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189:, escaping with captive settlers. The English colonial militia were mustered and put on high alert, but in October, Gray Lock once again attacked Northfield, escaping safely. With additional settler troops being raised and deployed as a result, early in 1724, by Massachusetts Bay Colony decree, a blockhouse known as
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Eastern
Abenaki groups made peace with Massachusetts in 1725 and 1726, and Abenaki bands in Canada agreed to peace terms in 1727, but Gray Lock refused, mounting sporadic raids on the colonies over the next two decades or so. The best available accounts indicate that Gray Lock died a free man around
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The last of these settler parties withdrew from the field in March and April 1725, whereupon Gray Lock's contingent left their winter quarters, again throwing the settlements into a state of alarm. Intending reprisals, Captain
Benjamin Wright set out in July for Missisquoi with a body of recruits,
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in
Western Massachusetts is thought to have been named in tribute to chief Gray Lock. Although it is not clear whether chief Gray Lock was actually ever personally associated with this mountain, the name "Mount Greylock" first appeared in print around 1819, and came into popular use by the 1830s.
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raids in areas of what are now southern
Vermont and western Massachusetts. He consistently eluded his pursuers, acquiring among his peers the warrior's name of Wawanolet (v. Wawanolewat, Wawanotewat), which means roughly "he who fools the others, or puts someone off the track."
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but having provisioned inadequately, aborted their mission and returned south. Gray Lock dogged Wright all the way to
Northfield, with alarms and skirmishes continuing in and around Fort Dummer and Deerfield for the remainder of the summer months.
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lands along the
Kennebec long occupied by the Abenaki Indians, who regarded them as their own. As the pattern of English colonial settlements in the area continued, the French and Abenaki formed an alliance against them.
201:, to help guard against future attacks. The colonial garrisons already established at Northfield, displacing the Abenaki from their traditional winter hunting grounds and camps, were strengthened as well.
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Abenaki band, and whose direct descendants have led the
Missisquoi Abenaki until the current day. Born near what is now
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103:. Chief Gray Lock rose to prominence during this period, marshaling and organizing Native resistance based in
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1750, his name already a legend even among his enemies, and with family and stalwart followers around him.
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arriving in 1604 and claiming the area for France. Soon afterward, however, English colonists began to
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The
Western Abenakis of Vermont, 1600-1800: War, Migration, and the survival of an Indian people,
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99:) was a series of battles and raids between the region's English colonists and groups of the
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In August 1723, he led a war party which descended upon the
English colonial settlements at
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by
William A. Haviland and Marjory W. Power (University Press of New England, 1994)
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French colonists and traders are recorded as the first Europeans to explore the
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The rising tensions erupted into open conflict in 1722. With the French,
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about ten miles north of Northfield, immediately south of today's
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44:, Wawanolet, or Wawanolewat), (ca. 1670-ca. 1750), was a Western
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the expanding English northern-tier colonial settlements of the
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There is a monument and plaque dedicated to Chief Gray Lock in
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The Original Vermonters: Native Inhabitants, Past and Present,
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Colin Calloway, p. 120; Canadian Bio On Line for Gray Lock
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by Colin G. Calloway (University of Oklahoma Press, 1990)
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In Search of New England's Native Past: Selected Essays,
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was erected by the colonists on the west bank of the
285:"The Hoosac Valley: Its Legends and its History"
327:. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.).
281:, by James P. Millard. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
16:Western Abenaki warrior chieftain (1670-1750)
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161:looking on, Abenaki war parties commenced
419:Native American people from Massachusetts
404:Native American history of Massachusetts
126:Tablet of the Chief Grey Lock monument,
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272:"Greylock: Great Chief of the Abenaki"
107:and, further to the northwest, on the
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399:18th-century Native American leaders
394:English colonization of the Americas
169:, all the way from coastal Maine to
226:Battery Park (Burlington, Vermont)
128:Battery Park (Burlington, Vermont)
32:Battery Park (Burlington, Vermont)
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363:University of Massachusetts Press
321:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
414:History of the Thirteen Colonies
324:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
287:, by Grace Greylock Niles (1912)
266:Mount Greylock State Reservation
76:The mid-1720s conflict known as
30:Monument of Chief Grey Lock in
52:ancestry who came to lead the
48:warrior chieftain of Woronoco/
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361:by Gordon M. Day (Amherst:
329:University of Toronto Press
249:Christine Sioui-Wawanoloath
157:English colonists, and the
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268:. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
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167:Massachusetts Bay Colony
62:Connecticut River Valley
58:Westfield, Massachusetts
409:History of the Americas
317:Day, Gordon M. (1974).
379:People of Dummer's War
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115:, both in what is now
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137:area, in what is now
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199:Brattleboro, Vermont
101:Wabanaki Confederacy
40:(or Greylock, born
19:For other uses, see
232:Notable descendants
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277:2006-04-02 at the
244:Alexis Wawanoloath
240:(born Wawanoloath)
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93:Father Rasle's War
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332:. Retrieved
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319:"Gray Lock"
195:Connecticut
191:Fort Dummer
105:Otter Creek
66:New England
64:in today's
42:Wawanotewat
373:Categories
334:2011-12-03
292:References
183:Northfield
109:Missisquoi
54:Missisquoi
175:guerrilla
147:homestead
95:, or the
50:Pocumtuck
38:Gray Lock
429:Pocomtuc
275:Archived
260:See also
159:Iroquois
155:New York
68:region.
21:Greylock
424:Abenaki
365:, 1998)
187:Rutland
163:raiding
141:, with
117:Vermont
113:Swanton
46:Abenaki
213:Legacy
139:Maine
185:and
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