109:
2009:
2005:
1872:
1816:
1533:
1427:
1359:
1031:
761:
723:
4824:"Somerset Maugham's "The Ant and the Grasshopper": The Literary Implications of Its Multilayered Structure"
2104:
6272:
2992:
1812:
1767:
1516:
1422:
947:
835:
772:
which give all-round vision, three simple eyes which can detect light and dark, and a pair of thread-like
535:
323:
140:
3641:
Locust: the Devastating Rise and Mysterious Disappearance of the Insect that Shaped the American Frontier
3376:
2716:
2660:
914:
and also eat animal tissue and animal faeces. In general their preference is for grasses, including many
6365:
6257:
6047:
6042:
5893:
4918:
3814:
3780:
1678:
1371:
1261:
1110:
1048:
616:
5151:
2627:
3458:
1942:
6212:
6006:
5993:
4975:
4562:"Did John the Baptist Eat Like a Former Essene? Locust-Eating in the Ancient Near East and at Qumran"
3823:
3411:
2532:
2399:
2216:
1880:
1009:
973:
4538:
1731:, the antagonists are a gang of grasshoppers, with their leader Hopper serving as the main villain.
6370:
6315:
6082:
6067:
5951:
5767:
5203:
4650:
2317:
2013:
1797:
1450:
1416:
1064:
against the ground with both high force and a high velocity of movement. A fundamental property of
738:
722:
In evolutionary terms, the split between the Caelifera and the Ensifera is no more recent than the
369:
and predators. Grasshoppers are diurnal insects, meaning they are most active during the day time.
358:
2605:"Alternate tactics in male bladder grasshoppers Bullacris membracioides (Orthoptera: Pneumoridae)"
6407:
5888:
5723:
4581:
3995:
3902:
3583:
3238:
3029:
2949:
2548:
2335:
1966:
1849:
1638:
1621:
1616:
1572:
1528:
1440:
1431:
1354:
1167:
1065:
1047:, air-filled tubes, which open at the surfaces of the thorax and abdomen through pairs of valved
362:
354:
287:
149:
4439:
3753:"Do hairworms (Nematomorpha) manipulate the water seeking behaviour of their terrestrial hosts?"
3544:
5073:
2061:
to locusts: "They covered the mountains and valleys and were like locusts in their multitude."
6092:
6062:
6011:
6001:
5976:
5910:
5731:
5435:
5419:
5382:
5348:
5100:
5094:
5079:
5053:
5006:
4864:
4726:
4494:
4382:
4376:
4353:
4321:
4227:
4190:
4129:
4123:
3940:
3698:
3644:
3575:
3439:
3351:
3345:
3322:
3230:
3015:
2937:
2927:
2917:
2893:
2887:
2777:
2771:
2692:
2499:
2493:
2471:
2415:
2321:
2065:
1346:
1281:
1257:
1190:
1021:
1008:(part of the mouth), and on the cerci at the tip of the abdomen. There are special receptors (
863:, with short ovipositors. The name of the suborder "Caelifera" comes from the Latin and means
860:
840:
773:
401:
4858:
4488:
2806:
2686:
1871:
with chilli sauce. Grasshoppers are served on skewers in some Chinese food markets, like the
6262:
6144:
6037:
6032:
5898:
5411:
5403:
5390:
5369:
5361:
5306:
4718:
4573:
4311:
4301:
4184:
4022:
3987:
3936:
3831:
3766:
3565:
3429:
3419:
3314:
3272:
3257:
3222:
2868:
2841:
2619:
2540:
2446:
2407:
2309:
2079:
1899:
1801:
1785:
1674:
851:
The abdomen has eleven segments, the first of which is fused to the thorax and contains the
389:
4945:
4800:
4205:
research into Elizabethan wordplay reveals the proprietary nature of Gresham's grasshopper.
3493:
967:
892:
859:
and segments ten and eleven have the reproductive organs. Female grasshoppers are normally
130:
6197:
3500:
1961:
1758:
1464:
1357:. Adult worms lay eggs on plants and the host becomes infected when the foliage is eaten.
1154:
1073:
1039:
612:
508:
342:
327:
5175:
4561:
2310:
1906:) while living in the wilderness. However, because of a tradition of depicting him as an
1727:
730:, though some insects that might belong to the last two of these groups are found in the
5187:
5163:
4913:
4911:
3827:
3751:
Thomas, F.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, A.; Martin, G.; Manu, C.; Durand, P. Renaud, F. (May 2002).
3513:
3415:
2829:
2536:
2403:
2041:
930:
453:
424:), Caelifera and all the superfamilies of grasshoppers except Pamphagoidea appear to be
6388:
6279:
6252:
6178:
6052:
5936:
5869:
5775:
5759:
5671:
5663:
5612:
5520:
5427:
4341:
4316:
4289:
4026:
3434:
3399:
3160:
2182:
2133:
2125:
1895:
burned grassland to herd grasshoppers into pits where they could be collected as food.
1808:
1775:
1763:
1514:, having both bright warning coloration and sufficient toxicity to dissuade predators.
1328:
1301:
1081:
852:
731:
477:
319:
312:
277:
5182:
2435:"The phylogeny of the Orthoptera (Insecta) as deduced from mitogenomic gene sequences"
1843:
807:
6401:
6335:
5880:
5780:
5750:
5684:
5617:
5586:
5563:
5553:
5456:
5448:
5322:
3771:
3752:
3187:
2552:
2083:
1823:
non-farmers; and "Extravagance, misfortune, & ephemeral happiness" by "gypsies".
1697:
1657:
1594:
1522:
1495:
1459:
1297:
1265:
993:
558:
531:
409:
282:
272:
262:
88:
3587:
3242:
2433:
Zhang, Hong-Li; Huang, Yuan; Lin, Li-Liang; Wang, Xiao-Yang; Zheng, Zhe-Min (2013).
1819:, but the company declined to use the symbol for fear of confusion with the locust.
6267:
6232:
6156:
5926:
5692:
5642:
5632:
5627:
5604:
5594:
5540:
5525:
5314:
5270:
5114:
3298:
2207:
2129:
1969:
can be effective as a feeding deterrent and as a disruptor of nymphal development.
1793:
1309:
1305:
1158:
Six stages (instars) of development, from newly hatched nymph to fully winged adult
1143:
978:
831:
800:
769:
585:
425:
397:
267:
5806:
5026:
4722:
3930:
5129:
4461:
3800:
Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas; Biron, David G.; Joly, Cécile; Thomas, Frédéric (2005).
3424:
2290:
1117:
6330:
6161:
6132:
6057:
6027:
5981:
5931:
5736:
5650:
5599:
5576:
5557:
5545:
5535:
5327:
4535:"St John the Baptist's diet – according to some early Eastern Christian sources"
4013:
Hingston, R.W.G. (1927). "The liquid-squirting habit of oriental grasshoppers".
2143:
2117:
2087:
2069:
2054:
1970:
1788:, possibly because they were among the most common insects on the dry plains of
1747:
1386:
1277:
1177:
924:
907:
504:
481:
63:
5170:
2926:. Matthew D. LaPlante, Catherine Delphia (1st ed.). New York. p. 99.
1831:
6107:
6102:
5959:
5874:
5710:
5702:
5568:
5530:
5504:
5298:
5227:
3889:
Valovage, W.D.; Nelson, D.R. (1990). "Host Range and Recorded Distribution of
3853:
3835:
2941:
1915:
1907:
1863:
1682:
1555:
1511:
1487:
1324:
1320:
1185:
1134:
1035:
911:
844:
749:
745:
727:
632:
435:
377:
366:
350:
257:
206:
108:
73:
5195:
4679:
4577:
4357:
3702:
3213:
Burrows, M. (1995). "Motor patterns during kicking movements in the locust".
2828:
O'Neill, Kevin M.; Woods, Stephen A.; Streett, Douglas A. (1 December 1997).
