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are ejected by cometary nuclei, due to solar heating. A crucial factor in how bright a comet becomes is how large and how active its nucleus is. After many returns to the inner Solar System, cometary nuclei become depleted in volatile materials and thus are much less bright than comets which are
155:, which during certain appearances are bright enough to be noticed by casual observers who are not looking for them, and become well known outside the astronomical community. Great comets appear at irregular, unpredictable intervals, on average about once per
260:
of about 17 to about 2.8 in a period of only 42 hours, making it visible to the naked eye. All these temporarily made comet 17P the largest (by radius) object in the Solar System although its nucleus is estimated to be only about 3.4 km in diameter.
273:
of its distance from the Sun. That is, if an object's distance from the Sun is halved, its brightness is quadrupled. However, comets behave differently, due to their ejection of large amounts of volatile gas which then also reflect sunlight and may also
255:
in 2007 showed the importance of the activity of the nucleus in the comet's brightness. On
October 23–24, 2007, the comet underwent a sudden outburst which caused it to brighten by factor of about half a million. It unexpectedly brightened from an
324:(C/1996 B2) appeared very bright and spectacular due to its very close approach to Earth at its nearest during March 1996. Its passage near the Earth was one of the closest cometary approaches on record with a distance of 0.1
159:. Although comets are officially named after their discoverers, great comets are sometimes also referred to by the year in which they appeared great, using the formulation "The Great Comet of ...", followed by the year.
202:. However, occasionally a comet may brighten to naked eye visibility, and even more rarely it may become as bright as or brighter than the brightest stars. The requirements for this to occur are: a large and active
320:, its closest approach to Earth was almost the most distant possible. The comet became visible to the naked eye, but was unspectacular. On the other hand, the intrinsically small and faint
278:. Their brightness varies roughly as the inverse cube of their distance from the Sun, meaning that if a comet's distance from the Sun is halved, it will become eight times as bright.
218:
did not approach the Sun very closely, but had an exceptionally large and active nucleus. It was visible to the naked eye for several months and was very widely observed. Similarly,
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214:. A comet fulfilling all three of these criteria will certainly be very bright. Sometimes, a comet failing on one criterion will still be bright. For example,
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Cometary nuclei vary in size from a few hundreds of metres across or less to many kilometres across. When they approach the Sun, large amounts of
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This means that the peak brightness of a comet depends significantly on its distance from the Sun. For most comets, the
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The vast majority of comets are never bright enough to be seen by the naked eye, and generally pass through the inner
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that becomes exceptionally bright. There is no official definition; often the term is attached to comets such as
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823:. Lithotyped by Cowles and Company, 17 Washington St., Boston. Press of Geo. C. Rand & Avery. 1858. p.
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of their orbit lies outside the Earth's orbit. Any comet approaching the Sun to within 0.5
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was a relatively small comet, but appeared bright because it passed very close to the Earth.
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761:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology (Solar System Dynamics)
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For a comet to become very bright, it also needs to pass close to the Earth.
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The
Greatest Comets in History: Broom Stars and Celestial Scimitars
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C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
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Great comets of the past two millennia include the following:
357:
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29:
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C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet
Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
269:
The brightness of a simple reflective body varies with the
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293:) or less may have a chance of becoming a great comet.
308:'s 1986 apparition was unusually modest in brightness.
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239:
making their first passage through the Solar System.
955:
Bond, G.P. (1850). "On the great comet of 1844-45".
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
844:. Springer Science + Business Media. p. 99.
781:The Comet of 44 B.C. and Caesar's Funeral Games
779:Ramsey, John T. & Licht, A. Lewis (1997),
3736:
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8:
926:. Cambridge University Press: 72–77. 2015.
872:. Cambridge University Press: 49–50. 2015.
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802:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1023:John E. Bortle (W. R. Brooks Observatory)
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2726:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
2701:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
2636:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
752:
750:
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746:
744:
742:
740:
174:
4004:
2736:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
700:
795:
2676:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
7:
1316:List of comets visited by spacecraft
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2761:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
906:Physical Characteristics of Comets
25:
2901:C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)
2681:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
908:. Moscow: Fizmatgiz. p. 102.
