230:
55:
1915:
5252:
1583:
1376:
1974:) scheme, the Long Count days were tallied in a modified base-20 scheme. Thus 0.0.0.1.5 is equal to 25 and 0.0.0.2.0 is equal to 40. As the winal unit resets after only counting to 18, the Long Count consistently uses base-20 only if the tun is considered the primary unit of measurement, not the kʼin; with the kʼin and winal units being the number of days in the tun. The Long Count 0.0.1.0.0 represents 360 days, rather than the 400 in a purely base-20 (
1670:
793:
1067:
967:
617:
1728:
1699:
1017:
993:
943:
917:
893:
693:
1434:
1288:
843:
593:
1405:
1318:
1259:
1201:
867:
817:
743:
717:
1612:
1230:
5027:
1043:
767:
667:
643:
1641:
1554:
1524:
1494:
1464:
1347:
1894:"Year Bearer" literally translates a Mayan concept. Its importance resides in two facts. For one, the four years headed by the Year Bearers are named after them and share their characteristics; therefore, they also have their own prognostications and patron deities. Moreover, since the Year Bearers are geographically identified with boundary markers or mountains, they help define the local community.
5017:
1131:
5 Etzʼnabʼ, 6 Kawak and 7 Ajaw. With all twenty named days used, these now began to repeat the cycle while the number sequence continues, so the next day after 7 Ajaw is 8 Imix. The repetition of these interlocking 13- and 20-day cycles therefore takes 260 days to complete (that is, for every possible combination of number/named day to occur once).
423:-20) and each unit of a given position represented 20 times the unit of the position which preceded it. An important exception was made for the second-order place value, which instead represented 18 × 20, or 360 days, more closely approximating the solar year than would 20 × 20 = 400 days. The cycles of the Long Count are independent of the solar year.
1576:
1223:
2276:
either a glyph made up of a moon glyph over a bundle with a suffix of 9 for a 29-day lunation or a moon glyph with a suffix of 10 for a 30-day lunation. Since the Maya didn't use fractions, lunations were approximated by using the formula that there were 149 lunations completed in 4400 days, which yielded a rather short mean month of exactly /
1721:
1692:
1663:
1369:
1605:
1634:
1547:
1517:
1487:
1457:
1427:
1311:
1281:
1398:
1340:
1252:
1194:
386:. It is a count of days since a mythological starting-point. According to the correlation between the Long Count and Western calendars accepted by the great majority of Maya researchers (known as the Goodman-Martinez-Thompson, or GMT, correlation), this starting-point is equivalent to August 11, 3114 BC in the
1906:
addition, just before the
Spanish conquest in Mayapan the Maya began to number the days of the Haabʼ from 1 to 20. In this system the Year Bearers are the same as in the 1 Pop – Campeche system. The Classic Year Bearer system is still in use in the Guatemalan highlands and in Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico.
2275:
seconds. As a whole number, the number of days per lunation will be either 29 or 30 days, with the 30-day intervals necessarily occurring slightly more frequently than the 29-day intervals. The Maya wrote whether the lunar month was 29 or 30 days as two glyphs: a glyph for lunation length followed by
2258:
The Maya counted the lunations. This cycle appears in the lunar series as two glyphs that modern scholars call the 'C' and 'X' glyphs. The C glyph could be prefixed with a number indicating the lunation. No prefixing number meant one, whereas the numbers two through six indicated the other lunations.
1813:
Not every possible combination of Tzolkʼin and Haabʼ can occur. For Tzolkʼin days Imix, Kimi, Chuwen and Kibʼ, the Haabʼ day can only be 4, 9, 14 or 19; for Ikʼ, Manikʼ, Ebʼ and Kabʼan, the Haabʼ day can only be 0, 5, 10 or 15; for Akbʼalʼ, Lamat, Bʼen and Etzʼnabʼ, the Haabʼ day can only be 1, 6, 11
1756:
in 16th-century orthography). The five days of Wayebʼ were thought to be a dangerous time. Foster (2002) writes, "During Wayeb, portals between the mortal realm and the
Underworld dissolved. No boundaries prevented the ill-intending deities from causing disasters." To ward off these evil spirits, the
2238:
The Maya counted the number of days in the current lunation. They used two systems for the zero date of the lunar cycle: either the first night they could see the thin crescent moon or the first morning when they could not see the waning moon. The age of the moon was depicted by a set of glyphs that
510:
The tzolkʼin calendar combines twenty day names with the thirteen day numbers to produce 260 unique days. It is used to determine the time of religious and ceremonial events and for divination. Each successive day is numbered from 1 up to 13 and then starting again at 1. Separately from this, every
1786:
Each day in the Haabʼ calendar was identified by a day number in the month followed by the name of the month. Day numbers began with a glyph translated as the "seating of" a named month, which is usually regarded as day 0 of that month, although a minority treat it as day 20 of the month preceding
1931:
Since
Calendar Round dates repeat every 18,980 days, approximately 52 solar years, the cycle repeats roughly once each lifetime, so a more refined method of dating was needed if history was to be recorded accurately. To specify dates over periods longer than 52 years, Mesoamericans used the Long
1905:
that coincided with 1 Pop. These were Akʼbʼal, Lamat, Bʼen and Edznab. During the Post-Classic period in Yucatán a third system was in use. In this system the Year
Bearers were the days that coincided with 2 Pop: Kʼan, Muluc, Ix and Kawak. This system is found in the Chronicle of Oxkutzcab. In
2429:
Tedlock, Barbara, Time and the
Highland Maya Revised edition (1992 Page 1) "Scores of indigenous Guatemalan communities, principally those speaking the Mayan languages known as Ixil, Mam, Pokomchí and Quiché, keep the 260-day cycle and (in many cases) the ancient solar cycle as well (chapter
2351:
During the late
Classic period the Maya began to use an abbreviated short count instead of the Long Count. An example of this can be found on altar 14 at Tikal. In the kingdoms of Postclassic Yucatán, the Short Count was used instead of the Long Count. The cyclical Short Count is a count of
2300:. This is described in Thompson. More examples of this can be found in Kelley. Each group of 819 days was associated with one of four colors and the cardinal direction with which it was associated – black corresponded to west, red to east, white to north and yellow to south.
1802:
A Calendar Round date is a date that gives both the Tzolkʼin and Haabʼ. This date will repeat after 52 Haabʼ years or 18,980 days, a
Calendar Round. For example, the current creation started on 4 Ahau 8 Kumkʼu. When this date recurs it is known as a Calendar Round completion.
1130:
Some systems started the count with 1 Imix, followed by 2 Ikʼ, 3 Akʼbʼal, etc. up to 13 Bʼen. The day numbers then start again at 1 while the named-day sequence continues onwards, so the next days in the sequence are 1 Ix, 2 Men, 3 Kʼibʼ, 4 Kabʼan,
2000:
Since the Long Count dates are unambiguous, the Long Count was particularly well suited to use on monuments. The monumental inscriptions would not only include the 5 digits of the Long Count, but would also include the two tzolkʼin characters followed by the two haabʼ characters.
2303:
The 819-day count can be described several ways: Most of these are referred to using a "Y" glyph and a number. Many also have a glyph for Kʼawill – the god with a smoking mirror in his head. Kʼawill has been suggested as having a link to
Jupiter. In the
1782:
have demonstrated that the names for these twenty-day periods varied considerably from region to region and from period to period, reflecting differences in the base language(s) and usage in the
Classic and Postclassic eras predating their recording by Spanish sources.
402:
in 1905 (August 11), Juan Martínez Hernández in 1926 (August 12) and
Thompson himself in 1927 (August 13). By its linear nature, the Long Count was capable of being extended to refer to any date far into the past or future. This calendar involved the use of a
307:
The essentials of the Maya calendar are based upon a system which had been in common use throughout the region, dating back to at least the 5th century BC. It shares many aspects with calendars employed by other earlier Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the
2368:
Imix, the sequence of concluding day numbers is 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 1, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 13, 11, ..., all named Ahau. The concluding day 13 Ahau was followed by the re-entering first day 1 Imix. This is the system as found in the colonial Books of
1787:
the named month. In the latter case, the seating of Pop is day 5 of Wayebʼ. For the majority, the first day of the year was 0 Pop (the seating of Pop). This was followed by 1 Pop, 2 Pop as far as 19 Pop then 0 Wo, 1 Wo and so on.