2623:
6325:
5941:
5622:
5512:
5495:
5483:
5340:
5258:
5246:
5158:
3258:"The locust jump III. Structural specialisations of the metathoracic tibiae"
3133:
2451:
2434:
2212:"A Plague of Locusts Descends Upon the Holy Land, Just in Time for Passover"
2121:
2017:, which specifically infects grasshoppers, has been used with some success.
1736:
1455:
1293:
1252:
1245:
955:
951:
943:
920:
413:
405:
393:
341:
Grasshoppers are plant-eaters, with a few species at times becoming serious
308:
226:
216:
186:
166:
113:
57:
17:
4730:
4325:
4306:
3579:
3470:
Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds
3443:
2921:
2872:
2845:
2475:
2411:
1976:
Some grasshopper species, like the Chinese rice grasshopper, are a pest in
1353:) is a long slender worm that infects grasshoppers, living in the insects'
823:
5146:
3326:
3234:
2419:
1983:
Locust plagues can have devastating effects on human populations, causing
6222:
6127:
5969:
5964:
5286:
5264:
2570:
2058:
1868:
1815:, dating from 1563; the building was for a while the headquarters of the
1577:
1504:
1436:
1426:
have both been implicated in causing disease in grasshoppers, as has the
1411:
1399:
1289:
1195:
1086:
1069:
871:
waves, enabling the grasshopper to hear the songs of other grasshoppers.
827:
777:
445:
417:
346:
305:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
50:
6383:
3906:
3318:
3276:
2238:
1532:(Acridoidea), has been shown by experiment with a natural predator, the
6217:
6173:
6139:
6117:
6072:
4585:
3999:
3226:
1996:
1714:
1599:
1500:
1210:
1044:
796:
788:
765:
118:
93:
3570:
3545:"Mechanosensory-induced behavioral gregarization in the desert locust
2264:
1171:
grasshoppers: female (larger) is laying eggs, with male in attendance.
6151:
5852:
5841:
5252:
5240:
1984:
1892:
1858:
1789:
1718:
1407:
1381:
1313:
1226:
1199:
997:
915:
856:
792:
335:
301:
196:
176:
46:
3991:
3850:"CSIRO ScienceImage 1367 Locusts attacked by the fungus Metarhizium"
2971:"March of the locusts – individuals start moving to avoid cannibals"
839:, somewhat resemble grasshoppers but have over 20 segments in their
412:
of thirty-two taxa in six out of seven superfamilies, is shown as a
3801:
1304:; hoppers and adults are taken by other insects such as ants and ,
6122:
4490:
The Ohlone Way: Indian Life in the San Francisco–Monterey Bay Area
2103:
2040:
1992:
1988:
1947:
1941:
1919:
1842:
1830:
1780:
1757:
1722:
1651:
1403:
1391:
1376:
1333:
1276:
1230:
1161:
1153:
1001:
966:
929:
891:
822:
816:
806:
713:
331:
4224:
Aristophanes: The Complete Plays: A New Translation by Paul Roche
6166:
5093:
Chapman, R. F.; Simpson, Stephen J.; Douglas, Angela E. (2013).
3010:
Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
2745:"Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids and locusts: Order Orthoptera"
1977:
1888:
1673:
Grasshoppers are occasionally depicted in artworks, such as the
1339:
1005:
986:
5810:
5480:
5283:
5199:
3398:
Umbers, K.; Tatarnic, N.; Holwell, G.; Herberstein, M. (2012).
1316:, and by many birds and small mammals including dogs and cats.
1857:
In some countries, grasshoppers are used as food. In southern
939:
910:, eating vegetation from multiple plant sources, but some are
3457:
Hill, M.P.; Oberholzer, I.G. (2000). Spencer, Neal R. (ed.).
1454:
is found in Africa, Australia and Brazil where it has caused
4487:
Margolin, Malcolm; Harney, Michael (illus.) (October 2012).
4462:"The Ugandan love of grasshoppers - and how to harvest them"
4247:
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), Fascinum
2993:"From solo to sociable—how locusts try to avoid cannibalism"
2571:"Caelifera: Shorthorned Grasshoppers, Locusts and Relatives"
2053:
in the consonantal hieroglyphic writing system. The pharaoh
1902:
ate locusts and wild honey (Greek: ἀκρίδες καὶ μέλι ἄγριον,
1099:
1060:
using its wings; the acceleration peaks at about 20 g.
4686:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
2545:
10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0607:mrmatf>2.0.co;2
1390:, an environmentally friendly means of biological control.
4976:"Piper L-4 Grasshopper Light Observation Aircraft (1941)"
2162:
The symbol is a wordplay on the name Gresham and "grass".
2132:. The name is said to have originated when Major General
1987:
and population upheavals. They are mentioned in both the
5134:(2nd ed.). Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station.
2049:
The Egyptian word for locust or grasshopper was written
1707:
Grasshoppers are also featured in cinema. The 1957 film
760:
Grasshoppers have the typical insect body plan of head,
2376:
Imms A.D., rev. Richards O.W. & Davies R.G. (1970)
1774:
Grasshoppers are sometimes used as symbols. During the
4624:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. October 2000.
4125:
A Year of Fear: A Day-by-Day Guide to 366 Horror Films
1292:
at different stages of their lives; eggs are eaten by
1080:
co-contraction in which force builds up in the large,
787:
The thorax and abdomen are segmented and have a rigid
5459:(katydids, bush-crickets or long-horned grasshoppers)
4771:"'Cyborg' grasshopper engineered to sniff explosives"
1642:, defends itself with toxic foam and warning colours.
3802:"Host–parasite relations and seasonal occurrence of
2487:
2485:
2183:"grasshopper | Description, Features, & Species"
1796:
hung the figure of a kind of grasshopper before the
1493:
Several species such as the hooded leaf grasshopper
919:
secretions along the gut. Some grasshoppers possess
6351:
6293:
6245:
6196:
6081:
6020:
5992:
5950:
5919:
5862:
5848:
5758:
5749:
5722:
5701:
5683:
5662:
5641:
5585:
5503:
5494:
5447:
5402:
5381:
5360:
5339:
5297:
4346:
Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
4290:"The Curious Connection Between Insects and Dreams"
4015:
Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
2603:Donelson, Nathan C.; van Staaden, Moira J. (2005).
4745:"Bomb-sniffing grasshoppers tested by scientists"
5713:(grouse locusts, pygmy locusts or groundhoppers)
5607:(monkey grasshoppers or matchstick grasshoppers)
4093:"The National Gallery Podcast: Episode Nineteen"
1398:Grasshoppers are affected by diseases caused by
4600:
4598:
3675:
3673:
3663:
3661:
1867:, are eaten in a variety of dishes, such as in
1807:Another symbolic use of the grasshopper is Sir
718:Fossil grasshoppers at the Royal Ontario Museum
4863:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 80–83.
3400:"Ferocious Fighting between Male Grasshoppers"
3381:Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society
2805:. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Archived from
1922:beans, notwithstanding the fact that the word
1910:, attempts have been made to explain that the
1125:Several unidentified grasshoppers stridulating
5822:
5372:(cave, camel and spider crickets; cave wetas)
5211:
4769:staff, E&T editorial (18 February 2020).
3728:. IFAS, University of Florida. Archived from
3350:. Oxford University Press. pp. 172–175.
2291:"About Orthoptera: Crickets and grasshoppers"
8:
4217:
4215:
4213:
3785:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3034:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2776:. Manchester University Press. p. 106.
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2340:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2308:Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael, S. (2005).
1847:Sweet-and-salty grasshoppers dish in Japan (
867:, referring to the shape of the ovipositor.
4537:. St John's College, Oxford. Archived from
4438:(in Indonesian). UMKM Jogja. Archived from
4189:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 9.
4041:"Flowers in a Vase with Shells and Insects"
3895:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
3875:
3873:
3871:
2598:
2596:
2498:. Cambridge University Press. p. 210.
2492:Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005).
1693:, though the insect may be a bush-cricket.
1022:Insect morphology § Circulatory system
448: (crickets, katydids, etc.)
5859:
5829:
5815:
5807:
5755:
5500:
5491:
5477:
5294:
5280:
5218:
5204:
5196:
5131:Field Guide to Common Western Grasshoppers
5058:. Cambridge University Press. p. 108.
