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while playing with the hand pads. However, the range of notes is not the same on both sides of the bridge. The left side is shifted more to the bass register starting with a cluster of the four lowest notes together. The right side is skewed more to the treble, ending with a cluster of the three highest notes. This is reflected in the way the holes for the strings are drilled in the neck, and the length and weight of strings used, which results in an asymmetric layout of tones where most of the strings directly opposite each other in the middle section of the bridge are tuned in octaves. This is a popular kora tuning.
540:
368:
313:, an already westernized African instrument. The range of notes on both sides are the same and tuning is strictly in an alternate arrangement (except for the lowest bass note), so that the playing is equivalent between the left and right hands. This is reflected in the way the holes are drilled in the neck and the choice of string lengths and weights. A constant finger picking pattern will produce a constant musical pattern throughout the instrument's range.
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187:. There are two handles located in elevation near the middle of the bridge. The bridge is curved to follow the arc of a strum from the hands which hold the shortened raised handles directly in the palms. A metal crossbar at the top of the bridge functions as a mechanical tone control and bridge stabilizer. The instrument connects to an amplifier like an electric guitar.
527:, and people who cannot read music can play standard music scores. Because of its double structure and symmetric tuning system, all the notes on one side of the bridge correspond to the lines of the musical staff and all the notes on the other side correspond to the spaces. So, whatever key the music is written in, determine where the
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aka
Christian Scott. It is a 20 stringed instrument with a taller variation of the Gravi-kora's bridge resulting in wider inter-string spacing, with redesigned raised handles shorter than on the Gravi-kora, more like the Gravikord, allowing mid-string hand positioning, and holding the instrument in a
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Throughout the playing range the notes of a scale rise strictly alternately and symmetrically, making all the intervals of adjacent strings on each side of the bridge in thirds. Directly opposite strings are consecutive notes in a scale. Octaves switch sides and are always in a constant spacing. Like
383:
The Gravi-kora is set up tonally just like traditional koras. It has 21 strings, 11 on the left hand side, and 10 on the right. The instrument is held by hooking the little fingers around the handles, which are positioned below the straight sided bridge. The hand placement enables easy string muting
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is, and let this be the position of the instrument's root note. If it is on a line, the other strings on that side of the bridge will correspond to the other staff lines, and all the notes on the opposite side of the bridge will correspond to the spaces. If the written musical root lies in a space
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On these instruments, both hands can play freely across the entire tonal range of the instrument, rather than one hand being primarily in the bass and the other in the treble. Also, the fingers of each hand can play independent rhythmic patterns, which can easily cross over from treble to bass and
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Music for Gravi-kora can also be written in the grand staff, but Gravi-kora scores can also be written on a single G clef, following the Keur Moussa system. This system was created for the kora by
Brother Dominique Catta of the Keur Moussa Monastery in Senegal. The seven low notes that should be
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basket resonator with an animal skin head and a large bamboo neck. These first
Gravikords already differed from the kora by having the tuning mechanisms removed from the neck and placed at the base, and an extensively re-designed bridge which also incorporated a kalimba that could be played
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natural manner. In addition it has a third small handle welded across the lower neck as a hand rest for playing one rank of strings with both hands. Since the taller bridge is less stable it also incorporates a back stay from the top of the bridge to the tuner block.
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The playing technique is similar to that of the kora: the player plucks the strings with the thumb and index finger of each hand. Because each hand can play "with" or "against" each other, simple techniques can produce music of great rhythmic complexity. However, the
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Robert Grawi has recorded several CDs, as a solo player and with the
Gravikord Duo and the Gravikord Ensemble. The Gravikord Duo consists of Grawi on Gravikord and percussion, and Pip Klein on flute; the Gravikord Ensemble adds David Dachinger on bassoon.
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of Canada has recorded an improvisation for
Gravikord & theremin, and Ziko Hart of Australia has recorded original solo music on the Gravikord. In 2024 a new album featuring the Gravikord on many cuts, was released - "New Modern Strings" – by
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can be used to make the instrument fully chromatic. This can be set to momentarily jump shift the entire instrument's tuning one-half step up or down, or it can be set on continuous pitch shift change which enables playing the instrument in
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and traditional kora players does not directly transfer to
Gravikord playing. The notes are not where they expect them to be and the bridge and hand playing positions are also different. Grawi developed the Gravi-kora for these musicians.
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can be created by sharping individual notes. This is accomplished by pushing and tensioning the section of the string behind the bridge with one finger while playing the string normally. This is similar to a technique used in
Japanese
228:. This can all be done within the same tight tonal range, without the left and right hand fingers ever physically encountering each other. These simple rhythms will produce complex cross-rhythms including repeating on beat/
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pattern shifts that would be very difficult to create by any other means. This characteristically
African structure allows simple playing techniques to combine, producing polyrhythmic music of great beauty and complexity.
