31:
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353:). In 1713, two leading farmers in Hallingdal spoke against the Danish authorities, demanding an end to war taxation, because the farmers could not bear the costs. Eventually, the tax collectors found doors shut all over the region, and had to call in a public meeting. The two leaders were tried and sentenced to labour in the fortress of
219:, who at the age of 24 was General-Admiral and Commander in Chief of the Navy. Frederick toured Norway in 1704 to assess the condition of his army and his second kingdom. In the morning, at the noon stop, and in the evenings the king held audiences with all who wanted to speak to him, from wealthy landowners to lowly peasants.
454:
policy and guerrilla raid interdiction of supply chains by the residents of BohuslÀn denied
Charles of supplies. Further, the Norwegian fortresses behind his lines threatened his retreat if he became seriously weakened in combat. Charles took the city of Christiania, but without heavy siege artillery
312:
In August, 1710 Baron
Waldemar LĂžvendal returned in Norway as Governor and commander of a country much drained in resources by the wars of the past century. The governor threw himself into building the civil and military leadership in the country just a short march from Sweden. When he left Norway in
535:
pursued an unaggressive patrol strategy along the BohuslÀn coast. With the Danish fleet diverted to the Baltic and the lightening of patrols from the North Sea fleet, throughout the summer of 1718, steady streams of supplies were carried up through the BohuslÀn skerries and to the
Norwegian border.
364:
in 1720, demanding an end to the forced mobilization of farmer's sons. At this point, Norwegians were tired of the war. The case was tried in favour of the farmer, Olav
Hovdejord, and the captain was called back to Denmark for his coarse behaviour. He had at this point chopped Olav's right hand off
497:
in BohuslÀn which captured or destroyed the entire
Swedish transport fleet, and, more importantly, the Swedish supplies at Dynekilen. Running low on supplies, Charles retreated hastily across the Svinesund and burned his bridges behind him. By July 12, not a Swedish soldier remained in Norway. For
324:
in June 1711. In August, the
Norwegian army marched into BohuslĂ€n, warmly welcomed by their former countrymen. But by late summer the fleet Vice Admiral Sehestedâs fleet had not appeared offshore, having been ordered by Frederick IV to return to Baltic waters. Without naval support, the Norwegian
191:
In 1700 the three powers attacked and for Sweden the difficulty of a three front war had to be faced. No one expected what followed. The early part of the war consisted of a continual string of
Swedish victories under Charles XII. Denmark was defeated in the summer of 1700 and withdrew until 1709.
434:
or Halden. It was Basmo where
Charles XII struck, crossing the border and establishing his headquarters at the HĂžland parsonage on March 8, 1716. The Norwegian commander of the district did not lack courage, and without waiting for his full forces to assemble, he attacked Charlesâ superior forces
381:
in
November 1714 on the south shore of the Baltic. Charles was by now at war with most of Northern Europe, and Stralsund was doomed. Charles remained there until December, 1715, escaping only days before Stralsund fell. By this point, Charles was considered mad by many, as he would not consider
548:
The war was finally concluded in 1721. Sweden had lost almost all of her overseas holdings gained in the 17th century, and was no longer a major power. Russia took the Baltic territories, and from then on was the major power in the east. The balance of power between Sweden and
Denmark-Norway was
473:
Charles' troops attempted to take Fredriksten by storm on July 4. His troops took the town after fierce fighting, but the citizens set fire to their homes and Charles, unable to take the fortress, was forced to retreat and await the arrival of heavy guns in the aftermath of the
540:. In the Autumn of 1718 Charles again attacked Norway. He was killed while inspecting the front trenches of the siege-works against Fredriksten. This precipitated an immediate retreat of his war-weary forces back to Sweden, effectively terminating the Norwegian campaigns.
335:
1712 was a disappointing year in Norway, as Frederick IV directed LĂžvendal not to use the Norwegian Army in offensive actions, reserving it for defense and for supplementing Danish troops elsewhere. General Hausmann was named head of all Norwayâs land and sea defenses.
498:
this feat, Frederick IV promoted Tordenskiold to Commodore. In October 1716 Commodore Tordenskjold was given charge of a North Sea Squadron and placed at the head of Norwayâs Sea Force over the protests of Baron Wedel, Norwayâs new General in Chief.
506:
Even with his defeat, Charles still planned to redeem himself by a Norwegian invasion. 1717 became a year of rebuilding for both sides. Action was limited to unsuccessful attacks by Commodore Tordenskjold's squadron on
344:
The taxations that followed from warfare and the forced mobilization of Norwegian farm boys led to uprising and riots in some parts of Norway. Among the most known cases are the farmer's tax rebellion in 1713
313:
1712, he had instituted reforms that served to create a civil service in Norway, and proceeded to document state activities to a degree never before seen in Norway, as well as being a strong military leader.