4381:. University of Texas Press. p. 754.
3935:. University of California Press. p.
3299:"The energetics of the jump of the locust
3047:
3045:
2954:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1580:coloured wings, used to startle predators.
1384:killed by the naturally occurring fungus,
1202:nymphs can then jump away from predators.
791:made up of overlapping plates composed of
129:
38:
4342:"Grasshoppers as a food source? A review"
4340:Haubruge, Eric; Danthine, Sabine (2016).
4315:
4305:
4178:
4176:
3770:
3643:(1st ed.). Basic Books. p. 21.
3569:
3433:
3423:
2889:Insect Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
2717:"10 Fascinating Facts About Grasshoppers"
2661:"10 Fascinating Facts About Grasshoppers"
2564:
2562:
2450:
1687:Flowers in a Vase with Shells and Insects
1030:Like other insects, grasshoppers have an
408:of the Caelifera, based on mitochondrial
353:; when detected, many species attempt to
5393:(dune crickets or splay-footed crickets)
4283:
4281:
3610:"Looking Back at the Days of the Locust"
2691:. Harvard University Press. p. 45.
2116:The name "Grasshopper" was given to the
1995:and have also been held responsible for
1778:, the grasshopper was the symbol of the
1319:The eggs and nymphs are under attack by
1142:Male grasshoppers spend much of the day
1034:and their body cavities are filled with
4378:Oaxaca al Gusto: An Infinite Gastronomy
4203:from the original on 27 November 2017.
3597:from the original on 24 September 2016.
3103:"Insect physiology: Respiratory system"
2174:
2155:
1713:portrayed giant grasshoppers attacking
1538:
392:. They may be placed in the infraorder
6113:List of crop plants pollinated by bees
4886:"Movie Review: The Grasshopper (1969)"
4674:
4672:
4507:from the original on 27 November 2017.
4395:from the original on 27 November 2017.
4142:from the original on 27 November 2017.
3778:
3479:from the original on 20 December 2016.
3459:"Host specificity of the grasshopper,
3364:from the original on 27 November 2017.
3140:from the original on 24 September 2015
3027:
3014:. Cengage Learning. pp. 735–737.
2947:
2906:from the original on 27 November 2017.
2790:from the original on 27 November 2017.
2705:from the original on 27 November 2017.
2512:from the original on 27 November 2017.
2356:"ITIS Standard Report Page: Acrididea"
2333:
2316:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1835:Fried grasshoppers from Gunung Kidul,
1132:
5033:from the original on 10 December 2016
4925:from the original on 23 November 2017
4860:The Cambridge Introduction to Chekhov
4266:from the original on 29 November 2016
4262:. Times Higher Education Supplement.
4226:. New American Library. p. 176.
3932:Latin American Insects and Entomology
3488:
3486:
3472:. Montana State University: 349–356.
3286:from the original on 19 October 2016.
3194:from the original on 18 November 2014
2739:
2737:
2392:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
4684:Locusts in Caucasus and Central Asia
3608:Yoon, Carol Kaesuk (23 April 2002).
3524:from the original on 10 October 2013
3463:, a natural enemy of water hyacinth"
3377:"Communication among social insects"
3333:from the original on 3 January 2017.
2239:"Caelifera:Grasshoppers and Locusts"
744:The most diverse superfamily is the
400:or katydids) with their much longer
5096:The Insects: Structure and Function
5055:A short history of the steam engine
4982:from the original on 1 January 2017
4651:"Rice grasshopper (Oxya chinensis)"
4631:from the original on 17 August 2016
3514:"Locust swarms 'high' on serotonin"
3307:The Journal of Experimental Biology
3215:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
3113:from the original on 3 January 2017
3082:from the original on 3 January 2017
2366:from the original on 2 August 2017.
2297:from the original on 5 August 2017.
2265:"Suborder Caelifera – Grasshoppers"
2025:In February 2020, researchers from
1664:, c. 1685. National Gallery, London
1273:Predators, parasites, and pathogens
605:
578:
551:
524:
497:
470:
441:
431:
4795:Dollinger, André (January 2010) .
4413:from the original on 11 March 2015
4095:. The National Gallery. May 2008.
4027:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1927.tb00060.x
3810:(Nematomorpha) in Southern France"
3167:from the original on 19 March 2015
3101:Meyer, John R. (1 November 2006).
2751:from the original on 18 April 2015
2569:Rowell, Hugh; Flook, Paul (2001).
2470:. British Museum Natural History.
2271:from the original on 4 August 2017
2245:from the original on 11 April 2017
2027:Washington University in St. Louis
1656:Detail of grasshopper on table in
1482:Grasshoppers exemplify a range of
1288:Grasshoppers have a wide range of
1260:was one formed by the now-extinct
27:Common name for a group of insects
25:
6413:Extant Triassic first appearances
4896:from the original on 2 April 2015
4838:from the original on 2 April 2015
4690:from the original on 4 April 2015
4436:"Walang Goreng Khas Gunung Kidul"
4364:from the original on 31 May 2016.
4161:from the original on 2 April 2015
4155:"A Bug's Life: Colonial Allegory"
4153:Parihar, Parth (4 January 2014).
4099:from the original on 2 April 2015
4073:from the original on 2 April 2015
4047:from the original on 2 April 2015
3620:from the original on 3 April 2015
3512:Morgan, James (29 January 2009).
3012:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition
2773:Aims and Methods in Neuroethology
2581:from the original on 8 April 2015
1898:It is recorded in the Bible that
971:Frontal view of Egyptian locust (
330:or "hopper" which undergoes five
6382:
5422:(Cooloola monster and relatives)
5181:
5169:
5157:
5145:
4956:from the original on 25 May 2017
4884:Greenspun, Roger (28 May 1970).
4657:from the original on 25 May 2017
3772:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00410.x
2886:Gilbert, Lawrence Irwin (2012).
2378:A General Textbook of Entomology
1946:Crop pest: grasshopper eating a
1914:were in fact a suitably ascetic
1696:Another orthopteran is found in
1629:
1607:
1585:
1563:
1541:
1133:Problems playing this file? See
1115:
815:, with visible spines along the
635:
615:
588:
561:
534:
507:
480:
452:
326:; they hatch from an egg into a
153:
5072:Capinera, John L., ed. (2008).
4260:"The City's golden grasshopper"
4258:Connell, Tim (9 January 1998).
3758:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
3557:Journal of Experimental Biology
3265:Journal of Experimental Biology
3070:Meyer, John R. (8 April 2009).
2892:. Academic Press. p. 399.
6228:Home-stored product entomology
5120:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
5099:. Cambridge University Press.
3186:Heitler, W.J. (January 2007).
3159:Heitler, W.J. (January 2007).
3132:Heitler, W.J. (January 2007).
2770:Guthrie, David Maltby (1987).
2124:light aircraft, both used for
1766:'s gilded grasshopper symbol,
1374:, which takes place in water.
315:around 250 million years ago.
1:
6311:Decline in insect populations
5904:List of insect-inspired songs
5186:The dictionary definition of
4723:10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.667
4604:Capinera, 2008. pp. 1710–1712
3879:Capinera, 2008. pp. 1229–1230
3691:Evolutionary Ecology Research
3679:Capinera, 2008. pp. 1709–1710
3639:Lockwood, Jeffrey A. (2004).
1750:it has given birth to since.
1734:The protagonists of the 1971
1499:(Eumastacoidea) are detailed
1258:largest recorded locust swarm
1026:Respiratory system of insects
322:insects, they do not undergo
4560:Kelhoffer, James A. (2004).
3667:Capinera, 2008. pp 1181–1183
3425:10.1371/journal.pone.0049600
3344:Biewener, Andrew A. (2003).
3190:. University of St Andrews.
3163:. University of St Andrews.
3136:. University of St Andrews.
2128:and other support duties in
32:Grasshopper (disambiguation)
5005:. Senecio. pp. 95–96.
