728:, red-brown thighs, and a paired red-brown and black stripe up the flanks; the neck is rusty-gray, with black and white streaking down the front; the head is paler, with a nearly white face, and a pair of black or slate plumes runs from just above the eye to the back of the head. The feathers on the lower neck are long and plume-like; it also has plumes on the lower back at the start of the breeding season. The bill is dull yellowish, becoming orange briefly at the start of the breeding season, and the lower legs are gray, also becoming orangey at the start of the breeding season. Immature birds are duller in color, with a dull blackish-gray crown, and the flank pattern is only weakly defined; they have no plumes, and the bill is dull gray-yellow. Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 43–49.2 cm (16.9–19.4 in), the tail is 15.2–19.5 cm (6.0–7.7 in), the
1227:"). The size of these colonies may be large, ranging between five and 500 nests per colony, with an average around 160 nests per colony. A heronry is usually relatively close, usually within 4 to 5 km (2.5 to 3.1 mi), to ideal feeding spots. Heronry sites are usually difficult to reach on foot (e.g., islands, trees in swamps, high branches, etc.) to protect from potential mammalian predators. Trees of any type are used when available. When not, herons may nest on the ground, sagebrush, cacti, channel markers, artificial platforms, beaver mounds, and duck blinds. Other waterbirds (especially smaller herons) and, occasionally, even fish and mammal-eating raptors may nest amongst colonies.
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the night and the day, but especially around dawn and dusk. The most commonly employed hunting technique of the species is wading slowly with its long legs through shallow water and quickly spearing fish or frogs with its long, sharp bill. Although usually ponderous in movements, the great blue heron is adaptable in its fishing methods. Feeding behaviors variably have consisted of standing in one place, probing, pecking, walking at slow speeds, moving quickly, flying short distances and alighting, hovering over the water and picking up prey, diving headfirst into the water, alighting on water feet-first, jumping from perches feet-first, and swimming or floating on the surface of the water.
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1373:) managed to subdue and kill an adult great blue heron. Using its considerable size and dagger-like bill, a full-grown heron can be a formidable foe to a predator. In one instance, during an act of attempted predation by a golden eagle, a heron was able to mortally wound the eagle, although it succumbed to injuries sustained in the fight. When predation on an adult or chick occurs at a breeding colony, the colony can sometimes be abandoned by the other birds. The primary source of disturbance and breeding failures at heronries is human activities, mostly through human recreation or
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edge of the range (Alberta) and 80 days at the southern edge of the range (California), young herons take their first flight. They return to the nest to be fed for about another 3 weeks, following adults back from foraging grounds, and are likely to gradually disperse away from their original nest over the course of the ensuing winter. Young herons are not as successful at fish capture as adults, as strike rates are similar, but capture rates are about half that of adults during the first 2 months after fledging.
812:). The cocoi is distinguished by a striking white neck and solid black crown, but the duller juveniles are more easily confused. More superficially similar is the slightly smaller grey heron, which may sometimes appear as vagrants on the northern coasts of North America. The grey heron (which occupies the same ecological niche in Eurasia as the great blue heron) has very similar plumage, but has a solidly soft-gray neck. Erroneously, the great blue heron is sometimes referred to as a "crane". Herons and
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1219:, in trees close to lakes or other wetlands. Adults generally return to the colony site after winter from December (in warmer climes such as California and Florida) to March (in cooler areas such as Canada). Usually, colonies include only great blue herons, though sometimes they nest alongside other species of herons. These groups are called a
992:. While they can prey on various sizes of fish from small fingerlings to large adult fish, measuring 60 cm (24 in) in length and weighing around 900 g (2.0 lb), small to medium-sized fish around 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) are usually preferred. Primary prey fish is variable based on availability and abundance. In
1251:, which can measure from 50.7 to 76.5 mm (2.00 to 3.01 in) in length and 29 to 50.5 mm (1.14 to 1.99 in) in width, though the smallest eggs in the above sample may have been considered "runt eggs" too small to produce viable young. Egg weights range from 61 to 80 g (2.2 to 2.8 oz). One
697:; males are slightly larger than females, but otherwise the sexes are not easily outwardly distinguishable. It has head-to-tail length of 91–137 cm (36–54 in), a wingspan of 167–201 cm (66–79 in), a height of 115–138 cm (45–54 in), and a weight of 1.82–3.6 kg (4.0–7.9 lb). In
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As large wading birds, great blue herons are capable of feeding in deeper waters, thus are able to harvest from niche areas not open to most other heron species. Typically, the great blue heron feeds in shallow waters, usually less than 50 cm (20 in) deep, or at the water's edge during both
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feeders. Individuals usually forage while standing in water, but also feed in fields or drop from the air, or perch, into water. Mice are occasionally preyed on in upland areas far from the species' typical aquatic environments. Occasionally, loose flocks gather to feed, and may be beneficial since
