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From Wakan Tanka, the Great Spirit, there came a great unifying life force that flowed in and through all things â the flowers of the plains, blowing winds, rocks, trees, birds, animals â and was the same force that had been breathed into the first man. Thus all things were kindred, and were brought
1212:
While belief in an entity or entities known as the Great Spirit exists across numerous indigenous
American peoples, individual tribes often demonstrate varying degrees of cultural divergence. As such, a variety of stories, parables, fables, and messages exhibiting different, sometimes contradictory
1395:
word typically interpreted as Great Spirit, the
Creator of all things and the Giver of Life, and is sometimes translated as the "Great Mystery". Historically, Anishinaabe people believed in a variety of spirits, whose images were placed near doorways for protection.
1276:
whose ways were considered mysterious and beyond human understanding. It was the elaboration on these beliefs that prompted scholarly debate suggesting that the term "Great
Mystery" could be a more accurate translation of such a concept than "Great Spirit". Activist
1208:
more generally. Such a speaker is generally considered to have an obligation to preserve the spiritual traditions of their respective lineage. The Great Spirit is looked to by spiritual leaders for guidance by individuals as well as communities at large.
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ideas of a monotheistic God alongside animistic conceptions. The number of adherents to these contemporary beliefs in the great spirit are unknown, but it is likely they number over a quarter million people.
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Due to perceived similarities between the Great Spirit and the
Christian deity, European colonial missionaries drew comparison between the two deities as a
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1156:, characterized it as "the Creator that lives in all of us. Itâs in the sun. Itâs in the moon. Itâs in the stars and the water. Itâs in the earth."
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1946:
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Marks, M., & Fauteck, L. (2007). Great mysteries: Native North
American religions and participatory visions. ReVision, 29(3).
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1478:. The doctrine regarding the great spirit within this modern tradition is quite varied and generally takes on
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also promoted the translation "Great
Mystery" and the view that Lakota spirituality is not originally
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The Myth of
Hiawatha and other oral Legends, Mythologic and Allegoric of the North American Indians.
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themes and plot elements have been attributed to the same figure by otherwise disparate cultures.
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1343:("bad spirit") respectively. According to legend, when the world was created, the Great Spirit,
1234:) can be interpreted as the power or the sacredness that resides in everything, resembling some
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Prophets of the Great Spirit: Native
American Revitalization Movements in Eastern North America
1668:
Prophets of the Great Spirit: Native
American Revitalization Movements in Eastern North America
1619:
Thomas, Robert Murray. Manitou and God: North-American Indian
Religions and Christian Culture.
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prayers begin with the phrase âTunkasilaâ, which translates to âgrandfather, Great Spirit.â
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1972:"Does the Worm Live in the Ground? Reflections on Native American Spirituality"
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Other Anishinaabe names for such a figure, incorporated through the process of
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The contemporary belief in the great spirit is generally associated with the
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The Plains Sioux and U.S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee
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Where White Men Fear to Tread: The Autobiography of Russell Means
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1096:. The Great Spirit is a central component in many, but not all,
656:
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2001:
1997:
1912:"Native American Church | North American religion | Britannica"
4025:
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3412:
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2301:
1970:
Garrett, Michael Tlanusta; Wilbur, Michael P. (October 1999).
1381:, inherited the Great Spirit tradition of their predecessors.
1327:, is perceived as the spiritual and fundamental life force by
770:
1733:
Before the great spirit: the many faces of Sioux spirituality
1450:
carried the idea of the greater spiritual connectivity while
1458:. Consequently, Christian missionaries often used the term
41:
3195:
2232:
1894:; editors:Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson and Paul Schellinger.
1242:
beliefs. This term describes every creature and object as
1892:
The Americas: International Dictionary of Historic Places
1889:
The Americas: International Dictionary of Historic Places
1670:. Lincoln: U of Nebraska, 2006. Google Books. 2006. p. 3.
1182:
The Great Spirit has at times been conceptualized as an "
1454:
carried the idea of individual soul's connection to the
16:
Supreme being in many indigenous North American cultures
1842:
The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Northeast
1264:
by European settlers and missionaries, the Lakota used
1148:
tradition, the Great Spirit is known as "the Creator".