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written on the F clef are replaced by Arabic or Roman numerals and written on the G clef. More than 200 scores already written for kora solo or kora and
Western instruments can therefore be played on the Gravi-kora.
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Because of the deep cultural significance of cross-rhythms to sub-Saharan
African music, several instruments from there have been designed to more easily generate cross-rhythms. Instruments such as the kora,
297:; the tones of the twenty-four strings are amplified by a piezo-electric pickup in the bridge, and the instrument is made for natural and comfortable playing in a sitting or standing position.
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wrote "The show stoppers include a Gravikord, an electronically amplified stringed instrument that sounds like an earthy harp. In their shapes and sounds, Mr. Moore (
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Robert Grawi (right), with Ken Moore (left), Curator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art show "Enduring Rhythms" (New York City, October 3, 1996 – August 3, 1997)
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The Gravikord is based on the West African kora. It is made of welded stainless steel tubing, with 24 nylon strings but no resonating gourd or skin. The
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586:, African kalimba (thumb piano) and the African kora... began experimenting with bamboo double-strung harps that would allow him to perform separate
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included the Gravikord in the show "Enduring Rhythms" (New York City, October 3, 1996 – August 3, 1997). In an article about this exhibition in
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simultaneously with the strings. Their tuning also differed, as they had 25 strings that were tuned symmetrically using a variation of the
579:, modern-sculpture look, it actually has its roots in the African kora, a double strung harp... polyrhythmic music, plus the sound of the
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309:. Its standard scale is in the key of G major/E minor. It has 24 strings, 12 on each side, and is structured like an extended
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637:.'" In March 2018, the Gravikord became a permanent exhibit in the museum's Andre Mertens Galleries for Musical Instruments.
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Since the Gravikord and the Gravi-kora produce no conflicting acoustic sound, they can be played with guitar effects such as
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253:, and he refined the Gravikord's design over several years to meet this goal. The first prototype, made in 1974, was
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648:, a collection of recordings of experimental musical instruments, in a list of the finest 500 albums of all time.
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is a similar instrument, also developed by Grawi, which is tuned identically to a traditional 21 string kora.
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of the show) said, these instruments also represent a kind of continuity in 'the layered rhythms, the mixed
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159:. It was designed to employ a separated double tonal array structure making it possible to easily play
814:. Other articles describing or referencing the Gravikord have appeared in the following publications:
286:, and finally patented the Gravikord in 1984. In the finished Gravikord, the body is made entirely of
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This is a new model of the Gravikord which Bob Grawi designed in collaboration with jazz musician
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Grawi originally desired an instrument on which he could play polyrhythms more easily than on the
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of the Gravikord is not the same as a kora, and playing techniques are not directly compatible.
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then the opposite is true. The player can then read the music as if it were written in a
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606:." This article also included a technical description of the instrument as well as a
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kalimba tuning system. Grawi made several unique prototypes during this period using
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published an article on the Gravikord, saying that "even though the Gravikord has a
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organize the notes in a uniquely divided alternate array, rather than the linear
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Bob Grawi and Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah with Gravikord model "Chief Adjuah's Bow"
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Although the Gravikord is closely related to the kora, the musical knowledge of
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the kora, the player tunes the instrument to the desired scale before playing.
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Right: Do2, Mi2, Sol2, Ti2, Re3, Fa3, La3, Do4, Mi4, Sol4, Ti4, Re5.
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invented by Robert Grawi in 1984, which is closely related to both the
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Left: Sol1, Fa2, La2, Do3, Mi3, Sol3, Ti3, Re4, Fa4, La4, Do5, Mi5.
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Left: Fa1, Do2, Re2, Mi2, Sol2, Ti2, Re3, Fa3, La3, Do4, Mi4.
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featured an early version of the Gravi-kora in recordings with
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Enduring Rhythms: African Musical Instruments in the Americas
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963:, Bart Hopkin, CD/Book, Ellipsis Arts, 1996, pp. 82-83 (see:
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Right: Fa2, La2, Do3, Mi3, Sol3, Ti3, Re4, Fa4, Sol4, La4.
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is made from a machined synthetic material with an integral
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musical style in a modern electro-acoustic instrument. The
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Video (Gravi-kora improvisation by Jacques Burtin, 2010)
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Right: G, B, D, F#, A, (middle)C, E, G, B, D, F#, A.
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
461:Although both instruments are normally tuned to a
224:back, either smoothly or with varying amounts of
735:– Bob Grawi and Multiple Artists (Ellipsis Arts)
425:Right: F, A, (middle)C, E , G, Bb, D, F, G, A.
353:Left Hand: D, C, E, G, B, D, F#, A, C, E, G, B.
