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392:) August 1917 at roughly 15:30, by accident at a small house of refugees at Olympiados 3, in the Mevlane district between the center and the Upper City when a spark from the kitchen fire fell in a pile of straw and ignited it. Due to both lack of water and indifference, the initial fire was not put out. Eventually, an intense wind carried the fire to the neighboring houses, and it continued throughout central Thessaloniki. As the centre of operations for
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The care for the fire victims started immediately: Greek authorities constructed 100 houses to shelter 800 families. The
British authorities established three settlements with 1,300 tents, where they accommodated 7,000 homeless. The French authorities set up a settlement for 300 families, and built
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was saved by its employees, who hurried to help. The wind strengthened and continued to spread the fire towards the center of the city. In the early morning of the next day (6/19 August), the wind changed direction and the two fronts of the fire destroyed the whole commercial center. At 12:00, the
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Pericles A. Argyropoulos, the major government representative, founded the
Administration for Victims of Fire for the care of thousands of fire victims; and the government approved credit of 1,500,000 drachmas for the first needs. Simultaneously, the Central Committee for Donations was organized,
180:, leaving more than 70,000 homeless. The fire burned for 32 hours and destroyed 9,500 houses within an extent of 1 square kilometer. Half the Jewish population emigrated from the city as their livelihoods were gone. Rather than quickly rebuilding, the government commissioned the French architect
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After the destruction of the city, insurance companies sent their agents to survey the damage. There were rumours that
Germans or French had caused the fire by arson, but these were disproved. The total amount of insurance contracts was about 3,000,000 golden pounds. The majority of insurance
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because (to serve their camps and hospitals in the suburbs of the city) the Allied forces controlled water reserves, which were reduced due to the drought of that summer and the high water consumption of the growing population. More significantly, the city government did not have an organized
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The fire destroyed 32% of
Thessaloniki, about 1 square kilometer. The burned region was between the roads of Aghiou Dimitriou, Leontos Sofou, Nikis, Ethnikis Amynis, Alexandrou Svolou, and Egnatia (from Aghia Sofia). This region is reported in official documents as "burned zone"
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In 1917, the population of the city was recorded to be around 278,000, while in the 1920 census, a population of 170,000 is recorded. The 1917 record is seen as not entirely correct, with a typographical error being highly likely: a population of 178,000 seems more
645:, had to compensate 3,000 insurance contracts. The Court deemed the fire was caused by accidental reasons. Under the pressure of Greek and foreign authorities along with the Court, all of the insurance policies were completely paid.
188:, although some of his most grandiose plans were never completed due to a lack of funds. French navy official Dufour de la Thuillerie writes in his report that "I saw Thessaloniki, a city of more than 150,000 people, burn".
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Thessaloniki soon became a transit center for Allied troops and supplies, and the city filled with thousands of French and
British soldiers, numbering up to 200,000. The 1913 census recorded a population of 150,000 people.
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on 29 June 1918, the plan was to redevelop the city along
European lines. It went through many changes, but established improved transportation routes, squares and other amenities to support a large population.
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standards at the time of the fire. By
European standards, the city's planning was chaotic and the unhygienic conditions that prevailed in the poorer areas were described as "unacceptable" by the government in
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Bakirtzis, Nikolas (2022). "Perceptions, histories and urban realities of
Thessaloniki's layer". In Fowden, Elizabeth Key; Çağaptay, Suna; Zychowicz-Coghill, Edward; Blanke, Louise (eds.).
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government announced that it would not allow reconstruction of the city as it was. They intended to create a new city instead, according to an urban plan. The
Minister of Transports
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and another church, the Saatli Mosque, 11 other mosques, the seat of the chief rabbi with all its archive, 16 of the 33 synagogues, and the printing-houses of most newspapers.
