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swinging movements, whinnying calls and widen their wings and tail considerably. Few nests of the species have been described in detail, but at least occasionally nests are raised cooperatively by groups. Known nests, at anywhere from 9 to 45 m (30 to 148 ft) in height in the trees, were located in very large trees. When excavating the nest hole, both parents participate but reportedly the male does the majority of the work. The nest hole entrance will be around 10 cm (3.9 in) across, but much wider inside the tree. The pair will only use a nest from a prior year if competition is too overbearing for a newly constructed hole. The nesting season, in
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blows to excavate the wood. Gleaning is the most important foraging method for the species, with the long neck and bill allowing it to reach out over a considerable distance into the cracks and crevices of trees. This species often flies high over the trees for long distances between successful foraging patches. In flight, its feather rustle noisily. The great slaty woodpecker usually engages in less dipping during than other woodpeckers and flies in a mixed flying style described as quite
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to access these trees and, as such, the home ranges of the species are quite large. Occasionally, though, they will feed at lower levels in trees and even amongst saplings. Usually, feeding groups of these woodpeckers do not linger in any given area for long. Sometimes this species associates with slightly smaller
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may supplement the diet. Females spend more time searching for feeding sources and males, which have slightly larger bills, spend more time opening the sources. Preferred feeding sources are mostly found in large branches or trunks of large, living trees. The groups will travel considerable distance
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and arboreal (or tree-dwelling) mammals. The great slaty woodpecker usually works a tree upwards and, though capable of swifter movements, has been described while foraging as if moving in "slow motion". It forages by gleaning, probing, pecking, prising off bark and hammering with powerful and loud
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has a more pale throat with a greater amount of whitish feather tips forming small spot and is slightly paler below than the nominate, sometimes appearing almost whitish on the belly. The size and structure readily distinguishes this bird from almost any other species, including other woodpeckers.
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is 3.6 to 4.1 cm (1.4 to 1.6 in). This unique-looking woodpecker has several obvious distinctive features: a very long, strong chisel-tipped bill, an elongated neck and a long tail. A slight crest maybe occasionally evident. This species plumage is almost entirely dark grey or blackish
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Like all woodpeckers, breeding pairs roost in separate tree holes but regularly vocalized to stay in contact. The pair bond appears to be lifelong. These woodpeckers engage in displays, largely for territorial purposes. Displays include head-swinging, where the appears to lag behind the body in
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at least, appears to be from March to August. The clutch reportedly consists of two to four eggs, which are incubated by both parents. Both parents also feed and generally brood the young. The young great slaty woodpeckers probably stay with their parents until the next breeding season.
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throughout its range, with habitat loss being particularly rapid in
Myanmar, Cambodia and Indonesia which are the countries that still hold the majority of the global population. In 2010, the great slaty woodpecker was included in the IUCN Red List in the Vulnerable category.
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Probably because of their feeding and breeding dependence on large old trees, great slaty woodpeckers are most common in primary forests and show density reductions of over 80% in logged forests. The global population is in decline because of the loss of forest cover and
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though can on occasion range into adjacent secondary forests, clearings with scattered tall trees and similar almost park-like areas but do not generally visit heavily disturbed areas. Locally, the great slaty woodpecker prefers sprawling stands of
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For a bird of such great size, the great slaty woodpecker has a weak, quiet voice, especially compared to other large woodpeckers, which tend to have loud, booming voices. The species call is a whinnying cackle of 2 to 5, usually 4 notes,
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Great slaty woodpeckers are mostly seen in groups consisting of 3 to 6 individuals, which consist of a breeding pair and their young from prior years. Groups often forage on shared feeding sites in the form of nests of social insects as
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with tall, mature trees. The species usually occurs below an elevation of 600 m (2,000 ft), but also locally in montane areas of up to 1,100 m (3,600 ft), occasionally ranging up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
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calls, variable in sound, strength and duration, are sometimes given while perched or in flight. Breeding pairs of these woodpeckers have been heard to softly mew at each other. In more antagonistic situations, sharp
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slate-grey overlaid with small white spots. The throat is paler grey and males have small red moustache. Normally, the nominate subspecies is the darkest, most slaty gray race.
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Great slaty woodpeckers are one of the largest woodpeckers and the largest species certain to exist.
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The great slaty woodpecker is dependent on dense, old-growth forest, particularly broadleaf forests.