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food. Parent birds have been shown to consume up to four times as much food when they are feeding young chicks (about 4300 kJ/day) than when laying or incubating eggs (about 1200 kJ/day). By the time they are 45 days old, the young weigh 86% of the adult's mass. After about 55 days at the northern
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is negatively affected by human disturbance, particularly during the beginning of nesting. Repeated human intrusion into nesting areas often results in nest failure, with abandonment of eggs or chicks. However, Vancouver B.C. Canada's
Stanley Park has had a healthy colony for some years right near
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in
Florida, males were found to average 3.02 kg (6.7 lb) and females average 2.57 kg (5.7 lb), with a range for both sexes of 2.0 to 3.4 kg (4.4 to 7.5 lb). This is mainly found near salt water, and was long thought to be a separate species. Birds intermediate between
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Although nests are often reused for many years and herons are socially monogamous within a single breeding season, individuals usually choose new mates each year. Males arrive at colonies first and settle on nests, where they court females; most males choose a different nest each year. Great blue
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is 12.3–15.2 cm (4.8–6.0 in), and the tarsus is 15.7–21 cm (6.2–8.3 in). The heron's stride is around 22 cm (8.7 in), almost in a straight line. Two of the three front toes are generally closer together. In a track, the front toes, as well as the back, often show the
1235:. Nests are usually around 50 cm (20 in) across when first constructed, but can grow to more than 120 cm (47 in) in width and 90 cm (35 in) deep with repeated use and additional construction. If the nest is abandoned or destroyed, the female may lay a replacement
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897:, they are year-round residents. However, their hardiness is such that individuals often remain through cold northern winters, as well, so long as fish-bearing waters remain unfrozen (which may be the case only in flowing water such as streams, creeks, and rivers).
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around 27 days, and hatch asynchronously over a period of several days. Males incubate for about 10.5 hours of each day, while females usually incubate for the remainder of each day and the night, with eggs left without incubation for about 6 minutes of each hour.
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Great blue herons rarely venture far from bodies of water, but are occasionally seen flying over upland areas. They usually nest in trees or bushes near water's edge, often on islands (which minimizes the potential for predation) or partially isolated spots.
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752:, for which "great white heron" was once a common name). The great white heron differs from other great blues in bill morphology, head plume length, and in having a total lack of pigment in its plumage. It averages somewhat larger than the sympatric race
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The first chick to hatch usually becomes more experienced in food handling and aggressive interactions with siblings, so often grows more quickly than the other chicks. Both parents feed the young at the nest by
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Hodgens, Lynn S., Steven C. Blumenshine, and James C. Bednarz. "Great blue heron predation on stocked rainbow trout in an
Arkansas tailwater fishery." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24.1 (2004):
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Cintra-Buenrostro, Carlos E., and
Jessica E. Cifuentes-Lujan. "PREDATION OF EASTERN COTTONTAIL RABBIT (SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS) BY GREAT BLUE HERON (ARDEA HERODIAS)." TEXAS ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY 52 (2019):
1394:, Second Edition (published, London 1827–1838) as Plate 161. The image was engraved and colored by Robert Havell's London workshops. The original watercolor by Audubon was purchased by the
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492:), which is somewhat smaller (90–98 cm (35–39 in)), and sports a pale gray neck and legs, lacking the brown hues of the great blue heron. The great blue heron forms a
1942:. Biological report 82(10.99). Washington, DC : Western Energy and Land Use Team, Division of Biological Services, Research and Development, Fish and Wildlife Service
1548:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata
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Elliot L, Gerhardt C, Davidson C (2009) The frogs and toads of North
America: a comprehensive guide to their identification, behavior and calls. Mariner Books, Boston
800:) could be mistaken for the great blue heron, but are much smaller, and lack white on the head and yellow in the bill. At the southernmost extent of its range (e.g.,
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Parker, Michael S. "Opportunistic predation by a great blue heron on an american dipper." The Wilson bulletin (Wilson
Ornithological Society) 105.4 (1993): 698-699.
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3013:
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Custer, T. W., R. G. Osborn, and W. F. Stout. 1980. Distribution, species abundance, and nesting-site use of
Atlantic Coast colonies of herons and their allies.
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Stickley Jr, Allen R., et al. "Impact of great blue heron depredations on channel catfish farms." Journal of the World
Aquaculture Society 26.2 (1995): 194-199.