1649:
Star Songs and Water Spirits, a Great Lakes Reader.
1585:"Honoring Our Elders | American Indian College Fund"
4177:
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2668:
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1976:
Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development
1607:
McDonald, Thomasi (2023, November 16) | Duke Today.
1108:, and interpretations of it vary between cultures.
1839:
1906:
1904:
1647:J.B. Lippincott & Co. 1856. Brehm, Victoria.
4245:Gods of the indigenous peoples of North America
1092:generally conceptualized as a supreme being or
1129:, a more semantically accurate translation of
3211:
2567:
2013:
1065:
8:
1794:The International Folk-lore Congress of the
1609:Recapturing the Indigenous roots of lacrosse
1229:
1196:Numerous individuals are held to have been "
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2020:
2006:
1998:
1072:
1058:
25:
1163:tradition, the Great Spirit is known as
1115:tradition, the Great Spirit is known as
580:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
1726:
1724:
1662:
1660:
1520:
33:
1407:, later named by European settlers as
7:
1678:
1676:
1462:to refer to the Christian idea of a
1246:("holy") or having aspects that are
269:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
1301:together by the same Great Mystery.
1254:corresponds to "great" or "large".
2583:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1988:10.1002/j.2161-1912.1999.tb00335.x
1818:The Wisdom of the Native Americans
399:Archaeology of religion and ritual
14:
3783:Attributes of God in Christianity
1150:Haudenosaunee men's lacrosse team
4210:
2630:
1690:, 2006. Google Books. 2006. Web.
4240:First Nations culture in Canada
3841:Great Architect of the Universe
1896:Routledge, Taylor & Francis
112:Evolutionary origin of religion
1737:University of New Mexico Press
267:Treatise on the Apparitions of
1:
3620:Trinity of the Church Fathers
1838:Bragdon, Kathleen J. (2001).
717:Traditional African religions
262:Coral Gardens and Their Magic
21:Great Spirit (disambiguation)
1941:. Chelsea House Publishers.
1796:World's Columbian Exposition
1583:Fund, College (2008-12-15).
1369:culture, descended from the
3871:Phenomenological definition
1172:Christianization conversion
60:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
4266:
1621:Greenwood Publishing Group
1533:Cambridge University Press
1494:Appeal to the Great Spirit
1446:both mean "Great Spirit",
1202:facilitating communication
1088:is an omnipresent supreme
51:Appeal to the Great Spirit
18:
4208:
3957:
3946:
3246:
3233:
3171:
2628:
2083:
2035:
1938:Native American religions
1848:Columbia University Press
1509:Native American religions
1438:("Great Spirit"). While
795:Armenian Apostolic Church
3625:Trinitarian universalism
1387:(also transliterated as
1274:group of sacred entities
687:Native American religion
342:Revitalization movements
197:Sacredâprofane dichotomy
35:Anthropology of religion
3827:Godhead in Christianity
1799:, Chicago, July, 1893.
1788:Helen Wheeler Bassett,
1347:, gave the land to the
1262:of indigenous Americans
1230:
1204:between humans and the
601:The Journal of Religion
222:Theories about religion
1767:Online. Archived from
1688:University of Nebraska
1643:Schoolcraft, Henry R.
1476:Native American Church
1470:Native American Church
647:Alaska Native religion
642:Afro-American religion
237:Veneration of the dead
46:
3653:Fate of the unlearned
3605:Shield of the Trinity
2904:European colonization
1935:Hartz, Paula (2009).
1765:New Lakota Dictionary
1731:Rice, Julian (1998).
1048:cultural anthropology
667:Chinese folk religion
559:Anthony F. C. Wallace
554:Daniel Martin Varisco
479:E. E. Evans-Pritchard
381:of the Religious Life
45:
2622:Solutrean hypothesis
2375:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
1876:The Life of Tecumseh
1393:Anishinaabe language
1339:("good spirit") and
1290:Luther Standing Bear
702:Shamanism in Siberia
549:Edward Burnett Tylor
379:The Elementary Forms
147:Magic (supernatural)
97:Comparative religion
19:For other uses, see
4187:Slavic Native Faith
3610:Trinitarian formula
3547:Father of Greatness
3430:Abrahamic religions
3003:Trinidad and Tobago
2317:God the Holy Spirit
1820:. MJF Books, 1999.
