31:
75:
197:
50:
292:
272:
521:
exhibits secretive behaviour during breeding season, and nesting pairs are rarely found in high densities as their territories are well-spaced. They build their nests on the ground or in low shrubs, typically less than 2 meters high. Females build the nest with dried grasses mixed with a supporting
394:
remains uncommon to rare in most regions of North
America but can be spotted in any wooded habitat. The breeding range extends north of the treeline into low Arctic willow and alder beds. Grey-cheeked thrushes prefer low coniferous woods, including young regenerating forests, open canopy old growth
283:
thrushes, about 16 to 17 cm (6.7 in) in height and weighing between 26 and 30g. Wingspan ranges from 12.6-13.4 in (32-34 cm). The bird can be identified by its grayish face, partial pale eyering, drab gray-brown upperside and extensively dusky flanks. The area between the eye and the
525:
There is an average of 4 eggs per nest, but it may vary between 3 and 5 eggs. The female incubates the eggs for 13 to 14 days. The eggs are greenish blue, marked with light brown dots and oval to short oval in shape. Nestlings fledge 11 to 13 days after hatching and the young are cared for by both
439:
The vocalizations of the gray-cheeked thrush are the most reliable way to identify it, compared to the
Bicknell's Thrush. It has a complex song of burry flute-like notes, usually inflecting downward at the end. It resembles a descending spiral like the
871:
347:). The divergence of the two species is very recent since only little genetic divergence separate them. Dr. Henri Ouellet was the first to propose the separation between the Bicknell's and the gray-cheeked thrush in 1996.
456:". It is more likely to hear its nocturnal flight call during spring and fall migration than to observe the species on the ground. The nocturnal flight note a one or two note "
872:"Energy reserves stored by migrating Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus at a spring stopover in northern Columbia are sufficient for a long-distance flight to North America"
1522:
939:"Division within the North American boreal forest: Ecological niche divergence between the Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus)"
1293:
1358:
1492:
395:
forests having a dense growth of shrubs and small conifers in the understory, and dense, stunted spruce and fir on windblown sites and near the tree line.
590:
355:
The gray-cheeked thrush is a long-distance migrant species with a migration on average of 300 km. They are believed to spend their winter in the
1464:
1257:
1306:
284:
beak is grayish as well, but the area running from the beak to above the eye is grayish white. The gray-cheeked thrush is nearly identical to the
1397:
773:
798:"Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus minimus) distribution and habitat use in a montane forest landscape of western Newfoundland, Canada"
1205:
522:
layer of mud. There is only one brood per season, although they will lay a second brood if the first nest fails early in the season.
845:
1517:
356:
1502:
1218:
235:. This species is 15–17 cm (5.9–6.7 in) in length, and has the white-dark-white underwing pattern characteristic of
1311:
370:
They are present in their breeding ground from May to August. They breeding range includes the northern boreal forests from
1345:
712:
1512:
1119:
1143:
1363:
1236:
638:
1249:
419:
371:
74:
1060:
609:
1507:
1371:
613:
331:
has a brownish olive upperpart) and flanks, a lightly washed cream breast and duller lower part of the beak.
904:
FitzGerald, Alyssa M.; Whitaker, Darroch M.; Ralston, Joel; Kirchman, Jeremy J.; Warkentin, Ian G. (2017).
1376:
1130:
1072:
186:
993:
Lowther, Peter E.; Rimmer, Christopher C.; Kessel, Brina; Johnson, Steven L.; Ellison, Walter G. (2001).
169:
1148:
1110:
906:"Taxonomy and Distribution of the imperilled Newfoundland Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus minimus"
994:
567:
1192:
340:
285:
256:
248:
339:
In addition to being almost identical physically, the gray-cheeked thrush is sister species to the
304:
39:
1337:
846:"Grey-cheeked and Bicknell's Thrushes: taxonomy, identification and the British and Irish records"
315:
can be distinguished by its overall browner coloration and buffer wash to the breast compared to
204:
69:
591:"Seasonal Migration, Speciation, and Morphological Convergence in the Genus Catharus (Turdidae)"
1298:
1272:
491:
as well as fruits and berries (wild cherries, blackberries, and raspberries). It also feeds on
263:. Of all the American spotted thrushes, the gray-cheeked has the most northern breeding range.
