574:
2651:
827:
679:
2321:
699:
131:
711:
646:) are equal in length, with the femur having a large head and the presence of long cnemial crests in the tarsometatarsus. The patella is separate and supports the tarsometatarsus posteriorly which greatly helps with the contraction in the muscles. They swim by simultaneously spreading out the feet and bringing them inward, with the webbing expanded to produce the forward thrust in much the same way as frogs. However, due to the anatomy of the legs, grebes are not as mobile on land as they are on the water. Although they can run for a short distance, they are prone to falling over, since they have their feet placed far back on the body.
2734:
3258:
these courtship rituals are completed, both partners solicit copulation towards each other and mount on floating platforms of vegetation. Females lay two to seven eggs and incubation can last nearly a month. Chicks of the nest hatch asynchronously. Once the whole nest has hatched, the chicks begin to climb on one of their parent's backs. Both parents take care of rearing their young, and the duration of care is longer than those of other waterfowl. This enables a greater survival rate for the chicks. One parent dives for food, while the other watches the young on the surface.
764:
3367:
3184:
3267:
2604:
156:
3164:
2993:
2239:
619:
6479:
6503:
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562:
6491:
803:, a finding that has been backed up by morphological evidence. They hold at least eleven morphological traits in common not found in other birds. For example, both flamingoes and grebes lay eggs coated with chalky amorphous calcium phosphate. Many of these characteristics have been previously identified in flamingos, but not in grebes. For the grebe-flamingo
3245:
do a "penguin dance" where the male and female stand upright, breast posturing out and run along the water's surface. A similar ritual in other species is the "weed dance" in which both partners hold pieces of aquatic vegetation in their bills and are positioned upright towards each other. There is
858:
have been suggested to be the transitional linkage between the filter-feeding flamingos and the foot-propelled diving grebes. The evidence for this comes from the overall similarity between the foot and limb structure of grebes and palaeloids, suggesting the latter family of waterbirds were able to
634:
On the surface of the water they swim low with just the head and neck exposed. All species have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. The feet are always large, with broad lobes on the toes and small webs connecting the front three toes. The hind toe also has a small lobe as well. The
3257:
there is incorporation of aquatic vegetation in their courtship, but it is not as elaborate as the more derived and larger species. It has been hypothesized that such courtship displays between mates originated from intraspecific aggression that evolved in a way that strengthened pair bonds. Once
491:
and are known for their courtship displays, with the pair performing synchronized dances across the water's surface. The birds build floating vegetative nests where they lay several eggs. About a third of the world's grebes are listed at various levels of conservation concerns—the biggest threats
3863:
Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun, Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Harshman, John; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Marks, Ben D.; Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Steadman,
661:
is long and fairly weak, supporting secondary feathers. There are 11 primaries and 17 to 22 secondaries, with the inner secondaries being longer than the primaries. As such grebes are generally not strong or rapid fliers. Some species are reluctant to fly. Indeed, two South
American species are
3230:
is the most piscivorous of the grebes. Closely related species that overlap in their range often avoid interspecific competition by having prey preferences and adaptations for it. In areas where there is just as a single species, they tend to have more generalized bills with more openness to
3394:. These species went extinct due to anthropogenic changes, such as habitat loss, the introduction of invasive predatory fishes, and the use of fishing nets that tangled birds in the lakes they once existed in. Similar issues are befalling the Colombian grebe's closest relatives, the
520:
when he adopted the word for the family. Some of the smaller species are often referred to as "dabchick", which originated in the mid 16th century
English as they were said to be chick-like birds that dive. The clade names "Podicipediformes" and "Podicipedidae" is based on the genus
751:. In the nonbreeding season, grebes are plain-coloured in dark browns and whites. However, most have ornate and distinctive breeding plumages, often developing chestnut markings on the head area, and perform elaborate display rituals. The young, particularly those of the genus
3381:
Thirty percent of the total extant species are considered to be threatened species by the IUCN. The handful of critically endangered and extinct species of grebe are lake endemics and nearly all of them are or were flightless. The three recently extinct species consist of the
886:
date from a time when most if not all extant genera were already present. Because grebes are evolutionarily isolated and they only started to appear in the
Northern Hemisphere fossil record in the Early Miocene, they are likely to have originated in the Southern Hemisphere.
662:
completely flightless. Since grebes generally dive more than fly, the sternum can be as small or even smaller than the pelvic girdle. When they do fly, they often launch themselves off from the water and must run along the surface as they flap their wings to provide a lift.
727:. On average grebes have 20,000 feathers, the highest among birds. The feathers are very dense and strongly curved. In the larger species feathers are more dense but shorter, while the opposite is true in smaller species where the feathers are longer but less dense.
795:
forces encountered by unrelated birds sharing the same lifestyle at different times and in different habitat. Grebes and loons are now separately classified orders of
Podicipediformes and Gaviiformes, respectively.
730:
The density and length of feathers is correlated exponentially with heat-loss in cold water. For this reason grebes invest plumage maintenance the most in birds in terms of duration of time and energy. The
3348:; these infect the nasal passages of grebes. The rhinonyssids move slowly in the mucous membranes, drinking blood, while the ereynetids live on the surface. Various lineages of feather mites of the clade
573:
635:
claws are similar to nails and are flat. These lobate feet act as an oar, as when moving forward they provide minimum resistance and moving backwards they provide a coverage of maximum surface.
3246:
also the "weed rush" in which partners swim towards each other, necks stretched out with weeds in their bill, and just before colliding position themselves upright and then swim in parallel.
3239:
Grebes are perhaps best known for their elaborate courtship displays. Most species perform a duet together and many have their own synchronized rituals. Some, like those species in the genus
610:), at 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) and 71 cm (28 in). Despite these size differences grebes are a homogenous family of waterbirds with very few or slight differences among the genera.
3814:
Ericson, Per G.P.; Anderson, Cajsa L; Britton, Tom; Elzanowski, Andrzej; Johansson, Ulf S; Källersjö, Mari; Ohlson, Jan I; Parsons, Thomas J; Zuccon, Dario; Mayr, Gerald (22 December 2006).
665:
Bills vary from short and thick to long and pointed depending on the diet, and are slightly larger in males than in females (though the sizes can overlap between younger males and females).
3222:
tend to be short and stout with a preference for catching small aquatic invertebrates. The majority of grebes predate on aquatic invertebrates, with only a handful of large-bodied
3295:
that are almost all grebe specialists. The life cycle of these tapeworms begins when eggs are passed through the feces, where they are picked by intermediate hosts, which include
735:
secrete a high concentration of paraffin. The secretion provides a dual purpose of protecting the feathers from external parasites and fungi, as well as waterproofing them. When
649:
The wing shape varies depending on the species, ranging from moderately long to incredibly short and rounded in shape. The wing anatomy in grebes has a relatively short and thin
1272:
To date there is no complete phylogeny of grebes based on molecular work. However, there are comprehensive morphological works from
Bochenski (1994), Fjeldså (2004) and Ksepka
510:, which is of unknown origin and dating to 1766. It is possibly from the Breton "krib" meaning 'comb', this referring to the crests of many of the European species. However,
3975:
826:
5391:
6824:
6688:
2650:
3547:
Frank, Harry R.; Neu, Wolfgang (1 September 1929). "Die
Schwimmbewegungen der Tauchvögel (Podiceps)" [The swimming movements of diving birds (Podiceps)].
6727:
3306:. These aquatic insects are eventually be consumed by grebes, where the lifecycle begins again. Another grebe specialist family of internal parasites are the
6819:
3691:
698:
6662:
2320:
6701:
5386:
845:
of grebes is incomplete as there are no transitional forms between more conventional birds and grebes known from fossils. The enigmatic waterbird
3411:
255:
3525:
678:
4455:
4228:
4011:
3626:
3449:
739:, grebes eat their own feathers and feed them to their young. The function of this behaviour is uncertain, but it is believed to assist with
130:
4390:
4017:
3779:
Chubb, A.L. (January 2004). "New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: the phylogenetic utility of ZENK (i)".
710:
4498:
3662:
3500:
Winkler, D. W.; Billerman, S. M.; Lovette, I. J. (2020). Billerman, S. M.; Keeney, B. K.; Rodewald, P. G.; Schulenberg, T. S. (eds.).