1757:
Maya had customs and rituals they practiced during Wayebʼ. For example, people avoided leaving their houses and washing or combing their hair. Bricker (1982) estimates that the Haabʼ was first used around 550 BC with a starting point of the
2217:
Each night was ruled by one of the nine lords of the underworld. This nine-day cycle was usually written as two glyphs: a glyph that referred to the Nine Lords as a group, followed by a glyph for the lord that would rule the next night.
2605:
These names come from de Landa's description of the calendar and they are commonly used by Mayanists, but the Classic Maya did not use these actual names for the day signs. The original names are unknown. See
3253:
2781:
Miles, Susanna W, "An Analysis of the Modern Middle American Calendars: A Study in Conservation." In Acculturation in the Americas. Edited by Sol Tax, pp. 273–84. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.
3692:. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University vol. 18. Translated by Tozzer, Alfred M. Charles P. Bowditch and Ralph L. Roys (additional trans.) (translation of
2439:
Miles, Susanna W, "An Analysis of the Modern Middle American Calendars: A Study in Conservation." In Acculturation in the Americas. Edited by Sol Tax, p. 273. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.
2364:), the day number of the concluding day of each successive katun is 9 greater than before (wrapping around at 13, since only 13 day numbers are used). That is, starting with the katun that begins with 1
1918:
East side of Stela C, Quirigua with the mythical creation date of 13 baktuns, 0 katuns, 0 tuns, 0 uinals, 0 kins, 4 Ahau, 8 Cumku – August 11, 3114 BC in the
2352:
13 kʼatuns (or 260 tuns), in which each kʼatun was named after its concluding day, Ahau ('Lord'). 1 Imix was selected as the recurrent 'first day' of the cycle, corresponding to 1
2259:
There was also a part of the C glyph that indicated where this fell in a larger cycle of 18 lunations. Accompanying the C glyph was the 'X' glyph that showed a similar pattern of 18 lunations.
2320:
Moon: 1 x 819 + 8 days = 28 (synodic 29.53 d) "28 months" Moon: 4 x 819 + 2 days = 111 (synodic 29.53 d) "111 months" Moon: 15 x 819 + 0.3 days = 416 (synodic 29.53 d) "416 months"
5063:
2507:"Mythological" in the sense that when the Long Count was first devised sometime in the Mid- to Late Preclassic, long after this date; see e.g. Miller and Taube (1993, p. 50).
2312:
of the four colors. The accompanying texts begin with a directional glyph and a verb for 819-day-count phrases. Anderson provides a detailed description of the 819-day count.
4612:
1122:, the main language of the inscriptions) are reconstructed on the basis of phonological evidence, if available; a '?' symbol indicates the reconstruction is tentative.
1118:
In most cases, the actual day name as spoken in the time of the Classic Period (c. 200–900) when most inscriptions were made is not known. The versions given here (in
1100:) for the named day. Note that for most of these several different forms are recorded; the ones shown here are typical of carved monumental inscriptions (these are "
4259:
1814:
or 16; for Kʼan, Muluk, Ix and Kawak, the Haabʼ day can only be 2, 7, 12 or 17; and for Chikchan, Ok, Men and Ajaw, the Haabʼ day can only be 3, 8, 13 or 18.
5056:
4877:
3713:
260:
3627:
1842:
Pop will be 5 later in the cycle of Tzolk'in day names. Similarly, since there are 13 Tzolk'in day numbers, and the remainder of 365 divided by 13 is 1 (
1134:
The earliest known inscription with a Tzolkʼin is an Olmec earspool with 2 Ahau 3 Ceh - 6.3.10.9.0, September 2, -678 (Julian astronomical).
5652:
2199:
Many Classic period inscriptions include a series of glyphs known as the Supplementary Series. The operation of this series was largely worked out by
3504:
Schele, Linda; Nickolai Grube; Federico Fahsen (October 1992). "The Lunar Series in Classic Maya Inscriptions: New Observation and Interpretations".
2016:, at Long Count 13.0.0.0.0. The date of the start of the next b'ak'tun (Long Count 14.0.0.0.0) is March 26, 2407. The date of the start of the next
2918:
Coe, William R. 'TIKAL a handbook of the ancient Maya Ruins' The University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 1967 p. 114
2881:
5335:
5049:
1962:
The Long Count calendar identifies a date by counting the number of days from the Mayan creation date 4 Ahaw, 8 Kumkʼu (August 11, 3114 BC in the
493:, to mean "count of days" (Coe 1992). The various names of this calendar as used by precolumbian Maya people are still debated by scholars. The
3742:
3300:
2675:
2630:
4404:
1748:
The Haabʼ was made up of eighteen months of twenty days each plus a period of five days ("nameless days") at the end of the year known as
3817:
4695:
449:
is attested in a few inscriptions. Repeating sets of 9 days (see below "Nine lords of the night") associated with different groups of
3667:
3589:
3539:
3486:
3431:
3386:
3350:
3230:
3199:
3168:
3132:
2961:
2581:
1901:. During the Late Classic period a different set of Year Bearers was in use in Campeche. In this system, the Year Bearers were the
5892:
2703:
331:
tradition, as documented in Colonial Yucatec accounts and reconstructed from Late Classic and Postclassic inscriptions, the deity
5902:
5325:
5199:
4354:
3709:
3514:
2005:
1926:
383:
168:
5917:
3270:
6003:
5461:
253:
5180:
3705:
3531:
5239:
200:
5877:
5229:
210:
2296:
Some Mayan monuments include glyphs that record an 819-day count in their Initial Series. These can also be found in the
5927:
5234:
5219:
4700:
4638:
4431:
3659:
3619:
3454:
2230:, the number of the lunation in a series of six, the current ruling lunar deity and the length of the current lunation.
1963:
1919:
387:
215:
191:
3787:
6008:
5224:
4538:
3866:
3616:
Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894–1895
3368:
3011:
2691:
205:
5882:
5641:
3611:
3580:. Translated by Tedlock, Dennis. with commentary based on the ancient knowledge of the modern Quiché Maya. New York:
2332:
Sun: 4 x 819 + 11 days = 9 (synodic 365.24 d) "9 years" Sun: 33 x 819 + 1 days = 74 (synodic 365.24 d) "74 years"
5998:
5993:
5897:
5330:
5286:
4872:
4513:
4022:
2246:
D glyphs were used for lunar ages for days 1 through 19, with the number of days that had passed from the new moon.
1891:
Thus, the Year Bearers are the four Tzolkʼin day names that appear in this sequence: Ik', Manik', Eb', and Kab'an.
246:
134:
36:
5557:
5456:
5439:
5429:
4642:
3342:
2953:
94:
5862:
481:) is the name commonly employed by Mayanist researchers for the Maya Sacred Round or 260-day calendar. The word
4575:
4118:
4059:
335:
is frequently credited with bringing the knowledge of the calendrical system to the ancestral Maya, along with
3955:
2356:
in the Aztec day count. The cycle was counted from katun 11 Ahau to katun 13 Ahau. Since a katun is
2690:
Zero Pop actually fell on the same day as the solstice on 12/27/−575, 12/27/−574, 12/27/−573 and 12/26/−572 (
1834:. Since there are 20 Tzolkʼin day names, 365 days in the Haabʼ, and the remainder of 365 divided by 20 is 5 (
5988:
5357:
4523:
4392:
3810:
3623:
1850:
Pop will be 1 greater than before. As such, the sequence of Tzolk'in dates corresponding to the Haab' date 0
2481:
Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala: Documento de referencia para la pronunciación de los nuevos alfabetos oficiales
54:
5627:
5076:
4349:
3973:
3252:. Carl P. Beetz (illus.) (prepared for Weekend Workshop April 7 and 8, 1984, 2nd ed.). Philadelphia:
2885:
408:
3578:
Popol Vuh: The Definitive Edition of the Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life and the Glories of Gods and Kings
445:
Less-prevalent or poorly understood cycles, combinations and calendar progressions were also tracked. An
5852:
5760:
5434:
5347:
5298:
5214:
5097:
4988:
4983:
4750:
3568:. Vol. I (Pub. 403 ed.). Washington D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 29–116.