4711:Annual Review of Entomology
4186:Elizabethan Silent Language
3297:Bennet-Clark, H.C. (1975).
2075:The Ant and the Grasshopper
2057:compared the armies of the
2045:Egyptian hieroglyphs "snḥm"
2031:US Office of Naval Research
1510:Some species are genuinely
1338:Grasshopper with parasitic
1284:monkey eating a grasshopper
1076:produced by their muscles.
1016:Circulation and respiration
902:Digestive system of insects
6444:
6341:Pesticide toxicity to bees
6321:List of endangered insects
5123:. Oxford University Press.
5078:(2nd ed.). Springer.
5075:Encyclopedia of Entomology
4919:"Aeronca L-3B Grasshopper"
4857:Loehlin, James N. (2010).
4799:. Reshafim. Archived from
4288:Klein, Barrett A. (2012).
4128:. McFarland. p. 109.
3051:Chapman, 2013. pp. 745–755
2468:Fossil Orthoptera Ensifera
1595:Phyllochoreia ramakrishnai
1536:lizard, to be aposematic.
1496:Phyllochoreia ramakrishnai
1475:
1224:
1019:
899:
29:
6379:
5490:
5476:
5293:
5279:
5235:
5128:Pfadt, Robert E. (1994).
5027:"Grasshopper Beam Engine"
4834:(1 (Winter 1994)): 109–.
4407:"Dōnghuámén Night Market"
3836:10.1016/j.jcz.2005.04.002
3804:Paragordius tricuspidatus
2100:In mechanical engineering
1861:, grasshoppers, known as
1811:'s gilded grasshopper in
1484:anti-predator adaptations
1366:Paragordius tricuspidatus
1072:mechanism to amplify the
813:differential grasshoppers
630:
610:
603:
583:
576:
556:
549:
529:
522:
502:
495:
475:
468:
450:
439:
254:
249:
150:Scientific classification
148:
137:
128:
41:
6306:Colony collapse disorder
6301:Bees and toxic chemicals
5052:Dickinson, H.W. (1939).
4921:. The Museum of Flight.
4828:Studies in Short Fiction
4578:10.1163/1568517042643756
4183:Hazard, Mary E. (2000).
4069:. The National Gallery.
4043:. The National Gallery.
3492:Pfadt, 1994. pp. 11–16.
2861:Environmental Entomology
2834:Environmental Entomology
2685:Himmelman, John (2011).
2624:10.1163/1568539054729088
2575:Tree of Life web project
2495:Evolution of the Insects
2312:Evolution of the Insects
2241:. Encyclopedia of Life.
2187:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2140:Grasshopper beam engines
2021:Detection of explosives
1691:National Gallery, London
1648:Relationship with humans
1620:, deters predators with
1554:, evades predators with
1478:Anti-predator adaptation
1239:on the move in Australia
1207:incomplete metamorphosis
1111:Grasshopper stridulation
936:differential grasshopper
830:, like this great green
6208:Insect bites and stings
6185:Drosophila melanogaster
6098:Biological pest control
5515:(grasshoppers, locusts)
5430:(leaf-rolling crickets)
4375:Kennedy, Diana (2011).
3852:. CSIRO. Archived from
3808:Spinochordodes tellinii
3718:"Grasshopper nematode:
3716:Capinera, John (2014).
3375:Brangham, A.N. (1960).
3134:"How Grasshoppers Jump"
3109:. NC State University.
3078:. NC State University.
2969:Yong, Ed (8 May 2008).
2525:Journal of Paleontology
2452:10.1186/1810-522X-52-37
2380:9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.
2110:grasshopper beam engine
2010:entomopathogenic fungus
2006:biological pest control
1904:akrídes kaì méli ágrion
1873:Donghuamen Night Market
1817:Guardian Royal Exchange
1534:little striped whiptail
1428:entomopathogenic fungus
1360:Spinochordodes tellinii
1032:open circulatory system
896:Structure of mouthparts
724:Permo-Triassic boundary
6273:Rats, Lice and History
5653:(bladder grasshoppers)
5414:(wetas, king crickets)
5162:Quotations related to
5001:Crowley, T.E. (1982).
4493:. Heyday. p. 54.
4307:10.3390/insects3010001
3980:Journal of Herpetology
3256:Heitler, W.J. (1977).
2975:nationalgeographic.com
2412:10.1006/mpev.1997.0412
2113:
2046:
1951:
1875:. Fried grasshoppers (
1854:
1840:
1813:Lombard Street, London
1771:
1768:Lombard Street, London
1689:, c. 1630, now in the
1665:
1517:Dictyophorus productus
1472:Anti-predator defences
1423:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1395:
1342:
1285:
1240:
1215:Melanoplus sanguinipes
1172:
1159:
1104:
989:
959:
906:Most grasshoppers are
897:
848:
836:Tettigonia viridissima
820:
719:
324:complete metamorphosis
141:Schistocerca americana
138:American grasshopper (
6258:Alfred Russel Wallace
6043:Entomological warfare
5894:Insects in literature
5783:(pygmy mole crickets)
5571:(lubber grasshoppers)
4950:World War II Database
3815:Zoologischer Anzeiger
3547:Schistocerca gregaria
3301:Schistocerca gregaria
3060:Chapman, 2013. p. 163
2747:. Australian Museum.
2466:Zeuner, F.E. (1939).
2293:. Orthoptera.org.uk.
2107:
2044:
1945:
1846:
1834:
1761:
1679:Balthasar van der Ast
1655:
1636:Spotted grasshopper,
1614:Painted grasshopper,
1476:Further information:
1380:
1337:
1280:
1262:Rocky Mountain locust
1234:
1205:Grasshoppers undergo
1165:
1157:
1103:
1020:Further information:
1010:campaniform sensillae
970:
938:eating the leaf of a
933:
900:Further information:
895:
826:
810:
717:
6213:Insect sting allergy
6007:Cicadas in mythology
5674:(gaudy grasshoppers)
5438:(Jerusalem crickets)
5154:at Wikimedia Commons
5029:. Animated Engines.
4978:. Military Factory.
4952:. Lava Development.
4619:(117001) Fact Sheet"
4566:Dead Sea Discoveries
4541:on 24 September 2015
4222:Roche, Paul (2005).
4157:. Princeton Buffer.
4122:Senn, Bryan (2007).
3929:Hogue, C.L. (1993).
3499:2 April 2015 at the
3072:"Circulatory system"
2873:10.1093/ee/26.6.1224
2846:10.1093/ee/26.6.1224
2650:Pfadt, 1994. pp. 1–8
2633:on 20 December 2016.
2217:Smithsonian Magazine
1881:Gunung Kidul Regency
1710:Beginning of the End
1570:Lubber grasshopper,
1448:The fungal pathogen
1347:grasshopper nematode
974:Anacridium aegyptium
950:allows it to digest
739:tropical wet forests
30:For other uses, see
6428:Insect common names
6418:Herbivorous insects
6316:Habitat destruction
6068:Insects in religion
5548:(toad grasshoppers)
4822:Sopher, H. (1994).
4067:"Flowers in a Vase"
3828:2005ZooAn.244...51S
3416:2012PLoSO...749600U
3319:10.1242/jeb.63.1.53
3277:10.1242/jeb.67.1.29
2801:Davidowitz, Goggy.
2537:2005JPal...79..607B
2404:1997MolPE...8...89F
2014:Metarhizium acridum
1879:) are eaten in the
1798:Acropolis of Athens
1548:Gaudy grasshopper,
1451:Metarhizium acridum
1417:Serratia marcescens
1327:, flesh flies, and
1178:Kosciuscola tristis
359:rainbow grasshopper
6423:Insects in culture
6389:Insects portal
6361:Insects and humans
5889:Arthropods in film
5838:Human interactions
5724:Trigonopterygoidea
5349:Prophalangopsidae
4890:The New York Times
4533:Brock, Sebastian.
3891:Entomophaga grylli
3726:Featured Creatures
3227:10.1007/BF00219055
3188:"Energy and Power"
3107:General Entomology
3076:General Entomology
2918:Sinclair, David A.