3481:
3130:) are lake endemics. During the warmer or breeding seasons, many species of grebes in the northern hemisphere reside in a variety of
859:
swim and dive better than flamingos. Some early grebes share similar characteristics to the coracoid and humerus seen in palaeloids.
4564:
4545:
4526:
4038:
Zelenkov, N. V. (2015). "A Primitive Grebe (Aves, Podicipedidae) from the
Miocene of Eastern Siberia (Lake Baikal, Olkhon Island)".
3598:
4590:
4474:
Storer, R. W. (2000). "The metazoan parasite fauna of grebes (Aves: Podicepediformes) and its relationship to the birds' biology".
3952:
6776:
4656:
3864:
David W.; Witt, Christopher C.; Yuri, Tamaki (27 June 2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds
Reveals Their Evolutionary History".
4930:
4242:
448:
and winter. Most grebes fly, although some flightless species exist, most notably in stable lakes. The order contains a single
516:
was used to refer to gulls. The appearance of "grebe" in the
English language was introduced in 1768 by the Welsh naturalist
6706:
6519:
3917:"Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae)"
747:
plumage is the most dense, described as very fur-like. By pressing their feathers against the body, grebes can adjust their
6714:
4355:"Fossil grebes from the Truckee Formation (Miocene) of Nevada and a new phylogenetic analysis of Podicipediformes (Aves)"
743:
formation, excreting out internal parasites and protecting their insides from sharp bone material during digestion. The
155:
4119:
Cracraft, Joel (1973). "Systematics and evolution of the
Gruiformes (class Aves). 3, Phylogeny of the suborder Grues".
6610:
6597:
5376:
2733:
5158:
4580:
815:
6732:
763:
6809:
5073:
5063:
3177:) is a small species of grebe that mostly hunts aquatic invertebrates. Here a parent feeds its chicks a crayfish.
818:) has been proposed. Alternatively, they could be placed in one order, with Phoenocopteriformes taking priority.
3366:
5399:
5381:
4302:
783:, which are also foot-propelled diving birds, and both families were once classified together under the order
6814:
5404:
4634:
6804:
6537:
5371:
5183:
5133:
31:
6763:
5208:
1200:
1176:
6615:
4084:
Storer, Robert W. (April 2000). "The systematic position of the Miocene grebe Thiornis sociata Navás".
854:, however, may be close to a common ancestor of flamingos and grebes. The extinct stem-flamingo family
587:) running along the surface of the water as it flaps its wings in order to get the lift it needs to fly
1152:
6781:
6742:
6636:
6584:
5836:
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4649:
4420:
4366:
4093:
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3745:
2610:
1871:
1685:
1338:
1260:
Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP 49592, 52261, 51848, 52276, KUVP 4484 (Late Pliocene of WC USA)
1136:
1124:
1048:
904:
788:
740:
480:
4606:
3307:
5366:
5258:
5198:
5143:
4923:
4835:
3501:
3266:
3114:) are found on multiple continents with regional subspecies or populations. A few species like the
3107:
2782:
2065:
1212:
1108:
792:
685:
488:
138:
6502:
3183:
2603:
6575:
6149:
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5138:
4846:
4805:
4780:
4720:
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4382:
4283:
4168:
4063:
3897:
3761:
3564:
3517:
3143:
3022:
2897:
2621:
2472:
1984:
1386:
961:
150:
3358:("duck leeches") tend to feed in the nasal cavities of waterbirds in general, including grebes.
3331:
3210:
have spear-like bills to catch mid-depth fish while smaller species such as those in the genera
1254:
Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (San Diego Late Pliocene of California) – formerly included in
6768:
6495:
6750:
6623:
6275:
6222:
6172:
5315:
5305:
5248:
5048:
5043:
4810:
4755:
4560:
4541:
4522:
4494:
4451:
4354:
4329:"The comparative osteology of grebes (Aves: Podicipediformes) and its systematic implications"
4234:
4224:
4007:
4001:
3967:
3889:
3845:
3796:
3658:
3622:
3594:
3477:
3445:
3170:
2633:
2256:
1144:
1092:
238:
6693:
3679:
1263:
Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Glenns Ferry Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Idaho, USA)
755:, are often striped and retain some of their juvenile plumage even after reaching full size.
6755:
6141:
5283:
4955:
4897:
4830:
4771:
4760:
4725:
4715:
4673:
4428:
4374:
4275:
4195:
4160:
4128:
4101:
4055:
3928:
3881:
3835:
3827:
3788:
3753:
3556:
3509:
3387:
3311:
3190:
3123:
2999:
2835:
2698:
2546:
2534:
2298:
2082:
1920:
1604:
1427:
1164:
1084:
1060:
623:
449:
377:
341:
6373:
6201:
5671:
5193:
5178:
5116:
5015:
4943:
4852:
4669:
4642:
4584:
4532:
3953:"The contribution of fossils to the reconstruction of the higher-level phylogeny of birds"
3391:
3315:
2974:
1036:
732:
650:
643:
368:
3441:
3336:
is the only one that is a grebe specialist. Another major group of parasites are the two
4424:
4411:
Ksepka, D. T.; Kammerer, C. (2013). "Corrigendum: Taxonomic status of the Least Grebe".
4370:
4097:
4051:
3877:
3749:
3163:
2992:
2238:
618:
6483:
6413:
6365:
6299:
6238:
6193:
6180:
6054:
6017:
5868:
5642:
5479:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5203:
5188:
5083:
5078:
5058:
5053:
5035:
4983:
4916:
4785:
4601:
4551:
3840:
3815:
3289:
3281:
3010:
1250:
A few more recent grebe fossils could not be assigned to modern or prehistoric genera:
811:
548:("foot"), a reference to the placement of a grebe's legs towards the rear of its body.
517:
445:
223:
6589:
4617:
4105:
3792:
6798:
6602:
6421:
6405:
6328:
6320:
6154:
5952:
5802:
5689:
5647:
5447:
5439:
5361:
5325:
5243:
5167:
4892:
4862:
4730:
4328:
4067:
3933:
3916:
3521:
3383:
3370:
3341:
3087:
2929:
2668:
2585:
2001:
1072:
842:
784:
534:
88:
46:
4596:
4386:
4216:
3765:
3568:
3204:
The feeding ecology of grebes is diverse. Larger species such as those in the genus
3197:) is a large species of grebe that mostly hunts fish. Here a parent feeds its chick.
716:
A pair of great crested grebe in breeding plumage as they perform a courtship ritual
6628:
6507:
6251:
6096:
5912:
5750:
5698:
5570:
5531:
5300:
5288:
5278:
5268:
4965:
4883:
4872:
4840:
4710:
4556:
Distribution and taxonomy of the birds of the world: A Study in Molecular Evolution
3901:
3399:
3206:
2823:
2751:
2657:
2396:
2132:
2034:
1726:
1537:
1410:
893:
855:
767:
Many molecular and morphological studies support a relationship between grebes and
580:
484:
293:
4151:
Murray, Bertram G. (May 1967). "Grebes from the Late Pliocene of North America".
3432:
6719:
6675:
6569:
6312:
6159:
5965:
5944:
5933:
5898:
5765:
5755:
5713:
5604:
5471:
5273:
5098:
5093:
5025:
5010:
4978:
4867:
4857:
4735:
4701:
4623:
3816:"Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils"
3395:
3345:
3285:
3212:
3115:
3099:
3095:
2961:
2867:
2338:
2327:
2115:
1854:
1830:
1709:
1635:
1520:
1362:
941:
850:
603:
595:
288:
63:
6429:
6291:
6230:
6209:
6041:
6025:
5960:
5905:
5877:
5809:
5774:
5652:
5500:
5335:
5310:
5068:
4746:
4266:
Jehl, Joseph R. (January 1967). "Pleistocene Birds from Fossil Lake, Oregon".
4238:
4059:
3377:) was one of the three species of lake endemic grebes that have gone extinct.
3354:
3349:
3326:
3272:
3218:
3131:
3091:
3083:
3079:
2245:
1937:
1652:
1314:
1189:
1007:
996:
912:
882:
871:
492:
including habitat loss, the introduction of invasive predatory fish and human
437:
316:
264:
108:
73:
3971:
6649:
6389:
6344:
6133:
5926:
5843:
5827:
5816:
5726:
5662:
5621:
5320:
5121:
5108:
5088:
4988:
4577:
3885:
3299:
3296:
3276:
is an external parasite that has been found in the nasal cavities of grebes.