4055:
4043:
4031:
4019:
4007:
3705:
3704:
2751:C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)
1129:
1123:
1036:Brightest comets seen since 1935
757:Donald K. Yeomans (April 2007).
361:
226:Size and activity of the nucleus
34:
2845:C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)
2731:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
2721:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
2696:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
2671:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
2666:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
2661:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
2656:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
2651:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
2646:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
2615:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
2610:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
2605:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
2600:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
2595:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
1258:Observational history of comets
45:needs additional citations for
2880:C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)
2870:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
2277:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
210:, and a close approach to the
1:
2865:C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)
1347:C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)
992:"The Bright Comet Chronicles"
838:David A. J. Seargent (2009).
2906:C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)
2828:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
2428:D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)
2337:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
1829:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
1027:Memorable Comets of the Past
932:10.1017/CBO9781316145166.016
878:10.1017/CBO9781316145166.010
584:Great Southern Comet of 1865
2397:226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski
1769:45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková
1749:41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák
1280:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
1019:The bright-comet chronicles
610:Great January Comet of 1910
297:Close approach to the Earth
27:Exceptionally bright comets
4114:
2786:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
2766:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
2706:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
2691:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
1311:List of missions to comets
621:Comet Skjellerup–Maristany
251:The sudden brightening of
206:, a close approach to the
139:as the Great Comet of 2007
3767:
3752:Small Solar System bodies
3700:
3071:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
3016:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
2716:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
2631:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
2590:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
2556:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
1924:76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura
1879:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
1524:
1506:
1456:(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
1121:
1078:
820:The Living Age, Volume 58
759:"Great Comets in History"
265:Close perihelion approach
2776:C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)
2711:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
2686:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
1909:73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
1699:31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
1689:29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
1362:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
957:The Astronomical Journal
198:unseen by anyone except
4088:Observational astronomy
3251:de Kock–Paraskevopoulos
3106:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
2307:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
1599:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
1447:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
1290:Small Solar System body
349:The Great Comet of 1843
3877:Trans-Neptunian object
3086:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
3081:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
2926:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
2823:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
2803:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
2402:271P/van Houten–Lemmon
2362:107P/Wilson–Harrington
2357:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
2327:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
2203:4015 Wilson–Harrington
2047:147P/Kushida–Muramatsu
2012:107P/Wilson–Harrington
2002:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
1814:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
355:
328:(15 million
309:
289:(75 million
247:
191:
167:
140:
3604:Spacewatch–Rabinowitz
3166:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
3116:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
3096:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
3061:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
3041:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
2986:C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)
2976:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
2956:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
2921:C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)
2916:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
2911:C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)
2746:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
2392:206P/Barnard–Boattini
1914:74P/Smirnova–Chernykh
1824:56P/Slaughter–Burnham
1719:35P/Herschel–Rigollet
1466:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
1427:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
1357:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
1332:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
924:Atlas of Great Comets
920:"Great Comet of 1664"
870:Atlas of Great Comets
866:"Great Comet of 1471"
422:Great Comet of 178 AC
347:
304:
245:
178:
165:
135:
3850:Distant minor planet
3584:Skjellerup–Maristany
3121:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
3031:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
3021:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
2996:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
2981:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
2936:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
2850:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
2520:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
2508:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
2347:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
1904:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
1804:52P/Harrington–Abell
1779:47P/Ashbrook–Jackson
1674:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
1649:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
902:Vsekhsvyatsky, S. K.