1497:
1410:
1324:
1166:
968:
769:
30:
729:
663:
1415:
958:
950:
917:
886:
809:
605:
562:
1135:
1384:
252:
1051:
1030:
544:
259:
except by its slightly larger size and different song. The two were formerly considered
1244:
1231:
963:
938:
507:
364:
240:
323:
also has an extensive brighter yellow area at the base of the lower part of the beak.
1486:
1319:
553:
360:
232:
136:
59:
54:
196:
1455:
1171:
291:
271:
1428:
1223:
1158:
730:"Gray-cheeked Thrush Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
1350:
1332:
1280:
1104:
260:
255:
pair with the latter. The gray-cheeked thrush is all but indistinguishable from
1095:
1423:
379:
1210:
922:
905:
814:
797:
500:
126:
86:
972:
526:
parents. Individuals breed at one year of age and are presumed monogamous.
1449:
1389:
1089:
496:
492:
488:
423:
407:
146:
106:
1469:
1262:
411:
387:
383:
954:
890:
713:"Management plan for Gray-cheeked Thrush in Newfoundland and Labrador"
1285:
476:
472:
375:
96:
1066:
1184:
796:
Whitaker, Darroch M.; Taylor, Philip D.; Warkentin, Ian G. (2015).
1179:
441:
290:
270:
244:
1402:
1197:
484:
116:
1070:
480:
870:
Bayly, Nicholas J.; Gomez, Camila; Hobson, Keith A. (2013).
299:
There are two subspecies: the northern gray-cheeked thrush (
610:
10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1052:SMSAMC]2.0.CO;2
448:), but higher, thinner, and nasal with stuttering pauses: "
402:
are also separated by their different breeding ranges:
639:"Bicknell's Thrush: Taxonomic Status and Distribution"
279:
The gray-cheeked thrush is slightly larger than other
831:
Identification Guide to North
American Birds, part 1
1439:
1079:
422:and possibly adjacent portions of southern coastal
452:". The flight call is a high, penetrating, nasal "
239:thrushes. It is a member of a close-knit group of
568:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22708658A94170440.en
506:Their habits of eating berries contribute to the
768:. United States: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 315.
1057:– USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
766:Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America
8:
589:Winker, Kevin; Pruett, Christin L. (2006).
1067:
195:
48:
29:
20:
962:
921:
813:
566:
995:"Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus)"
307:, the Newfoundland gray-cheeked thrush (
535:
327:has a grayish olive upperpart (whereas
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
988:
986:
984:
982:
833:. California, USA: Slate Creek Press.
707:
705:
703:
7:
1523:Taxa named by Frédéric de Lafresnaye
1250:784e7f3c-aceb-4b3e-b9a7-6b6562966596
791:
789:
787:
785:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
632:
630:
628:
626:
1493:IUCN Red List least concern species
1061:Gray-cheeked Thrush Species Account
554:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
487:, and caterpillars, in addition to
450:ch-ch zreeew zi-zi-zreeee zizreeew
14:
471:consumes mainly insects, such as
378:in North America and across the
73:
543:BirdLife International (2016).
367:during their spring migration.
937:FitzGerald, Alyssa M. (2017).
910:Avian Conservation and Ecology
802:Avian Conservation and Ecology
390:and broadleaf shrub thickets.
1:
275:Gray-cheeked thrush in a nest
1063:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
764:Sibley, David Allen (2016).
1539:
295:South Padre Island - Texas
243:species together with the
210:
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
923:10.5751/ace-00976-120110
815:10.5751/ace-00778-100204
561:: e.T22708658A94170440.
418:breeds on the island of
351:Habitat and distribution
1518:Birds described in 1848
301:Catharus minimus alicia
1503:Native birds of Alaska
1052:Gray-cheeked Thrush –
1029:Baillo, Dayna (2001).
386:associated with dense
296:
276:
943:Ecology and Evolution
734:www.allaboutbirds.org
668:www.allaboutbirds.org
664:"Gray-cheeked Thrush"
460:" dropping in pitch.
294:
274:
1245:Fauna Europaea (new)
1035:Animal Diversity Web
829:Pyle, Peter (1997).
231:) is a medium-sized
24:Gray-cheeked thrush
1513:Birds of North Asia
1273:gray-cheeked-thrush
844:Knox, Alan (1996).