2338:
Jupiter: 1 x 819 + 21 days = 2 (synodic 398.88 d) Jupiter: 19 x 819 + 5 days = 39 (synodic 398.88 d)
2326:
Mercury: 1 x 819 + 8 days = 7 (synodic 115.88 d) Mercury: 15 x 819 + 2 days = 106 (synodic 115.88 d)
1807:
1765:
1119:
1108:
490:
182:
5887:
4976:
3378:
The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion
2657:
2612:
5912:
5872:
5730:
5620:
5582:
5315:
5281:
4857:
4740:
4565:
4473:
4091:
3985:
3901:
3737:. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (assistant eds.). Cologne, Germany: Könemann. pp. 130–143.
3002:
2844:
Grofe, Michael John 2007 The Serpent Series: Precession in the Maya Dresden Codex page 55 p. 206
309:
2373:. In characteristic Mesoamerican fashion, these books project the cycle onto the landscape, with 13
5832:
5589:
5530:
5473:
5251:
4939:
4710:
4672:
4508:
4458:
4308:
4286:
4281:
4227:
4157:
4125:
3651:
3581:
3322:
3191:
404:
395:
5867:
5634:
4446:
2882:"Lloyd B. Anderson The Mayan 819-day Count and the "Y" Glyph: A Probable association with Jupiter"
1914:
499:
5695:
5466:
5394:
5173:
5030:
4847:
4745:
4468:
4411:
4382:
4187:
4167:
3886:
3881:
3845:
3803:
3701:
3411:
3104:
3072:
3043:
2526:
2212:
1093:
Day name, in the standardized and revised orthography of the Guatemalan Academia de Lenguas Mayas
439:
234:
3423:
3160:
3124:
3784:
This converter uses the Julian/Gregorian calendar and includes the 819 day cycle and lunar age.
2754:
For a thorough treatment of the Year Bearers, see Tedlock 1992: 89–90; 99–104 and Thompson 1966
2667:
2661:
2622:
2616:
1575:
5907:
5735:
5266:
5189:
5142:
5020:
4959:
4887:
4882:
4628:
4580:
4518:
4498:
4313:
4264:
4234:
4172:
4135:
4130:
4076:
4039:
3980:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3871:
3774:
3748:
3738:
3717:
3673:
3663:
3643:
3631:
3595:
3585:
3545:
3535:
3492:
3482:
3437:
3427:
3392:
3382:
3356:
3346:
3314:
3257:
3236:
3226:
3205:
3195:
3174:
3164:
3138:
3128:
3035:
3027:
2967:
2957:
2671:
2626:
2577:
2539:
2226:
A lunar series generally is written as five glyphs that provide information about the current
1582:
1375:
792:
399:
282:
104:
44:
2980:
5937:
5710:
5293:
4867:
4607:
4597:
4493:
4298:
4293:
4222:
4182:
4162:
4152:
4108:
4034:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3968:
3896:
3876:
3478:
3096:
3064:
3019:
3015:
2698:), if you don't account for the fact that the Maya region is in roughly time zone UT−6. See
1669:
124:
5817:
2982:
A Preliminary Classic Maya-English/English-Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings
966:
616:
5962:
5690:
5675:
5485:
5451:
5342:
5276:
5209:
4897:
4892:
4823:
4687:
4652:
4602:
4560:
4478:
4463:
4399:
4387:
4377:
4323:
4254:
4244:
4177:
4140:
4081:
4044:
3997:
3992:
3310:
2906:
2023, John H. Linden, Victoria R. Bricker, The Maya 819-Day Count and Planetary Astronomy
2707:
2386:
2268:
2009:
1967:
1758:
1016:
992:
942:
916:
892:
692:
391:
177:
74:
5957:
5613:
4677:
4451:
378:
A different calendar was used to track longer periods of time and for the inscription of
1727:
1698:
1368:
1066:
842:
592:
5967:
5725:
5379:
4862:
4720:
4585:
4570:
4528:
4503:
4441:
4436:
4359:
4344:
4318:
4271:
4249:
4239:
4145:
4113:
4098:
4066:
4049:
4017:
3891:
3850:
3840:
3700:, with notes, commentary, and appendices incorporating translated excerpts of works by
3693:
3573:
3471:
3154:
3150:
3116:
3084:
2699:
2695:
2653:
2608:
2411:
2406:
2200:
1769:
1691:
1662:
1433:
1287:
1112:
866:
816:
742:
716:
450:
420:
372:
348:
336:
328:
321:
109:
89:
1404:
1317:
1258:
1200:
1042:
766:
666:
642:
5982:
5947:
5942:
5575:
5446:
5404:
5384:
5369:
5305:
5166:
4590:
4533:
4488:
4483:
4328:
4303:
4276:
4217:
4200:
4071:
4054:
3935:
3906:
3730:
3685:
3466:
3416:
3108:
3076:
3047:
2941:
2391:
2305:
2297:
2046:
2020:(a complete series of 20 bʼakʼtuns), at Long Count 1.0.0.0.0.0, is October 13, 4772.
1898:
1791:
412:
379:
149:
129:
84:
3558:
1611:
1426:
1280:
1229:
5827:
5765:
5755:
5750:
5570:
5564:
5419:
5409:
5389:
4927:
4902:
4777:
4705:
4195:
3607:
3462:
3376:
3100:
2401:
2370:
1774:
1764:
The Haabʼ month names are known today by their corresponding names in colonial-era
159:
154:
69:
64:
2562:
Classic-era reconstructions are as per Kettunen and Helmke (2020), pp. 56–57.
1720:
1640:
1553:
1523:
1493:
1463:
1346:
5041:
1794:
is 365.2422 days, the days of the Haabʼ did not coincide with the tropical year.
1222:
375:. The Calendar Round is still in use by many groups in the Guatemalan highlands.
5802:
5720:
5596:
5535:
5399:
5352:
5112:
4907:
4833:
4802:
4797:
4715:
4553:
4205:
1902:
1897:
The classic system of Year Bearers described above is found at Tikal and in the
1823:
1779:
1604:
1147:
474:
469:
462:
431:
359:
285:
119:
79:
3477:(originally published New York: Morrow, 1990, pbk reprint ed.). New York:
3000:
Bricker, Victoria R. (February 1982). "The Origin of the Maya Solar Calendar".
2450:"Maya Calendar Origins: Monuments, Mythistory, and the Materialization of Time"
382:(i.e., identifying when one event occurred in relation to others). This is the
5715:
5374:
5320:
5132:
5127:
5107:
4922:
4917:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4662:
4212:
4027:
3372:
2249:
For lunar ages 20 to 30, an E glyph was used, with the number of days from 20.
1633:
1546:
1516:
1486:
1456:
1310:
144:
139:
3658:. Civilization of the American Indian Series, No. 56 (3rd ed.). Norman:
3496:
3405:
Maya Calendar Origins: Monuments, Mythistory, and the Materialization of Time
3318:
3031:
2203:. The Supplementary Series most commonly consists of the following elements:
5685:
5606:
5310:
5000:
4964:
4932:
4828:
4807:
4787:
3911:
3781:
3752:
3635:
3599:
3441:
3396:
3360:
3305:
3261:
3209:
3178:
3142:
3087:(1965). "A Model of Ancient Maya Community Structure in the Maya Lowlands".
3039:
2971:
2907:
1975:
1397:
1339:
1251:
1193:
1101:
486:
416:
289:
99:
5520:
3549:
17:
3721:
3677:
3639:
3240:
2012:. December 21, 2012 was simply the day that the calendar went to the next
1810:
of 260 and 365; 18,980 is 73 × 260 Tzolkʼin days and 52 × 365 Haabʼ days.