3223:
3147:
1116:
1080:
953:
933:
922:
863:
654:
300:
167:
113:
57:
6560:
3893:
3849:
3831:
3800:
3513:
567:
A diving grebe showing how the hindlimbs are propelling the bird underwater
787:. However, as early as the 1930s, this was determined to be an example of
561:
6554:
6357:
6087:
6062:
6008:
5919:
5891:
5781:
5745:
5737:
5719:
5614:
5599:
5583:
5330:
5293:
5126:
4821:
4200:
3241:
2740:
1743:
1496:
1237:
1226:
1100:
1025:
1015:
982:
971:
945:
876:
832:
800:
768:
748:
736:
523:
493:
476:
324:
308:
272:
187:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
50:
3090:
and arid environments. They have successfully colonized islands such as
6267:
6120:
5999:
5884:
5850:
5788:
5609:
5463:
5455:
5148:
5020:
5005:
4995:
4691:
4432:
4378:
4287:
4172:
3757:
3560:
3303:
3292:
2309:
867:
776:
744:
724:
457:
210:
118:
93:
4908:
874:. There are a few prehistoric genera that are now completely extinct.
602:), at 120 g (4.2 oz) and 23.5 cm (9.3 in), to the
17:
6397:
6336:
6112:
6104:
6033:
5973:
5857:
5795:
5678:
5345:
5340:
5218:
4476:
Miscellaneous Publications-Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.
4353:
Ksepka, D. T.; Balanoff, A. M.; Bell, M. A.; Houseman, M. D. (2013).
177:
6680:
6667:
6531:
4616:
4279:
4164:
4133:
775:
The grebes are a radically distinct group of birds as regards their
6654:
4186:
Alvarez, R. (1977). "A Pleistocene Avifauna from Jalisco, Mexico".
3284:
have been known to parasitize the intestinal region of grebes. The
6283:
5633:
4683:
3365:
3265:
3139:
846:
825:
808:
804:
762:
639:
617:
467:
Although, superficially, they resemble other diving birds such as
461:
3318:
also contain several cestode species that are grebe specialists.
6259:
5626:
5589:
5559:
4973:
4939:
3680:"Feather-eating and Pellet-formation in the Great Crested Grebe"
3337:
3322:
3135:
780:
779:. Accordingly, they were at first believed to be related to the
658:
472:
468:
197:
6535:
5423:
4912:
4638:
6381:
5238:
5000:
4622:
441:
425:
353:
30:
This article is about the order of birds. For other uses, see
6641:
1219:(Chibanian to the Tarantian stages of Florida, United States)
862:
True grebes suddenly appear in the fossil record in the Late
1279:
419:
657:
component which supports their primary feathers, while the
407:
4217:"A preliminary review of the grebes, family Podicipedidae"
3352:
have evolved to occupy different sections of the feather.
630:). Note that the pelvic girdle is bigger than the sternum.
594:
Grebes are small to medium-large in size ranging from the
386:
4518:
Grebes of our world: visiting all species on 5 continents
413:
398:
392:
347:
814:("miraculous birds" due to their extreme divergence and
799:
Recent molecular studies have suggested a relation with
3146:
along the coastlines. Grebes are most prevalent in the
3150:
with almost half of the world's species native there.
704:
A great crested grebe in nonbreeding or winter plumage
428:
416:
395:
380:
359:
410:
404:
389:
383:
356:
350:
6544:
6356:
6311:
6250:
6221:
6192:
6171:
6132:
6095:
6086:
6053:
6016:
6007:
5998:
5943:
5867:
5826:
5764:
5736:
5712:
5688:
5661:
5582:
5569:
5530:
5499:
5438:
5354:
5257:
5157:
5107:
5034:
4964:
4881:
4819:
4794:
4769:
4744:
4699:
4681:
3321:The prominent external parasites of grebes are the
422:
401:
344:
4223:. British Ornithologists' Club. pp. 125–131.
4121:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
3431:
4348:
4346:
3495:
3493:
4322:
4320:
3724:: ein Vergleich ihrer hinteren Extremität" [
1276:(2013) that have been done on the grebe genera.
692:) chick with its downy feathers and striped head
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3508:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
4446:Harrison, P.; Perrow, M.; Larsson, H. (2021).
4924:
4650:
4469:
4467:
4188:Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3617:Fjeldså, John (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
8:
3946:
3944:
511:
505:
496:. As such, three species have gone extinct.
4146:
4144:
4079:
4077:
3621:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 59–60.
3440:(Hardcover ed.). Ortho Books. p.
3142:. Once winter arrives many will migrate to
1018:stages of western United States and Mexico)
543:
537:
528:
6532:
6092:
6013:
6004:
5995:
5733:
5579:
5566:
5527:
5523:
5496:
5435:
5431:
5420:
5416:
4931:
4917:
4909:
4657:
4643:
4635:
4539:. Bruce Coleman Books, Uxbridge, England.
3593:. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
3078:Grebes are a nearly cosmopolitan clade of
1207:(Piacenzian stage of Idaho, United States)
129:
38:
4413:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
4359:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
4261:
4259:
4199:
4132:
3932:
3839:
3736:: a comparison of their hind limbs].
3549:Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie
830:Reconstructed skeleton of fossil slab of
4558:. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
2222:
4194:(19). University of Michigan: 205–220.
3422:
987:Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler, 2002
976:Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler, 2002
504:The word "grebe" comes from the French
440:birds, with some species also found in
6825:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte
4448:Seabirds: The New Identification Guide
3412:List of Podicipediformes by population
4307:Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
3781:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3612:
3610:
3528:from the original on 21 December 2022
3249:In the smaller and basal genera like
1103:age of North Carolina, United States)
7:
6743:be8226c5-7a8c-429a-8827-d550be0c5e03
6490:
4221:Systematic Notes on Asian Birds 2010
3502:"Grebes (Podicipedidae) version 1.0"
6514:
3657:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3074:Habitat, distribution and migration
2107:
2057:
2050:
2026:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1912:
1905:
1846:
1822:
1815:
1805:
1701:
1677:
1627:
1620:
1596:
1586:
1512:
1488:
1402:
1378:
1354:
1330:
1306:
1299:
1289:
1067:(Piacenzian stage of North America)
1043:(Piacenzian stage of North America)
527:which is a combination of Latin of
475:, they are most closely related to
4554:& Monroe, Burt L. Jr. (1990):
4303:"Pliocene bird remains from Idaho"
3981:from the original on 11 April 2016
3921:Zoological Journal of the Society
3082:, found on every continent except
2969:von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894
2954:von Berlepsch & Stolzmann 1894
2809:(Australasian great crested grebe)
1171:(Zanclean age of Western Mongolia)
367:) are aquatic diving birds in the
25:
6820:Extant Chattian first appearances
5392:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
4493:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
2363:(van Rossem & Hachisuka 1937)
1131:(Aquitanian age of North America)
1087:stages of Florida, United States)
436:). Grebes are widely distributed
6513:
6501:
6489:
6478:
6477:
6368:(New World vultures and condors)
4625:The New Student's Reference Work
3960:Species, Phylogeny and Evolution
3934:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00094.x
3182:
3162:
2991:
2732:
2649:
2602:
2319:
2237:
709:
697:
677:
572:
560:
376:
340:
154:
4393:from the original on 2023-01-02
4245:from the original on 2022-10-23
4020:from the original on 2023-03-18
3712:Stolpe, Max (1 January 1935). "
3694:from the original on 2016-04-15
3619:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
915:stage of western United States)
3915:Mayr, Gerald (February 2004).
2875:(Boddaert 1783) Bochenski 1994
2800:(Eurasian great crested grebe)
1:
4597:Diving Birds of North America
4491:Extinct Birds: Second Edition
4450:. Barcelona: Lynx Ediciones.
4106:10.1016/S0753-3969(00)80003-8
3793:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00159-3
3591:Diving Birds of North America
3402:, along with climate change.
