1139:
1393:
1377:
1363:
1324:
1423:
1409:
1340:
1331:
1317:
1299:
1290:
1400:
1386:
1354:
1308:
1416:
1370:
1347:
1159:
1219:
30:
1199:
593:
1259:
527:
1239:
1179:
571:
1641:
761:
was added in version 5.1 (2008). A lower and upper case "stigma", designed for its numeric use, is also encoded in
Unicode. Letters derived from the ου ligature exist for use in Latin, and for Cyrillic, though not for Greek itself. Some attempts have been made at recreating typesetting with ligatures
673:
typeface in 1541. However, the use of ligatures gradually declined during the 17th and 18th centuries and became mostly obsolete in modern typesetting. Among the ligatures that remained in use the longest are the
Omicron-Upsilon ligature
661:
In early printed Greek from around 1500, many ligatures fashioned after contemporary manuscript hands continued to be used. Important models for this early typesetting practice were the designs of
513:
557:
1504:
696:('and'), which resembles a κ with a downward stroke on the right. The ου ligature is still occasionally used in decorative writing, while the
550:
1539:
1138:
543:
1666:
1564:
1158:
268:
20:
706:(&). Another ligature that was relatively frequent in early modern printing is a ligature of Ο with ς (a small sigma
1087:
908:
649:
writing. There were dozens of conventional ligatures. Some of them stood for frequent letter combinations, some for
1645:
1218:
1661:
1501:
1671:
1392:
1376:
1362:
1198:
276:
1323:
1422:
1408:
1339:
1330:
1316:
1298:
1289:
530:
1258:
1482:
638:
403:
1399:
1385:
1353:
1307:
1415:
1369:
1346:
1238:
1178:
687:
497:
393:
729:, survived in a special role besides its use as a ligature proper. It took on the function of a
492:
482:
432:
427:
766:
glyph replacement, or with simpler but non-standardized methods of glyph-by-glyph encoding.
570:
383:
361:
29:
592:
1546:
1508:
726:
666:
646:
487:
388:
1623:
1452:
730:
662:
634:
597:
454:
439:
408:
315:
105:
37:
1655:
1437:
675:
733:
for "6", having been visually conflated with the cursive form of the ancient letter
670:
373:
368:
307:
221:
1626:
by
William H. Ingram Duke University Libraries Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
1477:
755:
has been encoded since version 3.0 of the standard (1999). An uppercase version
249:
239:
113:
77:
59:
650:
378:
703:
1640:
1525:
Das Buch der
Schrift: Schriftzeichen und Alphabete aller Zeiten und Völker
763:
1472:
1467:
1025:
846:
746:
734:
642:
446:
333:
289:
185:
123:
95:
702:
abbreviation has some limited usage in functions similar to the Latin
580:
ligature in the middle of the second line (in the word μέθοδος), the
231:
1591:
637:
that were used in medieval handwritten Greek and in early printing.
1568:
1512:
1056:
877:
591:
569:
462:
413:
398:
344:
257:
213:
177:
149:
87:
51:
1456:
1441:
588:
ligature right below that in the fourth line, along many others.
328:
297:
195:
141:
69:
653:
endings of words, and some were abbreviations of entire words.
203:
167:
159:
131:
1460:
1445:
1264:
1244:
1224:
1204:
1184:
1164:
1144:
756:
750:
720:
714:
697:
691:
621:
615:
605:
762:
in modern computer fonts, either through
Unicode-compliant
574:
Early Greek print, from a 1566 edition of
Aristotle.
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
633:are graphic combinations of the letters of the
600:, showing a greatly reduced set of ligatures (
584:ligature below it in the third line, and the
551:
8:
645:writing style and very extensively in later
1421:
1414:
1407:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
955:
776:
558:
544:
24:
745:In the modern computer encoding standard
1284:
1494:
1134:
505:
474:
354:
267:
36:
669:in Paris, who created the influential
988:CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOGRAPH UK
7:
1624:The Ligatures of Early Printed Greek
1440:, which is written with a ligatured
1565:"Unicode fonts for ancient scripts"
991:CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOGRAPH UK
737:, which had this numeral function.
14:
620:, middle of second line; and the
1639:
1455:, also written with a ligatured
1257:
1237:
1217:
1197:
1177:
1157:
1137:
596:18th-century typeface sample by
526:
525:
28:
710:an omicron) for a terminal ος.
16:Ligatures used in Greek writing
949:Latin and Cyrillic Ou digraphs
1:
21:History of the Greek alphabet
355:Diacritics and other symbols
1088:Numeric character reference
909:Numeric character reference
1688:
1461:
1446:
1265:
1245:
1225:
1205:
1185:
1165:
1145:
812:GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA
757:
751:
721:
715:
698:
692:
622:
616:
606:
18:
1527:, Vienna 1880, p.172-176.
1303:
1294:
990:
987:
984:
981:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
811:
808:
805:
803:GREEK CAPITAL KAI SYMBOL
802:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
514:Use as scientific symbols
1590:Schmidthauser, Andreas.
982:LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU
665:in Venice, and those of
1502:The Philokalia Package
985:LATIN SMALL LETTER OU
957:Character information
778:Character information
627:
589:
475:Use in other languages
278:Archaic local variants
1667:Typographic ligatures
1483:Orthographic ligature
678:, which resembles an
610:, end of first line;
595:
576:The sample shows the
573:
1648:at Wikimedia Commons
1538:Greek Font Society.