2439:Zoological Studies
2114:
2068:, later retold by
2047:
1952:
1855:
1850:Inago no Tsukudani
1841:
1772:
1666:
1639:Aularches miliaris
1622:warning coloration
1617:Dactylotum bicolor
1592:Leaf grasshopper,
1573:Titanacris albipes
1551:Atractomorpha lata
1529:Dactylotum bicolor
1441:Entomophaga grylli
1432:Beauveria bassiana
1396:
1343:
1286:
1241:
1173:
1168:Romalea microptera
1160:
1105:
990:
960:
898:
888:Diet and digestion
849:
821:
720:
363:warning coloration
288:Trigonopterygoidea
6395:
6394:
6284:Insect Literature
6241:
6240:
6140:Carmine/Cochineal
6093:Beneficial insect
6063:Insects in ethics
6012:Scarab (artifact)
6002:Bees in mythology
5911:Insects on stamps
5804:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5784:
5771:
5768:Cylindrachetidae
5745:
5744:
5732:Trigonopterygidae
5714:
5675:
5654:
5608:
5572:
5549:
5516:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5460:
5439:
5431:
5423:
5415:
5412:Anostostomatidae
5394:
5391:Schizodactylidae
5383:Schizodactyloidea
5373:
5370:Rhaphidophoridae
5362:Rhaphidophoroidea
5352:
5331:
5318:
5310:
5150:Media related to
5106:978-0-521-11389-2
5085:978-1-4020-6242-1
4946:"L-4 Grasshopper"
4870:978-1-139-49352-9
4500:978-1-59714-219-9
4468:. 2 December 2018
4409:. Lonely Planet.
4388:978-0-292-77389-9
4233:978-0-451-21409-6
4135:978-0-7864-3196-0
3720:Mermis nigrescens
3571:10.1242/jeb.00648
3564:(22): 3991–4002.
3461:Cornops aquaticum
3357:978-0-19-850022-3
3347:Animal Locomotion
3021:978-81-315-0104-7
2999:. 29 August 2012.
2933:978-1-5011-9197-8
2899:978-0-12-384747-8
2783:978-0-7190-2320-0
2698:978-0-674-06102-6
2505:978-0-521-82149-0
2327:978-0-521-82149-0
2072:, is the tale of
1776:Greek Archaic Era
1702:Flowers in a Vase
1662:Flowers in a Vase
1351:Mermis nigrescens
1282:Cottontop tamarin
1191:Cornops aquaticum
1120:
861:larger than males
711:
710:
702:
701:
693:
692:
684:
683:
675:
674:
666:
665:
657:
656:
648:
647:
304:belonging to the
295:
294:
245:
16:(Redirected from
6435:
6387:
6386:
6263:Jean-Henri Fabre
6038:Cricket fighting
6033:Cockroach racing
5899:Insects in music
5860:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5808:
5782:
5769:
5756:
5712:
5673:
5652:
5606:
5570:
5547:
5514:
5501:
5492:
5478:
5458:
5437:
5436:Stenopelmatidae
5429:
5421:
5413:
5404:Stenopelmatoidea
5392:
5371:
5350:
5329:
5328:Myrmecophilidae
5316:
5308:
5295:
5281:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5197:
5185:
5174:Data related to
5173:
5161:
5149:
5135:
5124:
5110:
5089:
5060:
5059:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5023:
5017:
5016:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4944:Chen, C. Peter.
4941:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4915:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4775:eandt.theiet.org
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4676:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4630:
4623:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4530:
4524:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4319:
4309:
4285:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4255:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4219:
4208:
4207:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3776:
3774:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3668:
3665:
3656:
3654:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3573:
3553:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3509:
3503:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3467:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3262:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3025:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2977:. Archived from
2966:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2945:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2867:(6): 1224–1231.
2856:
2850:
2849:
2840:(6): 1224–1231.
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2626:. Archived from
2609:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2331:
2315:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2210:(6 March 2013).
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2179:
2163:
2160:
2080:Somerset Maugham
1900:John the Baptist
1802:apotropaic magic
1675:Dutch Golden Age
1669:In art and media
1633:
1611:
1589:
1567:
1545:
1211:repeatedly moult
1122:
1121:
1102:
1074:mechanical power
1040:metabolic wastes
819:of the hind legs
780:in front of the
639:
619:
606:
592:
579:
565:
552:
538:
525:
511:
498:
484:
471:
456:
442:
432:
243:
158:
157:
133:
123:
60:
45:Temporal range:
39:
21:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6381:
6375:
6353:
6347:
6289:
6237:
6199:
6192:
6084:
6077:
6016:
5988:
5946:
5915:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5835:
5805:
5788:
5741:
5718:
5697:
5679:
5672:Pyrgomorphidae
5664:Pyrgomorphoidea
5658:
5637:
5581:
5486:
5464:
5443:
5428:Gryllacrididae
5398:
5377:
5356:
5335:
5317:(mole crickets)
5315:Gryllotalpidae
5289:
5275:
5231:
5224:
5142:
5127:
5113:
5107:
5092:
5086:
5071:
5068:
5063:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5013:
5003:The Beam Engine
5000:
4999:
4995:
4985:
4983:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4928:
4926:
4917:
4916:
4909:
4899:
4897:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4806:
4804:
4803:on 1 April 2015
4794:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4753:
4751:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4693:
4691:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4617:Nosema Locustae
4613:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4596:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4516:
4512:
4501:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4445:
4443:
4442:on 6 March 2016
4434:
4433:
4429:
4416:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4389:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4287:
4286:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4241:
4234:
4221:
4220:
4211:
4197:
4182:
4181:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4136:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4102:
4100:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4012:
4011:
4007:
3992:10.2307/1564093
3977:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3919:Cott, pp. 25–26
3918:
3914:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3869:
3859:
3857:
3856:on 2 April 2015
3848:
3847:
3843:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3777:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3732:on 2 April 2015
3715:
3714:
3710:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3671:
3666:
3659:
3651:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3501:Wayback Machine
3491:
3484:
3476:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3358:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3026:
3022:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2981:on 21 May 2021.
2968:
2967:
2963:
2946:
2934:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2900:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2784:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2699:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2638:
2630:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2506:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2375:
2371:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2332:
2328:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2102:
2093:The Grasshopper
2039:
2023:
1962:Nosema locustae
1940:
1829:
1756:
1748:media franchise
1671:
1650:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1612:
1603:
1590:
1581:
1568:
1559:
1546:
1480:
1474:
1465:Nosema locustae
1414:. The bacteria
1302:blister beetles
1275:
1229:
1223:
1152:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1057:
1028:
1018:
965:
948:digestive tract
927:when swarming.
904:
890:
885:
758:
756:Characteristics
712:
703:
694:
685:
676:
667:
658:
649:
613:Pyrgomorphoidea
386:
300:are a group of
278:Pyrgomorphoidea
242:
152:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
55:
54:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6441:
6439:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6400:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6357:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6280:Lafcadio Hearn
6277:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6253:Jan Swammerdam
6249:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6204:
6202:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6188:
6179:Model organism
6176:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6100:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6053:Insect farming
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5967:
5956:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5937:Artificial fly
5934:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5877:
5870:Insects in art
5866:
5864:
5857:
5846:
5845:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5811:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5781:Tridactylidae
5778:
5776:Ripipterygidae
5773:
5764:
5762:
5760:Tridactyloidea
5753:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5728:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5707:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5668:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5647:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5613:Euschmidtiidae
5610:
5602:
5597:
5591:
5589:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5566:
5561:
5551:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5521:Dericorythidae
5518:
5509:
5507:
5498:
5488:
5487:
5481:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:Tettigoniidae
5453:
5451:
5449:Tettigonioidea
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5433:
5425:
5417:
5408:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5387:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5366:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5345:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5330:(ant crickets)
5325:
5320:
5312:
5303:
5301:
5291:
5290:
5284:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5267:
5261:
5255:
5249:
5243:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5179:
5178:at Wikispecies
5167:
5155:
5141:
5140:External links
5138:
5137:
5136:
5125:
5111:
5105:
5090:
5084:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5044:
5018:
5011:
4993:
4967:
4936:
4907:
4876:
4869:
4849:
4814:
4787:
4761:
4736:
4701:
4668:
4642:
4606:
4594:
4572:(3): 293–314.
