271:. Greasers, unlike motorcyclists, did not explicitly have their own interest clubs or publications. As such, there was no business marketing geared specifically towards the group. Their choice in clothing was largely drawn from a common understanding of the empowering aesthetic of working-class attire, rather than a cohesive association with similarly dressed individuals. Many greasers were in motorcycle clubs or in street gangs—and conversely, some gang members and bikers dressed like greasers—though such membership was not necessarily an inherent principle of the subculture.
27:
71:
492:
169:
that the term was not used in writing to refer to the
American subculture of the mid-20th century until the mid-1960s, though in this sense it still evoked a pejorative ethnic connotation and a relation to machine work. According to academic George J. Leonard, the term "greaser" was coined by,
251:
of the late 1940s in the United States, though it was certainly established by the 1950s, when it was increasingly adopted by ethnic urban youth. The original greasers (often coming from "ethnic" backgrounds) were aligned by a feeling of working class and lower class
141:
meanings. It is speculated that the word originated in the late 19th century in the United States as a derogatory label for poor laborers, specifically those of
Italian, Greek or Mexican descent. The similar term "greaseball" is a slur for individuals of
294:, the "greaser" label assumed a quasi-racial status that implied an urban, ethnic, lower-class masculinity and delinquency. This development led to an ambiguity in the racial distinction between poor
471:
from the industrial cities of the
Northeast that had disseminated to mainstream American music through Italian American performers. Greasers were heavily associated with the culture surrounding
267:
The weak structural foundation of the greasers can be attributed to the subculture's origins in working-class youth possessing few economic resources with which to participate in
American
260:
or a marginalization enacted by the general domestic shift towards homogeneity in the 1950s. Most were male, usually ethnic or white working-class outsiders, and were often interested in
740:
Moore writes that there is ambiguity surrounding the birth of the defining greaser fashion and style, though the associated look is similar to the one displayed by post-war bikers.
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is a stereotypical greaser who was frequently seen on his motorcycle, wore a leather jacket, and typified the essence of cool, in contrast to his circle of friends.
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The most notable physical characteristic of greasers was the greased-back hairstyles they fashioned for themselves through use of hair products such as
48:
35:
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in the United States and Canada. The subculture remained prominent into the mid-1960s and was particularly embraced by certain ethnic groups in
972:
1400:
1340:
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was still seen as a key component of the modern character. By the mid-1970s, the greaser image had become a quintessential part of 1950s
530:
told the story of a gang of greasers, and was controversial upon release due to its depiction of gang violence. The film adaptation of
479:
among older middle-class generations during the mid-to-late 1950s, to whom greasers epitomized the connection between rock music and
1709:
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video game franchise (1996–onward) gangs of greasers are commonly encountered in the 1950s inspired post-nuclear apocalypse setting.
419:. Male shirts were typically solid black or white T-shirts, ringer T-shirts, Italian knit collared shirts, unbuttoned shirts with
387:, widely popular among all American youth in the 1950s. The latter were often cuffed over black or brown leather boots, including
1147:
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353:, which necessitated frequent combing and reshaping to maintain. Males sported coiffures adopted from early rock 'n' roll and
1684:
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805:
513:, formed in the late 1960s, models their onstage presence on New York City greasers (the band members themselves were mostly
279:
113:
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220:
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culture or motorcycling. A handful of middle-class youth were drawn to the subculture for its rebellious attitude.
204:. The name was also applied to members of the subculture partly because of their characteristic greased-back hair.
40:
877:
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1423:
Introducing – Lenny & the
Squigtones! (and the Amazing Pre-Spinal Tap TV Debut of Nigel Tufnel!)
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447:). Female greaser dress included leather jackets and risque clothing, such as tight and cropped
1621:"Pachucos and Teddy Boys: How Generations of Youth in the U.S. and UK Borrowed From Each Other"
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during the 1950s and 1960s. Greasers were also perceived as being predisposed to perpetrating
275:
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109:
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with
American popular culture either through a lack of economic opportunity in spite of the
155:
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388:
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201:
179:
472:
200:, an influential portrayal of greasers, claimed to know the term from her youth in 1950s
1641:"10. Consuming Italian Americans: Invoking Ethnicity in the Buying and Selling of Guido"
1307:
150:
descent, though to a lesser extent it has also been used more generally to refer to all
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1054:
717:, similarly associated with Italian-Americans and featuring similar clothing signifiers
702:
648:
stories, members of the subculture are portrayed as bullies or psychopaths brandishing
440:
175:
578:
Characters
Leonard "Lenny" Kosnowski and Andrew "Squiggy" Squiggman from the American
1668:
1003:
714:
545:
452:
392:
366:
358:
303:
90:
1437:, the Jukebox Fifties and Time's Percolations", in O. Gruner & P. Krämer, eds.,
944:
New
Italian Migrations to the United States: Vol. 1: Politics and History Since 1945
645:
609:
559:
527:
502:
416:
404:
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310:, evoking fear in middle-class males but also titillation in middle-class females.