1326:"Tennessee Waltz" A Gravikord Solo by Bob Grawi
278:, and other materials, with features including
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523:Music for the Gravikord can be written in the
220:structure common to many western instruments.
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420:Left Hand: F, C, D, E, G, Bb, D, F, A, C, E.
8:
1253:, John Schaefer, Harper Collins, April 1987.
948:, April 1988, Volume III, Number 6, pp. 4-7.
594:with each hand. Influences range from jazz,
1251:New Sounds – A Listner's Guide to New Music
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911:
1377:
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1289:, by Jon Pareles, Friday, January 9, 1998.
1320:Metropolitan Museum of Art Gravikord page
1162:Video (Daniel Berkman on Gravikord, 1998)
324:Gravikord Tone Layout in G major/E minor.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1064:""AFRIQUE" For Gravikord & Theremin"
1046:
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694:have also produced original recordings.
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1265:, Volume 129, No. 8, February 22, 1986.
1036:Gravikord at Metropolitan Museum of Art
907:
812:Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments
784:– Chief Xian a Tunde Adjuah (Ropeadope)
690:. Daniel Berkman of San Francisco and
474:playing. For faster chromatic pieces a
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144:is a 24 string electric double bridge-
27:24 string, electric double bridge-harp
733:Gravikords, Whirlies & Pyrophones
7:
1228:, Spring 1995, Number 87, pp. 37-38.
961:Gravikords Whirlies & Pyrophones
836:Gravikords Whirlies & Pyrophones
633:, and all that movement which is so
245:Hands playing position on Gravikord.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1679:List of instruments by Harry Partch
1025:, Sunday December 15, 1996, Pg h45.
782:Bark Out Thunder Roar Out Lightning
646:Gravikords, Whirlies and Pyrophones
397:Gravi-kora general diatonic tuning:
810:The Gravikord has an entry in the
714:– Foday Musa Suso (Island Records)
543:Gravi-kora score by Jacques Burtin
330:Gravikord general diatonic tuning:
25:
1241:October 1996 through August 1997.
749:– Jacques Burtin (Bayard Musique)
391:Tone Layout on Gravi-kora Bridge.
1783:Experimental musical instruments
1673:Experimental Musical Instruments
1367:Experimental musical instruments
1216:, Issue 44, February/March 1993.
946:Experimental Musical Instruments
828:Experimental Musical Instruments
34:
1074:from the original on 2021-12-21
45:needs additional citations for
923:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
842:, Metropolitan Museum of Art,
1:
777:– Bob Grawi (Take That Music)
728:– Bob Grawi (Take That Music)
721:– Bob Grawi (Take That Music)
707:– Bob Grawi (Take That Music)
1301:, Sunday, February 16, 1986.
1237:Metropolitan Museum of Art,
756:– Daniel Berkman (Magnatune)
742:– Daniel Berkman (Magnatune)
536:designed for the Gravikord.
305:The Gravikord is tuned to a
1809:
1277:, April 1999, pp. 108-109.
615:Metropolitan Museum of Art
414:Tuning in F major/D minor:
347:Tuning in G major/E minor:
136:Signature Series Gravikord
1531:Blackpool High Tide Organ
1204:, Sunday, April 17, 1988.
1156:, Magnatune, 2005 ;
1773:1986 musical instruments
1693:Designers of instruments
1176:, Bayard Musique, 2008.
1095:, Columbia, 1985 ;
1053:, November 2000, pg 176.
450:Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah
1144:, Island Records, 1990.
1010:, February 1988, pg 12.
1425:Long-string instrument
840:Guitar Player Magazine
572:Guitar Player Magazine
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436:The Chief Adjuah's Bow
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1778:Amplified instruments
1631:Electroencephalophone
1192:, Spring 1997, pg 64.
770:– Ziko Hart (Mad CDs)
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185:piezo-electric sensor
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1174:Le Chant de la Forêt
852:Smithsonian Magazine
747:Le Chant de la Foret
726:Cherries & Stars
686:, and on his own CD
465:, on slower pieces,
293:tubing. There is no
282:output and variable
54:improve this article
1440:Springtime (guitar)
1299:The Washington Post
1160:, Magnatune, 2009.
860:The Washington Post
604:American folk music
435:
311:Hugh Tracey kalimba
1793:String instruments
1626:Electrocardiophone
1603:Singing Tesla coil
1315:Gravikord web site
1287:The New York Times
1023:The New York Times
856:The New York Times
790:New Modern Strings
775:Getting a Good One
619:The New York Times
610:of the Gravikord.