4552:
4525:
4510:
4499:
4479:
4453:
4427:
4398:
4387:
4367:
4331:
4277:
4250:
4239:
4232:
4209:
4195:
4172:
4145:
4134:
4114:
4084:
4058:
4032:
4005:
3986:(3): 347–349.
3970:
3961:
3952:
3946:978-0520078499
3945:
3921:
3912:
3901:(3): 454–458.
3881:
3867:
3841:
3792:
3765:(3): 356–361.
3743:
3708:
3697:(3): 397–409.
3681:
3669:
3657:
3649:
3631:
3614:New York Times
3600:
3535:
3504:
3482:
3449:
3410:(11): e49600.
3390:
3367:
3356:
3336:
3289:
3248:
3221:(3): 289–305.
3205:
3178:
3151:
3124:
3093:
3062:
3053:
3041:
3020:
3002:
2984:
2961:
2932:
2909:
2898:
2878:
2851:
2820:
2803:"Grasshoppers"
2793:
2782:
2762:
2733:
2708:
2697:
2677:
2652:
2636:
2618:(6): 761–778.
2592:
2558:
2531:(3): 607–610.
2515:
2504:
2481:
2458:
2425:
2382:
2369:
2347:
2326:
2300:
2282:
2256:
2230:
2199:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2134:Innis P. Swift
2126:reconnaissance
2101:
2098:
2066:Aesop's Fables
2038:
2035:
2022:
2019:
1939:
1936:
1926:means plainly
1828:
1825:
1809:Thomas Gresham
1764:Thomas Gresham
1755:
1752:
1725:animated film
1717:. In the 1998
1700:'s still life
1685:oil painting,
1670:
1667:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1547:
1540:
1473:
1470:
1460:microsporidian
1329:tachinid flies
1298:ground beetles
1274:
1271:
1237:plague locusts
1225:Main article:
1222:
1219:
1151:
1148:
1130:
1124:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1056:
1053:
1017:
1014:
977:) showing the
964:
963:Sensory organs
961:
889:
886:
884:
881:
865:chisel-bearing
853:tympanal organ
843:and different
757:
754:
732:early Jurassic
709:
708:
705:
704:
700:
699:
696:
695:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
681:
678:
677:
673:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
660:
659:
655:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
642:
641:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
609:
604:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
582:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
555:
550:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
528:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
501:
496:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
478:Tridactyloidea
474:
469:
467:
463:
462:
459:
458:
449:
440:
438:
430:
385:
382:
374:Biblical times
320:hemimetabolous
313:early Triassic
293:
292:
291:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
252:
251:
250:Superfamilies
247:
246:
237:
234:Informal group
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
146:
145:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
61:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6440:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6390:
6385:
6378:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6350:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:Neonicotinoid
6334:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6195:
6187:
6186:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6080:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6021:Other aspects
6019:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5882:
5881:Musca depicta
5878:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5832:
5827:
5825:
5820:
5818:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5770:(sandgropers)
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5751:Tridactylidea
5748:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5715:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5685:Tanaoceroidea
5682:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Mastacideidae
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5605:Eumastacidae
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5587:Eumastacoidea
5584:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5564:Pyrgacrididae
5562:
5559:
5555:
5554:Pamphagodidae
5552:
5550:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5475:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5418:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5323:Mogoplistidae
5321:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5229:
5221:
5216:
5214:
5209:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5192:at Wiktionary
5191:
5190:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5057:
5056:
5048:
5045:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5014:
5012:0-906831-02-4
5008:
5004:
4997:
4994:
4981:
4977:
4971:
4968:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4940:
4937:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4853:
4850:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4815:
4802:
4798:
4791:
4788:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4762:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4705:
4702:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4656:
4653:. Plantwise.
4652:
4646:
4643:
4627:
4620:
4618:
4610:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4553:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4511:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4483:
4480:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4371:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4196:0-8032-2397-8
4192:
4188:
4187:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3925:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3796:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3747:
3744:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3712:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3650:0-7382-0894-9
3646:
3642:
3635:
3632:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3550:
3548:
3539:
3536:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3340:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3166:
3162:
3161:"Performance"
3155:
3152:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3125:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3094:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3023:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2821:
2809:on 7 May 2015
2808:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2763:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2688:Cricket Radio
2681:
2678:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2398:(1): 89–103.
2397:
2393:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2208:Nuwer, Rachel
2203:
2200:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2159:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:'s 1969 film
2089:
2085:
2084:Anton Chekhov
2081:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2037:In literature
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:neem products
1964:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:food such as
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:walang goreng
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1698:Rachel Ruysch
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1658:Rachel Ruysch
1654:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1602:a green leaf.
1601:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1523:Cercopithecus
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:sphecid wasps
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:desert locust
1263:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1112:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:compound eyes
988:
985:and numerous
984:
980:
979:compound eyes
976:
975:
969:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
928:
926:
925:cannibalistic
922:
917:
913:
909:
903:
894:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
846:
842:
838:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
814:
809:
805:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:compound eyes
767:
763:
755:
753:
751:
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
716:
707:
706:
698:
697:
689:
688:
680:
679:
671:
670:
662:
661:
653:
652:
644:
643:
640:
638:
634:
628:
627:
624:
623:
620:
618:
614:
608:
607:
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
591:
587:
581:
580:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
564:
560:
559:Proscopioidea
554:
553:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
537:
533:
532:Eumastacoidea
527:
526:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
510:
506:
500:
499:
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
483:
479:
473:
472:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
455:
447:
444:
443:
437:
434:
433:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:ribosomal RNA
407:
403:
399:
398:bush-crickets
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
289:
286:
284:
283:Tanaoceroidea
281:
279:
276:
274:
273:Proscopioidea
271:
269:
266:
264:
263:Eumastacoidea
261:
259:
256:
255:
253:
248:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
156:
151:
147:
143:
142:
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
52:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6366:Insecticides
6283:
6271:
6268:Hans Zinsser
6233:Clothes moth
6183:
5994:In mythology
5927:Fishing bait
5879:
5693:Tanaoceridae
5651:Pneumoridae
5643:Pneumoroidea
5633:Thericleidae
5628:Proscopiidae
5595:Chorotypidae
5546:Pamphagidae
5541:Ommexechidae
5526:Lathiceridae
5420:Cooloolidae
5271:Orthopterida
5269:Superorder:
5263:Infraclass:
5188:
5166:at Wikiquote
5164:Grasshoppers
5130:
5119:
5095:
5074:
5054:
5047:
5035:. Retrieved
5021:
5002:
4996:
4984:. Retrieved
4970:
4958:. Retrieved
4949:
4939:
4927:. Retrieved
4898:. Retrieved
4889:
4879:
4859:
4852:
4840:. Retrieved
4831:
4827:
4817:
4805:. Retrieved
4801:the original
4790:
4778:. Retrieved
4774:
4764:
4752:. Retrieved
4748:
4739:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4692:. Retrieved
4683:
4659:. Retrieved
4645:
4633:. Retrieved
4616:
4609:
4589:
4569:
4565:
4555:
4543:. Retrieved
4539:the original
4528:
4513:
4489:
4482:
4470:. Retrieved
4465:
4456:
4444:. Retrieved
4440:the original
4430:
4422:
4415:. Retrieved
4401:
4377:
4370:
4349:
4345:
4334:
4297:
4293:
4268:. Retrieved
4253:
4242:
4223:
4204:
4185:
4163:. Retrieved
4148:
4124:
4117:
4108:
4101:. Retrieved
4087:
4075:. Retrieved
4061:
4049:. Retrieved
4035:
4018:
4014:
4008:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3968:Cott, p. 291
3964:
3959:Cott, p. 378
3955:
3931:
3924:
3915:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3858:. Retrieved
3854:the original
3844:
3822:(1): 51–57.