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3178:
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Paul C. Palmer, Great Blue Heron Kills and
Carries Off an Eastern Cottontail Rabbit, Department Of History, Texas A&I University, Kingsville, Texas 78363
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1341:) killed a subadult great blue heron. Adult herons have few natural predators and are rarely preyed upon due to their large size and sharp beak, but
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1991:
Forbes, L. Scott. "Feeding behaviour of great blue herons at
Creston, British Columbia." Canadian journal of zoology 65.12 (1987): 3062-3067.
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Herons locate their food by sight and usually swallow it whole. They have been known to choke on prey that is too large. They are generally
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its main entrance and tennis courts adjacent to English Bay and not far from Lost Lagoon. The park's colony has had as many as 183 nests.
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the normal morph and the white morph are known as Würdemann's heron; these birds resemble a "normal" great blue with a white head.
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1982:
Baird, Spencer Fullerton, Thomas Mayo Brewer, and Robert Ridgway. The water birds of North America. Vol. 1. Little, Brown,, 1884.
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to far northwestern South America (regular in Colombia and Venezuela, accidental elsewhere in South America). Birds east of the
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The great blue heron is the largest heron native to North America. Among all extant herons, it is surpassed in size only by the
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are easiest to differentiate in flight; cranes hold their necks straight when flying, but herons bend theirs into an S shape.
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1349:) are known to attack great blue herons at every stage of their lifecycle from in the egg to adulthood. And less frequently,
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The great blue heron can adapt to almost any wetland habitat in its range. It may be found in numbers in fresh and saltwater
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1333:) are known to take larger nestlings or fledglings, and in the latter predator, many eggs. In exceptional case, a young
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Simpson, K., J. N. M. Smith, and J. P. Kelsall. 1987. Correlates and consequences of coloniality in Great Blue Herons.
1143:) was also found in pellets during the study. There are reports that great blue heron prey on both young and adults of
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is raised each year. First broods are laid generally from March to April. Eggs are usually laid at two-day intervals,
912:. It is quite adaptable and may be seen in heavily developed areas as long as they hold bodies of fish-bearing water.
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Reproductive success, growth of nestlings and foraging behaviour of the Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias herodias L.)
1488:
641:
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Monson, Gale. “Great Blue Heron Killed by Bobcat.” The Wilson Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 4, 1951, pp. 334–334. JSTOR,
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Kelsall, J. P. and K. Simpson. 1980. A three-year study of the Great Blue Heron in southwestern British Columbia.
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1952:
1827:
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Bayer, R. D. (1981). "Arrival and departure frequencies of Great Blue Herons at two Oregon Estuarine Colonies".
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1832:
846:
824:
808:), the great blue heron sometimes overlaps in range with the closely related and similarly sized cocoi heron (
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721:), although only slightly taller than them, but they weigh only about half as much as a large goliath heron.
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893:, Central America, or northern South America. From the Southern United States southwards, and on the lower
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Andrle, R. F. 1988. The Atlas of Breeding Birds in New York State. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York.
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Stolen, ERIC D. "Great Blue Heron eating a Pied-billed Grebe." Florida Field Naturalist 29.3 (2001): 87.
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2501:(A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:
713:, both sexes averaged 2.09 kg (4.6 lb) Thus, great blue herons are roughly twice as heavy as
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Breeding biology and food habits of the Great Blue Heron at Heyburn State Park, Benewah County, Idaho
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Brandman, M. 1976. A quantitative analysis of the annual cycle of behavior in the Great Blue Heron (
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Wolf, B. O. and S. L. Jones. 1989. Great Blue Heron Deaths Caused by Predation on Pacific Lamprey.
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701:, adult males averaged 2.48 kg (5.5 lb) and adult females 2.11 kg (4.7 lb). In
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and aquatic insects are taken as supplementary prey. They also prey on small mammals including
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Santy, D. 1964. A recollection of an encounter between a Golden Eagle and a Great Blue Heron.
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1711:"Great Blue Herons, Great Blue Heron Pictures, Great Blue Heron Facts – National Geographic"
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Sutton, George Miksch. "Great blue heron swallows large snake." The Auk 63.1 (1946): 97-99.
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Woodward, H. D., & Trussell, R. W. (2003). Lone Harris's Hawk kills Great Blue Heron.
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1421:. They were chosen for their local connection, as well as their quickness when hunting.
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980:
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Butler RW. The Great Blue Heron. In Birds of North America (ed: Poole and Gill), No. 25
2016:
Hom, C. W. 1983. Foraging ecology of herons in a southern San Francisco Bay saltmarsh.