1565:. Macmillan, 1995.
1502:Hail to the Sunrise
1428:Wenizhishid-manidoo
1292:(1868â1939) of the
884:Hindu denominations
825:Ethiopian Orthodoxy
594:The Hibbert Journal
504:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
489:Fustel de Coulanges
29:Part of a series on
4235:Conceptions of God
4149:Abrahamic prophecy
4079:Ayyavazhi theology
3851:Apophatic theology
3240:Conceptions of God
3163:In popular culture
2914:Columbian exchange
2909:Population history
2640:Mythology/Religion
1916:www.britannica.com
1701:"The Great Spirit"
1349:indigenous peoples
1329:Algonquian peoples
938:Non-denominational
850:Oriental Orthodoxy
404:Poles in mythology
137:Laying on of hands
47:
4222:
4221:
4204:
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4199:
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3833:Latter Day Saints
3802:Divine simplicity
3723:
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3580:Consubstantiality
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3351:Theistic finitism
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2783:
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2602:Pre-Columbian era
2549:
2548:
2490:Tenri-Ć-no-Mikoto
2045:In Zoroastrianism
1948:978-1-60413-111-6
1801:Charles H. Sergel
1651:Ladyslipper Press
1178:Conceptualization
1082:
1081:
870:Russian Orthodoxy
820:Eastern Orthodoxy
469:Arnold van Gennep
388:Purity and Danger
54:, 1908 statue by
4257:
4214:
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3570:Athanasian Creed
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1908:
1899:
1898:; 1996; p. 349].
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1705:www.phy.duke.edu
1697:
1691:
1682:Cave, Alfred A.
1680:
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1666:Cave, Alfred A.
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1544:
1535:, July 5, 2004.
1527:Ostler, Jeffry.
1525:
1259:Christianization
1233:
1074:
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1060:
815:Coptic Orthodoxy
529:Marshall Sahlins
371:Related articles
26:
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4216:Religion portal
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4116:Holy Scriptures
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3807:Divine presence
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3575:Comma Johanneum
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2653:List of deities
2635:
2626:
2585:
2580:
2550:
2545:
2427:Nzambi a Mpungu
2248:Svayam Bhagavan
2079:
2058:In Christianity
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2026:
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1995:
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1803:Company, 1898.
1790:Frederick Starr
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1709:Duke University
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1589:collegefund.org
1582:
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1561:Means, Robert.
1560:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1505:, a 1932 statue
1497:, a 1908 statue
1489:
1472:
1409:Mackinac Island
1405:Michilimackinac
1363:
1355:in particular.
1310:
1268:to refer to an
1221:
1191:god of creation
1187:celestial deity
1184:anthropomorphic
1180:
1139:Lakota language
1121:. According to
1078:
1038:
1037:
830:Greek Orthodoxy
810:Catholic Church
626:
625:
614:
613:
574:
573:
564:
563:
539:Stanley Tambiah
494:Clifford Geertz
449:Joseph Campbell
434:Augustin Calmet
429:
428:
427:Major theorists
419:
418:
394:Myth and ritual
380:
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363:
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192:Sacred language
182:Rite of passage
107:Divine language
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4263:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4126:Predestination
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Biblical canon
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3776:Other concepts
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3672:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3650:
3648:Apocalypticism
3645:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3562:Trinitarianism
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3477:Zoroastrianism
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3426:
3424:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3309:Urmonotheismus
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3254:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3102:
3100:
3099:Related topics
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Medicine wheel
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Classification
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2387:I Am that I Am
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2333:Gitche Manitou
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:God the Father
2299:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2196:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1982:(4): 193â206.