3040:(Falkland white-tufted grebe)
2915:(Eurasian black-necked grebe)
2818:(African great crested grebe)
2292:(Antillean pied-billed grebe)
4520:. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
3049:(Chilean white-tufted grebe)
2924:(African black-necked grebe)
2283:(southern pied-billed grebe)
2274:(northern pied-billed grebe)
1055:(Piacenzian stage of Europe)
6432:(woodpeckers and relatives)
4333:Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia
4301:Wetmore, Alexander (1933).
3329:. One genus of these lice,
3122:) and the recently extinct
3098:. Some species such as the
3086:. They are absent from the
2626:Poliocephalus poliocephalus
2476:Tachybaptus novaehollandiae
1387:Tachybaptus novaehollandiae
1181:(Miller & Bowman, 1958)
1159:(Piacenzian stage of Italy)
542:("rear-end" or "anus") and
6841:
6294:(cormorants and relatives)
5387:Extinct species since 1500
4672:: Podicipediformes ·
4535:& Rose, Chris (2003):
3058:(Junín white-tufted grebe)
2982:(Meyer de Schauensee 1959)
2629:(Jardine & Selby 1827)
29:
6473:
6424:(kingfishers and rollers)
6278:(albatrosses and petrels)
6162:(swifts and hummingbirds)
6144:(nightjars and relatives)
5994:
5968:(pheasants and relatives)
5526:
5495:
5434:
5430:
5419:
5415:
4951:
4219:. In Wells, David (ed.).
4060:10.1134/S0031030115050159
3310:. Other families such as
3235:Breeding and reproduction
2673:Aechmophorus occidentalis
2489:(Australian little grebe)
2467:(Philippine little grebe)
2129:
2112:
2105:
2079:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2031:
2024:
1998:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1934:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1868:
1851:
1844:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1740:
1723:
1706:
1699:
1682:
1675:
1649:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1601:
1594:
1534:
1517:
1510:
1493:
1486:
1424:
1407:
1400:
1383:
1376:
1359:
1352:
1335:
1328:
1311:
1304:
1297:
285:
280:
270:
263:
151:Scientific classification
149:
137:
128:
41:
6323:(seriemas and relatives)
6302:(pelicans and relatives)
4609:Documentary produced by
4215:Mlíkovský, Jiří (2010).
4086:Annales de Paléontologie
3738:Journal für Ornithologie
3231:different prey sources.
2956:(northern silvery grebe)
2947:(southern silvery grebe)
2638:Poliocephalus rufopectus
1244:(Tortonian age of Spain)
1147:stages of North America)
989:(Langhian age of Serbia)
6416:(hornbills and hoopoes)
6331:(falcons and relatives)
4040:Paleontological Journal
3886:10.1126/science.1157704
3476:. Bruce Coleman Books.
3472:Ogilvie, M. A. (2002).
3430:Mace, Alice E. (1986).
3038:Quoy & Gaimard 1824
3030:Quoy & Gaimard 1824
2769:(Eurasian horned grebe)
2590:Tachybaptus rufolavatus
2441:(Mindanao little grebe)
2414:(European little grebe)
2390:Storer & Getty 1985
487:data. Many species are
6400:(trogons and quetzals)
6212:(cranes and relatives)
5482:(emus and cassowaries)
5372:Glossary of bird terms
5184:Confuciusornithiformes
4516:Konter, André (2001):
4327:Bochenski, Z. (1994).
4003:Paleogene Fossil Birds
3832:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523
3589:Johnsgard, P. (1987).
3514:10.2173/bow.podici1.01
3433:"Changes Through Time"
3378:
3277:
2432:(African little grebe)
2401:Tachybaptus ruficollis
2219:Recent species listing
1411:Tachybaptus ruficollis
838:
772:
631:
614:Anatomy and physiology
585:Tachybaptus ruficollis
544:
538:
529:
512:
506:
32:Grebe (disambiguation)
6764:Paleobiology Database
6241:(kagu and sunbittern)
6204:(gulls and relatives)
5209:Songlingornithiformes
5174:Omnivoropterygiformes
4000:Mayr, Gerald (2009).
3951:Mayr, Gerald (2006).
3369:
3269:
3226:. The aforementioned
2966:Podiceps taczanowskii
2539:Tachybaptus pelzelnii
2484:T. n. novaehollandiae
2423:(Indian little grebe)
2374:(Mexican least grebe)
2343:Tachybaptus dominicus
1363:Tachybaptus dominicus
1201:Podilymbus majusculus
1008:Pliolymbus baryosteus
948:ages of East Siberia)
829:
791:caused by the strong
766:
621:
600:Tachybaptus dominicus
552:Field characteristics
6063:Phoenicopteriformes
4843:(or Slavonian grebe)
4607:Grebes Walk on Water
4552:Sibley, Charles Gald
4489:Hume, J. P. (2017).
3653:Fjeldså, J. (2004).
3195:Aechmophorus clarkii
3120:P. taczanowskii
3104:Podiceps nigricollis
3015:Rollandia microptera
2934:Podiceps occipitalis
2902:Podiceps nigricollis
2853:(gray-cheeked grebe)
2754:or Slavonian grebe,
2719:A. c. transitionalis
2703:Aechmophorus clarkii
2551:Tachybaptus tricolor
2383:(short-billed grebe)
2378:T. d. brachyrhynchus
2002:Podiceps occipitalis
1985:Podiceps nigricollis
1125:Podiceps oligoceanus
1049:Podiceps csarnotanus
934:Miobaptus huzhiricus
905:Aechmophorus elasson
870:, around 23–25
789:convergent evolution
723:Grebes have unusual
456:, which includes 22
6034:Mesitornithiformes
6028:(doves and pigeons)
5362:Families and orders
5224:Ichthyornithiformes
5199:Patagopterygiformes
4836:Great crested grebe
4578:Tree of Life Grebes
4537:Grebes of the World
4425:2013Palgy..56.1171K
4371:2013Palgy..56.1149K
4098:2000AnPal..86..129S
4052:2015PalJ...49..521Z
3878:2008Sci...320.1763H
3872:(5884): 1763–1768.