438:
Upon hearing of this defeat, General LĂŒtzow withdrew his forward troops and established a defensive position at Christiania. The Swedish forces advanced and, leaving a greatly strengthened garrison in
399:
from SkÄne. But the ice went out before he could launch his attack, so he redirected his focus. Charles XII chose then to invade Norway through BohuslÀn. Getting intelligence of this intent, General
395:
Not one to consider peace, upon his return to Sweden Charles began gathering materials and men for another campaign, this time against Copenhagen, attacking across the frozen
771:
320:. In parallel he proposed a strong fleet to provide protection and transportation to seaward, and Frederick IV committed to providing such a force under Vice Admiral
216:
30:
466:. This would remove the threat at his back, and they were to serve as the base for his offensive later that year, as well as capture of the harbours at mouth of the
406:
The Norwegian Army had been weakened in early 1716 by withdrawal of 5000 of the best troops to support the defense of Denmark; further Norwegian Commander-in-Chief
316:
Baron LÞvendal raised and equipped a Norwegian Army to invade and recapture the former Norwegian province of BohuslÀn under the leadership of General-Lieutenant
493:. In the beginning of 1716 he was ennobled by Frederick IV under the name of Tordenskiold. Captain Peter Wessel Tordenskiold led a daring cutting-out
357:. One of them, Elling Villand, who also was sentenced to give away his farm, was freed less than half a year later, and sat on his farm until he died.
215:
distrusted the nobility and gentry and surrounded himself with ministers and advisers of humble origin. The one exception was the king's half-brother,
73:
on the other side from 1700 to 1721. It started by a coordinated attack on Sweden by the coalition in 1700, and ended 1721 with the conclusion of the
78:
301:
During September 1709 Norwegian forces were ordered to mobilise, and by the end of October 6,000 men were assembled on the Swedish border at
536:
Armaments emphasized the heavy guns, ammunition and supplies that would be necessary to take the strong border fortresses at Fredriksten in
955:
843:
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peace and the price Sweden had paid was already dear, with no hope in sight. All of Swedenâs Baltic and German possessions were lost.
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377:, held Sweden in the war until Charles finally returned from the Ottoman Empire, arriving in Swedish held
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515:. As a result of the failures, Commodore Tordenskjold was relieved of Command of the North Sea fleet.
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river, which would allow him to land the necessary provisions for a successful siege of Akershus.
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In Telemark, Olav Olavsson Hovdejord a local sheriff and leading farmer stood up against the German
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with only 200 dragoons, fighting valiantly but suffered serious losses including his own capture.
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ascended Sweden's throne in 1697, the opportunity appeared ripe for recapturing lost territory.
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141:. For Denmark, even more than the loss of territory, the continuous Swedish interference in
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warned Frederick IV, who didnât believe the General and dismissed him summarily.
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of the Dano-Norwegian fleet off BohuslÀn was charged with interdicting supplies.
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was reassigned to the Baltic Fleet, in command of the 64-gun ship of the line,
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430:. The Norwegians anticipated attack from Sweden might occur at Kongsvinger,
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273:, charged with the defense of Sweden, succeeded in defeating Denmark at the
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in south-eastern Norway with the objective of capturing them, particularly
458:
After a brief occupation of Christiania, Charles retraced his steps to the
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246:) in June 1709, and his army was virtually annihilated. He fled to the
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105:, establishing an empire. During this period Sweden had occupied the
81:. As a result of the war, Russia supplanted Sweden as the dominant
414:
that Charles XII was preparing to invade, all remaining troops in
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411:
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in the east. Despite another Swedish victory over the Danes at
815:
164:, who expected a reconquest of territory lost by his kingdom,
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in 1706-07, temporarily deposing him from the Polish throne.
200:
was founded between 1703 and 1707. Then Charles XII defeated
332:
struck Denmark, and Copenhagen alone lost 70,000 occupants.
679:
410:
was not famous as a visionary leader. When rumors reached
945:
by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. 1956
196:
in November, but regained the offensive and the city of
168:, to strengthen his domestic position. When the young
156:, who had also lost territory to Sweden, allied with
893:
The Struggle for Supremacy in the Baltic: 1600-1725
882:, by Andrina Stiles, Hodder & Stoughton, 1992
634:"Ulrik Christian GyldenlĂžve â dansk-norsk admiral"
269:In November 1709 Denmark invaded SkÄne and Count
895:by Jill Lisk; Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1967
35:Bringing Home the Body of King Karl XII of Sweden
305:while 1,500 were congregated near the border at
289:in December 1712, Stenbockâs army was forced to
89:, becoming a major player in European politics.
442:at Christiania, on March 19 LĂŒtzow withdrew to
8:
145:(supporting claims for lands in Danish held
373:Only the firmness of the Chancellor, Count
45:was the war fought between a coalition of
866:Learn how and when to remove this message
772:"Den store nordiske krig - 1709 til 1720"
531:. The North Sea fleet under Rear Admiral
238:Charles XII was defeated by Peter in the
829:This article includes a list of general
455:was unable to take Akershus Fortress.