5952:
5812:
5797:
5780:
5775:
5515:
5364:
5137:
5117:
5092:
4995:
4971:
4792:
4548:
3826:
2486:
2449:
2396:
2353:
2227:
1831:
1743:
1097:
435:
368:
293:
278:
367:. The Tzolkin was combined with a 365-day vague solar year known as the
5842:
5807:
5700:
5525:
5271:
5102:
1971:
504:
332:
301:
1778:
of Chumayel). Phonemic analyses of Haabʼ glyph names in pre-Columbian
5792:
5740:
5705:
5510:
3769:
3341:. The Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin:
2017:
2013:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
317:
297:
5158:
3055:
Chambers, David Wade (1965). "Did the Maya Know the Metonic Cycle".
2871:
Star Gods of the Maya Susan Milbrath 1999, University of Texas Press
357:
of different lengths. The 260-day count is known to scholars as the
3515:"We Finally Know How The Maya Calendar Matches Up With The Planets"
3068:
3023:
5837:
5822:
5770:
5680:
5670:
5665:
5540:
5122:
4782:
2309:
1913:
516:
494:
313:
5505:
5478:
5147:
5087:
5072:
4912:
3339:
Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars
2323:
Draconic: 31 x 819 days = 933 (draconic 27.21 d) "nodal months"
5162:
5045:
3799:
2862:
Decipherment of Maya Script, David Kelley 1973 pp. 56–57
2790:
Thompson, J. Eric S. Maya Hieroglyphic Writing, 1950 Page 236
2377:'Lordships' dividing the land of Yucatán into 13 'kingdoms'.
1090:
The sequence number of the named day in the Tzolkʼin calendar
511:
day is given a name in sequence from a list of 20 day names:
371:
to form a synchronized cycle lasting for 52 Haabʼ called the
3795:
1970:-3113 astronomical dating). But instead of using a base-10 (
339:
in general and other foundational aspects of Mayan culture.
3418:
The Story of Writing: Alphabets, Hieroglyphs and Pictograms
2360:
days long, and the remainder of 7200 divided by 13 is 11 (
2243:
A new moon glyph was used for day zero in the lunar cycle.
1806:
Arithmetically, the duration of the Calendar Round is the
453:, animals and other significant concepts are also known.
3294:. The Eight Palenque Round Table, 1993. pp. 343–356.
2267:
The present era lunar synodic period is about 29.5305877
1768:, as transcribed by 16th-century sources (in particular,
3729:
Voss, Alexander (2006). "Astronomy and Mathematics". In
2576:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. p. 20.
2574:
The Book of the Year MIDDLE AMERICAN CALENDRICAL SYSTEMS
1115:; this orthography has (until recently) been widely used
394:(−3113 astronomical). The GMT correlation was chosen by
3690:
Landa's Relación de las cosas de Yucatán: a translation
3656:
Maya Hieroglyphic Writing: An Introduction, 3rd Edition
3473:
A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya
407:
system, in which each position signified an increasing
3506:
Texas Notes on Precolumbian Art, Writing, and Culture
2884:. Traditional High Cultures Home Page. Archived from
1981:
There are also four rarely used higher-order cycles:
5926:
5851:
5651:
5549:
5494:
5418:
5259:
5198:
4952:
4816:
4770:
4759:
4729:
4686:
4621:
4424:
4370:
4337:
3920:
3859:
3833:
3016:
Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research
2479:Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala (1988).
3470:
3415:
2489:community, see Kettunen & Helmke (2020), p. 7.
2483:. Guatemala City: Instituto Indigenista Nacional.
353:The Maya calendar consists of several cycles or
3225:, English ed.). New York: Delacorte Press.
3219:Mayan Enigma: The Search for a Lost Civilization
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
1846:), the Tzolk'in day number for each successive 0
398:in 1935 on the basis of earlier correlations by
3407:(Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2007) .
2853:Maya Hieroglyphic Writing 1971 pp. 212–217
2727:For further details, see Thompson 1966: 123–124
2341:Saturn: 6 x 819 - 1 days = 13 (synod 378.09 d)
2335:Mars: 20 x 819 + 2 days = 21 (synodic 779.9 d)
2010:cataclysm would take place on December 21, 2012
3272:Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: 17th edition
3221:. Elaine P. Halperin (trans.) (translation of
2329:Venus: 5 x 819 + 8 days = 7 (synodic 583.9 d)
1838:), the Tzolkʼin day name for each successive 0
5174:
5057:
3811:
3301:"Does Maya calendar predict 2012 apocalypse?"
3254:University Museum, University of Pennsylvania
3123:(4th revised ed.). London and New York:
515:Tzolkʼin calendar: named days and associated
254:
8:
3618:(EBook online reproduction). Washington DC:
3190:. with Foreword by Peter Mathews. New York:
2485:For details and notes on adoption among the
2271:or about 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes and 2+/
426:Many Maya Long Count inscriptions contain a
3714:Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
3269:Kettunen, Harri; Christophe Helmke (2020).
2808:Thompson Maya Hieroglyphic Writing 1950:240
2525:See separate brief Knowledge (XXG) article
2284:days = 29 days 12 hours 43 minutes and 29+/
316:and contemporary or later ones such as the
5181:
5167:
5159:
5064:
5050:
5042:
5016:
4767:
3928:
3818:
3804:
3796:
3188:Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World
2596:Kettunen and Helmke (2020), pp. 58–59
2474:
2472:
2008:was the basis for a popular belief that a
1719:
1690:
1661:
1632:
1603:
1574:
1545:
1515:
1485:
1455:
1425:
1396:
1367:
1338:
1309:
1279:
1250:
1221:
1192:
261:
247:
31:
27:Calendar used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
2952:, revised and updated ed.). Austin:
2908:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536122000323
438:in a series of six and which of the nine
427:
2466:, in Miller and Taube (1993), pp.99–100.
2316:Synodic periods of the classical planets
2022:
1141:
1107:Day name, as recorded from 16th-century
513:
3299:MacDonald, G. Jeffrey (27 March 2007).
2666:. London: Thames & Hudson. p.
2621:. London: Thames & Hudson. p.
2422:
1939:. Twenty of these kʼins are known as a
1790:Because the Haabʼ had 365 days and the
190:
167:
43:
3292:The Deity Head Variants of the C Glyph
2736:Kettunen and Helmke (2020), p. 51
288:and in many modern communities in the
3735:Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest
3566:Contributions to American Archaeology
7:
3712:. English ed.). Cambridge, MA:
3451:The Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel
3089:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
430:, which provides information on the
25:
3557:Teeple, John E. (November 1931).
2239:mayanists coined glyphs D and E:
5250:
5026:
5025:
5015:
3710:Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas
3698:Relación de las cosas de Yucatán
3642:on January 22, 2007 – via
2288:seconds, or about 29.5302 days.
2006:Mesoamerican Long Count calendar
1927:Mesoamerican Long Count calendar
1726:
1697:
1668:
1639:
1610:
1581:
1552:
1522:
1492:
1462:
1432:
1403:
1374:
1345:
1316:
1286:
1257:
1228:
1199:
1065:
1041:
1015:
991:
965:
941:
915:
891:
865:
841:
815:
791:
765:
741:
715:
691:
665:
641:
615:
591:
228:
53:
4878:English and British regnal year
3628:U.S. Government Printing Office
2540:"Day Sign Notes: Men / Tz'ikin"
497:calendar equivalent was called
3706:Francisco Cervantes de Salazar
3612:"Day Symbols of the Maya Year"
3532:University of New Mexico Press
3530:(rev. ed.). Albuquerque:
3101:10.1086/soutjanth.21.2.3629386
2718:Boot (2002), pp. 111–114.
1:
3381:. London: Thames and Hudson.
2950:Skywatchers of Ancient Mexico
1951:. Twenty tuns are known as a
3770:Day Symbols of the Maya Year
3660:University of Oklahoma Press
3620:Bureau of American Ethnology
3455:University of Oklahoma Press
3250:Deciphering Maya Hieroglyphs
2538:Stuart, David (2024-04-19).
1964:proleptic Gregorian calendar
1935:The Maya name for a day was
1920:proleptic Gregorian calendar
388:proleptic Gregorian calendar
192:Spanish conquest of the Maya
3248:Jones, Christopher (1984).
3012:University of Chicago Press
2692:astronomical year numbering
2572:Edmonson, Munro S. (1988).