1962:
1947:
1927:
1900:
1881:
1867:
1860:
1830:
1816:Nerburn, Kent
1809:
1781:
1752:
1745:
1720:
1692:
1672:
1656:
1633:
1612:
1600:
1575:
1554:
1545:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1498:
1488:
1485:
1471:
1468:
1460:Gichi-ojichaag
1452:Gichi-ojichaag
1444:Gichi-ojichaag
1436:Gichi-ojichaag
1384:Gitche Manitou
1362:
1360:Gitche Manitou
1357:
1341:otshee monetoo
1337:aashaa monetoo
1317:, akin to the
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1220:
1215:
1179:
1176:
1165:Gitche Manitou
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
973:
972:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
919:
918:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
880:
879:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
855:Pentecostalism
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
781:
780:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
727:
726:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
637:
635:folk religions
627:
621:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
575:
571:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
459:Ămile Durkheim
456:
451:
446:
441:
439:Akbar S. Ahmed
436:
430:
426:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
414:Elite religion
411:
409:Lived religion
406:
401:
396:
391:
384:
374:
370:
369:
368:
365:
364:
361:
360:
355:
350:
344:
343:
339:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
281:
277:
276:
271:
264:
258:
257:
253:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
73:
70:Basic concepts
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
48:
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4262:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:Denominations
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4131:Last Judgment
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3945:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3891:Unmoved mover
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Binitarianism
3790:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3513:Supreme Being
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:Gender of God
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:Kathenotheism
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3018:South America
3015:
3009:
3008:United States
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2935:North America
2932:
2929:
2925:Modern groups
2923:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:South America
2786:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2711:Turtle Island
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:North America
2667:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Paleo-Indians
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:Hiranyagarbha
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2146:
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2018:
2016:
2011:
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1989:
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1966:
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1939:
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1771:on 2020-09-24
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1298:
1297:
1296:put it thus:
1295:
1294:Lakota Nation
1291:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:Russell Means
1275:
1271:
1267:
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1257:Prior to the
1255:
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1154:Lyle Thompson
1151:
1147:
1146:Haudenosaunee
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1140:
1136:
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1127:Russell Means
1124:
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1119:
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860:Protestantism
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544:Victor Turner
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534:Melford Spiro
532:
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527:
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520:
519:Roy Rappaport
517:
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514:Steven Ozment
512:
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509:Robert Marett
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44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
4250:Creator gods
4026:Hamartiology
4011:Ecclesiology
4001:Pneumatology
3910:Christianity
3901:Names of God
3876:Philo's view
3866:Personal god
3846:Great Spirit
3845:
3785: /
3742:Christianity
3600:Perichoresis
3503:Emanationism
3445:Christianity
3435:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
3413:Singular god
3386:
3346:Spiritualism
3182:
3175:
2897:colonization
2701:The red road
2691:Medicine man
2686:Great Spirit
2685:
2500:Umvelinqangi
2478:Sol Invictus
2324:Great Spirit
2323:
2073:In Mandaeism
2029:Names of God
1979:
1975:
1965:
1937:
1930:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1870:
1846:. New York:
1841:
1833:
1817:
1812:
1793:
1784:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
1755:
1732:
1712:. Retrieved
1704:
1695:
1683:
1667:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1615:
1603:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:
1578:
1562:
1557:
1548:
1528:
1523:
1500:
1492:
1473:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:("venerable
1419:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1388:
1382:
1364:
1359:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1322:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1287:
1283:monotheistic
1270:organization
1265:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1206:supernatural
1195:
1181:
1169:
1158:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1116:
1110:
1100:cultures in
1086:Great Spirit
1085:
1083:
977:Conservative
845:Nestorianism
778:Christianity
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
524:Saba Mahmood
499:Robin Horton
484:James Frazer
454:Mary Douglas
386:
377:
274:Neo-Paganism
250:Case studies
217:Superstition
212:Soul dualism
122:Great Spirit
121:
56:Cyrus Dallin
49:
4084:Krishnology
4061:Soteriology
4016:Eschatology
3996:Christology
3861:Open theism
3817:Exotheology
3715:Zoroastrian
3678:By religion
3635:Eschatology
3590:Homoiousian
3543:Ahura Mazda
3321:Panentheism
3284:Hermeticism
3106:Ethnobotany
2963:El Salvador
2865:Visual arts
2734:Cosmovision
2720:Mesoamerica
2681:Fifth World
2647:Mythologies
2612:Archaeology
2590:Pre-history
2505:Unkulunkulu
2355:Holy Spirit
2350:Hayyi Rabbi
2338:Wakan Tanka
2312:God the Son
2103:Parvardigar
2093:Ahura Mazda
2040:In Hinduism
1686:. Lincoln:
1641:References:
1464:Holy Spirit
1403:tradition,
1401:Anishinaabe
1367:Anishinaabe
1321:concept of
1266:Wakan Tanka
1240:pantheistic
1225:Wakan Tanka
1218:Wakan Tanka
1174:technique.