375:adding missing items
353:Charles Piazzi Smyth
340:List of great comets
54:improve this article
4083:Astronomical events
3653:White–Ortiz–Bolelli
3156:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
3146:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
3126:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
3111:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
3101:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
3091:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
3076:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
3046:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
3026:C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)
3001:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
2946:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
2840:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
2813:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
2798:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
2771:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
2282:(300163) 2006 VW139
2152:332P/Ikeya–Murakami
2057:156P/Russell–LINEAR
1939:79P/du Toit–Hartley
1849:61P/Shajn–Schaldach
1834:58P/Jackson–Neujmin
1759:43P/Wolf–Harrington
1659:23P/Brorsen–Metcalf
1461:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
1437:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
1432:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
1412:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
1382:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
1367:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
969:1850AJ......1...97B
605:Great Comet of 1901
600:Great Comet of 1882
595:Great Comet of 1881
579:Great Comet of 1861
569:Great Comet of 1844
565:Great Comet of 1843
561:Great Comet of 1831
557:Great Comet of 1823
552:Great Comet of 1819
547:Great Comet of 1811
542:Great Comet of 1807
537:Great Comet of 1769
532:Great Comet of 1744
528:Great Comet of 1686
524:Great Comet of 1680
520:Great Comet of 1668
517:Great Comet of 1665
514:Great Comet of 1664
510:Great Comet of 1618
505:Great Comet of 1577
500:Great Comet of 1556
496:Great Comet of 1533
493:Great Comet of 1532
489:Great Comet of 1471
485:Great Comet of 1468
481:Great Comet of 1402
476:Great Comet of 1264
472:Great Comet of 1240
469:Great Comet of 1132
465:Great Comet of 1106
181:Great Comet of 1680
3589:Skorichenko–George
3184:Aarseth-Brewington
3136:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
3056:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
3036:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
3006:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
2966:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
2951:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
2941:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
2875:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
2860:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
2741:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
2444:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
2352:80P/Peters–Hartley
2067:162P/Siding Spring
1944:80P/Peters–Hartley
1809:53P/Van Biesbroeck
1734:38P/Stephan–Oterma
1442:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
1417:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
1407:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
1397:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
1377:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
1337:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
711:comet reported by
627:Comet Arend–Roland
455:Great Comet of 905
446:Great Comet of 770
443:Great Comet of 568
440:Great Comet of 565
437:Great Comet of 442
434:Great Comet of 400
431:Great Comet of 390
428:Great Comet of 240
425:Great Comet of 191
373:; you can help by
356:
310:
258:apparent magnitude
248:
192:
168:
141:
3995:
3994:
3907:
3906:
3792:Meanings of names
3718:
3717:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3303:IRAS–Araki–Alcock
3141:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
3011:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
2818:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
2808:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
2781:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
2756:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
2565:
2564:
2492:
2491:
2454:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
2332:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
2209:7968 Elst–Pizarro
2127:273P/Pons–Gambart
2072:168P/Hergenrother
2062:161P/Hartley–IRAS
2022:109P/Swift–Tuttle
1864:64P/Swift–Gehrels
1819:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
1634:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
1502:
1501:
1489:Comets in fiction
1392:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
1387:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
1342:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
