63:
123:
245:
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49:
368:) and when threatened, the incubating parent sometimes leaves the nest temporarily, and when this happens the eggs need to have impervious shells in order to avoid losing too much water through evaporation. In fact, the evaporative loss from the eggs is found to be about one third of that which occurs in
355:
and may be relatively safe for the breeding gulls. The site chosen for the nest, a scrape in the sand and often near rocks, is a waterless region some 35 to 100 km (22 to 62 mi) from the coast. Once the eggs hatch, the parents take it in turn to make the round trip to the sea to bring food
307:
The sexes are similar in grey gulls. Adults grow to a length of about 45 cm (18 in) and weigh some 360 to 400 g (13 to 14 oz). The head is white in summer but brownish-grey in winter. The body and wings are grey with the dorsal surface rather darker than the ventral region. The
359:
The humidity, wind speed, air and surface temperatures vary widely on a daily basis and the gull has to use various thermo-regulatory mechanisms when nesting to maintain its body temperature and that of its eggs and chicks within acceptable limits. In the hottest part of the day the parent bird
333:
in northern Chile. Its non-breeding range includes s. Ecuador, Peru through south-central Chile, and it has been recorded in the
Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. It is a vagrant to Mexico, the Galapagos, Guatemala, Brazil, Argentina, Panama and Florida; an earlier
400:
The grey gull has a restricted inland breeding range and a limited wintering range along the coasts of
Ecuador, Peru and Chile. The population trend is believed to be downwards. However, the total number of birds is sufficiently large to justify listing the grey gull as being of
312:
are black and the inner primaries and the secondaries have white tips, visible in flight. The tail has a band of black with a white trailing edge. The legs and beak are black and the iris is brown. The call is similar to that of the
384:
The typical habitat of the grey gull is sandy beaches and mudflats along the western coasts of South
America where it probes with its beak in the sediment for invertebrate prey, particularly
347:
For many years, it was a mystery as to where this bird breeds because no coastal colonies had been identified. However, in 1945, it was discovered that it bred in the
1571:
1458:
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1551:
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1471:
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1497:
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1523:
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1199:
1357:
122:
1305:
1313:
1154:
793:
234:
561:
Guerra, Carlos G.; Aguilar, Roberto E.; Fitzpatrick, Lloyd C. (1988). "Water Vapor
Conductance in Gray Gulls (
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1318:
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1411:
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1181:
1163:
1027:
726:
75:
1081:
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87:
299:, although it is present as a non-breeding bird along much of the Pacific coast of South America.
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840:
768:
736:
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252:
117:
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711:
360:
stands over its nest to prevent the eggs or chicks overheating. Its chief predator is the
309:
244:
174:
681:
334:
report of it in
Louisiana, from 1987, has not been accepted by a birdwatching authority.
544:
1168:
1002:
604:
361:
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330:
292:
1370:
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107:
102:
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430:
1510:
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1148:
984:
936:
905:
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845:
811:
696:
194:
1139:
1365:
1045:
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48:
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79:
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1502:
627:
351:
in the interior of Chile. This hot and arid environment has few
284:
164:
1114:
600:
291:. Unusual among gulls, it breeds inland in the extremely dry
392:, scavenges for offal and sometimes follows fishing boats.
405:" rather than including it in a more threatened category.
779:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
474:
Josep del Hoyo, Andrew
Elliott, Jordi Sargatal (Eds.):
30:
This article is about the bird. For record label, see
1381:
1123:
1072:
1054:
1036:
1011:
993:
975:
894:
854:
809:
660:
639:
478:. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions 1996,
653:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
612:
8:
1111:
831:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
619:
605:
597:
243:
96:
61:
47:
38:
496:
494:
492:
556:
554:
531:"ML608510406 Gray Gull Macaulay Library"
565:) Eggs: Adaptation to Desert Nesting".
414:
1572:Taxa named by Johann Jakob von Tschudi
932:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
424:
422:
420:
418:
7:
545:"Rare Bird Alert: September 9, 2023"
1552:IUCN Red List least concern species
440:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
376:), another desert nesting species.
329:The grey gull breeds inland in the
476:Handbook of the Birds of the World
25:
121:
429:BirdLife International (2012).
356:and water to their offspring.
56:Grey gull at La Laguna, Chile
1:
512:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1588:
29:
1090:
258:
251:
242:
223:
216:
118:Scientific classification
116:
94:
85:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
794:Lesser black-backed gull
722:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
510:Neotropical Birds Online
388:. It also eats fish and
1567:Birds described in 1843
717:Great black-backed gull
1100:Hybridisation in gulls
1023:Black-legged kittiwake
764:American herring gull
759:European herring gull
319:Leucophaeus atricilla
70:A young grey gull at
1371:Leucophaeus-modestus
1155:Leucophaeus modestus
1125:Leucophaeus modestus
1028:Red-legged kittiwake
727:Glaucous-winged gull
504:Leucophaeus modestus
283:) is a medium-sized
280:Leucophaeus modestus
227:Leucophaeus modestus
1082:Swallow-tailed gull
957:Slender-billed gull
567:Colonial Waterbirds
547:. 8 September 2023.
533:. 4 September 2023.