248:
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1532:
1097:
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Making
Italian America: Consumer Culture and the Production of Ethnic Identities
1303:
873:
649:
599:
476:
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370:
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268:
101:
97:
500:
The first cinematic representation of the greaser subculture was the 1953 film
708:
571:
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384:
354:
291:
105:
1099:
Postmodern
Hollywood: What's New in Film and why it Makes Us Feel So Strange
883:
672:
510:
432:
329:
324:
helped to "sanitize" the negative image of greasers in the 1960s and 1970s,
223:
during the 1950s and early 1960s, greasers were colloquially referred to as
171:
137:, the words "greaser" and "greaseball" were understood to carry racist and
26:
483:
professed by several important social and cultural observers of the time.
604:
183:
159:
143:
690:
684:
464:
420:
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70:
211:, in reference to their upturned collars, with many also calling them
720:
579:
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261:
147:
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trousers, common among the working class; dark slacks, or dark blue
1284:"Danny McBride: Guitarist with rock'n' roll revivalists Sha Na Na"
678:
490:
436:
377:
69:
1154:, Section "Anticipating an Italian American Consumption Culture".
798:
The New Latino Studies Reader: A Twenty-First-Century Perspective
641:
has the character of Mutt Williams who is portrayed as a greaser.
1624:
879:
The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
849:
Working Toward Whiteness: How America's Immigrants Became White
675:, a contemporary but different subculture in the United Kingdom
463:
In the early 1950s, there was significant greaser interest in
89:
that emerged in the 1950s and early 1960s from predominantly
20:
1189:
1187:
376:
Male greasers typically wore loose work pants such as cotton
628:
featured a social hierarchy that included a greaser clique.
207:
The dominant name for the subculture during the 1950s was
1534:
Clothing and Fashion: American Fashion from Head to Toe
1162:
1160:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1072:
Blockbusting in Baltimore: The Edmondson Village Story
1061:(New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1989), pp. 28, 272.
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
274:
Ethnically, original greasers were composed mostly of
1332:'Grease Is the Word': Exploring a Cultural Phenomenon
612:
reminiscence of Baltimore greasers during the 1950s.
239:
The greaser subculture may have emerged in the post–
1562:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Psychology Press.
1439:
Grease Is the Word: Exploring a Cultural Phenomenon
543:The 1971 American musical and subsequent 1978 film
16:
1950s and 60s youth subculture in the United States
1457:"Bethesda Announces Official Fallout Greaser Gear"
1365:"See the Cast of 'American Graffiti' Then and Now"
638:Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
749:T-shirts with a contrasting neckband and armbands
475:, a musical genre that had induced feelings of a
174:conceptor, George Leonard in 1967, after hearing
165:Academic Jennifer Grayer Moore wrote in her book
562:has a greaser with the character of John Milner.
520:The 1967 critically acclaimed young adult novel
403:, work boots, and (especially in the Southwest)
235:Origins of the subculture and rise to popularity
966:
964:
186:" and focusing on the line "The glory that was
1265:
1441:(London & New York: Anthem Press, 2019),
8:
1700:Motorcycling subculture in the United States
1483:"Video game creators defend 'Bully' tactics"
973:"Sha Na Na and the Invention of the Fifties"
941:Ruberto, Laura E.; Sciorra, Joseph (2017).
1720:Working-class culture in the United States
1601:The New Hollywood Historical Film: 1967–78
455:(broadly popular during the time period).
1500:Staff, Motorcycle com (January 1, 2010).
1392:Comedy: A Geographic and Historical Guide
1241:
774:New Mexico: A Guide to the Colorful State
290:. Since both of these groups were mostly
1205:
1151:
51:of all important aspects of the article.
1580:Street Style in America: An Exploration
1217:
1193:
1134:
762:
733:
1042:
487:Portrayal in media and popular culture
47:Please consider expanding the lead to
1531:Blanco F., José (November 23, 2015).
1363:Ramirez, Carlos (December 11, 2013).
1253:
1229:
1178:
1166:
1122:
1030:
830:
711:, in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
536:was released in 1983 and directed by
7:
1455:Tierney, Patrick (August 16, 2019).
841:
839:
431:(which would have been retailed as
1715:Youth culture in the United States
1619:Torres, Lucia (January 12, 2017).
1604:(illustrated ed.). Springer.
1583:(illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO.
1537:(illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO.
1282:Perrone, Pierre (April 10, 2010).
780:(New York: Hastings House, 1940),
407:. Other footwear choices included
14:
1481:Slagle, Matt (October 21, 2006).
1008:"An Outsider, Out of the Shadows"
435:). Choices of outerwear included
373:, coiffed, or teased their hair.
1016:, September 7, 2005, pp. E1, E7.