1131:Wakan Tanka
1118:Wakan Tanka
904:Vaishnavism
835:Lutheranism
790:Anglicanism
474:René Girard
353:Ghost Dance
232:Transtheism
202:Sacred site
162:Nympholepsy
4229:Categories
4169:Philosophy
4056:Sophiology
4036:Philosophy
4031:Messianism
3991:Paterology
3595:Hypostasis
3585:Homoousian
3416:theologies
3356:Theopanism
3341:Polytheism
3304:Monotheism
3279:Henotheism
3148:Philosophy
2953:Costa Rica
2927:by country
2758:Variations
2749:World tree
2706:Totem pole
2676:Arborglyph
2483:Elagabalus
2295:El Shaddai
2063:In Judaism
2053:In Chinese
2049:Abrahamic
1921:2022-03-18
1850:. p.
1775:2019-07-11
1714:2016-12-09
1629:0313347794
1594:2024-09-06
1571:0312147619
1541:0521605903
1515:References
1416:syncretism
1373:-speaking
1371:Algonquian
1161:Algonquian
1098:indigenous
1090:life force
1026:ĆvetÄmbara
662:Böö mörgöl
444:Talal Asad
348:Cargo cult
177:Polytheism
172:Pilgrimage
157:Monotheism
142:Liminality
132:Initiation
127:Henotheism
102:Divination
92:Communitas
4046:Practical
4041:Political
4006:Cosmology
3963:Christian
3822:Holocaust
3812:Egotheism
3767:Goddesses
3762:Mormonism
3690:Christian
3643:Afterlife
3529:Sustainer
3336:Polydeism
3331:Pantheism
3316:Mysticism
3299:Monolatry
3294:Nontheism
3274:Dystheism
3143:Movements
3138:Languages
3086:Venezuela
3031:Argentina
2993:Nicaragua
2973:Guatemala
2968:Greenland
2660:Religions
2432:Olodumare
2397:Jehovah 1
2382:Hypsistos
2155:Saraswati
1957:276406250
1480:Christian
1333:organisms
1236:animistic
1137:. Often,
1125:activist
1021:Digambara
963:YazdĂąnism
943:Quranists
923:Ahmadiyya
909:Ayyavazhi
840:Methodism
805:Calvinism
785:Adventism
766:Vajrayana
751:Theravada
741:Pure Land
623:Religions
296:Bobohizan
207:Shamanism
117:Fetishism
77:Afterlife
4164:Kabbalah
4111:Prophets
3986:Glossary
3952:By faith
3915:Hinduism
3797:Demiurge
3787:in Islam
3747:Hinduism
3737:Buddhism
3729:Feminist
3685:Buddhist
3493:Absolute
3486:Concepts
3462:Hinduism
3457:Buddhism
3423:By faith
3387:and gods
3379:Divinity
3365:Concepts
3326:Pandeism
3227:Theology
3177:Category
3133:Identity
3116:Iroquois
3111:Cherokee
3076:Suriname
3066:Paraguay
3051:Colombia
2978:Honduras
2958:Dominica
2895:European
2870:Painting
2832:Colombia
2744:Religion
2739:Creation
2617:Genetics
2515:Ik Onkar
2510:Waheguru
2449:Osanobua
2392:Jahbulon
2345:Haneunim
2290:El Elyon
2238:Tad Ekam
2189:Trimurti
2145:Mahadevi
2140:Bhagavan
2068:In Islam
1623:, 2007.
1543:, pg 26.