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Included among buildings that were burned were the Post Office, the telegraph office, the town hall, the water supply, and gas company headquarters, the
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to design a new urban plan for the burned areas and for the future expansion of the city. His designs are still evident in the city, most notably
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Papastathi Haral., "A Memorandum on the Fire of
Thessalonica in 1917 and the Care of Victims", Society of Macedonian Studies, Thessaloniki, 1978
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distributed food among the homeless. Nearly half the city's Jews, having lost both homes and shops, soon emigrated to western countries, mainly
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was given the lead and founded the "International Committee for the New Plan of Thessaloniki". He appointed as chairman the
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According to the findings of the investigation by the Court of Thessaloniki, the fire began on Saturday 5 (
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with a line of sub-committees for the collection of donations and the distribution of money and goods.
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without burning it, and continued eastward up to the road of Ethnikis Amynis (former name:
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via the road of Agiou Dimitriou, and to the market via the Leontos Sofou road. The
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officially maintained neutrality. With authorization by the Venizelos' government,
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Cities as Palimpsests?: Responses to Antiquity in Eastern Mediterranean Urbanism
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had landed troops in Thessaloniki in 1915, in order to support their
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The people affected by the fire totaled approximately 73,447. The
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companies within the region were British. The insurance company,
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identified the homeless by the three religious communities of
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Thessaloniki was one of the largest and most modern cities in
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You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.
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1917 fire which destroyed two-thirds of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Prof. Dr. Ch. K. Papastathis & Dr. E. A. Hekimoglou.
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to 30,000 individuals. The American, French, and British
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Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)
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The Redesign of Thessaloniki after the Fire of 1917
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521:had the highest number of published newspapers in
465:A map showing the huge area destroyed by the fire.
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593:and the United States, while some emigrated to
347:into two sovereign states, one represented by
1674:Population exchange between Greece and Turkey
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912:, University Studio Press, Thessaloniki, 2002
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432:Destruction caused by the fire, with the
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1096:December 1915 Greek legislative election
765:Gerolympos, Alexandra Karadimou. (1995)
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643:North British and Mercantile Insurance
412:fire passed around the grounds of the
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170:Μεγάλη Πυρκαγιά της Θεσσαλονίκης, 1917
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831:The Great Fire of Thessaloniki (1917)
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1120:Surrender and internment of IV Corps
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1735:Inter-Allied Victory Medal (Greece)
1086:May 1915 Greek legislative election
689:General Administration of Macedonia
1569:Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
343:in the city, essentially dividing
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1660:Greek retreat from Eastern Thrace
1631:Conference of London of 1921–1922
434:Ministry for Macedonia and Thrace
69:"Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917"
1730:Medal of Military Merit (Greece)
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1617:1920 Greek legislative election
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1588:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
1500:French occupation of Thessaly
846:Hoad, Phil (14 August 2017).
176:, the second-largest city in
1645:11 September 1922 Revolution
1578:Southern Russia intervention
1549:Occupation of Constantinople
1138:National Defence coup d'état
1052:Greco-Turkish crisis of 1914
908:Karadimou Gerolympou Aleka,
784:Παπαστάθης, Χαραλ Κ (1978).
1786:Thessaloniki in World War I
1607:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
1593:Venizelos–Tittoni agreement
1428:Hellenic Army General Staff
1242:National Defence Army Corps
910:Chronicle of the Great Fire
376:Aerial picture of the fire.
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1720:Allied cemetery of Moudros
1269:Armée d'Orient (1915–1919)
1027:Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
292:after almost 500 years of
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152:The fire as seen from the
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1264:Allied Army of the Orient
1003:Greece during World War I
919:, vol. 11, September 2003
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1766:1917 disasters in Greece
1284:Louis Franchet d'Espèrey
1213:Leonidas Paraskevopoulos
667:Alexandros Papanastasiou
560:Refugees after the fire.