1947:. Eighteen winals make one
1179:Reconstructed Classic Maya
411:of the number of days. The
6025:
5903:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
3788:Interactive Maya Calendars
3528:Time and the Highland Maya
3223:Découvertes chez les Mayas
2948:(originally published as:
2826:Schele, Grube, Fahsen 1992
2210:
1924:
1830:Pop, the first day of the
1741:
1082:
550:
460:
346:
5558:Annals of the Cakchiquels
5248:
5083:
5011:
3931:
3778:1897 text by Cyrus Thomas
3614:. In J. W. Powell (ed.).
3526:Tedlock, Barbara (1992).
3343:University of Texas Press
2954:University of Texas Press
2025:Table of Long Count units
2004:Misinterpretation of the
1826:day name that occurs on 0
396:John Eric Sydney Thompson
3513:Taub, Ben (2023-04-19).
3337:Milbrath, Susan (1999).
3290:Linden, John H. (1996).
3278:. Couvin, Belgium: Wayeb
3217:Ivanoff, Pierre (1971).
3186:Foster, Lynn V. (2002).
2706:August 23, 2012, at the
2516:Voss (2006, p. 138)
1955:. Twenty kʼatuns make a
477:; also commonly written
434:, number of the current
35:This article is part of
5918:Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ
5878:Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat
3946:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)
3782:date converter at FAMSI
3624:Smithsonian Institution
3449:Roys, Ralph L. (1967).
3422:. London and New York:
2927:Roys 1967: 132, 184–185
2663:Reading the Maya Glyphs
2618:Reading the Maya Glyphs
390:or September 6, in the
6004:Astrology by tradition
5077:religion and mythology
4977:Dungeons & Dragons
4383:Ethiopian and Eritrean
3156:Breaking the Maya Code
1966:or September 6 in the
1922:
1772:and books such as the
1111:accounts, principally
235:Mesoamerica portal
5893:Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ
5883:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
5642:Título de Totonicapán
5215:Classic Maya collapse
4989:The Lord of the Rings
4696:Hanke–Henry Permanent
3704:, Tomás López Medel,
2308:almanac 59 there are
1917:
1822:A "Year Bearer" is a
1808:least common multiple
347:Further information:
183:Classic Maya collapse
5898:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
5621:Ritual of the Bacabs
5282:Twin-pyramid complex
3652:Thompson, J. Eric S.
3630:. pp. 199–266.
3582:Simon & Schuster
3003:Current Anthropology
2817:Linden 1996:343–356.
2498:Tedlock (1992), p. 1
2402:Tres Zapotes#Stela C
2195:Supplementary Series
1854:Pop are as follows:
428:supplementary series
5863:Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
5833:Xmucane and Xpiacoc
5628:Songs of Dzitbalché
4701:International Fixed
4639:Proleptic Gregorian
4260:Slavic Native Faith
3424:Thames & Hudson
3403:Rice, Prudence M.,
3161:Thames & Hudson
3125:Thames & Hudson
2979:Boot, Erik (2002).
2027:
1151:
604:Imix (?) / Haʼ (?)
519:
413:Maya numeral system
405:positional notation
6009:Obsolete calendars
5888:Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
5696:Howler monkey gods
4371:Christian variants
3702:Gaspar Antonio Chi
3010:(1). Chicago, IL:
2745:Thompson 1966: 124
2527:Lords of the Night
2362:7200 = 553×13 + 11
2254:Count of Lunations
2213:Lords of the Night
2207:Lords of the Night
2023:
1923:
1733:five unlucky days
1142:
1096:An example glyph (
514:
440:Lords of the Night
5999:Ancient calendars
5994:Ancient astronomy
5976:
5975:
5913:Yuknoom Chʼeen II
5873:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
5191:Maya civilization
5156:
5155:
5143:Wheel of the Year
5039:
5038:
5021:List of calendars
4948:
4947:
4647:historiographical
4514:French Republican
4420:
4419:
4178:Manipuri (Meitei)
3775:Project Gutenberg
3744:978-3-8331-1957-6
3686:Tozzer, Alfred M.
3644:Project Gutenberg
2942:Aveni, Anthony F.
2677:978-0-500-28553-4
2632:978-0-500-28553-4
2544:Maya Decipherment
2192:
2191:
1780:Maya inscriptions
1740:
1739:
1128:
1127:
329:Maya mythological
271:
270:
46:Maya civilization
16:(Redirected from
6016:
5938:Lady Eveningstar
5930:
5855:
5655:
5498:
5422:
5254:
5220:Spanish conquest
5202:
5192:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5160:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5043:
5029:
5028:
5019:
5018:
4883:Human (Holocene)
4868:Chinese Imperial
4768:
4688:Reform proposals
4643:Proleptic Julian
4405:Eastern Orthodox
4035:Germanic heathen
4013:Earthly Branches
3929:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3797:
3777:
3756:
3725:
3681:
3647:
3638:. Archived from
3603:
3569:
3563:
3559:"Maya Astronomy"
3553:
3522:
3509:
3500:
3479:Harper Perennial
3476:
3458:
3445:
3421:
3412:Robinson, Andrew
3400:
3364:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3321:. Archived from
3295:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3265:
3244:
3213:
3182:
3146:
3112:
3080:
3051:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2987:
2975:
2928:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2772:Tedlock 1992: 92
2770:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2658:Mark L Van Stone
2650:
2637:
2636:
2613:Mark L Van Stone
2603:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2476:
2467:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2188:
2172:
2156:
2140:
2124:
2108:
2092:
2028:
1932:Count calendar.
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1730:
1723:
1701:
1694:
1672:
1665:
1643:
1636:
1614:
1607:
1585:
1578:
1556:
1549:
1526:
1519:
1496:
1489:
1466:
1459:
1436:
1429:
1407:
1400:
1378:
1371:
1349:
1342:
1320:
1313:
1290:
1283:
1261:
1254:
1232:
1225:
1203:
1196:
1175:Meaning of glyph
1152:
1069:
1045:
1019:
995:
969:
945:
919:
895:
869:
845:
819:
795:
769:
745:
719:
695:
669:
645:
619:
595:
520:
473:(in modern Maya
415:was essentially
263:
256:
249:
233:
232:
231:
57:
47:
32:
21:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6013:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5963:Wak Chanil Ajaw
5928:
5922:
5853:
5847:
5653:
5647:
5545:
5496:
5490:
5462:Human sacrifice
5420:
5414:
5277:Triadic pyramid
5255:
5246:
5210:Preclassic Maya
5200:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5157:
5152:
5079:
5070:
5040:
5035:
5007:
4944:
4898:Nirayana system
4824:Ab urbe condita
4812:
4764:
4762:
4755:
4734:
4732:
4725:
4682:
4633:anthropological
4617:
4416:
4400:Liturgical year
4366:
4333:
3925:
3923:
3916:
3855:
3829:
3824:
3793:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3745:
3728:
3684:
3670:
3650:
3606:
3592:
3574:Tedlock, Dennis
3572:
3561:
3556:
3542:
3525:
3512:
3503:
3489:
3461:
3448:
3434:
3410:
3389:
3367:
3353:
3336:
3328:
3326:
3311:Gannett Company
3298:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3247:
3233:
3216:
3202:
3185:
3171:
3151:Coe, Michael D.
3149:
3135:
3117:Coe, Michael D.
3115:
3085:Coe, Michael D.
3083:
3054:
3014:, sponsored by
2999:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2964:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2708:Wayback Machine
2689:
2685:
2678:
2654:Coe, Michael D.
2652:
2651:
2640:
2633:
2609:Coe, Michael D.