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of South America, which differs in having more extensive black on the head and a white
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over most of North and Central America, as well as far northwestern South America, the
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The great blue heron (with its color changed to orange) is the basis of logos for the
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The subspecies differ only slightly in size and plumage tone, with the exception of
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Notable features of great blue herons include slaty (gray with a slight azure blue)
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784:), but is larger, with yellow legs as opposed to the great egret's black legs. The
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Houston, C. Stuart, Dwight G. Smith and Christoph Rohner. 1998. Great Horned Owl (
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Besides fish, it is also known to feed on a wide range of prey opportunistically.
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2003:
Butler, R. 1991. Habitat selection and time of breeding in the Great Blue Heron (
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Dolesh, Richard J. (April 1984). "Lord of the Shallows — The Great Blue Heron".
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Quinney, T. E. 1982. Growth, diet, and mortality of nestling Great Blue Herons.
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The great blue heron is found throughout most of North America, as far north as
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southern Florida, Caribbean islands, formerly known as a separate species, the
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of the great blue heron, a subspecies of it, or an entirely separate species.
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709:, adult herons of both sexes averaged 2.23 kg (4.9 lb), while in
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Olendorff, R. R. (1976). The food habits of North American golden eagles.
2102:. The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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The great blue heron was one of the many species originally described by
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North American range (also in far northwestern South America, not shown)
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and is a rare vagrant to Europe. An all-white population found in south
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Forbes, L. S. 1987. Predation on Great Blue Herons: is it important?.
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1365:) are known to take adults. There is a single report that a large
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768:) from the great blue heron has again been given some support by
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Bent, A. C. 1926. Life histories of North American marsh birds.
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The "great white heron" could be confused with the great egret (
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2581:"David Beckham's MLS Expansion Team Has a Name: Inter Miami CF"
2555:"Great Orange Heron: The Story Behind the Delmarva Shorebirds"
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The theory that great white herons may be a separate species (
1858:
National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America
466:
1772:. contract rept. No. KL229-5-7077. Can. Wildl. Serv. Ottawa.
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The great white heron is unique to South Florida, including
30:
This article is about the bird. For the music festival, see
1902:
Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Volume 42
1860:(7 ed.). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
1413:
Great white herons feature prominently in the logo for the
1410:
minor league baseball team from the team's 1996 inception.
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and may be the largest race in the species. In a survey of
740:, native to South Florida, which also has a distinct white
2428:
Foss, E. 1980. A black bear in a Great Blue Heron colony.
1020:. California herons were found to live mostly on sculpin,
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in the summer. In winter, the range extends south through
2377:
Vermeer, K. 1969. Great Blue Heron colonies in Alberta.
2100:
The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago
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showed that from 24 to 40% of the diet was made up of
431:. Debate exists about whether these white birds are a
1745:
Factors affecting reproduction in Great Blue Herons (
1550:(in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 105.
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they are able to locate schools of fish more easily.
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1462:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T181500967A181565357.en
1738:
1736:
1999:
1997:
1940:Habitat suitability index models Great blue heron
2615:. Vol. 165, no. 4. pp. 540–554.
2417:Great Blue Herons and raccoons at Nicolle Flats
1953:"Great Blue Heron admitted to the British List"
1856:Dunn, Jon L.; Alderfer, Jonathan, eds. (2017).
2657:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
2326:. Stanley Park Ecology Society. Archived from
2290:. Stanley Park Ecology Society. Archived from
1938:Short, Henry L. and Cooper, Robert J. (1985).
1643:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, 2nd Edition
1519:""Great White" Heron – not just a color morph"
1512:
1510:
1075:. They can take on sizeable snakes, including
403:, common near the shores of open water and in
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
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2007:). PhD Thesis. Univ. of Brit. Col. Vancouver.
988:The primary food for the great blue heron is
8:
2503:http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/372
1666:del Hoyo, J; Elliot, A; Sargatal, J (1996).
1607:del Hoyo, J; Elliot, A; Sargatal, J (1992).
1564:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1377:, as well as by egg-collectors and hunters.
1079:105 cm (41 in) in length. Aquatic
496:with the grey heron which also includes the
2184:. Canadian Wildlife Service. Archived from
457:
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940:Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge
342:
193:
161:
136:
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2182:"Hinterland Who's Who – Great Blue Heron"
1460:
2368:). PhD Thesis. Univ. Calif. Los Angeles.
1978:
1976:
1974:
1285:Predators of eggs and nestlings include
908:swamps, flooded meadows, lake edges, or
885:in the northern part of their range are
513:
2134:. Master's Thesis. Univ. Idaho, Moscow.
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1517:Sibley, David Allen (5 November 2007).