3819:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3781:cite journal
3762:
3756:
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3730:the original
3725:
3719:
3711:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3640:
3634:
3622:. Retrieved
3613:
3603:
3561:
3555:
3546:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3517:
3507:
3469:
3460:
3452:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3346:
3339:
3313:(1): 53–83.
3310:
3306:
3300:
3292:
3268:
3264:
3251:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3154:
3142:. Retrieved
3127:
3115:. Retrieved
3106:
3096:
3084:. Retrieved
3075:
3065:
3056:
3011:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2979:the original
2974:
2964:
2922:
2912:
2888:
2881:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2811:. Retrieved
2807:the original
2796:
2772:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2724:. Retrieved
2720:
2711:
2687:
2680:
2668:. Retrieved
2664:
2655:
2628:the original
2615:
2611:
2583:. Retrieved
2574:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2494:
2467:
2461:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2360:www.itis.gov
2359:
2350:
2311:
2303:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2267:. BugGuide.
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2215:
2202:
2192:29 September
2190:. Retrieved
2186:
2177:
2158:
2144:beam engines
2138:
2130:World War II
2115:
2091:
2073:
2063:
2050:
2048:
2024:
2012:
1982:
1975:
1971:Insecticides
1960:
1957:
1953:
1932:
1928:grasshoppers
1927:
1923:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1876:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1821:
1806:
1794:Peisistratus
1779:
1773:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1728:A Bug's Life
1726:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1686:
1672:
1661:
1660:'s painting
1637:
1615:
1593:
1578:deimatically
1571:
1549:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1494:
1492:
1481:
1463:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1415:
1397:
1385:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1318:
1306:robber flies
1287:
1250:
1242:
1235:Millions of
1214:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1144:stridulating
1141:
1093:Stridulation
1078:
1062:
1058:
1029:
991:
972:
940:climbing pea
905:
877:
873:
869:
864:
850:
834:
832:bush-cricket
801:stridulatory
786:
759:
743:
736:
721:
631:
611:
586:Pneumoroidea
584:
557:
530:
503:
476:
451:
426:monophyletic
421:
387:
371:
340:
317:
298:Grasshoppers
297:
296:
268:Pneumoroidea
240:Acridomorpha
239:
233:
223:Infraorder:
139:
42:Grasshoppers
36:
18:Grasshoppers
6352:Categories,
6331:Insecticide
6162:Sericulture
6133:Royal jelly
6058:Flea circus
6048:Entomophagy
5982:Cantharidin
5977:Spanish fly
5952:In medicine
5932:Fly fishing
5863:In the arts
5737:Xyronotidae
5711:Tetrigidae
5703:Tetrigoidea
5600:Episactidae
5577:Tristiridae
5569:Romaleidae
5558:Charilaidae
5536:Lithidiidae
5189:grasshopper
5037:11 December
4986:11 December
4960:11 December
4929:11 December
4780:20 February
4754:20 February
4749:www.msn.com
4717:: 667–702.
4661:16 December
4522:Matthew 3:4
4472:27 November
4352:: 337–352.
4300:(1): 1–17.
2118:Aeronca L-3
2088:Jerry Paris
2070:La Fontaine
2055:Ramesses II
1839:, Indonesia
1743:Kamen Rider
1488:camouflaged
1387:Metarhizium
1321:parasitoids
908:polyphagous
845:ovipositors
505:Tetrigoidea
420:(crickets,
367:parasitoids
244:Dirsh, 1966
56:250–0
6402:Categories
6371:Pesticides
6108:Bee pollen
6103:Beekeeping
6085:entomology
6028:Biomimicry
5960:Apitherapy
5920:In fishing
5875:Beetlewing
5856:in culture
5531:Lentulidae
5513:Acrididae
5505:Acridoidea
5309:(crickets)
5307:Gryllidae
5299:Grylloidea
5257:Subclass:
5247:Arthropoda
5228:Orthoptera
5115:Cott, Hugh
2942:1088652276
2170:References
2008:using the
1916:vegetarian
1885:Yogyakarta
1864:chapulines
1837:Yogyakarta
1683:still life
1556:camouflage
1512:aposematic
1456:epizootics
1372:life cycle
1325:blow flies
1323:including
1253:pheromones
1186:ovipositor
1150:Life cycle
1135:media help
1036:haemolymph
958:of plants.
956:cell walls
912:omnivorous
750:Romaleidae
746:Acridoidea
728:Cretaceous
633:Acridoidea
466:Caelifera
436:Orthoptera
378:acridology
351:camouflage
258:Acridoidea
213:Suborder:
207:Orthoptera
187:Arthropoda
6408:Caelifera
6354:templates
6326:Pesticide
5942:Fly tying
5623:Morabidae
5556:(synonym
5496:Acrididea
5484:Caelifera
5482:Suborder
5341:Hagloidea
5285:Suborder
5259:Pterygota
5239:Kingdom:
5176:Caelifera
5152:Caelifera
4797:"Insects"
4680:"Control"
4358:1370-6233
4021:: 65–69.
3703:1522-0613
3271:: 29–36.
3030:cite book
2950:cite book
2721:ThoughtCo
2665:ThoughtCo
2612:Behaviour
2553:131591210
2336:cite book
2122:Piper L-4
2086:, and in
1869:tortillas
1754:Symbolism
1737:tokusatsu
1294:bee-flies
1290:predators
1246:serotonin
1049:spiracles
952:cellulose
944:Cellulase
921:cellulase
414:cladogram
406:phylogeny
394:Acrididea
384:Phylogeny
347:predators
309:Caelifera
227:Acrididea
217:Caelifera
173:Kingdom:
167:Eukaryota
6294:Concerns
6246:Pioneers
6223:Woodworm
6128:Propolis
6083:Economic
5970:Melittin
5965:Apitoxin
5287:Ensifera
5265:Neoptera
5245:Phylum:
5241:Animalia
5230:families
5117:(1940).
5031:Archived
4980:Archived
4954:Archived
4923:Archived
4894:Archived
4842:30 March
4836:Archived
4807:30 March
4731:11112183
4688:Archived
4655:Archived
4635:6 August
4626:Archived
4518:Mark 1:6
4505:Archived
4466:BBC News
4446:30 March
4411:Archived
4393:Archived
4362:Archived
4326:26467945
4270:31 March
4264:Archived
4201:Archived
4165:30 March
4159:Archived
4140:Archived
4103:31 March
4097:Archived
4077:31 March
4071:Archived
4051:31 March
4045:Archived
3907:25085205
3736:28 March
3624:31 March
3618:Archived
3592:Archived
3588:10665260
3580:14555739
3528:31 March
3522:Archived
3518:BBC News
3497:Archived
3494:Diagrams
3474:Archived
3444:23166725
3404:PLOS ONE
3387:: 66–68.
3362:Archived
3331:Archived
3281:Archived
3243:21759140
3192:Archived
3171:13 April
3165:Archived
3138:Archived
3117:12 April
3111:Archived
3086:12 April
3080:Archived
2997:phys.org
2923:Lifespan
2920:(2019).
2904:Archived
2788:Archived
2749:Archived
2726:6 August
2703:Archived
2670:6 August
2579:Archived
2510:Archived
2364:Archived
2295:Archived
2275:4 August
2269:Archived
2249:4 August
2243:Archived
2059:Hittites
1991:and the
1938:As pests
1677:painter
1505:deimatic
1437:pathogen
1412:protozoa
1400:bacteria
1355:hemocoel
1221:Swarming
1196:diapause
1087:catapult
1070:catapult
1045:tracheae
841:antennae
828:Ensifera
774:antennae
446:Ensifera
418:Ensifera
402:antennae
390:families
306:suborder
183:Phylum:
177:Animalia
163:Domain:
51:Holocene
6218:Bed bug
6200:insects
6198:Harmful
6174:Shellac
6118:Beeswax
6073:Jingzhe
5853:insects
5849:Aspects
5842:insects
5351:(grigs)
5253:Insecta
5251:Class:
5226:Extant
5066:Sources
4900:1 April
4694:2 April
4586:4193332
4317:4553613
4294:Insects
4000:1564093
3860:1 April
3824:Bibcode
3435:3498212
3412:Bibcode
3327:1159370
3235:7707268
3144:3 April
2755:6 April
2585:3 April
2533:Bibcode
2476:1514958
2420:9242597
2400:Bibcode
2064:One of
1997:cholera
1985:famines
1924:ἀκρίδες
1912:locusts
1908:ascetic
1827:As food
1740:series
1715:Chicago
1462:fungus
1404:viruses
1382:Locusts
1314:spiders
1209:: they
1082:pennate
1055:Jumping
981:, tiny
954:in the
946:in its
942:plant.