3750:1935JOrni..83..115S
3474:Grebes of the World
3438:The Birds Around Us
3375:T. rufolavatus
3175:Podilymbus podiceps
3144:marine environments
3108:great crested grebe
2783:Great crested grebe
2450:(Iraq little grebe)
2356:(West Indian grebe)
2261:Podilymbus podiceps
1213:Podilymbus wetmorei
1109:Podiceps miocenicus
1014:(Piacenzian to the
686:great crested grebe
139:Great crested grebe
6376:(eagles and hawks)
6276:Procellariiformes
6181:Opisthocomiformes
6150:Steatornithiformes
5377:List by population
5214:Hongshanornithidae
5139:Evolution of birds
4847:Black-necked grebe
4806:Hoary-headed grebe
4781:White-tufted grebe
4721:Australasian grebe
4611:Oregon Field Guide
4583:2013-06-25 at the
4433:10.1111/pala.12068
4379:10.1111/pala.12040
3758:10.1007/BF01908745
3561:10.1007/BF00339264
3506:Birds of the World
3379:
3302:and the nymphs of
3278:
3023:White-tufted grebe
2898:Black-necked grebe
2840:Podiceps grisegena
2828:Podiceps gallardoi
2787:Podiceps cristatus
2681:A. o. occidentalis
2622:Hoary-headed grebe
2525:T. n. rennellianus
2517:T. n. leucosternos
2473:Australasian grebe
2462:T. r. philippensis
2369:T. d. brachypterus
2083:Podiceps grisegena
2066:Podiceps cristatus
1177:Podiceps subparvus
839:
773:
690:Podiceps cristatus
632:
628:Podiceps grisegena
479:, as supported by
143:Podiceps cristatus
6792:
6791:
6751:Open Tree of Life
6538:Taxon identifiers
6529:
6528:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6262:(loons or divers)
6231:Phaethontiformes
6223:Phaethontimorphae
6173:Opisthocomiformes
6142:Caprimulgiformes
6082:
6081:
6071:Podicipediformes
5990:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5708:
5707:
5491:
5490:
5448:Struthioniformes
5316:Waterfowl hunting
5249:Gastornithiformes
5244:Aepyornithiformes
5234:Lithornithiformes
4906:
4905:
4811:New Zealand grebe
4756:Pied-billed grebe
4589:openclipart.org:
4567:
4548:
4529:
4457:978-84-16728-41-1
4230:978-0-9522886-5-7
4013:978-3-540-89628-9
3628:978-1-85391-186-6
3451:978-0-89721-068-3
3171:pied-billed grebe
3112:P. cristatus
3066:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3039:
3031:
3027:Rollandia rolland
3019:
2983:
2970:
2955:
2946:
2942:P. o. occipitalis
2938:
2923:
2914:
2910:P. n. nigricollis
2906:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2862:(Holbøll's grebe)
2861:
2852:
2844:
2832:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2791:
2777:
2768:
2760:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2693:
2689:A. o. ephemeralis
2685:
2677:
2642:
2634:New Zealand grebe
2630:
2594:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2543:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2480:
2466:
2465:(Bonnaterre 1790)
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2405:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2347:
2307:
2291:
2282:
2278:P. p. antarcticus
2273:
2265:
2257:Pied-billed grebe
2215:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2094:
2093:
2013:
2012:
1949:
1948:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1664:
1663:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1243:
1232:
1218:
1206:
1195:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1143:(Gelasian to the
1142:
1130:
1114:
1098:
1093:Podiceps howardae
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1031:
1013:
1002:
988:
983:Miodytes serbicus
977:
959:
954:Miobaptus walteri
939:
928:
910:
899:
333:
332:
259:
242:
16:(Redirected from
6832:
6810:Podicipediformes
6785:
6784:
6772:
6771:
6759:
6758:
6746:
6745:
6736:
6735:
6723:
6722:
6720:NBNSYS0000160755
6710:
6709:
6697:
6696:
6684:
6683:
6671:
6670:
6658:
6657:
6645:
6644:
6632:
6631:
6619:
6618:
6606:
6605:
6593:
6592:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6533:
6517:
6516:
6505:
6493:
6492:
6481:
6480:
6433:
6425:
6417:
6409:
6406:Leptosomiformes
6401:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6374:Accipitriformes
6369:
6348:
6347:(perching birds)
6340:
6332:
6324:
6303:
6295:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6268:Sphenisciformes
6263:
6242:
6234:
6213:
6205:
6202:Charadriiformes
6184:
6163:
6145:
6124:
6116:
6113:Musophagiformes
6108:
6093:
6074:
6066:
6045:
6037:
6029:
6014:
6005:
5996:
5969:
5956:
5734:
5730:
5723:
5636:
5629:
5593:
5580:
5576:
5567:
5563:
5528:
5524:
5497:
5483:
5475:
5467:
5459:
5451:
5436:
5432:
5421:
5417:
5284:Bird collections
5239:Dinornithiformes
5144:Darwin's finches
5134:Origin of flight
5074:Seabird breeding
5064:Sexual selection
4933:
4926:
4919:
4910:
4849:(or eared grebe)
4831:Red-necked grebe
4726:Madagascar grebe
4716:Tricolored grebe
4676:: Podicipedidae)
4659:
4652:
4645:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4620:
4559:
4540:
4533:Ogilvie, Malcolm
4521:
4505:
4504:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4365:(5): 1149–1169.
4350:
4341:
4340:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4148:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3957:
3948:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3843:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3678:Simmons (1956).
3675:
3669:
3668:
3650:
3633:
3632:
3614:
3605:
3604:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3469:
3456:
3455:
3435:
3427:
3340:of the families
3312:Echinostomatidae
3288:are a family of
3270:The leech genus
3186:
3166:
3128:Podilymbus gigas
3055:
3046:
3037:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2995:
2981:
2979:Podiceps andinus
2968:
2953:
2951:P. o. juninensis
2944:
2936:
2921:
2912:
2904:
2900:or eared grebe,
2890:
2882:
2874:
2859:
2850:
2842:
2836:Red-necked grebe
2830:
2815:
2813:P. c. infuscatus
2806:
2797:
2789:
2775:
2766:
2758:
2756:Podiceps auritus
2746:
2736:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2663:
2653:
2640:
2628:
2616:
2606:
2592:
2577:
2575:T. t. vulcanorum
2569:
2561:
2553:
2547:Tricolored grebe
2541:
2535:Madagascar grebe
2527:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2495:
2486:
2478:
2464:
2457:(Reichenow 1902)
2456:
2448:(Ticehurst 1923)
2447:
2445:T. r. iraquensis
2438:
2430:(Salvadori 1884)
2429:
2420:
2411:
2409:T. r. ruficollis
2403:
2389:
2387:T. d. eisenmanni
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2345:
2333:
2332:Reichenbach 1853
2323:
2305:
2303:Podilymbus gigas
2289:
2287:P. p. antillarum
2280:
2271:
2263:
2251:
2241:
2223:
2108:
2058:
2051:
2035:Podiceps auritus
2027:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1913:
1906:
1847:
1823:
1816:
1806:
1702:
1678:
1628:
1621:
1597:
1587:
1513:
1489:
1403:
1379:
1355:
1331:
1307:
1300:
1290:
1285:Bochenski (1994)
1280:
1241:
1238:Thiornis sociata
1230:
1216:
1204:
1193:
1180:
1168:
1165:Podiceps solidus
1156:
1153:Podiceps pisanus
1141:(Shufeldt, 1913)
1140:
1129:(Shufeldt, 1915)
1128:
1112:
1096:
1076:
1064:
1061:Podiceps discors
1052:
1040:
1029:
1011:
1000:
986:
975:
957:
937:
926:
908:
897:
837:, an early grebe
733:uropygial glands
713:
701:
681:
624:red-necked grebe
622:A skeleton of a
576:
564:
547:
541:
532:
515:
509:
483:, molecular and
444:habitats during
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
372:Podicipediformes
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
254:
237:
234:Podicipediformes
159:
158:
133:
123:
60:
45:Temporal range:
39:
21:
6840:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6780:
6775:
6767:
6762:
6754:
6749:
6741:
6739:
6731:
6726:
6718:
6713:
6705:
6700:
6692:
6687:
6679:
6674:
6666:
6661:
6653:
6648:
6640:
6635:
6627:
6622:
6614:
6609:
6601:
6596:
6588:
6583:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6540:
6530:
6525:
6437:
6431:
6423:
6415:
6414:Bucerotiformes
6408:(cuckoo-roller)
6407:
6399:
6391:
6383:
6375:
6367:
6366:Cathartiformes
6352:
6346:
6338:
6337:Psittaciformes
6330:
6322:
6307:
6301:
6300:Pelecaniformes
6293:
6285:
6277:
6269:
6261:
6246:
6240:
6239:Eurypygiformes
6232:
6217:
6211:
6203:
6188:
6182:
6167:
6161:
6143:
6128:
6122:
6114:
6106:
6078:
6072:
6064:
6049:
6043:
6042:Pterocliformes
6035:
6027:
5978:
5967:
5954:
5939:
5863:
5822:
5760:
5725:
5724:
5717:
5716:
5704:
5684:
5657:
5634:
5627:
5587:
5586:
5574:
5573:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5487:
5481:
5480:Casuariiformes
5473:
5472:Apterygiformes
5465:
5457:
5449:
5426:
5411:
5382:Lists by region
5350:
5260:
5253:
5194:Chaoyangiformes
5179:Jeholornithidae
5153:
5117:Origin of birds
5103:
5084:Brood parasites
5030:
4960:
4947:
4937:
4907:
4902:
4877:
4853:Colombian grebe
4815:
4790:
4765:
4740:
4695:
4677:
4663:
4615:
4591:Grebes clip-art
4585:Wayback Machine
4574:
4513:
4511:Further reading
4508:
4501:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4396:
4394:
4352:
4351:
4344:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4280:10.2307/1366369
4265:
4264:
4257:
4248:
4246:
4231:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4165:10.2307/1366317
4150:
4149:
4142:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4023:
4021:
4014:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3820:Biology Letters
3813:
3812:
3808:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3652:
3651:
3636:
3629:
3616:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3588:
3587:
3576:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3499:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3471:
3470:
3459:
3452:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3408:
3392:Colombian grebe
3364:
3316:Hymenolepididae
3282:parasitic worms
3280:249 species of
3264:
3237:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3167:
3156:
3154:Feeding ecology
3076:
3071:
3069:Natural history
3053:R. r. morrisoni
3044:R. r. chilensis
3004:Bonaparte, 1856
3003:
2975:Colombian grebe
2883:(Boddaert 1783)
2857:P. g. holbollii
2851:(Boddaert 1783)
2848:P. g. grisegena
2843:(Boddaert 1783)
2804:P. c. australis
2798:(Linnaeus 1758)
2795:P. c. cristatus
2790:(Linnaeus 1758)
2767:(Linnaeus 1758)
2759:(Linnaeus 1758)
2744:
2714:(Lawrence 1858)
2706:(Lawrence 1858)
2684:(Lawrence 1858)
2676:(Lawrence 1858)
2661:
2614:
2593:(Delacour 1932)
2542:(Hartlaub 1861)
2509:T. n. javanicus
2487:(Stephens 1826)
2479:(Stephens 1826)
2421:(Blanford 1877)
2418:T. r. albescens
2354:(Linnaeus 1766)
2351:T. d. dominicus
2346:(Linnaeus 1766)
2331:
2272:(Linnaeus 1758)
2264:(Linnaeus 1758)
2249:
2232:Living species
2221:
2216:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2095:
2014:
1950:
1893:
1884:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1665:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1270:
1256:Podiceps parvus
1137:Podiceps parvus
1119:age of Moldova)
1037:Podiceps arndti
824:
761:
721:
720:
719:
718:
717:
714:
706:
705:
702:
694:
693:
682:
671:
651:carpometacarpus
644:tarsometatarsus
638:The leg bones (
616:
592:
591:
590:
589:
588:
577:
569:
568:
565:
554:
502:
485:paleontological
379:
375:
343:
339:
276:
253:
236:
153:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
55:
54:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6838:
6836:
6828:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6815:Diving animals
6812:
6807:
6797:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6773:
6760:
6747:
6737:
6724:
6711:
6698:
6685:
6672:
6659:
6646:
6633:
6620:
6607:
6594:
6581:
6566:
6550:
6548:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6511:
6499:
6487:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6427:
6422:Coraciiformes
6419:
6411:
6403:
6398:Trogoniformes
6395:
6387:
6379:
6371:
6362:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6345:Passeriformes
6342:
6334:
6329:Falconiformes
6326:
6321:Cariamiformes
6317:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6297:
6289:
6284:Ciconiiformes
6281:
6273:
6265:
6256:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6236:
6227:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6207:
6198:
6196:
6194:Cursorimorphae
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6177:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6138:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6118:
6110:
6101:
6099:
6090:
6084:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6068:
6059:
6057:
6055:Mirandornithes
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6039:
6031:
6026:Columbiformes
6022:
6020:
6018:Columbimorphae
6011:
6002:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5963:
5958:
5953:Meleagridinae
5949:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5873:
5871:
5869:Odontophoridae
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5832:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5770:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5731:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5694:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5675:
5667:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5648:Stictonettinae
5645:
5643:Dendrocygninae
5640:
5639:
5638:
5631:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5596:
5594:
5577:
5564:
5521:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5477:
5469:
5461:
5453:
5444:
5442:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5396:Notable birds
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5346:Egg collecting
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5229:Hesperornithes
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5204:Ambiortiformes
5201:
5196:
5191:
5189:Enantiornithes
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5163:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5113:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4913:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4786:Titicaca grebe
4783:
4777:
4775:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4697:
4696:
4689:
4687:
4679:
4678:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4613:
4604:
4602:Paul Johnsgard
4593:
4587:
4573:
4572:External links
4570:
4569:
4568:
4549:
4530:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4500:978-1472937445
4499:
4481:
4463:
4456:
4438:
4403:
4342:
4316:
4293:
4255:
4229:
4207:
4178:
4159:(3): 277–288.
4140:
4111:
4092:(2): 129–139.
4073:
4046:(5): 521–529.
4030:
4012:
3992:
3940:
3927:(2): 157–169.
3907:
3855:
3826:(4): 543–547.
3806:
3787:(1): 140–151.
3771:
3744:(1): 115–128.
3704:
3670:
3664:978-0198500643
3663:
3634:
3627:
3606:
3599:
3574:
3555:(3): 410–418.
3539:
3489:
3483:978-1872842035
3482:
3457:
3450:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3404:
3363:
3360:
3308:Dioecocestidae
3263:
3260:
3236:
3233:
3188:
3181:
3180:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3134:habitats like
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3050:
3041:
3020:
3011:Titicaca grebe
3006:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2984:(extinct 1977)
2971:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2948:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:(Roberts 1919)
2916:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2872:Podiceps major
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:Reinhardt 1853
2854:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:Salvadori 1884
2810:
2801:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2773:P. a. cornutus
2770:
2747:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2722:Dickerman 1986
2716:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2692:Dickerman 1986
2686:
2664:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2617:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:(extinct 2010)
2582:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2567:T. t. collaris
2564:
2559:T. t. tricolor
2544:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2459:
2451:
2442:
2436:T. r. cotabato
2433:
2427:T. r. capensis
2424:
2415:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2381:(Chapman 1899)
2375:
2372:(Chapman 1899)
2366:
2365:(Bangs' grebe)
2357:
2334:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2269:P. p. podiceps
2252:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:Podiceps major
2111:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1582:Fjeldså (2004)
1578:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1288:
1278:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1208:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1169:Kuročkin, 1985
1160:
1157:(Portis, 1888)
1148:
1132:
1120:
1104:
1088:
1077:Brodkorp, 1963
1068:
1056:
1044:
1041:Chandler, 1990
1021:
1020:
1019:
992:
991:
990:
967:
966:
965:
964:age of Europe)
949:
938:Zelenkov, 2015
918:
917:
916:
823:
820:
812:Mirandornithes
760:
757:
715:
708:
707:
703:
696:
695:
683:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
670:
667:
615:
612:
608:Podiceps major
578:
571:
570:
566:
559:
558:
557:
556:
555:
553:
550:
518:Thomas Pennant
501:
498:
460:in six extant
331:
330:
329:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
291:
283:
282:
278:
277:
268:
267:
261:
260:
248:
244:
243:
231:
227:
226:
224:Mirandornithes
221:
214:
213:
208:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
147:
146:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
61:
44:
27:Order of birds
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6837:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6805:Podicipedidae
6803:
6802:
6800:
6783:
6778:
6774:
6770:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6738:
6734:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6603:Podicipedidae
6599:
6595:
6591:
6590:Podicipedidae
6586:
6582:
6577:
6576:Podicipedidae
6571:
6567:
6562:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6546:Podicipedidae
6543:
6539:
6534:
6522:
6521:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6476:
6475:
6472:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6420:
6418:
6412:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6388:
6386:
6382:Strigiformes
6380:
6378:
6372:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6349:
6343:
6341:
6335:
6333:
6327:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6298:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6282:
6280:
6274:
6272:
6266:
6264:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6249:
6243:
6237:
6235:
6233:(tropicbirds)
6229:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6220:
6214:
6208:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6164:
6158:
6156:
6155:Podargiformes
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6105:Cuculiformes
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6038:
6032:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5803:Macrocephalon
5800:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5728:
5721:
5715:
5711:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5690:Anseranatidae
5687:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5632:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5561:
5555:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5498:
5494:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5470:
5468:
5464:Tinamiformes
5462:
5460:
5454:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5440:Palaeognathae
5437:
5433:
5429:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5326:Pigeon racing
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5256:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5168:Archaeopteryx
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4899:
4898:Clark's grebe
4896:
4894:
4893:Western grebe
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4863:Silvery grebe
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4797:Poliocephalus
4793:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4761:Atitlán grebe
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4731:Alaotra grebe
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4660:
4655:
4653:
4648:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4628:
4626:
4619:
4618:"Grebe"
4614:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4565:0-300-04969-2
4562:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4546:1-872842-03-8
4543:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4527:84-87334-33-4
4524:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4502:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4482:
4477:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4404:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4339:(1): 191–346.
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4208:
4202:
4201:2027.42/48486
4197:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4031:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4004:
3996:
3993:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3740:(in German).
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3600:9780803225664
3596:
3592:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:(in German).