2607:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2387:2012 phenomenon
2383:
2365:
2361:
2358:20 × 360 = 7200
2357:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2294:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2269:mean solar days
2265:
2263:Lunation length
2256:
2236:
2224:
2215:
2209:
2197:
2186:
2170:
2154:
2138:
2122:
2106:
2090:
2045:
2037:
2032:
1968:Julian calendar
1929:
1912:
1889:
1851:
1847:
1844:365 = 28×13 + 1
1843:
1839:
1836:365 = 18×20 + 5
1835:
1827:
1820:
1800:
1759:winter solstice
1746:
1176:
1169:Classic Period
1166:
1161:
1156:
1140:
577:
569:
564:
559:
554:
547:
539:
534:
529:
524:
465:
459:
392:Julian calendar
351:
345:
322:Aztec calendars
277:is a system of
267:
229:
227:
220:
178:Preclassic Maya
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6022:
6020:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5989:Maya calendars
5981:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5908:Yoʼnal Ahk III
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5859:
5857:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5568:
5561:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5474:Social classes
5471:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5336:Maritime trade
5333:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5163:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5046:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5023:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4969:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4873:Chinese Minguo
4870:
4865:
4863:Before Present
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4765:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4439:
4434:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4360:Calendar round
4357:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4018:Heavenly Stems
4015:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3800:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3763:
3762:External links
3760:
3758:
3757:
3743:
3726:
3694:Diego de Landa
3688:, ed. (1941).
3682:
3668:
3648:
3604:
3590:
3576:, ed. (1985).
3570:
3554:
3540:
3523:
3510:
3501:
3487:
3459:
3446:
3432:
3408:
3401:
3387:
3365:
3351:
3334:
3309:. McLean, VA:
3296:
3287:
3266:
3245:
3231:
3214:
3200:
3183:
3169:
3147:
3133:
3113:
3081:
3069:10.1086/350004
3063:(3): 348–351.
3052:
3024:10.1086/202782
2997:
2976:
2962:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2899:
2888:on May 6, 2015
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2835:Teeple 1931:67
2828:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2799:Teeple 1931:53
2792:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2696:Universal Time
2683:
2676:
2638:
2631:
2598:
2589:
2582:
2564:
2555:
2530:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2468:
2455:
2441:
2432:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2412:Aztec calendar
2409:
2407:Maya Astronomy
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2235:
2232:
2223:
2220:
2211:Main article:
2208:
2205:
2201:John E. Teeple
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:23,040,000,000
2181:
2180:20 Kʼinchiltun
2178:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
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2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2117:
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2110:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2098:
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2093:
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2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2034:
1925:Main article:
1911:
1908:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1819:
1816:
1799:
1798:Calendar Round
1796:
1770:Diego de Landa
1742:Main article:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1678:
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1673:
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1527:
1520:
1513:
1508:
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1503:
1500:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1443:
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1437:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1379:
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1331:
1327:
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1219:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1139:
1136:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1113:Diego de Landa
1105:
1094:
1091:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1052:
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1013:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
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989:
984:
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979:
976:
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958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
939:
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930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
913:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
889:
884:
880:
879:
876:
873:
870:
863:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
839:
834:
830:
829:
826:
823:
820:
813:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
789:
784:
780:
779:
776:
773:
770:
763:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
739:
734:
730:
729:
726:
723:
720:
713:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
689:
684:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
663:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
639:
634:
630:
629:
626:
623:
620:
613:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
589:
584:
580:
579:
578:Classic Maya
574:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
549:
548:Classic Maya
544:
541:
536:
531:
526:
461:Main article:
458:
455:
400:Joseph Goodman
380:calendar dates
373:Calendar Round
349:Maya astronomy
344:
341:
269:
268:
266:
265:
258:
251:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:
222:
221:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
195:
194:
188:
187:
186:
185:
180:
172:
171:
165:
164:
163:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
59:
58:
50:
49:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6021:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5948:Lady of Tikal
5946:
5944:
5943:Lady of Itzan
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:Haʼ Kʼin Xook
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5850:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5635:Título Cʼoyoi
5632:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5467:Death rituals
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5253:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5193:
5184:
5179:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5062:
5060:
5055:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5032:
5024:
5022:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:Anno Martyrum
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4763:and numbering
4758:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4678:'Pataphysical
4676:
4674:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:Tōnalpōhualli
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:Vikram Samvat
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4055:Vikram Samvat
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3809:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3731:Nikolai Grube
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3669:0-8061-0447-3
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3608:Thomas, Cyrus
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3591:0-671-45241-X
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3541:0-8263-0577-6
3537:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3488:0-688-11204-8
3484:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3467:David Freidel
3464:
3463:Schele, Linda
3460:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3433:0-500-28156-4
3429:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3388:0-500-05068-6
3384:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3352:0-292-75225-3
3348:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3325:on 2008-03-16
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3232:0-440-05528-8
3228:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3201:0-8160-4148-2
3197:
3193:
3192:Facts on File
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3170:0-500-05061-9
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3134:0-500-27455-X
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2963:0-292-70504-2
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2700:IMCCE seasons
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2583:0-87480-288-1
2579:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2462:See entry on
2459:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Maya religion
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2355:
2346:
2344:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:Dresden codex
2301:
2299:
2298:Dresden codex
2292:819-day count
2291:
2289:
2270:
2262:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2167:1,152,000,000
2166:
2163:
2161:1 Kʼinchiltun
2160:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:Dresden Codex
1895:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1833:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1792:tropical year
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
988:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
971:
968:
964:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
940:
938:
935:
932:
931:
927:
924:
921:
918:
914:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
890:
888:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
864:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
838:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
821:
818:
814:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
790:
788:
785:
782:
781:
777:
774:
771:
768:
764:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
740:
738:
735:
732:
731:
727:
724:
721:
718:
714:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
688:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
671:
668:
664:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
640:
638:
635:
632:
631:
627:
624:
621:
618:
614:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
590:
588:
585:
582:
581:
576:Reconstructed
575:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
546:Reconstructed
545:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
521:
518:
512:
508:
506:
502:
501:
500:Tōnalpōhualli
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:
464:
456:
454:
452:
448:
447:819-day Count
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:
356:
350:
342:
340:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:
283:pre-Columbian
280:
276:
275:Maya calendar
264:
259:
257:
252:
250:
245:
244:
242:
241:
236:
226:
225:
224:
223:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
197:
196:
193:
189:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
170:
166:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
61:
60:
56:
52:
51:
48:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5828:Vucub Caquix
5787:
5756:Ah-Muzen-Cab
5747:Post-Classic
5736:Moon goddess
5640:
5633:
5626:
5619:
5614:Rabinal Achí
5612:
5605:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5565:Chilam Balam
5563:
5556:
5495:
5267:Architecture
4999:
4987:
4984:Middle-earth
4975:
4963:
4733:applications
4731:Displays and
4641: /
4622:By specialty
4591:
4543:
4452:Xiuhpōhualli
4350:Mesoamerican
4196:Nepal Sambat
3867:Astronomical
3792:
3768:
3734:
3697:
3689:
3655:
3640:the original
3615:
3577:
3565:
3527:
3518:
3505:
3472:
3450:
3417:
3404:
3377:
3369:Miller, Mary
3338:
3327:. Retrieved
3323:the original
3304:
3291:
3280:. Retrieved
3271:
3249:
3222:
3218:
3187:
3155:
3120:
3092:
3088:
3060:
3056:
3007:
3001:
2990:. Retrieved
2981:
2949:
2945:
2923:
2914:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2886:the original
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2763:See Coe 1965
2759:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2686:
2662:
2617:
2601:
2592:
2573:
2567:
2558:
2547:. Retrieved
2543:
2533:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2480:
2463:
2458:
2444:
2435:
2425:
2374:
2371:Chilam Balam
2350:
2343:
2302:
2295:
2266:
2257:
2237:
2225:
2222:Lunar Series
2216:
2198:
2044:Approximate
2024:
2003:
1999:
1980:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1821:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1789:
1785:
1775:Chilam Balam
1773:
1766:Yukatek Maya
1763:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1714:
1685:
1656:
1627:
1598:
1569:
1540:
1510:
1480:
1450:
1420:
1391:
1362:
1333:
1304:
1274:
1245:
1216:
1187:
1170:
1150:in sequence
1146:: names and
1144:Haabʼ months
1143:
1133:
1129:
1120:Classic Maya
1109:Yucatec Maya
1084:
1083:
1060:
1036:
1010:
986:
960:
936:
910:
904:Manichʼ (?)
886:
860:
836:
810:
786:
760:
736:
710:
704:Akʼbʼal (?)