1429:
1247:The female lays three to six pale blue
889:and winter in the coastal areas of the
543:most of North America, except as below
2404:Raccoon predation on Great Blue Herons
2082:
2080:
2049:
2047:
2045:
1768:Quinney, T. E. and P. C. Smith. 1979.
2669:at eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
2279:Worcester, Robyn (23 February 2014).
1916:Peterson Field Guide to Animal Tracks
1882:Manual of Neotropical Birds, Volume 1
1636:
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1600:
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1567:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
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7:
3204:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
3136:02060FF4-A6B8-470C-A107-2A1F64FC2BA9
2892:e9783679-49a7-4135-864b-480d6756311e
2559:Chris Creamer's SportsLogos.Net News
1388:illustrates the great blue heron in
480:The great blue heron's niche in the
3179:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area
3159:IUCN Red List least concern species
2515:http://www.jstor.org/stable/4158020
2317:"Stanley Park Heron Colony History"
1448:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1151:). Though not often, birds such as
839:Perched on a tree in a cemetery in
32:The Great Blue Heron Music Festival
2579:Creditor, Avi (5 September 2018).
1717:. 13 December 2012. Archived from
1669:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1610:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1495:. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
976:Eating a small fish, the main prey
415:. It is occasionally found in the
25:
2667:Explore Species: Great Blue Heron
2499:The Birds of North America Online
1799:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
1797:John B. Dunning Jr., ed. (1992).
1641:John B. Dunning Jr., ed. (2008).
693:). It exhibits a minor degree of
453:. The scientific name comes from
2661:Great Blue Heron Species Account
640:
617:
580:
548:
528:
218:
3189:Birds of the Dominican Republic
2928:great-blue-heron-ardea-herodias
2553:Caputo, Paul (13 August 2017).
2054:Naumann, Robert (16 May 2000).
1884:. University Of Chicago Press,
1437:BirdLife International (2020).
1215:This species usually breeds in
1004:, the primary prey species are
2675:Great blue heron photo gallery
1715:Animals.nationalgeographic.com
1059:are readily taken, as well as
374: Present during migration
1:
2469:Proc. Colonial Waterbird Grp.
968:Great blue heron catches fish
748:(not to be confused with the
2677:at VIREO (Drexel University)
2663:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
2645:– Close-ups from Plate 161,
2379:Can. Field-Nat. '83:237-242.
1223:(a more specific term than "
609:, sightings in southeastern
484:is filled by the congeneric
473:
176:Cayo Guillermo National Park
41:Not to be confused with the
3199:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2482:American Midland Naturalist
2236:. Univ. Nevada Press, Reno.
1880:Blake, Emmett Reid (1977).
1396:New-York Historical Society
1231:herons build a bulky stick
3220:
2643:Audubon's Great Blue Heron
2443:Journal of Raptor Research
1753:Univ. Brit. Col. Vancouver
1700:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1613:. Vol. 1. Barcelona:
1455:: e.T181500967A181565357.
919:It has been recorded as a
467:
447:in his 18th-century work,
40:
29:
1828:The Sibley Guide to Birds
1561:Jobling, James A (2010).
828:With nesting material in
477:), both meaning "heron".
350:
341:
320:
313:
215:Scientific classification
213:
191:
182:
169:
160:
144:
135:
52:
2234:Birds of the Great Basin
2232:Ryser, Jr., F. A. 1985.
1833:National Audubon Society
1347:Haliaeetus leucocephalus
820:Distribution and habitat
3194:Birds described in 1758
2517:. Accessed 5 Feb. 2023.
36:Great Blue Heron Casino
3184:Birds of North America
2415:Hjertaas, D. G. 1982.
2281:"Great Blue Heron FAQ"
2087:Gunpat, Sacha (2012).
1268:
1212:
1157:Laterallus jamaicensis
996:, 98% of the diet was
985:
984:On a slow-flying glide
977:
969:
891:Southern United States
858:
843:
832:
674:
458:
362: Year-round range
34:. For the casino, see
3079:Paleobiology Database
2402:Lopinot, A. C. 1952.
2353:U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull.
2324:stanleyparkecology.ca
2288:stanleyparkecology.ca
2130:Collazo, J. A. 1979.
1914:Murie & Elbroch,
1307:Corvus brachyrhynchos
1266:
1210:
1149:Sylvilagus floridanus
983:
975:
967:
942:in the Florida Keys.
849:
838:
827:
672:
368: Wintering range
170:White form, possibly
2887:Fauna Europaea (new)
2587:. Sports Illustrated
2419:. Blue Jay 40:36-41.
2297:on 18 September 2015
1743:Simpson, K. (1984).