646:The Wilson Bulletin
637:Ouellet, H (1993).
508:dispersion of seeds
446:Catharus fuscescens
359:and will cross the
305:nominate subspecies
223:gray-cheeked thrush
40:Conservation status
1031:"Catharus minimus"
999:Birds of the World
398:The subspecies of
345:Catharus bicknelli
297:
277:
213:Hylocichla aliciae
1480:
1479:
1411:Open Tree of Life
1073:Taxon identifiers
955:10.1002/ece3.3080
949:(14): 5285–5295.
891:10.1111/ibi.12029
775:978-0-307-95791-7
341:Bicknell's thrush
286:Bicknell's Thrush
257:Bicknell's thrush
249:Bicknell's thrush
219:
218:
63:
1530:
1473:
1472:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1432:
1431:
1429:Catharus-minimus
1419:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1366:
1354:
1353:
1351:NHMSYS0000530260
1341:
1340:
1328:
1327:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1301:
1289:
1288:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1252:
1240:
1239:
1227:
1226:
1214:
1213:
1201:
1200:
1188:
1187:
1175:
1174:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1111:Catharus minimus
1100:
1099:
1098:
1081:Catharus minimus
1068:
1054:Catharus minimus
1039:
1038:
1026:
1003:
1002:
990:
977:
976:
966:
934:
928:
927:
925:
901:
895:
894:
876:
867:
861:
860:
850:
841:
835:
834:
826:
820:
819:
817:
793:
780:
779:
761:
744:
743:
741:
740:
726:
720:
719:
717:
709:
678:
677:
675:
674:
660:
654:
653:
643:
634:
621:
620:
618:
612:. Archived from
595:
586:
580:
579:
577:
575:
570:
547:Catharus minimus
540:
228:Catharus minimus
199:
181:
179:Catharus minimus
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1508:Birds of Canada
1483:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1468:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1385:Observation.org
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1217:
1209:
1204:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1075:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1028:
1027:
1006:
992:
991:
980:
936:
935:
931:
903:
902:
898:
874:
869:
868:
864:
848:
843:
842:
838:
828:
827:
823:
795:
794:
783:
776:
763:
762:
747:
738:
736:
728:
727:
723:
715:
711:
710:
681:
672:
670:
662:
661:
657:
641:
636:
635:
624:
616:
593:
588:
587:
583:
573:
571:
542:
541:
537:
532:
516:
466:
437:
432:
353:
337:
269:
253:cryptic species
190:
183:
177:
164:
161:C. minimus
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1461:
1445:
1443:
1441:Turdus minimus
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1420:
1407:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1342:
1329:
1316:
1303:
1290:
1277:
1267:
1254:
1241:
1232:Fauna Europaea
1228:
1215:
1202:
1189:
1176:
1163:
1153:
1140:
1127:
1116:
1101:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1047:
1046:External links
1044:
1041:
1040:
1004:
978:
929:
896:
862:
836:
821:
781:
774:
745:
721:
679:
655:
622:
619:on 2007-10-25.
581:
534:
533:
531:
528:
515:
512:
465:
462:
436:
433:
431:
428:
365:Gulf of Mexico
352:
349:
336:
333:
268:
265:
217:
216:
208:
207:
201:
200:
192:
191:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1535:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
989:
987:
985:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:
930:
924:
919:
915:
911:
907:
900:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
866:
863:
858:
854:
853:British Birds
847:
840:
837:
832:
825:
822:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
792:
790:
788:
786:
782:
777:
771:
767:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
746:
735:
731:
725:
722:
714:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
680:
669:
665:
659:
656:
652:(4): 545–572.
