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Historical theorist Steven Mintz claims that until about 1955, youth subculture as such did not exist. Children aspired to (or were pulled into) adulthood as fast as their physical development allowed. Marcel Danesi argues that since then, the media, advertisers and others have made youth the
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Stan Cohen argues youth subcultures are not coherent social groupings that arise spontaneously as a reaction to social forces, but that mass media labeling results in the creation of youth subcultures by imposing an ideological framework in which people can locate their behavior.
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dominant culture of
Western societies, to the point that many people retain what others consider to be immature attitudes far into adulthood. This is further supported by P. Lewis, who claims that youth culture did not originate until the 1950s, with the development of
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subcultures as a reaction of subordinated groups that challenge the hegemony of the dominant culture. This theory accounts for factors such as gender, ethnicity and age. Youth can be seen as a subordinate group in relation to the dominant, adult society.
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Delsing, M. J. M. H., ter Bogt, Tom F. M., Engles, R. C. M. E., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2007). Adolescents’ peer crowd identification in the
Netherlands: Structure and associations with problem behaviors. ‘’Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17,’’
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Arnett, J. J. (2002). Adolescents in
Western countries on the threshold of the 21st century. In B. Brown, R. Larson, & T. Saraswathi (Eds.), ‘’The world’s youth: Adolescence in eight regions of the globe.’’ New York: Cambridge University
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account for some diversity, because they focus on classes and class-fractions rather than youth as a whole. Stuart Hall and Tony
Jefferson describe youth subcultures as symbolic or ritualistic attempts to resist the power of
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of social studies argue that youth culture is inherently consumerist and integral to the divide-and-rule strategy of capitalism. They argue that it creates generation gaps and pits groups of youths against each other (e.g.
245:, subcultures that emerge within a specific school. Certain crowds (jocks, geeks, preppies, druggies, emos) are found in many, even most, high schools across the United States, though the particular terms used by the
234:. However, other historians have said that youth culture may have developed earlier, particularly in the inter-war period. There were examples of new youth subcultures emerging throughout that period, such as the
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attached to clothing, music and other visible affections by members of the subculture, and also, the ways in which these symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture.
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structural positions in response to dominant systems, which reflect their attempt to solve structural contradictions arising from the wider societal context.
253:(the United States is unusual in having athletics specifically affiliated with schools, although similar athletic affiliation groups exist in British
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in them may vary (nerds instead of geeks, etc.). Most of these can be found in other
Western countries as well, with the exception of
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of subculture utilize many of the ideas from these other theories, including hegemony and the role of the media. In his book,
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178:, and focus on youth as a single form of culture. In explaining the development of the culture, they utilized the concept of
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with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by
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131:, can be important in relation to youth subcultures. Youth subcultures can be defined as systems, modes of expression or
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hegemony by consciously adopting behavior that appears threatening to the establishment. Conversely, Marxists of the
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can refer to an exclusive subculture or faction. Scenes are distinguished from the broad culture through either
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Comparative Youth
Culture: The sociology of youth culture and youth subcultures in America, Britain and Canada
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Straw, Will (1991). "Systems of
Articulation, Logics of Change: Communities and Scenes in Popular Music",
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62:. Youth subcultures that show a systematic hostility to the dominant culture are sometimes described as
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mentality. The term can be used to describe geographic subsets of a subculture, such as the
Detroit
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The First
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204:), especially as youth culture is the dominant culture in the west.
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150:; identification with specific (sometimes obscure or experimental)
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Beyond
Subculture: Pop, Youth and Identity in a Postcolonial World
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Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-war Britain
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101:. The study of subcultures often consists of the study of the
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or political perspectives; and a strong in-group or
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are associated with many youth subcultures, such as
607:Forever Young: The 'Teen-Aging' of Modern Culture
241:Subcultures may also be seen as extensions of
375:. International Book Market Service Limited.
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586:Huck's Raft: A History of American Childhood
369:Eglantine, Cornelia Cecilia (June 2012).
16:Subcultures associated with young people
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7:
530:Hall, Stuart & Jefferson, Tony.
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574:, Menthuen & Co, London. 1979
642:, The Woburn Press, London. 1995
572:Subculture: The meaning of style
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218:Subculture: The Meaning of Style
162:scene or the London goth scene.
27:subculture (Los Angeles, 2007)
1:
410:Huq, Rupa (24 January 2007).
559:Folk Devils and Moral Panics
23:Example of a participant in
439:"CULTURES OF POPULAR MUSIC"
304:Counterculture of the 1960s
213:Post-structuralist theories
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176:functionalist sociologists
629:, Heinemann, London. 1978
534:, Routledge, London. 1993
135:, developed by groups in
174:were mainly produced by
561:, Paladin, London. 1964
490:, 5, 3, pp. 273, 368-88
289:After-Eighty generation
208:Interactionist theorist
473:Brake, Michael (1985)
446:www.mheducation.co.uk/
437:Bennett, Andy (2001).
28:
545:"Marshall University"
477:, Routledge, New York
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294:Baby Boom Generation
501:"Sociology Central"
334:List of subcultures
109:Socioeconomic class
44:social institutions
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455:on 24 August 2014
309:Hungry Generation
170:Early studies in
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506:. Archived from
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448:. Archived from
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202:mods and rockers
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32:Youth subculture
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397:"LibreTexts"
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372:Google books
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324:Generation Z
319:Generation Y
314:Generation X
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223:Dick Hebdige
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117:intelligence
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71:music genres
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638:Fowler, D.
627:The Fifties
459:8 September
349:Youth voice
247:adolescents
137:subordinate
689:Teen idols
673:Categories
625:Lewis, P.
517:2022-09-23
142:The term,
133:lifestyles
121:conformity
95:metalheads
40:subculture
193:bourgeois
129:ethnicity
103:symbolism
662:467-480.
609:, 2003,
589:, 2006,
261:See also
166:Theories
125:morality
91:juggalos
46:such as
329:La Sape
236:flapper
148:fashion
75:hip-hop
38:-based
652:Press.
613:
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420:
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243:crowds
181:anomie
156:tribal
144:scene,
113:gender
97:, and
87:ravers
69:Youth
60:school
48:family
511:(PDF)
504:(PDF)
453:(PDF)
442:(PDF)
356:Notes
251:jocks
99:goths
79:punks
36:youth
34:is a
611:ISBN
591:ISBN
461:2017
418:ISBN
377:ISBN
257:.)
127:and
83:emos
58:and
56:home
52:work
25:emo
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