1339:Parabuteo unicinctus
1319:American black bears
391:) is a large wading
356: Breeding range
2652:Great Blue Heron -
2612:National Geographic
2456:Colonial Waterbirds
2188:on 23 November 2007
2093:(Great Blue Heron)"
2018:Colonial Waterbirds
1751:(Master's Thesis).
1489:"Great White Heron"
1415:Major League Soccer
1408:Delmarva Shorebirds
1375:habitat destruction
1187:) are also taken.
1177:Podilymbus podiceps
1145:eastern cottontails
1137:long-tailed weasels
687:white-bellied heron
185:Conservation status
59:Pleistocene–present
1721:on 7 February 2010
1386:John James Audubon
1269:
1213:
1173:pied-billed grebes
1133:Ondatra zibethicus
1049:American bullfrogs
986:
978:
970:
867:Canadian provinces
859:
844:
833:
758:A. h. occidentalis
738:A. h. occidentalis
675:
655:Galápagos Islands
625:A. h. occidentalis
172:A. h. occidentalis
3146:
3145:
2689:Taxon identifiers
2060:great blue heron"
1890:978-0-226-05641-8
1808:978-0-8493-4258-5
1652:978-1-4200-6444-5
1578:978-1-4081-2501-4
1359:great horned owls
1355:Aquila chrysaetos
1315:Buteo jamaicensis
1169:Cinclus mexicanus
965:
865:and the southern
852:brown water snake
794:little blue heron
790:Egretta rufescens
746:great white heron
695:sexual dimorphism
670:
659:
658:
652:
634:great white heron
629:
595:
565:Pacific Northwest
560:
540:
429:great white heron
413:Galápagos Islands
379:
378:
208:
16:(Redirected from
3211:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3071:great-blue-heron
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3008:
3006:NHMSYS0001689398
2996:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2969:
2957:
2956:
2944:
2943:
2931:
2930:
2918:
2917:
2915:great-blue-heron
2908:
2907:
2895:
2894:
2882:
2881:
2869:
2868:
2856:
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2843:
2842:
2830:
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2768:
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2765:93694BB5492F7012
2755:
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2742:
2741:
2731:
2730:
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2716:
2715:
2714:
2684:
2647:Birds of America
2632:
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2569:
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2550:
2544:
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2531:
2524:
2518:
2511:
2505:
2495:Bubo virginianus
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2433:
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2420:
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2014:
2008:
2001:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1969:
1968:
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1936:
1919:
1918:, pg. 334 (2005)
1912:
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1514:
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1504:
1502:
1500:
1485:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1434:
1391:Birds of America
1363:Bubo virginianus
1323:Ursus americanus
1311:Red-tailed hawks
1179:) and chicks of
1165:American dippers
1113:ground squirrels
1002:British Columbia
966:
798:Egretta caerulea
699:British Columbia
671:
650:
644:
627:
621:
590:
584:
558:
552:
538:
532:
514:
476:
470:
469:
461:
427:is known as the
383:great blue heron
373:
367:
361:
355:
346:
326:
306:A. herodias
223:
222:
202:
197:
196:
165:
140:
130:
60:
56:Temporal range:
53:Great blue heron
50:
21:
18:Great Blue Heron
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3214:
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3210:
3209:
3208:
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3077:
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3051:
3043:
3040:Observation.org
3038:
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2691:
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2608:
2605:
2603:Further reading
2600:
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2573:
2563:
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2551:
2547:
2538:
2534:
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2492:
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2466:
2462:
2453:
2449:
2445:, 37(1), 85-86.
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2436:
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2397:
2388:
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2376:
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2363:
2359:
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2346:
2336:
2334:
2333:on 16 June 2017
2330:
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2068:
2066:
2064:Animaldiversity
2053:
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2043:
2037:
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2015:
2011:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1972:
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1699:
1695:
1688:
1672:. Vol. 3.
1665:
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1477:
1467:
1465:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1404:
1402:Popular culture
1383:
1287:turkey vultures
1283:
1205:
1141:Mustela frenata
1119:. One study in
955:
953:
948:
883:Rocky Mountains
822:
778:
776:Similar species
766:A. occidentalis
744:, known as the
726:flight feathers
666:
664:
450:Systema Naturae
441:
375:
371:
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147:Conestogo River
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27:Species of bird
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3171:
3166:
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3151:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3127:
3123:Ardea-herodias
3114:
3101:
3088:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3036:
3023:
3010:
2997:
2984:
2971:
2958:
2945:
2932:
2919:
2909:
2896:
2883:
2874:Fauna Europaea
2870:
2857:
2844:
2831:
2818:
2805:
2795:
2782:
2769:
2756:
2752:Ardea_herodias
2743:
2732:
2727:Ardea herodias
2717:
2701:
2699:
2697:Ardea herodias
2693:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2654:Ardea herodias
2649:
2638:
2637:External links
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2366:Ardea herodias
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2091:Ardea herodias
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2009:
2005:Ardea herodias
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1959:. 14 July 2008
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1441:Ardea herodias
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1419:Inter Miami CF
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1303:American crows
1291:Cathartes aura
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1063:such as small
952:
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733:small talons.