947:. University of Illinois Press.
25:
1725:Working-class culture in Canada
1577:Moore, Jennifer Grayer (2017).
1329:Gruner, O.; Krämer, P. (2019).
411:, pointed Italian dress shoes,
314:Decline and modern incarnations
133:is unknown. By the time of the
39:may be too short to adequately
806:University of California Press
699:, in Australia and New Zealand
423:underneath, or sometimes just
49:provide an accessible overview
1:
1335:. Anthem Press. p. 169.
1649:. Fordham University Press.
1643:. In Cinotto, Simone (ed.).
1502:"Featured Motorcycle Brands"
796:, & Almaguer, T., eds.,
495:Greaser revival look in 1974
1695:Counterculture of the 1960s
1690:Counterculture of the 1950s
852:. Basic Books. p. 42.
846:Roediger, David R. (2006).
445:Perfecto motorcycle jackets
318:Though the television show
129:The etymology for the term
1746:
1266:Gelder & Thornton 1997
569:from the American TV show
74:North American greaser of
1639:Tricario, Donald (2014).
1096:Booker, M. Keith (2007).
920:. Maledicta. p. 29.
369:, while females commonly
361:, among them the Folsom,
1710:Italian-American culture
1395:. Praeger. p. 595.
876:; Victor, Terry (2015).
654:Sometimes They Come Back
549:centers around greasers.
365:, Elephant's trunk, and
1487:The Des Moines Register
1102:. Praeger. p. 68.
914:Aman, Reinhold (1984).
669:, in the United Kingdom
167:Street Style in America
1559:The Subcultures Reader
635:and George Lucas film
496:
469:African-American music
425:sleeveless undershirts
421:sleeveless undershirts
409:Chuck Taylor All-Stars
332:and cultural revival.
194:, author of the novel
79:
1685:1960s fads and trends
1680:1950s fads and trends
1675:Greasers (subculture)
1598:Symmons, Tom (2016).
778:American Guide Series
723:, in Baku, Azerbaijan
584:Laverne & Shirley
494:
282:and Mexican American
73:
1389:Charney, M. (2005).
1181:, pp. 138, 141.
985:on December 25, 2016
681:, in the Netherlands
622:The 2006 video game
538:Francis Ford Coppola
481:juvenile delinquency
217:juvenile delinquents
1256:, pp. 139–140.
1196:, pp. 181–182.
1125:, pp. 138–139.
971:Leonard, George J.
917:Maledicta, Volume 7
697:Bodgies and widgies
661:Similar subcultures
357:performers such as
1306:(March 25, 1983).
1013:The New York Times
497:
326:sexual promiscuity
321:American Bandstand
215:(abbreviated from
114:Hispanic Americans
80:
1730:Music and fashion
1402:978-0-313-32715-5
1342:978-1-78527-112-0
1316:Chicago Sun-Times
859:978-0-465-07073-2
555:American Graffiti
296:Italian Americans
276:Italian Americans
221:Greater Baltimore
110:Italian Americans
78:, Canada, c. 1960
66:
65:
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1433:Sprengler, C., "
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981:. Archived from
978:Columbia College
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911:
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904:
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886:. p. 1044.
870:
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834:
828:
813:
794:Gutiérrez, R. A.
791:
785:
767:
750:
747:
741:
738:
633:Steven Spielberg
509:The music group
413:brothel creepers
389:steel-toed boots
245:motorcycle clubs
87:youth subculture
61:
58:
52:
29:
21:
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1597:
1591:
1576:
1570:
1556:, eds. (1997).
1554:Thornton, Sarah
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1308:"The Outsiders"
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1289:The Independent
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1212:
1208:, Footnote #56.
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441:leather jackets
351:petroleum jelly
343:
338:
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308:sexual violence
254:disillusionment
237:
202:Tulsa, Oklahoma
180:Edgar Allan Poe
127:
122:
108:, particularly
62:
56:
53:
46:
34:This article's
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1506:Motorcycle.com
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1312:RogerEbert.com
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1244:, p. 137.
1242:Blanco F. 2015
1234:
1232:, p. 140.
1222:
1220:, p. 184.
1210:
1198:
1183:
1171:
1169:, p. 141.
1156:
1139:
1137:, p. 182.
1127:
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1070:Orser, W. E.,
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1033:, p. 139.
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833:, p. 138.
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552:The 1973 film
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243:era among the
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176:Gilbert Highet
139:segregationist
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43:the key points
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1569:9780415127271
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1552:Gelder, Ken;
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1544:9781610693103
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1489:. p. 36.
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1206:Tricario 2014
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1152:Tricario 2014
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1055:Silverman, C.
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693:, in Norway
687:, in Sweden
600:John Waters
477:moral panic
443:(including
269:consumerism
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1669:Categories
1524:References
1268:, p.
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1230:Moore 2017
1179:Moore 2017
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