916:cereals
883:Biology
797:tegmina
789:cuticle
766:abdomen
355:startle
336:locusts
302:insects
203:Order:
197:Insecta
193:Class:
6157:Kermes
6152:Chitin
6145:Polish
5103:
5082:
5009:
4867:
4729:
4584:
4497:
4385:
4356:
4324:
4314:
4230:
4193:
4132:
3998:
3943:
3905:
3701:
3647:
3586:
3578:
3442:
3432:
3354:
3325:
3241:
3233:
3018:
2940:
2930:
2896:
2780:
2695:
2551:
2502:
2474:
2445:: 37.
2418:
2324:
2112:, 1847
1989:Qur’an
1893:Ohlone
1859:Mexico
1790:Attica
1786:Athens
1770:, 1563
1719:Disney
1600:mimics
1576:, has
1501:mimics
1394:, 2005
1227:Locust
1200:instar
1066:muscle
1024:, and
998:ocelli
983:ocelli
793:chitin
764:, and
762:thorax
416:. The
404:. The
332:moults
47:Induan
6123:Honey
5840:with
4629:(PDF)
4622:(PDF)
4582:JSTOR
4545:4 May
4417:5 May
3996:JSTOR
3903:JSTOR
3595:(PDF)
3584:S2CID
3552:(PDF)
3477:(PDF)
3466:(PDF)
3284:(PDF)
3261:(PDF)
3239:S2CID
3198:5 May
2813:4 May
2631:(PDF)
2608:(PDF)
2549:S2CID
2223:6 May
2150:Notes
2142:were
1993:Bible
1948:maize
1920:carob
1781:polis
1723:Pixar
1408:fungi
1392:CSIRO
1340:mites
1312:, by
1006:palps
1002:setae
987:setae
857:cerci
817:tibia
778:palps
361:have
343:pests
328:nymph
6167:Silk
5101:ISBN
5080:ISBN
5039:2016
5007:ISBN
4988:2016
4962:2016
4931:2016
4902:2015
4865:ISBN
4844:2015
4809:2015
4782:2020
4756:2020
4727:PMID
4696:2015
4663:2015
4637:2016
4547:2015
4495:ISBN
4474:2021
4448:2015
4419:2015
4383:ISBN
4354:ISSN
4322:PMID
4272:2015
4228:ISBN
4191:ISBN
4167:2015
4130:ISBN
4105:2015
4079:2015
4053:2015
3941:ISBN
3862:2015
3806:and
3787:link
3738:2015
3699:ISSN
3655:ffol
3645:ISBN
3626:2015
3576:PMID
3530:2015
3440:PMID
3352:ISBN
3323:PMID
3231:PMID
3200:2015
3173:2015
3146:2015
3119:2015
3088:2015
3036:link
3016:ISBN
2956:link
2938:OCLC
2928:ISBN
2894:ISBN
2815:2015
2778:ISBN
2757:2015
2728:2024
2693:ISBN
2672:2024
2587:2015
2500:ISBN
2472:OCLC
2416:PMID
2342:link
2322:ISBN
2277:2017
2251:2017
2225:2021
2194:2021
2120:and
2051:snḥm
1978:rice
1950:leaf
1889:Java
1762:Sir
1420:and
1410:and
1363:and
1345:The
1308:and
1300:and
811:Two
782:jaws
422:etc.
64:PreꞒ
5851:of
4719:doi
4574:doi
4312:PMC
4302:doi
4023:doi
3988:doi
3937:167
3832:doi
3820:244
3767:doi
3566:doi
3562:206
3430:PMC
3420:doi
3315:doi
3273:doi
3223:doi
3219:176
2869:doi
2842:doi
2620:doi
2616:142
2541:doi
2447:doi
2408:doi
2318:210
2001:FAO
1800:as
1784:of
1681:'s
349:by
6404::
4948:.
4910:^
4892:.
4888:.
4832:31
4830:.
4826:.
4773:.
4747:.
4725:.
4715:46
4713:.
4682:.
4671:^
4597:^
4588:.
4580:.
4570:11
4568:.
4564:.
4520:;
4503:.
4464:.
4421:.
4391:.
4360:.
4350:20
4348:.
4344:.
4320:.
4310:.
4296:.
4292:.
4280:^
4212:^
4199:.
4175:^
4138:.
4107:.
4019:75
4017:.
3994:.
3984:18
3982:.
3939:.
3899:63
3897:.
3870:^
3830:.
3818:.
3812:.
3783:}}
3779:{{
3763:15
3761:.
3755:.
3724:.
3693:.
3672:^
3660:^
3616:.
3612:.
3590:.
3582:.
3574:.
3560:.
3554:.
3520:.
3516:.
3485:^
3468:.
3438:.
3428:.
3418:.
3406:.
3402:.
3385:19
3383:.
3379:.
3360:.
3329:.
3321:.
3311:63
3309:.
3305:.
3279:.
3269:67
3267:.
3263:.
3237:.
3229:.
3217:.
3105:.
3074:.
3044:^
3032:}}
3028:{{
2995:.
2973:.
2952:}}
2948:{{
2936:.
2902:.
2865:26
2863:.
2838:26
2836:.
2832:.
2786:.
2736:^
2719:.
2701:.
2663:.
2639:^
2614:.
2610:.
2595:^
2577:.
2573:.
2561:^
2547:.
2539:.
2529:79
2527:.
2508:.
2484:^
2443:52
2441:.
2437:.
2414:.
2406:.
2394:.
2362:.
2358:.
2338:}}
2334:{{
2320:.
2214:.
2185:.
2108:A
2096:.
1930:.
1887:,
1883:,
1804:.
1598:,
1406:,
1402:,
1296:,
934:A
784:.
428:.
380:.
338:.
236::
144:)
114:Pg
58:Ma
53:,
6286:)
6282:(
6276:)
6270:(
5830:e
5823:t
5816:v
5560:)
5219:e
5212:t
5205:v
5109:.
5088:.
5041:.
5015:.
4990:.
4964:.
4933:.
4904:.
4873:.
4846:.
4811:.
4784:.
4758:.
4733:.
4721::
4698:.
4665:.
4639:.
4615:"
4576::
4549:.
4476:.
4450:.
4328:.
4304::
4298:3
4274:.
4236:.
4169:.
4081:.
4055:.
4029:.
4025::
4002:.
3990::
3949:.
3909:.
3864:.
3838:.
3834::
3826::
3789:)
3775:.
3769::
3740:.
3722:"
3705:.
3695:5
3653:.
3628:.
3568::
3549:"
3532:.
3446:.
3422::
3414::
3408:7
3317::
3303:"
3275::
3245:.
3225::
3202:.
3175:.
3148:.
3121:.
3090:.
3038:)
3024:.
2958:)
2944:.
2875:.
2871::
2848:.
2844::
2817:.
2759:.
2730:.
2674:.
2622::
2589:.
2555:.
2543::
2535::
2478:.
2455:.
2449::
2422:.
2410::
2402::
2396:8
2344:)
2330:.
2279:.
2253:.
2227:.
2196:.
1853:)
1721:/
1624:.
1558:.
1349:(
1137:.
847:.
119:N
109:K
104:J
99:T
94:P
89:C
84:D
79:S
74:O
69:Ꞓ
49:–
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