1487:See also
1391:) is an
1198:speakers
1152:captain
1104:and the
1002:Orthodox
992:Haymanot
933:Mahdavia
899:Smartism
894:Shaktism
889:Shaivism
877:Hinduism
800:Baptists
736:Nichiren
731:Mahayana
724:Buddhism
712:Tengrism
587:Folklore
572:Journals
331:Slametan
291:Babaylan
286:Angakkuq
4154:Aggadah
4102:Oneness
4094:Islamic
3976:Outline
3971:History
3930:Judaism
3925:Jainism
3881:Process
3856:Olelbis
3757:Judaism
3700:Islamic
3615:Trinity
3498:Brahman
3472:Sikhism
3467:Jainism
3440:Judaism
3392:Goddess
3153:Studies
3081:Uruguay
3056:Ecuador
3036:Bolivia
2983:Jamaica
2882:Writers
2877:Artists
2837:Ecuador
2819:Culture
2800:Mapuche
2527:Jehovah
2495:The One
2469:Tianzhu
2459:Shangdi
2412:Mulungu
2370:Acintya
2329:Manitou
2275:Ein Sof
2255:Cao ÄĂ i
2243:Purusha
2228:Ishvara
2209:Krishna
2165:Parvati
2160:Lakshmi
2150:Tridevi
2135:Brahman
2130:Bathala
1761:"Great"
1653:. 2011.
1573:pg 241.
1434:") and
1432:Manidoo
1430:("Fair
1424:Manidoo
1375:Abenaki
1353:Shawnee
1314:Manitou
1307:Manitou
1159:In the
1144:In the
1133:is the
1111:In the
1033:Sikhism
1014:Jainism
997:Karaite
987:Hasidic
970:Judaism
865:Quakers
761:Tibetan
756:Tiantai
746:Shingon
682:KejawĂšn
608:Oceania
82:Animism
4192:Wiccan
4141:Jewish
4121:Angels
4051:Public
4021:Ethics
3710:Taoist
3705:Jewish
3665:Heaven
3522:God as
3252:Theism
3184:Portal
3121:Navajo
3061:Guyana
3041:Brazil
2998:Panama
2988:Mexico
2948:Canada
2943:Belize
2805:Muisca
2727:Common
2539:Yahweh
2437:á»lá»run
2285:Elohim
2260:Chukwu
2199:Vishnu
2194:Brahma
2088:Adonai
1955:
1945:
1858:
1828:pg 15.
1824:
1805:p. 221
1743:
1631:pg 35.
1627:
1569:
1539:
1418:, are
1351:, the
1324:orenda
1288:Chief
1123:Lakota
1113:Lakota
1102:Canada
1044:Social
1007:Reform
982:Haredi
953:Sufism
707:Shinto
697:Shindo
692:Noaidi
672:Hanitu
631:Ethnic
326:Pawang
321:JhÄkri
280:Ritual
187:Ritual
167:Oracle
87:Augury
4179:Pagan
4071:Hindu
3920:Islam
3752:Islam
3695:Hindu
3658:Fitra
3508:Logos
3450:Islam
3399:Numen
3374:Deity
3269:Deism
3260:Forms
3158:Trade
3046:Chile
2860:Music
2827:Andes
2775:Olmec
2765:Aztec
2442:Olofi
2422:Nyame
2365:Hyang
2270:Devla
2216:Shiva
2175:Durga
2110:Allah
2098:Khuda
1807:-226.
1252:tanka
1248:wakan
1244:wakan
1189:," a
958:Sunni
928:Ibadi
916:Islam
677:Hausa
652:Anito
311:Dukun
301:Bomoh
256:Magic
227:Totem
3886:Tian
3669:Hell
3539:Good
3534:Time
3126:Zuni
3071:Peru
3022:list
2842:Peru
2795:Inca
2770:Maya
2522:YHWH
2464:Tian
2454:Shen
2417:Ngai
2407:Mawu
2402:Kami
2360:Huwa
2265:Deus
2204:Rama
2184:Deva
2170:Kali
2125:Atum
2120:Aten
2115:Amun
1953:OCLC
1943:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1442:and
1426:"),
1379:Cree
1377:and
1365:The
1238:and
1084:The
1046:and
948:Shia
657:Atua
633:and
316:Miko
306:Bora
152:Mana
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4104:of
2852:Art
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2302:God
1984:doi
1272:or
1094:god
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2649:â
2280:El
2233:Om
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1974:.
1951:.
1914:.
1903:^
1854:.
1852:18
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1763:.
1739:.
1735:.
1723:^
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1703:.
1675:^
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2331:/
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2014:t
2007:v
1990:.
1986::
1959:.
1924:.
1878:.
1864:.
1778:.
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23:.
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