192:The city before the fire
1725:Greek cemetery of Pirot
1710:Serbian Museum of Corfu
1584:Greek landing at Smyrna
1524:Battle of Skra-di-Legen
1510:Great Thessaloniki Fire
1339:Constantine I of Greece
1022:Treaty of London (1913)
803:10.12681/makedonika.492
503:National Bank of Greece
424:Efforts at firefighting
414:church of Haghia Sophia
252:History of Thessaloniki
209:This article cites its
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1409:Dimitrios Kalapothakis
1193:Nikolaos Christodoulou
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567:Union of French Ladies
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1791:Urban fires in Europe
1776:1910s fires in Europe
1622:1920 Greek referendum
1539:Armistice of Salonica
1291:Democratic Battalions
1274:British Salonika Army
1223:Neokosmos Grigoriadis
1198:Themistoklis Sofoulis
1188:Emmanouil Zymvrakakis
1173:Eleftherios Venizelos
1101:Serbian Army in Corfu
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1640:Great fire of Smyrna
1414:Georgios Pesmazoglou
1252:Archipelago Division
1183:Pavlos Kountouriotis
917:Thessalonikeon Polis
833:, Thessaloniki, 2010
707:Great fire of Smyrna
685:Thomas Hayton Mawson
529:Care of fire victims
54:improve this article
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1364:Stefanos Skouloudis
1228:Georgios Papandreou
1047:Massacre of Phocaea
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1491:Battle of Katerini
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
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49:
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43:This article
41:
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855:. Retrieved
852:The Guardian
851:
793:
792:(in Greek).
789:
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678:archeologist
660:
639:
636:Compensation
599:
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539:Thessaloniki
534:
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519:Thessaloniki
499:Ottoman Bank
496:
491:
479:
468:
447:fire brigade
442:firefighting
439:
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318:
316:and others.
266:
261:Thessaloniki
234:
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174:Thessaloniki
161:
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116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1683:Remembrance
1327:governments
1310:Megali Idea
1305:Pro-Entente
1017:Balkan Wars
961: /
796:: 143–171.
549:and 11,000
457:Destruction
398:World War I
321:World War I
319:As soon as
228:August 2020
1756:1917 fires
1750:Categories
1486:Noemvriana
1452:Monarchism
1447:Neutrality
1433:Epistratoi
1315:Venizelism
1010:Background
949:22°56′24″E
946:40°38′06″N
857:2023-01-06
790:Μακεδονικά
734:References
726:plausible.
492:ta kammena
488:τα καμμένα
310:Bulgarians
110:March 2011
80:newspapers
1690:Zeitenlik
1558:Aftermath
812:2241-2018
674:architect
663:Venizelos
595:Palestine
587:Red Cross
545:, 10,000
541:: 52,000
409:Residency
405:Residency
282:Macedonia
1159:National
1148:National
696:See also
547:Orthodox
363:The fire
1424:Support
1233:Support
1161:Defence
1125:Italian
579:Larissa
551:Muslims
418:Hamidie
388:) /18 (
294:Ottoman
211:sources
94:scholar
1475:Events
1335:People
1169:People
1150:Schism
1129:French
1061:Events
895:
810:
671:French
591:France
571:Athens
523:Greece
501:, the
345:Greece
325:Greece
302:Greeks
290:Greece
286:Epirus
278:Athens
273:Balkan
269:Europe
178:Greece
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1443:Ideas
1325:Royal
1301:Ideas
713:Notes
583:bread
575:Volos
484:Greek
472:Greek
306:Turks
166:Greek
101:JSTOR
87:books
1715:Vido
1665:1923
1636:1922
1627:1921
1598:1920
1586:and
1565:1919
1520:1918
1496:1917
1482:1916
1127:and
1106:1916
1077:1915
1068:1914
893:ISBN
808:ISSN
676:and
577:and
565:the
543:Jews
333:Serb
314:Roma
284:and
213:but
160:The
73:news
798:doi
271:by
56:by
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490:,
486::
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390:NS
384:,
382:OS
312:,
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