686:
660:
636:
610:
586:
509:
498:
491:Yucatec Maya
482:
478:
468:
466:
446:
444:
425:
377:
364:
358:
354:
352:
326:
306:
274:
272:
114:
105:Architecture
29:
5968:Yohl Ikʼnal
5803:Hun Hunahpu
5721:Kinich Ahau
5711:Jaguar gods
5113:Eschatology
4834:Anno Domini
4803:Regnal year
4798:Regnal name
4771:Terminology
4761:Year naming
4716:Symmetry454
4566:Pentecontad
4489:Culāsakaraj
4474:Cappadocian
4206:Yele Sambat
4092:Zoroastrian
3986:Bangladeshi
3924:limited use
3902:Solar Hijri
3897:Lunar Hijri
3860:In wide use
3018:: 101–103.
2946:Skywatchers
2347:Short count
2164:20 Kalabtun
2132:20 Bʼakʼtun
2047:Solar Years
2036:Long Count
2031:Long Count
1991:kʼinchiltun
1818:Year Bearer
1532:chaksiho'm
1171:glyph sign
1104:" versions)
475:orthography
432:lunar phase
292:highlands,
286:Mesoamerica
18:Great cycle
5983:Categories
5818:Qʼuqʼumatz
5691:Hero Twins
5676:Death gods
5550:Literature
5486:Households
5452:Priesthood
5133:Golden Age
5128:Heortology
5123:Eviternity
5108:Divination
4940:Vietnamese
4853:Anno Mundi
4843:Anno Lucis
4838:Common Era
4741:Electronic
4711:Positivist
4673:Discordian
4663:Dreamspell
4598:Sexagenary
4539:Macedonian
4509:Florentine
4459:Babylonian
4425:Historical
4355:Long Count
4309:Vietnamese
4265:Macedonian
4228:Nanakshahi
4158:Lithuanian
4028:Solar term
3519:IFLScience
3453:. Norman:
3373:Karl Taube
3329:2009-05-28
3282:2020-10-06
3159:. London:
2992:2006-11-10
2934:References
2549:2024-05-01
2187:63,081,429
2151:57,600,000
2145:1 Kalabtun
2113:1 Bʼakʼtun
1910:Long Count
1677:k'anasiiy
1502:saksiho'm
1472:yaxsiho'm
1442:ik'siho'm
1208:k'anjalaw
1165:Hieroglyph
1054:(unknown)
1028:(unknown)
1004:(unknown)
978:(unknown)
928:Chabʼ (?)
878:(unknown)
804:(unknown)
775:Iʼx, Balam
678:(unknown)
628:(unknown)
507:language.
489:coined in
384:Long Count
304:, Mexico.
290:Guatemalan
5958:Sak Kʼukʼ
5788:Popol Vuh
5726:Maize god
5686:Goddess I
5607:Popol Vuh
5457:Sacrifice
5440:Midwifery
5430:Childhood
5380:Mythology
5343:Languages
5230:Guatemala
5001:Star Trek
4965:Discworld
4960:Discworld
4953:Fictional
4829:Anka year
4808:Year zero
4788:Leap year
4746:Perpetual
4469:Byzantine
4188:Mongolian
4168:Malayalam
3912:Unix time
3887:Gregorian
3882:Ethiopian
3846:Lunisolar
3827:Calendars
3497:145324300
3319:0734-7456
3306:USA Today
3109:130245359
3077:145711182
3048:143962107
3032:0011-3204
2988:. Mesoweb
2892:March 30,
2177:1 Alautun
2171:3,154,071
2148:20 Piktun
2135:2,880,000
2116:20 Kʼatun
1978:) count.
1976:vigesimal
1877:12 Kab'an
1102:cartouche
854:Cham (?)
754:Kʼan (?)
570:Yucatec
565:example
540:Yucatec
535:example
503:, in the
487:neologism
417:vigesimal
279:calendars
211:Guatemala
110:Astronomy
95:Sacrifice
90:Mythology
75:Languages
5953:Lady Xoc
5813:Jacawitz
5798:Camazotz
5781:Yum Kaax
5776:Kukulkan
5536:Tzolkʼin
5497:Calendar
5447:Religion
5405:Textiles
5385:Numerals
5370:Medicine
5365:Mayanist
5306:Ceramics
5299:Graffiti
5138:Prophecy
5118:Eternity
5093:Calendar
5031:Category
4996:Stardate
4972:Greyhawk
4903:Seleucid
4888:Japanese
4858:Assyrian
4793:New Year
4629:Holocene
4581:Rapa Nui
4554:Tzolkʼin
4519:Germanic
4499:Egyptian
4235:Romanian
4213:Nisg̱a'a
4173:Mandaean
4163:Maithili
4136:Javanese
4131:Japanese
4086:medieval
4040:Georgian
3951:Assyrian
3941:Armenian
3872:Buddhist
3753:71165439
3654:(1971).
3636:14963920
3610:(1897).
3600:11467786
3469:(1992).
3442:59432784
3414:(2000).
3397:27667317
3375:(1993).
3361:40848420
3262:11641566
3210:50676955
3179:26605966
3153:(1992).
3143:15895415
3121:The Maya
3119:(1987).
3040:62217742
2972:45195586
2944:(2001).
2704:Archived
2660:(2005).
2615:(2005).
2487:Mayanist
2397:Mayanism
2381:See also
2354:Cipactli
2234:Moon age
2228:lunation
2129:1 Piktun
2097:1 Kʼatun
2084:18 Winal
2014:bʼakʼtun
1987:kalabtun
1957:bʼakʼtun
1903:Tzolkʼin
1883:1 Manik'
1868:4 Kabʼan
1862:2 Manikʼ
1824:Tzolkʼin
1736:wayhaab
1570:Kʼankʼin
1383:yaxk'in
1160:Yucatec
1098:logogram
961:Etzʼnabʼ
954:Ekʼ (?)
828:Men (?)
798:Chicchan
787:Chikchan
778:Hix (?)
701:Aqʼabʼal
543:K'iche'
483:tzolkʼin
470:tzolkʼin
463:Tzolkʼin
457:Tzolkʼin
436:lunation
409:multiple
365:Tzolkʼin
343:Overview
294:Veracruz
281:used in
150:Medicine
130:Textiles
115:Calendar
85:Religion
37:a series
5843:Zipacna
5808:Huracan
5716:Kʼawiil
5701:Itzamna
5662:Classic
5654:Deities
5584:Grolier
5577:Dresden
5571:Codices
5421:Society
5410:Warfare
5348:Classic
5326:Economy
5316:Cuisine
5287:Revival
5272:E-Group
5240:Yucatán
5225:Chiapas
5201:History
5103:Destiny
5098:Deities
4928:Dvapara
4908:Spanish
4817:Systems
4667:New Age
4657:Martian
4613:Turkmen
4608:Swedish
4494:Coligny
4432:Arabian
4393:Revised
4299:Tripuri
4294:Tibetan
4250:Sesotho
4223:Punjabi
4183:Melanau
4153:Kurdish
4119:Tabular
4109:Islamic
4077:Iranian
4008:Chinese
4003:Burmese
3981:Bengali
3969:Pawukon
3922:In more
3877:Chinese
3834:Systems
3733:(ed.).
3550:7653289
2464:Itzamna
2155:157,704
2119:144,000
2076:
2070:20 Kʼin
2067:1 Winal
2062:
1995:alautun
1972:decimal
1648:paxiil
1619:muwaan
1363:Yaxkʼin
1354:chikin
1325:kaseew
1266:chakat
728:C'klab
687:Akʼbʼal
573:Quiché
568:16th-c.
538:16th-c.
505:Nahuatl
479:tzolkin
451:deities
442:rules.