691:Ardea insignis
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567:from southern
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539:Linnaeus, 1758
536:A. h. herodias
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2406:. Auk 68:235.
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1844:
1842:0-679-45122-6
1838:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1801:. CRC Press.
1800:
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1697:
1694:
1689:
1687:84-87334-20-2
1683:
1679:
1678:Lynx Edicions
1675:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1645:. CRC Press.
1644:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1624:84-87334-10-5
1620:
1616:
1615:Lynx Edicions
1612:
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1574:
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1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1524:
1523:Sibley Guides
1520:
1513:
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1507:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1463:
1458:
1454:
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1449:
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1422:
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1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:golden eagles
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:Harris's hawk
1332:
1331:Procyon lotor
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:common ravens
1292:
1288:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:regurgitating
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
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1234:
1228:
1226:
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1188:
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1134:
1130:
1127:. Remains of
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
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1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:leopard frogs
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
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991:
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945:
943:
941:
936:
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930:
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917:
913:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
895:Pacific coast
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
853:
848:
842:
837:
831:
826:
819:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:reddish egret
783:
775:
773:
771:
767:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:Ardea goliath
680:
679:goliath heron
661:
654:
649:
648:A. h. cognata
646:
643:
639:
638:
635:
631:
628:Audubon, 1835
626:
623:
620:
616:
615:
612:
608:
604:
600:
597:
593:
589:
586:
583:
579:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
559:Chapman, 1901
557:
556:A. h. fannini
554:
551:
547:
546:
542:
537:
534:
531:
527:
526:
523:Distribution
522:
519:
516:
515:
512:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Ardea cinerea
487:
483:
478:
475:
465:
464:Ancient Greek
460:
456:
452:
451:
446:
445:Carl Linnaeus
438:
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430:
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422:
418:
414:
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398:
394:
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389:
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349:
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316:
315:Binomial name
312:
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206:
201:
200:Least Concern
190:
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168:
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159:
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120:
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100:
95:
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85:
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70:
65:
51:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
3174:Wading birds
2696:
2680:
2653:
2610:
2591:19 September
2589:. Retrieved
2584:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2558:
2548:
2540:
2535:
2527:
2522:
2509:
2498:
2494:
2489:
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2468:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2391:Wilson Bull.
2390:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2328:the original
2323:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2292:the original
2287:
2274:
2265:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2067:. Retrieved
2063:
2057:
2034:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2004:
1987:
1961:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1915:
1910:
1901:
1896:
1881:
1876:
1857:
1851:
1826:
1817:
1798:
1792:
1783:
1777:
1769:
1748:
1744:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:the original
1714:
1705:
1696:
1667:
1661:
1642:
1608:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:
1497:. Retrieved
1492:
1466:. Retrieved
1452:
1446:
1440:
1432:
1412:
1405:
1389:
1384:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1299:Corvus corax
1298:
1290:
1284:
1270:
1246:
1241:Reproduction
1229:
1214:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1097:grasshoppers
1077:water snakes
1038:
1006:sticklebacks
987:
937:
923:in England,
918:
914:
899:
860:
809:
797:
789:
781:
779:
770:David Sibley
765:
763:
757:
753:
745:
737:
735:
723:
718:
715:great egrets
690:
682:
676:
647:
633:
624:
605:to northern
587:
555:
535:
506:
494:superspecies
489:
479:
448:
442:
428:
425:Florida Keys
387:
386:
382:
380:
323:
321:
305:
304:
292:
171:
47:
3092:SeaLifeBase
3027:Neotropical
2988:NatureServe
2936:iNaturalist
2721:Wikispecies
2543:65:572-577.
2458:10:120-122.
2393:94:571-577.
2223:97:591-600.
2210:91:482–484.
2192:23 November
2069:19 December
1957:Bird Guides
1725:19 December
1544:Linnaeus, C
1528:6 September
1499:6 September
1468:11 November
1343:bald eagles
1211:At the nest
1181:marsh terns
1153:black rails
1101:dragonflies
1081:crustaceans
1057:salamanders
994:Nova Scotia
754:A. h. wardi
750:great egret
707:New England
703:Nova Scotia
662:Description
651:Bangs, 1903
588:A. h. wardi
498:cocoi heron
433:color morph
43:great egret
3153:Categories
3118:Xeno-canto
2484:, 231-236.