1268:Comet discoverers
851:978-0-387-09512-7
399:Aristotle's Comet
391:
390:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4105:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4024:
4023:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3765:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3722:
3708:
3707:
3666:
3644:
3636:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
3463:McNaught–Russell
3151:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
3066:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
3051:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
2991:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
2971:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
2961:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
2931:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
2896:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
2855:C/1975 V1 (West)
2836:
2794:
2580:
2297:
2052:153P/Ikeya–Zhang
1789:49P/Arend–Rigaux
1579:7P/Pons–Winnecke
1537:
1526:
1508:
1484:Antimatter comet
1372:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
1253:Naming of comets
1133:
1127:
1080:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1042:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
987:
981:
980:
952:
946:
945:
916:
910:
909:
898:
892:
891:
862:
856:
855:
835:
829:
828:
815:
809:
807:
801:
793:
776:
770:
769:
767:
766:
754:
715:
705:
645:Comet Ikeya–Seki
639:Comet Seki-Lines
386:
383:
365:
364:
358:
189:Lieve Verschuier
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3998:
3996:
3991:
3965:
3903:
3844:
3796:
3754:
3749:
3719:
3714:
3684:
3660:
3638:
3176:
3170:
3161:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
2884:
2830:
2788:
2574:
2572:
2561:
2499:
2488:
2432:
2411:
2286:
2183:
2176:
1979:
1973:
1854:62P/Tsuchinshan
1844:60P/Tsuchinshan
1839:59P/Kearns–Kwee
1604:12P/Pons–Brooks
1541:
1531:
1520:
1513:Lists of comets
1498:
1476:
1470:
1455:
1352:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
1320:
1299:
1241:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1074:
1069:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1000:
998:
989:
988:
984:
954:
953:
949:
942:
918:
917:
913:
900:
899:
895:
888:
864:
863:
859:
852:
837:
836:
832:
817:
816:
812:
794:
791:
778:
777:
773:
764:
762:
756:
755:
718:
706:
702:
697:
692:
669:Comet Hale–Bopp
663:Comet Hyakutake
387:
381:
378:
362:
342:
322:Comet Hyakutake
299:
267:
250:
228:
220:Comet Hyakutake
216:Comet Hale–Bopp
173:
166:Comet Hale-Bopp
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4111:
4109:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4052:
4040:
4028:
4016:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3951:Near-parabolic
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3897:Scattered disc
3894:
3889:
3884:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3865:Neptune trojan
3862:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3840:Spectral types
3837:
3832:
3830:Jupiter trojan
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3658:Wilson–Hubbard
3655:
3650:
3645:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:311P/PanSTARRS
3522:
3517:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2577:
2571:Near-Parabolic
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2504:
2502:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2387:205P/Giacobini
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:358P/PANSTARRS
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2252:311P/PanSTARRS
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2230:60558 Echeclus
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2172:460P/PanSTARRS
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:311P/PanSTARRS
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:205P/Giacobini
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1799:51P/Harrington
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:32P/Comas SolĂ
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:24P/Schaumasse
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1494:Comet vintages
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1195:Near-parabolic
1187:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:Jupiter-family
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1013:
1012:External links
1010:
1007:
1006:
982:
977:10.1086/100067
947:
940:
911:
893:
886:
857:
850:
830:
810:
789:
771:
716:
699:
698:
696:
693:
691:
690:
684:
678:
675:Comet McNaught
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
615:Halley's Comet
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
589:Coggia's Comet
586:
581:
576:
573:Donati's Comet
570:
567:
562:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
526:
521:
518:
515:
512:
507:
502:
497:
494:
491:
486:
483:
478:
473:
470:
467:
462:
459:Halley's Comet
456:
453:
450:Halley's Comet
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:Halley's Comet
414:
411:Caesar's Comet
408:
405:Halley's Comet
402:
395:
389:
388:
368:
366:
341:
338:
314:Halley's Comet
306:Halley's Comet
298:
295:
271:inverse square
266:
263:
227:
224:
187:as painted by
172:
169:
153:Halley's Comet
137:Comet McNaught
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4110:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Light sources
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4005:
4001:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Asteroid belt
3818:
3816:
3815:Aten asteroid
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:Minor planets
3757:
3753:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3567:Siding Spring
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
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3049:
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3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
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2816:
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2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
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2787:
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2774:
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2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
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2749:
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2744:
2742:
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2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
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2719:
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2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
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2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2568:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2407:289P/Blanpain
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:113P/Spitaler
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:27P/Crommelin
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:324P/La Sagra
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:118401 LINEAR
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:289P/Blanpain
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:178P/Hug–Bell
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:141P/Machholz
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:27P/Crommelin
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:Unknown-orbit
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1116:
1115:Meteor shower
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:Gary W. Kronk
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
997:
993:
986:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
948:
943:
941:9781107093492
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
915:
912:
907:
903:
897:
894:
889:
887:9781107093492
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
861:
858:
853:
847:
843:
842:
834:
831:
826:
822:
821:
814:
811:
805:
799:
792:
790:0-7885-0273-5
786:
782:
775:
772:
760:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
717:
714:
710:
704:
701:
694:
688:
687:Comet NEOWISE
685:
682:
681:Comet Lovejoy
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
651:Comet Bennett
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
566:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
527:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
495:
492:
490:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
471:
468:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
396:
394:
385:
382:December 2013
376:
372:
369:This list is
367:
360:
359:
354:
350:
346:
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
307:
303:
296:
294:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
272:
264:
262:
259:
254:
244:
240:
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
190:
186:
182:
177:
170:
164:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
69:"Great comet"
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4098:Great comets
4062:Solar System
3987:Space debris
3925:
3397:C/2001 OG108
3189:Arend–Roland
2550:103P/Hartley
2540:(2005, 2011)
2526:19P/Borrelly
2474:75D/Kohoutek
2459:20D/Westphal
2382:177P/Barnard
2377:157P/Tritton
2372:122P/de Vico
2247:259P/Garradd
2082:177P/Barnard
2042:144P/Kushida
2027:122P/de Vico
2017:108P/Ciffréo
2007:103P/Hartley
1997:96P/Machholz
1929:77P/Longmore
1919:75D/Kohoutek
1774:46P/Wirtanen
1764:44P/Reinmuth
1694:30P/Reinmuth
1644:20D/Westphal
1639:19P/Borrelly
1237:Interstellar
1211:
1190:Non-periodic
1018:
999:, retrieved
995:
990:Bortle, J.,
985:
960:
956:
950:
923:
914:
905:
896:
869:
860:
840:
833:
819:
813:
780:
774:
763:. Retrieved
703:
401:– 373–372 BC
392:
379:
348:
311:
280:
268:
253:Comet Holmes
249:
229:
196:Solar System
193:
144:
142:
116:
110:January 2015
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4050:Outer space
4038:Spaceflight
3977:Cosmic dust