3550:
3543:
3540:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3388:Atitlán grebe
3385:
3384:Alaotra grebe
3376:
3372:
3371:Alaotra grebe
3368:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:Rhinonyssidae
3339:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3325:of the clade
3324:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3192:
3191:Clark's grebe
3185:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3124:Atitlán grebe
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3088:Arctic Circle
3085:
3081:
3073:
3068:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3035:R. r. rolland
3033:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:Silvery grebe
2928:
2920:
2919:P. n. gurneyi
2917:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2858:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2776:(Gmelin 1789)
2774:
2771:
2765:
2764:P. a. auritus
2762:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2711:A. c. clarkii
2709:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2699:Clark's grebe
2697:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2669:Western grebe
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:Poliocephalus
2608:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2591:
2587:
2586:Alaotra grebe
2583:
2578:(Rensch 1929)
2576:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2526:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2499:
2494:
2493:T. n. fumosus
2491:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2412:(Pallas 1764)
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:(Pallas 1764)
2402:
2398:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2304:
2300:
2299:Atitlán grebe
2296:
2288:
2285:
2281:(Lesson 1842)
2279:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1872:Poliocephalus
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1810:Podicipedidae
1808:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:Poliocephalus
1680:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1591:Podicipedidae
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:Poliocephalus
1333:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1294:Podicipedidae
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1113:Kessler, 1984
1111:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1073:Podiceps dixi
1069:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1053:Kessler, 2009
1051:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1003:
999:
998:
993:
985:
984:
979:
978:
974:
973:
968:
963:
956:
955:
950:
947:
943:
936:
935:
930:
929:
925:
924:
919:
914:
907:
906:
901:
900:
896:
895:
890:
889:
888:
885:
884:
879:
878:
873:
869:
865:
860:
857:
853:
852:
848:
844:
843:fossil record
836:
834:
828:
822:Fossil record
821:
819:
817:
813:
810:
806:
802:
797:
794:
790:
786:
785:Colymbiformes
782:
778:
770:
765:
758:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
728:
726:
712:
700:
691:
687:
680:
668:
666:
663:
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
636:
629:
625:
620:
613:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
586:
582:
575:
563:
551:
549:
546:
540:
536:
531:
526:
525:
519:
514:
508:
499:
497:
495:
490:
486:
482:
481:morphological
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
454:Podicipedidae
451:
447:
443:
439:
433:
373:
370:
364:
337:
327:
326:
321:
319:
318:
313:
311:
310:
305:
303:
302:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
284:
279:
275:
274:
269:
266:
262:
257:
252:
251:Podicipedidae
249:
246:
245:
240:
235:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
157:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
56:23.03–0
52:
48:
47:Early Miocene
40:
37:
33:
19:
6545:
6518:
6506:
6494:
6482:
6392:(mousebirds)
6390:Coliiformes
6260:Gaviiformes
6252:Aequornithes
6160:Apodiformes
6121:Otidiformes
6097:Otidimorphae
6070:
6044:(sandgrouse)
5966:Phasianinae
5932:
5925:
5918:
5913:Odontophorus
5911:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5835:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5751:Oreophasinae
5697:
5677:
5670:
5575:(waterfowls)
5571:Anseriformes
5321:Cockfighting
5306:Conservation
5301:Bird feeding
5289:Birdwatching
5279:Ornithomancy
5219:Gansuiformes
5166:
5159:Fossil birds
5049:Intelligence
4884:Aechmophorus
4882:
4873:Hooded grebe
4841:Horned grebe
4820:
4795:
4770:
4745:
4711:Little grebe
4700:
4690:
4682:
4665:
4624:
4595:
4555:
4536:
4517:
4490:
4484:
4478:(188): 1–99.
4475:
4447:
4441:
4416:
4412:
4406:
4395:. Retrieved
4362:
4358:
4336:
4332:
4310:
4306:
4296:
4274:(1): 24–27.
4271:
4267:
4247:. Retrieved
4220:
4210:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4156:
4152:
4127:(1): 1–127.
4124:
4120:
4114:
4089:
4085:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4022:. Retrieved
4006:. Springer.
4002:
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3963:
3959:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3696:. Retrieved
3687:
3683:
3673:
3654:
3618:
3590:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3530:. Retrieved
3505:
3473:
3437:
3425:
3400:hooded grebe
3380:
3374:
3362:Conservation
3353:
3330:
3320:
3290:cyclophyllid
3279:
3271:
3262:Parasitology
3254:
3250:
3248:
3240:
3238:
3228:Aechmophorus
3227:
3217:
3211:
3207:Aechmophorus
3205:
3203:
3194:
3174:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3077:
3056:Simmons 1962
3052:
3043:
3034:
3026:
3014:
2998:
2978:
2965:
2950:
2941:
2933:
2918:
2909:
2901:
2888:P. m. navasi
2887:
2879:
2871:
2856:
2847:
2839:
2831:Rumboll 1974
2827:
2824:Hooded grebe
2812:
2803:
2794:
2786:
2772:
2763:
2755:
2752:Horned grebe
2739:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2658:Aechmophorus
2656:
2637:
2625:
2609:
2589:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2538:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2501:T. n. incola
2500:
2492:
2483:
2475:
2461:
2454:T. r. poggei
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2400:
2397:Little grebe
2386:
2377:
2368:
2360:T. d. bangsi
2359:
2350:
2342:
2326:
2306:Griscom 1929
2302:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2260:
2244:
2209:
2133:Aechmophorus
2131:
2130:
2114:
2113:
2081:
2080:
2064:
2063:
2033:
2032:
2000:
1999:
1983:
1982:
1936:
1935:
1919:
1918:
1870:
1869:
1853:
1852:
1829:
1828:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1742:
1741:
1727:Aechmophorus
1725:
1724:
1710:Podicephorus
1708:
1707:
1684:
1683:
1651:
1650:
1634:
1633:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1538:Aechmophorus
1536:
1535:
1521:Podicephorus
1519:
1518:
1495:
1494:
1426:
1425:
1409:
1408:
1385:
1384:
1361:
1360:
1337:
1336:
1313:
1312:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1255:
1249:
1236:
1225:
1211:
1199:
1188:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1135:
1123:
1107:
1097:Storer, 2001
1091:
1071:
1065:Murray, 1967
1059:
1047:
1035:
1024:
1012:Murray, 1967
1006:
1001:Murray, 1967
995:
981:
970:
952:
932:
921:
909:Murray, 1967
903:
894:Aechmophorus
892:
881:
875:
861:
856:Palaelodidae
849:
840:
831:
798:
774:
752:
729:
722:
689:
664:
648:
637:
633:
627:
607:
599:
593:
584:
581:little grebe
522:
503:
466:
453:
371:
335:
334:
323:
315:
307:
299:
294:Podicipedini
271:
250:
233:
217:
204:
142:
36:
6676:iNaturalist
6570:Wikispecies
6520:WikiProject
6430:Piciformes
6313:Australaves
6292:Suliformes
6210:Gruiformes
6065:(flamingos)
5974:Tetraoninae
5945:Phasianidae
5934:Rhynchortyx
5899:Dactylortyx
5766:Megapodidae
5756:Penelopinae
5714:Galliformes
5456:Rheiformes
5450:(ostriches)
5400:individuals
5274:Ornithology
5261:interaction
5016:Preen gland
4868:Junin grebe
4858:Great grebe
4736:Least grebe
4702:Tachybaptus
4419:(5): 1171.
3730:Hesperornis
3718:Hesperornis
3690:: 432–435.