1823:Sibley, D.
1786:: 589–595.
1425:References
1371:Lynx rufus
1185:Chlidonias
1161:phalaropes
1041:Amphibians
1032:, and top
931:, and the
910:shorelines
877:, and the
782:Ardea alba
719:Ardea alba
685:) and the
575:; coastal
573:Washington
520:Subspecies
509:subspecies
504:and neck.
486:grey heron
151:St. Jacobs
2980:181500967
2629:643483454
2621:0027-9358
2530:, 22: 55.
1674:Barcelona
1281:Predation
1257:incubated
1083:(such as
925:Greenland
887:migratory
879:Caribbean
850:Eating a
571:south to
507:The five
482:Old World
409:Caribbean
300:Species:
238:Kingdom:
232:Eukaryota
2993:2.100203
2954:10192848
2778:22696998
2773:BirdLife
2706:Wikidata
2564:15 April
2528:Blue Jay
2471:3:69-74.
2430:Murrelet
2337:2 August
2301:2 August
2020:6:37-44.
1825:(2000).
1546:(1758).
1327:raccoons
1267:Juvenile
1217:colonies
1203:Breeding
1192:solitary
1129:muskrats
1085:crayfish
1061:reptiles
1043:such as
1030:flounder
1014:sculpins
998:flounder
946:Behavior
906:mangrove
841:New York
830:Illinois
810:A. cocoi
802:Colombia
603:Oklahoma
439:Taxonomy
423:and the
411:and the
405:wetlands
401:Ardeidae
331:Linnaeus
282:Ardeidae
278:Family:
252:Chordata
248:Phylum:
242:Animalia
228:Domain:
205:IUCN 3.1
3131:ZooBank
3032:grbher3
2905:9630752
2827:grbher3
2801:grbher3
2760:Avibase
2712:Q333796
2432:61:113.
1784:The Auk
1571:, 190.
1493:fws.gov
1325:), and
1301:), and
1225:rookery
1221:heronry
1073:lizards
1065:turtles
1010:gunnels
921:vagrant
902:marshes
871:Florida
856:Florida
611:Georgia
607:Florida
592:Ridgway
474:erōdios
468:ἐρῳδιός
421:Florida
399:family
395:in the
288:Genus:
268:Order:
258:Class:
203: (
178:, Cuba
155:Ontario
149:, near
145:In the
125:↓
3169:Herons
3110:159382
3097:155197
3084:110948
3058:159382
2967:174773
2912:GNAB:
2861:EURING
2853:100732
2840:ARDEHE
2740:grblhe
2627:
2619:
2208:Condor
2039:63-75.
1963:29 May
1888:
1864:
1839:
1805:
1684:
1649:
1621:
1575:
1381:In art
1367:bobcat
1357:) and
1237:clutch
1135:) and
1115:, and
1105:shrews
1089:shrimp
1069:snakes
1016:, and
933:Azores
929:Hawaii
875:Mexico
863:Alaska
814:cranes
806:Panama
792:) and
730:culmen
711:Oregon
599:Kansas
594:, 1882
569:Alaska
502:breast
462:, and
417:Azores
372:
366:
360:
354:
3105:WoRMS
3045:73459
3019:56072
2949:IRMNG
2879:96659
2848:EUNIS
2822:eBird
2798:BOW:
2791:10048
2331:(PDF)
2320:(PDF)
2295:(PDF)
2284:(PDF)
2096:(PDF)
1417:club
1253:brood
1125:voles
1121:Idaho
1117:moles
1093:crabs
1053:toads
1034:smelt
1026:perch
1018:perch
1000:. In
742:morph
517:Image
511:are:
459:ardea
455:Latin
397:heron
293:Ardea
174:, in
3066:ODNR
3053:OBIS
3014:NCBI
2975:IUCN
2962:ITIS
2941:4956
2900:GBIF
2866:1230
2835:EPPO
2814:GCHW
2786:BOLD
2625:OCLC
2617:ISSN
2593:2018
2566:2020
2497:)',
2355:135.
2339:2017
2303:2017
2194:2007
2071:2012
1965:2021
1886:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1803:ISBN
1727:2012
1682:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1573:ISBN
1530:2018
1501:2018
1470:2021
1453:2020
1249:eggs
1233:nest
1109:rats
1091:and
1071:and
1055:and
1022:bass
990:fish
951:Diet
804:and
705:and
673:Call
601:and
563:the
393:bird
381:The
335:1758
262:Aves
64:PreꞒ
3001:NBN
2923:IBC
2809:CoL
2747:ADW
2736:ABA
2221:Auk
2144:17.
1457:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