419:(i.e.,
360:Tzolkin
337:writing
333:Itzamna
327:By the
310:Zapotec
302:Chiapas
206:Chiapas
201:Yucatán
169:History
160:Warfare
155:Cuisine
80:Writing
70:Society
5929:Queens
5793:Awilix
5741:Yopaat
5706:Ixchel
5591:Madrid
5521:Kʼatun
5511:Baktun
5400:Stelae
5390:People
5353:Script
5311:Cities
5260:Topics
4893:Korean
4653:Darian
4603:Soviet
4576:Qumran
4561:Muisca
4479:Celtic
4464:Bulgar
4412:Saints
4388:Julian
4378:Coptic
4324:Yoruba
4255:Slavic
4245:Somali
4192:Nepal
4141:Korean
4103:Gaelic
4082:Jalali
4045:Hebrew
4023:Minguo
3998:Borana
3993:Berber
3956:Baháʼí
3751:
3741:
3722:625693
3720:
3708:, and
3678:275252
3676:
3666:
3634:
3598:
3588:
3548:
3538:
3495:
3485:
3440:
3430:
3395:
3385:
3359:
3349:
3317:
3260:
3241:150172
3239:
3229:
3208:
3198:
3177:
3167:
3141:
3131:
3107:
3075:
3046:
3038:
3030:
2970:
2960:
2674:
2629:
2580:
2375:Ahauob
2366:
2310:Chaacs
2280:= 29+/
2100:20 Tun
2056:
2053:1 Kʼin
2038:period
2018:piktun
1993:, and
1983:piktun
1953:kʼatun
1880:13 Ik'
1852:
1848:
1840:
1828:
1750:Wayeb'
1715:Wayebʼ
1686:Kumkʼu
1657:Kʼayab
1590:uniiw
1499:white
1469:green
1439:black
1296:sotz'
1237:ik'at
1148:glyphs
1085:NOTES:
972:Etznab
951:Qʼanil
911:Kabʼan
887:Manikʼ
825:Tzikin
625:Bʼatzʼ
611:Chuwen
560:Name
555:Num.
530:Name
525:Num.
517:glyphs
355:counts
318:Mixtec
298:Oaxaca
120:Stelae
100:Cities
65:People
39:on the
5854:Kings
5838:Xquic
5823:Tohil
5771:Ixtab
5681:God L
5671:Chaac
5666:Bacab
5598:Paris
5541:Winal
5516:Haabʼ
5435:Women
5395:Sites
5375:Music
5331:Trade
5321:Dance
5235:Petén
4923:Treta
4918:Satya
4913:Yugas
4783:Epoch
4721:World
4586:Roman
4571:Pisan
4549:Haabʼ
4529:Hindu
4524:Greek
4504:Enoch
4442:Aztec
4437:Attic
4345:Runic
4338:Types
4319:Xhosa
4314:Wicca
4287:solar
4282:lunar
4272:Tamil
4240:Shona
4146:Juche
4114:Fasli
4099:Irish
4067:Hmong
4050:Hindu
3965:Bali
3960:Badí‘
3892:Hindu
3851:Solar
3841:Lunar
3562:(PDF)
3508:(29).
3276:(PDF)
3105:S2CID
3073:S2CID
3044:S2CID
2986:(PDF)
2418:Notes
2139:7,885
2103:7,200
2081:1 Tun
1945:uinal
1941:winal
1871:5 Ikʼ
1865:3 Ebʼ
1859:1 Ikʼ
1832:Haabʼ
1754:Uayeb
1744:Haabʼ
1599:Muwan
1421:Chʼen
1275:Sotzʼ
1162:name
1157:Num.
1138:Haabʼ
1078:Ajaw
1051:Tzʼiʼ
1025:Kawoq
1022:Cauac
1011:Kawak
998:Muluc
987:Muluk
975:Tijax
948:Lamat
937:Lamat
922:Caban
898:Manik
875:Ajmaq
861:Kʼibʼ
698:Akbal
622:Chuen
563:Glyph
533:Glyph
495:Aztec
485:is a
369:Haabʼ
363:, or
314:Olmec
216:Petén
145:Dance
140:Music
135:Trade
5766:Chin
5761:Akna
5751:Acat
5526:Kʼin
5506:Ajaw
5479:Ajaw
5358:List
5148:Yuga
5088:Aeon
5073:Time
4933:Kali
4751:Wall
4592:Rumi
4544:Maya
4534:Inca
4484:Cham
4329:Zulu
4304:Tulu
4277:Thai
4218:Odia
4126:Jain
4072:Igbo
4060:Saka
3974:Saka
3936:Akan
3749:OCLC
3739:ISBN
3718:OCLC
3674:OCLC
3664:ISBN
3632:OCLC
3596:OCLC
3586:ISBN
3546:OCLC
3536:ISBN
3493:OCLC
3483:ISBN
3438:OCLC
3428:ISBN
3393:OCLC
3383:ISBN
3357:OCLC
3347:ISBN
3315:ISSN
3258:OCLC
3237:OCLC
3227:ISBN
3206:OCLC
3196:ISBN
3175:OCLC
3165:ISBN
3139:OCLC
3129:ISBN
3057:Isis
3036:OCLC
3028:ISSN
2968:OCLC
2958:ISBN
2894:2015
2672:ISBN
2627:ISBN
2578:ISBN
2430:4)."
2041:Days
2033:unit
1937:kʼin
1752:(or
1706:ohl
1561:mak
1529:red
1412:mol
1293:bat
1155:Seq.
1075:Ajpu
1072:Ahau
1061:Ajaw
925:Noʼj
851:Kame
848:Cimi
837:Kimi
751:Kʼat
737:Kʼan
711:Bʼen
654:Ikʼ
601:Imox
598:Imix
587:Imix
553:Seq.
523:Seq.
467:The
421:base
320:and
312:and
300:and
273:The
5731:Mam
5531:Tun
5294:Art
5075:in
4778:Era
4706:Pax
3907:ISO
3773:at
3696:'s
3097:doi
3065:doi
3020:doi
2286:149
2282:149
2278:149
2123:394
2087:360
1949:tun
1943:or
1886:...
1874:...
1711:19
1682:18
1653:17
1628:Pax
1624:16
1595:15
1566:14
1541:Mak
1537:13
1511:Keh
1507:12
1481:Sak
1477:11
1451:Yax
1447:10
1392:Mol
1334:Xul
1305:Sek
1246:Sip
1217:Woʼ
1188:Pop
1057:20
1033:10
1007:19
1001:Toj
983:09
957:18
933:08
907:17
901:Kej
883:07
872:Cib
857:16
833:06
822:Men
811:Men
807:15
801:Kan
783:05
757:14
748:Kan
733:04
722:Ben
707:13
683:03
661:Ebʼ
657:12
651:Iqʼ
637:Ikʼ
633:02
607:11
583:01
558:Day
528:Day
125:Art
5985::
3747:.
3716:.
3672:.
3662:.
3626:;
3622:,
3594:.
3584:.
3564:.
3544:.
3534:.
3517:.
3491:.
3481:.
3465:;
3436:.
3426:.
3391:.
3371:;
3355:.
3345:.
3313:.
3303:.
3256:.
3235:.
3204:.
3194:.
3173:.
3163:.
3137:.
3127:.
3103:.
3095:.
3093:21
3091:.
3071:.
3061:56
3059:.
3042:.
3034:.
3026:.
3008:23
3006:.
2966:.
2956:.
2702:.
2694:,
2670:.
2668:43
2656:;
2641:^
2625:.
2623:43
2611:;
2542:.
2471:^
2107:20
2073:20
1997:.
1989:,
1985:,
1959:.
1761:.
1417:9
1388:8
1359:7
1330:6
1301:5
1271:4
1242:3
1213:2
1184:1
1048:Oc
1037:Ok
772:Ix
761:Ix
725:Aj
675:Eʼ
672:Eb
648:Ik
324:.
296:,
5182:e
5175:t
5168:v
5065:e
5058:t
5051:v
5004:)
4998:(
4992:)
4986:(
4980:)
4974:(
4968:)
4962:(
4836:/
3819:e
3812:t
3805:v
3755:.
3724:.
3680:.
3646:.
3602:.
3552:.
3521:.
3499:.
3457:.
3444:.
3399:.
3363:.
3332:.
3285:.
3264:.
3243:.
3212:.
3181:.
3145:.
3111:.
3099::
3079:.
3067::
3050:.
3022::
2995:.
2974:.
2896:.
2680:.
2635:.
2586:.
2552:.
2452:.
2273:9
2091:1
2059:1
262:e
255:t
248:v
20:)
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