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489:pedal steel guitar
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1226:Folk Harp Journal
1110:"New World Power"
832:Folk Harp Journal
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16:(Redirected from
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1493:Amplified cactus
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600:Balinese gamelan
514:Musical notation
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371:The Gravi-kora
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363:The Gravi-kora
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985:gravikord.com
982:
981:"Instruments"
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1750:Thomas Truax
1734:Hans Reichel
1730:Harry Partch
1722:Yuri Landman
1671:
1613:Quintephones
1586:Plasmaphones
1541:
1529:
1415:Home Swinger
1409:
1382:Chordophones
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1263:Science News
1262:
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1233:
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1197:
1189:
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1173:
1169:
1158:Heartstrings
1157:
1153:
1149:
1138:Bill Laswell
1133:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1104:
1096:
1093:Village Life
1092:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1058:
1050:
1035:
1030:
1022:
1007:
988:. Retrieved
984:
975:
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960:
945:
926:. Retrieved
922:
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851:
848:Science News
847:
843:
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811:
809:
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754:Heartstrings
753:
746:
740:Calabashmoon
739:
732:
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711:
705:Making Waves
704:
687:
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673:
671:(Xenotone)
660:
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645:
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485:slide guitar
460:
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257:, and had a
248:
222:
202:
189:
178:
168:
165:polyrhythmic
150:West African
141:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1742:Adolphe Sax
1718:Bart Hopkin
1714:Ivor Darreg
1577:Whirly tube
1562:Folgerphone
1473:Lion's roar
1430:Moodswinger
1275:Smithsonian
1214:Dirty Linen
1114:discogs.com
1097:Jazz Africa
1051:Vanity Fair
919:"Gravikord"
864:Vanity Fair
824:Dirty Linen
719:Rising Tide
698:Discography
525:grand staff
467:accidentals
268:Hugh Tracey
226:syncopation
206:donso ngoni
175:Description
69:"Gravikord"
1767:Categories
1706:Ken Butler
1684:Floppotron
1651:Swarmatron
1598:Rijke tube
1567:Klaxophone
1554:Aerophones
1543:Wave Organ
1508:Waterphone
1485:Idiophones
1435:Sound icon
1420:Kaisatsuko
1374:Gaiaphones
1202:Daily News
1119:3 November
990:3 November
928:3 November
902:References
896:Polyrhythm
844:New Sounds
820:Daily News
795:Blake Leyh
675:Gravi-kora
669:Blake Leyh
652:Performers
548:Gravi-kora
506:units, or
500:distortion
263:fiberglass
169:Gravi-kora
110:March 2011
80:newspapers
18:Gravi-kora
1641:Mellotron
1636:Kraakdoos
1593:Pyrophone
1537:Sea organ
1503:Daxophone
1410:Gravikord
761:Headlands
657:Gravikord
640:In 2000,
623:Rita Reif
596:Dixieland
577:high-tech
569:In 1988,
557:Reception
534:tablature
529:root note
519:Gravikord
295:resonator
142:Gravikord
1656:Theremin
1572:Tromboon
1400:Fotdella
1395:Bazantar
1390:Aquavina
1078:21 April
1072:Archived
966:AllMusic
870:See also
806:Articles
799:Xenotone
588:melodies
581:Japanese
491:styles.
276:aluminum
255:acoustic
230:off beat
155:and the
1726:Moondog
1445:Tritare
1331:YouTube
1068:YouTube
787:2024 -
780:2023 -
773:2017 –
766:2015 –
759:2015 –
752:2009 –
745:2008 –
738:2005 –
731:1998 –
724:1996 –
717:1991 –
710:1990 –
703:1988 –
644:listed
635:African
631:timbres
627:curator
457:Playing
237:History
94:scholar
968:review
862:, and
504:reverb
377:griots
301:Tuning
288:welded
280:stereo
259:bamboo
251:guitar
218:treble
208:, and
193:tuning
181:bridge
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1788:Harps
1665:Other
1190:Curio
886:Mbira
598:, to
496:delay
487:, or
481:dobro
284:pitch
210:mbira
163:in a
157:mbira
101:JSTOR
87:books
1140:and
1121:2021
1080:2021
992:2021
930:2021
881:Kora
613:The
602:and
584:koto
472:koto
272:wood
261:and
214:bass
153:kora
146:harp
140:The
73:news
1748:,
1329:on
590:or
216:to
56:by
1769::
1752:,
1744:,
1740:,
1736:,
1732:,
1728:,
1724:,
1720:,
1716:,
1712:,
1708:,
1704:,
1700:,
1112:.
1070:.
1066:.
1043:^
1015:^
1000:^
983:.
970:).
953:^
938:^
921:.
910:^
858:,
854:,
850:,
846:,
838:,
834:,
830:,
826:,
822:,
818:,
793:–
621:,
510:.
502:,
498:,
483:,
274:,
1359:e
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1180:.
1164:.
1123:.
1082:.
994:.
932:.
801:)
797:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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