651:
647:
640:
633:
631:
629:
627:
623:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
592:
585:
582:
569:
564:
560:
556:
555:
550:
548:
539:
536:
529:
527:
523:
520:
513:
511:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
463:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:Vocalizations
434:
429:
427:
425:
421:
417:
416:C. m. minimus
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
361:Caribbean Sea
358:
350:
348:
346:
342:
334:
332:
330:
329:C. m. minimus
326:
322:
321:C. m. minimus
318:
314:
313:C. m. minimus
310:
309:C. m. minimus
306:
302:
293:
289:
287:
282:
273:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
251:; it forms a
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:
224:
215:
214:
209:
206:
202:
198:
193:
188:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:Passeriformes
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1440:
1080:
1053:
1034:
998:
946:
942:
932:
913:
909:
899:
882:
878:
865:
856:
852:
839:
830:
824:
805:
801:
765:
737:. Retrieved
733:
724:
671:. Retrieved
667:
658:
649:
645:
614:the original
601:
597:
584:
572:. Retrieved
558:
552:
546:
538:
524:
518:
517:
514:Reproduction
505:
468:
467:
457:
453:
449:
445:
438:
420:Newfoundland
415:
406:breeds from
404:C. m. alicia
403:
399:
397:
391:
372:Newfoundland
369:
357:Amazon basin
354:
344:
338:
328:
325:C. m. alicia
324:
320:
317:C. m. alicia
316:
312:
308:
300:
298:
280:
278:
236:
227:
226:
222:
220:
212:
211:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
1372:Neotropical
1333:NatureServe
1281:iNaturalist
1105:Wikispecies
885:: 271–283.
604:(4): 1052.
574:13 November
382:to Eastern
303:), and the
267:Description
261:conspecific
1487:Categories
1456:Q109563596
1424:Xeno-canto
739:2020-09-29
673:2017-06-04
530:References
519:C. minimus
501:earthworms
469:C. minimus
400:C. minimus
392:C. minimus
380:Bering Sea
187:Lafresnaye
916:(1): 10.
489:arachnids
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1498:Catharus
1450:Wikidata
1338:2.100959
1325:22708658
1299:10198972
1198:45510208
1136:22708658
1131:BirdLife
1096:Q1367569
1090:Wikidata
973:28770067
808:(2): 4.
497:sow bugs
493:crayfish
430:Behavior
424:Labrador
410:west to
408:Labrador
335:Taxonomy
281:Catharus
237:Catharus
205:Synonyms
148:Catharus
137:Turdidae
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1470:4408781
1403:1484353
1263:2490826
964:5528206
718:. 2010.
598:The Auk
477:weevils
473:beetles
458:whe-eer
412:Siberia
388:conifer
384:Siberia
241:migrant
189:, 1848)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1416:920831
1377:gycthr
1364:159579
1312:179793
1270:GNAB:
1219:EURING
1211:101113
1185:gycthr
1159:gycthr
1124:grchth
971:
961:
859:: 1–9.
772:
499:, and
414:, and
376:Alaska
233:thrush
1390:76017
1294:IRMNG
1286:12883
1237:97222
1224:11780
1206:EUNIS
1180:eBird
1172:5XFSC
1156:BOW:
875:(PDF)
849:(PDF)
716:(PDF)
642:(PDF)
617:(PDF)
594:(PDF)
485:wasps
454:queer
442:veery
245:veery
1465:GBIF
1398:OBIS
1359:NCBI
1320:IUCN
1307:ITIS
1258:GBIF
1149:9574
1144:BOLD
969:PMID
879:Ibis
770:ISBN
576:2021
559:2016
481:ants
464:Diet
363:and
247:and
221:The
117:Aves
1346:NBN
1193:EoL
1167:CoL
1120:ABA
959:PMC
951:doi
918:doi
887:doi
883:155
810:doi
650:105
606:doi
602:123
563:doi
374:to
311:).
1489::
1467::
1452::
1426::
1413::
1400::
1387::
1374::
1361::
1348::
1335::
1322::
1309::
1296::
1283::
1260::
1247::
1234::
1221::
1208::
1195::
1182::
1169::
1146::
1133::
1122::
1107::
1092::
1033:.
1007:^
997:.
981:^
967:.
957:.
945:.
941:.
914:12
912:.
908:.
881:.
877:.
857:89
855:.
851:.
806:10
804:.
800:.
784:^
748:^
732:.
682:^
666:.
648:.
644:.
625:^
600:.
596:.
557:.
551:.
510:.
503:.
495:,
483:,
479:,
475:,
426:.
319:.
288:.
1037:.
1001:.
975:.
953::
947:7
926:.
920::
893:.
889::
818:.
812::
778:.
742:.
676:.
608::
578:.
565::
549:"
545:"
444:(
343:(
225:(
185:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