3532:21 December
3396:Junin grebe
3346:Ereynetidae
3255:Podilymbus,
3251:Tachybaptus
3213:Tachybaptus
3116:Junin grebe
3100:eared grebe
3096:New Zealand
3047:Lesson 1828
2962:Junín grebe
2945:Garnot 1826
2937:Garnot 1826
2891:Manghi 1984
2880:P. m. major
2868:Great grebe
2745:Latham 1787
2662:Coues, 1862
2641:(Gray 1843)
2615:Selby, 1840
2570:(Mayr 1945)
2562:(Gray 1861)
2554:(Gray 1861)
2528:(Mayr 1943)
2520:(Mayr 1931)
2512:(Mayr 1943)
2504:(Mayr 1943)
2496:(Mayr 1943)
2439:(Rand 1948)
2339:Least grebe
2328:Tachybaptus
2250:Lesson 1831
1855:Tachybaptus
1636:Tachybaptus
1242:Navás, 1922
1231:Navás, 1922
1217:Storer 1976
1205:Murray 1967
1194:Lesson 1831
1030:Latham 1787
942:Burdigalian
898:Coues, 1862
851:Juncitarsus
816:apomorphies
759:Systematics
604:great grebe
596:least grebe
289:Podilymbini
6799:Categories
6270:(penguins)
6123:(bustards)
5961:Perdicinae
5906:Dendrortyx
5878:Callipepla
5810:Megapodius
5775:Aepypodius
5653:Tadorninae
5635:true geese
5466:(tinamous)
5425:Neornithes
5336:Pheasantry
5311:Aviculture
5079:Incubation
5069:Lek mating
4747:Podilymbus
4397:2023-01-02
4268:The Condor
4249:2022-10-23
4239:1231997761
4153:The Condor
4024:2022-12-21
3985:10 January
3698:2013-02-22
3655:The Grebes
3418:References
3390:, and the
3355:Theromyzon
3350:Analgoidea
3332:Aquanirmus
3327:Ischnocera
3286:amabiliids
3273:Theromyzon
3224:piscivores
3219:Podilymbus
3132:freshwater
3092:Madagascar
3084:Antarctica
3080:waterbirds
3018:Gould 1868
2913:Brehm 1831
2905:Brehm 1831
2807:Gould 1844
2290:Bangs 1913
2246:Podilymbus
1938:Podilymbus
1653:Podilymbus
1315:Podilymbus
1190:Podilymbus
997:Pliolymbus
962:Aquitanian
958:Švec, 1982
927:Švec, 1982
913:Piacenzian
883:Pliolymbus
489:monogamous
438:freshwater
317:Pliolymbus
281:Subclades
265:Type genus
239:Fürbringer
6339:(parrots)
6183:(hoatzin)
6134:Strisores
6115:(turacos)
6107:(cuckoos)
6036:(mesites)
5955:(turkeys)
5927:Philortyx
5844:Agelastes
5837:Acryllium
5828:Numididae
5817:Talegalla
5727:gamebirds
5720:landfowls
5699:Anseranas
5663:Anhimidae
5622:Anserinae
5405:fictional
5127:dinosaurs
5122:Theropoda
5109:Evolution
5054:Migration
5036:Behaviour
4772:Rollandia
4068:130057204
3972:1098-660X
3966:: 59–64.
3684:Br. Birds
3522:240888948
3148:New World
3000:Rollandia
1921:Rollandia
1831:Dominicus
1605:Rollandia
1428:Rollandia
1268:Phylogeny
1145:Calabrian
1117:Tortonian
1085:Tarantian
1081:Chibanian
923:Miobaptus
866:or Early
864:Oligocene
801:flamingos
793:selective
769:flamingos
655:phalanges
500:Etymology
477:flamingos
446:migration
301:Miobaptus
256:Bonaparte
174:Kingdom:
168:Eukaryota
6555:Wikidata
6484:Category
6358:Afroaves
6286:(storks)
6088:Passerea
6073:(grebes)
6009:Columbea
5920:Oreortyx
5892:Cyrtonyx
5782:Alectura
5746:Cracinae
5738:Cracidae
5615:Oxyurini
5605:Aythyini
5600:Anatinae
5584:Anatidae
5331:Falconry
5294:big year
5149:Seabirds
5059:Foraging
5006:Feathers
4822:Podiceps
4581:Archived
4391:Archived
4387:83938510
4243:Archived
4134:2246/597
4018:Archived
3976:Archived
3894:18583609
3850:17148284
3801:15022765
3766:11147804
3734:Podiceps
3726:Colymbus
3722:Podiceps
3714:Colymbus
3692:Archived
3569:31898176
3526:Archived
3406:See also
3293:cestodes
3242:Podiceps
2741:Podiceps
1744:Podiceps
1497:Podiceps
1227:Thiornis
1101:Zanclean
1026:Podiceps
1016:Gelasian
972:Miodytes
946:Langhian
877:Thiornis
833:Thiornis
753:Podiceps
749:buoyancy
737:preening
669:Feathers
524:Podiceps
494:poaching
325:Thiornis
309:Miodytes
273:Podiceps
247:Family:
188:Chordata
184:Phylum:
178:Animalia
164:Domain:
51:Holocene
6496:Commons
6000:Neoaves
5885:Colinus
5851:Guttera
5789:Eulipoa
5610:Mergini
5474:(kiwis)
5458:(rheas)
5269:Ringing
5094:Hybrids
5089:Nesting
5044:Singing
5021:Plumage
4996:Dactyly
4966:Anatomy
4956:Outline
4946:: Aves)
4692:Species
4630:. 1914.
4421:Bibcode
4367:Bibcode
4313:: 1–12.
4288:1366369
4173:1366317
4094:Bibcode
4048:Bibcode
3902:6472805
3874:Bibcode
3866:Science
3841:1834003
3746:Bibcode
3304:Odonata
3297:corixid
3140:marshes
2310:extinct
1797:Ksepka
1224:Genus †
1083:to the
994:Genus †
969:Genus †
944:to the
920:Genus †
868:Miocene
835:sociata
777:anatomy
745:ventral
725:plumage
539:podicis
458:species
230:Order:
211:Neoaves
194:Class:
6782:136995
6756:452459
6740:NZOR:
6707:174477
6694:101564
6655:1PODCF
6561:Q21695
6508:Portal
6384:(owls)
5858:Numida
5796:Leipoa
5679:Chauna
5672:Anhima
5367:Genera
5341:Imping
5259:Human
5099:Colony
5026:Vision
5011:Flight
4674:family
4666:Grebes
4627:
4563:
4544:
4525:
4497:
4454:
4385:
4286:
4237:
4227:
4171:
4066:
4010:
3970:
3900:
3892:
3848:
3838:
3799:
3764:
3661:
3625:
3597:
3567:
3520:
3480:
3448:
3386:, the
3106:) and
2210:
1801:(2013)
1799:et al.
1274:et al.
1187:Genus
1023:Genus
891:Genus
807:, the
741:pellet
462:genera
452:, the
450:family
442:marine
336:Grebes
258:, 1831
241:, 1888
42:Grebes
18:Grebes
6777:WoRMS
6769:39552
6733:30448
6689:IRMNG
6629:627FZ
5628:swans
5590:ducks
5560:fowls
5355:Lists
4979:Brain
4944:class
4940:Birds
4684:Genus
4670:order
4383:S2CID
4284:JSTOR
4169:JSTOR
4064:S2CID
3979:(PDF)
3956:(PDF)
3898:S2CID
3762:S2CID
3565:S2CID
3518:S2CID
3338:mites
3136:lakes
2312:1989)
2229:Genus
2226:Image
847:genus
809:taxon
805:clade
781:loons
640:femur
530:podex
513:grèbe
507:grèbe
473:coots
469:loons
369:order
218:Clade
205:Clade
6728:NCBI
6702:ITIS
6681:4203
6668:9338
6663:GBIF
6650:EPPO
6642:7993
6616:1499
6611:BOLD
5001:Eggs
4989:milk
4984:Crop
4974:Beak
4561:ISBN
4542:ISBN
4523:ISBN
4495:ISBN
4452:ISBN
4235:OCLC
4225:ISBN
4008:ISBN
3987:2023
3968:ISSN
3890:PMID
3846:PMID
3797:PMID
3659:ISBN
3623:ISBN
3595:ISBN
3534:2022
3478:ISBN
3446:ISBN
3398:and
3344:and
3323:lice
3314:and
3300:bugs
3253:and
3216:and
3189:The
3169:The
3138:and
3094:and
880:and
841:The
659:ulna
642:and
535:gen.
471:and
198:Aves
64:PreꞒ
6715:NBN
6637:EoL
6624:CoL
6598:AFD
6585:ADW
4600:by
4429:doi
4375:doi
4276:doi
4196:hdl
4161:doi
4129:hdl
4102:doi
4056:doi
3929:doi
3925:140
3882:doi
3870:320
3836:PMC
3828:doi
3789:doi
3754:doi
3557:doi
3510:doi
872:mya
545:pes
464:.
420:ɔːr
6801::
6779::
6766::
6753::
6730::
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