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Like many forest birds of South and
Southeast Asia, the great slaty woodpecker is declining due to
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Life after logging: Reconciling wildlife conservation and production forestry in
Indonesian Borneo
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The great slaty woodpecker is somewhat unusual for its habit of traveling in foraging groups.
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Occasionally, at first glance, the great slaty woodpecker is mistaken for a
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International 2011. Species factsheet: Great slaty woodpecker
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calls are uttered while the birds swing their heads back and forth.
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This species prefers to inhabit areas of primary semi-open, moist
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672:"Grouping and Cooperative Breeding in the Great Slaty Woodpecker"
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Foraging ecology of woodpeckers in lowland
Malaysian rain forests
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and is thus now considered
Vulnerable to extinction by IUCN.
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Hans
Winkler, David A. Christie & David Nurney (1995)
728:. CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research).
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but, obviously, such a resemblance is slight at best.
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639:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992),
408:is 13.4 to 16.2 cm (5.3 to 6.4 in), the
584:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681585A92911785.en
412:is 6 to 6.5 cm (2.4 to 2.6 in) and the
656:Styring, A. R., & bin Hussin, M. Z. (2004).
404:is 21.5 to 25 cm (8.5 to 9.8 in), the
660:. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 20(5), 487-494.
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392:With the probable extinctions of the
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570:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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637:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
1049:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
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41:(♂) from the lower Himalayas of
39:Mulleripicus pulverulentus mohun
559:BirdLife International (2016).
762:Downloaded on 1 November 2011.
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534:logging of old-growth forest
363:trees. Also found in mature
670:Martjan Lammertink (2004).
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1026:Mulleripicus-pulverulentus
847:mulleripicus-pulverulentus
834:Mulleripicus_pulverulentus
820:Mulleripicus pulverulentus
790:Mulleripicus pulverulentus
563:Mulleripicus pulverulentus
326:, but it does not inhabit
231:Mulleripicus pulverulentus
198:Mulleripicus pulverulentus
489:and considerably smaller
487:white-bellied woodpeckers
352:tropical evergreen forest
242:. It is found across the
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89:Scientific classification
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577:: e.T22681585A92911785.
1064:Birds described in 1826
1059:Birds of Southeast Asia
719:Meijaard, Erik (2005).
398:ivory-billed woodpecker
24:Great slaty woodpecker
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322:. It is found in the
180:M. pulverulentus
619:. Houghton Mifflin,
394:imperial woodpecker
260:Indian subcontinent
258:It is found in the
244:Indian Subcontinent
59:Conservation status
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491:greater flamebacks
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1008:Open Tree of Life
782:Taxon identifiers
645:978-0-8493-4258-5
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766:Image at ADW
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739:. Retrieved
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930:iNaturalist
814:Wikispecies
590:12 November
380:Description
365:sal forests
357:dipterocarp
308:Philippines
47:Uttarakhand
1043:Categories
1021:Xeno-canto
676:The Condor
541:References
402:wing chord
268:Bangladesh
146:Piciformes
74:Vulnerable
43:Kaladhungi
495:hornbills
373:mangroves
348:deciduous
312:Singapore
288:Indonesia
174:Species:
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
974:22681585
948:11032554
873:22681585
868:BirdLife
805:Q1266445
799:Wikidata
706:86059150
508:Malaysia
470:termites
441:taw-whit
424:hornbill
396:and the
316:Thailand
296:Malaysia
280:Cambodia
206:Temminck
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
1013:3600183
987:1517775
922:2478328
909:grswoo1
883:grswoo1
855:Avibase
698:1370638
502:-like.
474:beetles
451:Ecology
334:Habitat
320:Vietnam
300:Myanmar
240:Picidae
208:, 1826)
162:Genus:
156:Picidae
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
961:554167
842:ARKive
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515:Status
445:dew-it
414:tarsus
306:, the
276:Brunei
272:Bhutan
1000:70759
943:IRMNG
935:18009
904:eBird
896:44K29
880:BOW:
726:(PDF)
702:S2CID
694:JSTOR
482:fruit
304:Nepal
284:India
254:Range
51:India
982:NCBI
969:IUCN
956:ITIS
917:GBIF
743:2018
730:ISBN
641:ISBN
621:ISBN
592:2021
575:2016
500:crow
476:and
466:ants
436:dwot
410:bill
406:tail
371:and
361:teak
359:and
350:and
328:Bali
318:and
292:Laos
262:and
246:and
236:bird
224:The
136:Aves
891:CoL
829:ADW
684:doi
680:106
579:doi
443:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