29:
27:Role of Norway in the Great Northern War
557:
325:Army was forced to return to Norway.
250:and spent five years in exile there.
7:
291:surrender of the fortress of Tönning
349:), and a soldier's strike in 1720 (
277:in 1710. Meanwhile Russia captured
905:; Longman, Harlow, England; 2000
880:Sweden and the Baltic, 1523 - 1721
835:it lacks sufficient corresponding
213:Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway
149:) was a major bone of contention.
25:
566:"Norge i den store nordiske krig"
820:
192:Russia suffered a defeat in the
101:fought a series of wars in the
922:; Universitetsforlaget; 1987;
749:"Barthold Heinrich von LĂŒtzow"
422:were ordered to the border at
1:
774:. Terra Buskerud historieboka
18:Great Northern War and Norway
943:East Norway and its Frontier
899:The Northern Wars, 1558-1721
408:Barthold Heinrich von LĂŒtzow
160:, together with the duke of
956:Great Northern War Timeline
705:. Norsk biografisk leksikon
519:The 1718 Campaign in Norway
391:The 1716 Campaign in Norway
234:(Pierre-Denis Martin, 1726)
217:Ulrich Christian GyldenlĂžve
997:
328:In the autumn of 1711 the
726:"Olav Olavsson Hovdejord"
611:"Den store nordiske krig"
502:The 1717 Norwegian Hiatus
187:(Gustaf Cederström, 1905)
93:Setting the stage for war
37:(Gustaf Cederström. 1884)
703:"Caspar Herman Hausmann"
657:"Magnus, greve Stenbock"
939:, Chilton Company, 1958
850:more precise citations.
751:. Store norske leksikon
728:. Store norske leksikon
682:. Store norske leksikon
659:. Store norske leksikon
636:. Store norske leksikon
613:. Store norske leksikon
386:The Norwegian Campaigns
265:(Claus Moinichen. 1688)
242:(located in modern day
97:Between 1561 and 1658,
981:18th century in Norway
937:Hans Christian Adamson
590:. lokalhistoriewiki.no
401:Caspar Herman Hausmann
318:Caspar Herman Hausmann
266:
263:Capture of Helsingborg
235:
188:
85:on the shores of the
38:
588:"Store nordiske krig"
495:raid at Dynekil Fjord
369:The Fall of Stralsund
275:Battle of Helsingborg
261:
230:
183:
33:
678:Jon Gunnar Arntzen.
568:. University of Oslo
460:Norwegian fortresses
254:On the Western Front
933:Admiral Thunderbolt
794:"Andreas Rosenpalm"
476:Battle of Dynekilen
202:Augustus the Strong
123:Norwegian provinces
971:Great Northern War
796:. Den Store Danske
267:
236:
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152:In the late 1690s
79:Stockholm Treaties
69:) on one side and
43:Great Northern War
39:
916:Norges festninger
876:
875:
868:
533:Andreas Rosenpalm
491:Swedish Pomerania
440:Akershus fortress
365:for interfering.
240:Battle of Poltava
232:Battle of Poltava
223:Battle of Poltava
16:(Redirected from
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185:Victory at Narva
75:Treaty of Nystad
61:(from 1715 also
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487:Peter Wessel
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848:introducing
464:Fredriksten
428:Fredrikstad
412:Christiania
307:Kongsvinger
170:Charles XII
965:Categories
831:references
680:"LĂžvendal"
553:References
549:restored.
544:Conclusion
523:Commodore
509:Gothenburg
483:Johan Vibe
481:Commodore
375:Arvid Horn
347:Hallingdal
131:HĂ€rjedalen
87:Baltic Sea
77:, and the
513:Strömstad
444:Bragernes
379:Stralsund
303:Svinesund
297:In Norway
287:Gadebusch
208:In Norway
147:Schleswig
135:TrĂžndelag
529:Ebenezer
416:Ăsterdal
355:Akershus
351:Telemark
322:Sehested
143:Holstein
139:BohuslÀn
127:JĂ€mtland
121:and the
115:Blekinge
844:improve
800:June 1,
778:June 1,
755:June 1,
732:June 1,
709:June 1,
686:June 1,
663:June 1,
640:June 1,
617:June 1,
594:June 1,
572:June 1,
448:Drammen
397:Ăresund
362:captain
283:Estonia
279:Livonia
244:Ukraine
119:Halland
67:Hanover
63:Prussia
926:
909:
886:
833:, but
468:Glomma
424:Halden
330:plague
166:Poland
162:Saxony
154:Russia
107:Danish
103:Baltic
99:Sweden
71:Sweden
59:Poland
55:Saxony
51:Russia
432:Basmo
111:SkÄne
83:power
924:ISBN
907:ISBN
884:ISBN
802:2017
780:2017
757:2017
734:2017
711:2017
688:2017
665:2017
642:2017
619:2017
596:2017
574:2017
511:and
478:.
426:and
418:and
281:and
137:and
125:of
117:and
65:and
53:and
41:The
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918:by
901:by
446:in
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