3941:Long-period
3931:Halley-type
3887:Kuiper belt
3772:Designation
3661: [
3639: [
3535:C/2015 ER61
3244:C/2013 US10
2831: [
2789: [
2484:85D/Boethin
2479:83D/Russell
2464:25D/Neujmin
2267:354P/LINEAR
2225:167P/CINEOS
2215:165P/LINEAR
2197:2060 Chiron
2192:596 Scheila
2162:354P/LINEAR
2157:333P/LINEAR
2117:252P/LINEAR
2112:249P/LINEAR
2097:209P/LINEAR
1992:92P/Sanguin
1969:85D/Boethin
1959:83D/Russell
1954:82P/Gehrels
1934:78P/Gehrels
1884:68P/Klemola
1874:66P/du Toit
1784:48P/Johnson
1754:42P/Neujmin
1744:40P/Väisälä
1724:36P/Whipple
1684:28P/Neujmin
1669:25D/Neujmin
1574:6P/d'Arrest
1477:speculation
1475:Culture and
1304:Exploration
1212:Great Comet
1168:Halley-type
1163:Long period
996:harvard.edu
783:, Atlanta,
633:Comet Mrkos
200:astronomers
145:great comet
18:Great Comet
4072:Categories
3982:Meteoroids
3961:Sungrazing
3936:Hyperbolic
3892:Oort cloud
3835:Near-Earth
3609:Stonehouse
3562:Seki–Lines
3510:Pan-STARRS
3500:Oukaimeden
3375:C/2000 WM1
3298:Ikeya-Seki
3175:After 1910
3131:2I/Borisov
2889:After 1990
2583:Until 1990
2500:spacecraft
2498:Visited by
2449:5D/Brorsen
2342:69P/Taylor
2317:17P/Holmes
2312:15P/Finlay
2262:331P/Gibbs
2182:Comet-like
1987:88P/Howell
1978:After 1985
1964:84P/Giclas
1894:70P/Kojima
1889:69P/Taylor
1739:39P/Oterma
1729:37P/Forbes
1709:33P/Daniel
1629:17P/Holmes
1624:16P/Brooks
1619:15P/Finlay
1609:13P/Olbers
1594:10P/Tempel
1569:5D/Brorsen
1540:Until 1985
1402:2I/Borisov
1285:Oort cloud
1217:Sungrazing
1200:Hyperbolic
1178:Encke-type
1110:Comet dust
1001:2008-11-18
765:2011-02-02
657:Comet West
371:incomplete
332:; 39
318:apparition
283:perihelion
80:newspapers
4014:Astronomy
3872:Damocloid
3675:Zhu–Balam
3629:C/2020 F8
3624:C/2012 E2
3619:C/2006 M4
3577:C/2013 A1
3572:C/2007 Q3
3552:Pojmański
3540:C/2017 K2
3530:C/2014 Q1
3520:C/2012 K1
3515:C/2011 L4
3505:ʻOumuamua
3495:Nishimura
3483:C/2002 V1
3478:C/2001 Q4
3456:C/2009 R1
3451:C/2006 P1
3429:C/2014 Q2
3424:C/2013 R1
3419:C/2011 W3
3414:C/2007 E2
3402:C/2007 F1
3385:C/2002 T7
3380:C/2001 A2
3370:C/1999 S4
3348:C/2019 U6
3343:C/2018 C2
3338:C/2012 F6
3291:C/1964 N1
3286:C/1963 A1
3276:Hyakutake
3266:Hale-Bopp
3239:C/1999 F1
3224:Bradfield
3199:Beljawsky
3177:(by name)
2620:C/1652 Y1
2575:(notable)
2544:C/2006 P1
2538:9P/Tempel
2514:1P/Halley
2437:Not found
2416:Destroyed
2300:Recovered
2242:238P/Read
2220:166P/NEAT
2184:asteroids
2147:323P/SOHO
2142:322P/SOHO
2122:255P/Levy
2107:246P/NEAT
2102:238P/Read
2077:169P/NEAT
2032:126P/IRAS
1980:(notable)
1899:71P/Clark
1794:50P/Arend
1654:22P/Kopff
1589:9P/Tempel
1584:8P/Tuttle
1549:1P/Halley
1452:C/2014 UN
1422:C/2017 U7
1183:Main-belt
276:fluoresce
185:Rotterdam
3956:Periodic
3882:Detached
3802:Asteroid
3710:Category
3599:Southern
3446:McNaught
3441:Machholz
3328:Kohoutek
3234:Catalina
3209:Boattini
2532:81P/Wild
2469:34D/Gale
2423:3D/Biela
1949:81P/Wild
1869:65P/Gunn
1859:63P/Wild
1714:34D/Gale
1614:14P/Wolf
1559:3D/Biela
1554:2P/Encke
1530:Periodic
1295:Asteroid
1232:Exocomet
1153:Numbered
1148:Periodic
1105:Antitail
1083:Features
904:(1958).
798:citation
4000:Portals
3921:Extinct
3860:Centaur
3670:Yi–SWAN
3547:Pereyra
3490:NEOWISE
3409:Lovejoy
3355:Leonard
3323:Johnson
3318:Jacques
3313:Iwamoto
3271:Humason
3256:Eclipse
3214:Borisov
3204:Bennett
1564:4P/Faye
1263:Centaur
1246:Related
1227:Extinct
1090:Nucleus
965:Bibcode
713:Ephorus
419:– 12 BC
413:– 44 BC
407:– 87 BC
204:nucleus
94:scholar
4078:Comets
3913:Comets
3825:Family
3810:Active
3777:Groups
3392:LONEOS
3365:LINEAR
3333:Lemmon
3261:Elenin
3229:Brooks
3219:Bowell
3194:Austin
2573:comets
2558:(2014)
2552:(2010)
2546:(2007)
2534:(2004)
2528:(2001)
2522:(1992)
2516:(1986)
2510:(1985)
2238:(176P)
2232:(174P)
2211:(133P)
2205:(107P)
1532:comets
1325:Latest
1273:LINEAR
1221:Kreutz
1072:Comets
963:: 97.
938:
884:
848:
787:
709:winter
689:- 2020
683:– 2011
677:– 2007
671:– 1997
665:– 1996
659:– 1976
653:– 1970
647:– 1965
641:– 1962
635:– 1957
629:– 1957
623:– 1927
617:– 1910
591:– 1874
575:– 1858
461:– 1066
246:Comets
171:Causes
157:decade
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4026:Stars
3970:Other
3926:Great
3665:]
3643:]
3557:Ryves
3468:Mrkos
3436:Lulin
3281:Ikeya
2835:]
2793:]
2199:(95P)
1542:(all)
1140:Types
1100:Tails
695:Notes
452:– 837
351:, by
212:Earth
183:over
149:comet
147:is a
101:JSTOR
87:books
3946:Lost
3787:Moon
3782:List
3648:West
3614:SWAN
3594:SOHO
3473:NEAT
3360:Levy
3308:ISON
2292:Lost
2167:362P
1517:more
1158:Lost
1095:Coma
936:ISBN
882:ISBN
846:ISBN
804:link
785:ISBN
236:dust
234:and
179:The
73:news
3680:ZTF
1454:271
973:doi
928:doi
874:doi
825:879
377:.
336:).
232:gas
208:Sun
56:by
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3663:de
3641:de
2833:de
2791:de
994:,
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868:.
800:}}
796:{{
719:^
707:A
334:LD
330:km
326:AU
291:km
287:AU
143:A
4002::
3744:e
3737:t
3730:v
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1064:e
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