88:Conservation status
841:Mediterranean gull
769:Yellow-legged gull
737:Yellow-footed gull
460:}}: old-form url (
1539:
1538:
1340:Open Tree of Life
1117:Taxon identifiers
1108:
1107:
1095:Gull eggs as food
952:Black-headed gull
947:Brown-headed gull
942:Black-billed gull
927:Brown-hooded gull
789:Slaty-backed gull
702:Short-billed gull
687:Black-tailed gull
484:978-84-87334-20-7
267:
266:
111:
76:Valparaíso Region
32:Grey Gull Records
16:(Redirected from
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1182:804CCA3A1ECAF682
1172:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1112:
962:Bonaparte's gull
707:Ring-billed gull
621:
614:
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273:, also known as
247:
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209:L. modestus
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1327:Observation.org
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1138:
1137:
1132:
1119:
1109:
1104:
1086:
1068:
1050:
1032:
1007:
989:
971:
967:Saunders's gull
922:Hartlaub's gull
911:Red-billed gull
897:Chroicocephalus
890:
876:Franklin's gull
850:
821:White-eyed gull
805:
712:California gull
692:Heermann's gull
656:
635:
625:
595:
594:
579:10.2307/1521176
560:
559:
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543:
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538:
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473:
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428:
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411:
398:
382:
374:Larus heermanni
370:Heermann's gull
345:
340:
327:
310:flight feathers
305:
238:
231:
225:
212:
175:Charadriiformes
120:
112:
101:
97:
90:
35:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1562:Birds of Chile
1559:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1520:
1507:
1494:
1481:
1468:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1412:larus-modestus
1403:
1387:
1385:
1383:Larus modestus
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1362:
1349:
1336:
1323:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1209:
1196:
1186:
1173:
1169:Larus_modestus
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1145:
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1127:
1121:
1120:
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979:
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949:
944:
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934:
929:
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919:
913:
908:
902:
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888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
862:
860:
852:
851:
849:
848:
843:
838:
836:Audouin's gull
833:
828:
823:
817:
815:
807:
806:
804:
803:
802:
801:
799:Heuglin's gull
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
755:
754:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
677:Belcher's gull
674:
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637:
636:
626:
624:
623:
616:
609:
601:
593:
592:
573:(1): 107–109.
563:Larus modestus
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536:
522:
488:
467:
433:Larus modestus
413:
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381:
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366:Cathartes aura
362:turkey vulture
349:Atacama Desert
344:
341:
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331:Atacama Desert
326:
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293:Atacama Desert
265:
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261:Larus modestus
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1096:
1093:
1092:
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1083:
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1079:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1064:Sabine's gull
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
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1047:
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1035:
1029:
1026:
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904:
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899:
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871:Laughing gull
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863:
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844:
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839:
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795:
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787:
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784:Armenian gull
782:
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777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
753:
752:Thayer's gull
750:
749:
748:
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743:
742:Glaucous gull
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738:
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733:
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728:
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723:
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463:
459:
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423:
421:
419:
415:
408:
406:
404:
403:least concern
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387:
379:
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375:
371:
367:
363:
357:
354:
350:
342:
337:
335:
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322:
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316:
315:laughing gull
311:
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289:South America
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218:Binomial name
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103:Least Concern
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19:
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1055:
1037:
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995:Rhodostethia
994:
977:Hydrocoloeus
976:
916:Huahine gull
895:
885:
866:Dolphin gull
855:
810:
774:Caspian gull
747:Iceland gull
732:Western gull
682:Olrog's gull
672:Pacific gull
661:
648:
570:
566:
562:
539:
525:
514:. Retrieved
509:
503:
475:
470:
448:. Retrieved
444:
438:
432:
399:
383:
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365:
358:
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328:
325:Distribution
318:
306:
295:in northern
279:
278:
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270:
268:
260:
259:
226:
224:
208:
207:
195:
36:
1557:Leucophaeus
1511:SeaLifeBase
1314:Neotropical
1275:iNaturalist
1149:Wikispecies
1003:Ross's gull
985:Little gull
937:Andean gull
906:Silver gull
857:Leucophaeus
846:Relict gull
812:Ichthyaetus
697:Common gull
303:Description
275:garuma gull
196:Leucophaeus
1546:Categories
1366:Xeno-canto
1046:Ivory gull
826:Sooty gull
634:: Laridae)
516:2014-05-30
450:2014-05-30
409:References
386:mole crabs
287:native to
42:Grey gull
1398:Q25680996
1038:Pagophila
886:Grey gull
881:Lava gull
458:cite iucn
353:predators
338:Behaviour
271:grey gull
203:Species:
141:Kingdom:
135:Eukaryota
72:Algarrobo
18:Gray gull
1490:22694292
1464:10188792
1425:22694292
1420:BirdLife
1392:Wikidata
1254:45509284
1189:BioLib:
1140:Q1265250
1134:Wikidata
1074:Creagrus
486:, p. 602
390:ragworms
343:Breeding
253:Synonyms
181:Family:
155:Chordata
151:Phylum:
145:Animalia
131:Domain:
108:IUCN 3.1
1451:2481180
1306:1471025
1267:6065847
1177:Avibase
650:Species
587:1521176
380:Feeding
237:, 1843)
235:Tschudi
191:Genus:
185:Laridae
171:Order:
161:Class:
106: (
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