809:GREEK LETTER STIGMA
1592:"Renaissance Greek"
958:
779:
749:, the abbreviation
1507:2012-05-25 at the
956:
777:
628:
590:
498:Old Italic scripts
1644:Media related to
1429:
1428:
1125:
1124:
946:
945:
806:GREEK KAI SYMBOL
741:Computer encoding
641:were used in the
568:
567:
350:
349:
263:
262:
1679:
1643:
1627:
1621:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1567:. Archived from
1560:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1545:. Archived from
1544:
1534:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1499:
1464:
1463:
1449:
1448:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1402:
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1356:
1349:
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1333:
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1319:
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1292:
1285:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1148:
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1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
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959:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
780:
760:
759:
754:
753:
724:
723:
718:
717:
701:
700:
695:
694:
686:on top, and the
625:
624:
619:
618:
609:
608:
560:
553:
546:
529:
528:
466:
458:
450:
283:
282:
45:
44:
32:
25:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1662:Greek ligatures
1652:
1651:
1646:Greek ligatures
1636:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1605:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1563:George Douros.
1562:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1523:Carl Faulmann,
1522:
1518:
1509:Wayback Machine
1500:
1496:
1491:
1434:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1209:
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1193:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1130:
953:
774:
743:
667:Claude Garamond
659:
631:Greek ligatures
575:
564:
535:
470:
464:
456:
448:
442:
437:
423:
418:
364:
338:
281:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1672:Greek alphabet
1669:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1635:
1634:External links
1632:
1629:
1628:
1603:
1581:
1529:
1516:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1453:iota subscript
1450:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1381:
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1343:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1282:
1281:Other examples
1279:
1275:
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1234:
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1214:
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1183:
1176:
1174:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1143:
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1133:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:Example images
1126:
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1118:
1114:
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1098:
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983:
980:
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963:
951:
950:
944:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
772:
771:
770:Greek digraphs
742:
739:
688:abbreviation ϗ
663:Aldus Manutius
658:
655:
635:Greek alphabet
626:abbreviation).
598:William Caslon
566:
565:
563:
562:
555:
548:
540:
537:
536:
534:
533:
522:
519:
518:
517:
516:
508:
507:
506:Related topics
503:
502:
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500:
495:
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477:
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396:
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365:
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67:
63:
62:
57:
54:
49:
41:
40:
38:Greek alphabet
34:
33:
19:Main article:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1684:
1673:
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1668:
1665:
1663:
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1647:
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1638:
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1625:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1593:
1585:
1582:
1571:on 2011-07-21
1570:
1566:
1552:on 2012-09-07
1548:
1541:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1438:iota adscript
1436:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
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1155:
1152:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
979:Unicode name
978:
977:
960:
954:
948:
947:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
815:
800:Unicode name
799:
798:
781:
775:
769:
768:
767:
765:
748:
740:
738:
736:
732:
728:
725:, now called
713:The ligature
711:
709:
705:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
613:
603:
599:
594:
587:
583:
579:
572:
561:
556:
554:
549:
547:
542:
541:
539:
538:
532:
524:
523:
521:
520:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
504:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
479:
478:
473:
467:
461:
459:
453:
451:
445:
444:
441:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
422:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
363:
359:
358:
353:
346:
343:
340:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
324:
321:
320:
317:
314:
311:
309:
306:
303:
302:
299:
296:
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291:
288:
285:
284:
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279:
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266:
259:
256:
253:
251:
248:
245:
244:
241:
238:
235:
233:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
71:
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
55:
53:
50:
47:
46:
43:
42:
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
1595:. Retrieved
1584:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:the original
1554:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1532:
1524:
1519:
1497:
1270:
1250:
1230:
1210:
1190:
1170:
1150:
1120:ꙋ
1116:ꙋ
1112:Ꙋ
1108:Ꙋ
952:
773:
744:
712:
707:
683:
679:
671:Grecs du roi
660:
651:inflectional
630:
629:
611:
601:
585:
581:
577:
420:
277:
1540:"GFS Gazis"
1478:IX Monogram
1104:ȣ
1096:Ȣ
1079:234 153 139
1073:234 153 138
941:ϛ
933:Ϛ
925:ϗ
917:Ϗ
731:number sign
1656:Categories
1597:2012-07-13
1575:2012-07-13
1556:2012-07-13
1489:References
1100:ȣ
1092:Ȣ
937:ϛ
929:Ϛ
921:ϗ
913:Ϗ
362:Diacritics
1082:EA 99 8B
996:Encodings
974:ꙋ
817:Encodings
704:ampersand
647:minuscule
639:Ligatures
617:πλείστοις
421:Ligatures
1505:Archived
1432:See also
1076:EA 99 8A
971:Ꙋ
795:ϛ
764:OpenType
682:with an
676:Ȣ for ου
531:Category
493:Albanian
483:Bactrian
440:Numerals
1473:Chi-Rho
1468:Tau-Rho
1271:(phēsi)
1171:(-ger-)
1067:200 163
1061:200 162
1051:U+A64B
1026:Unicode
999:decimal
968:ȣ
965:Ȣ
962:Preview
900:207 155
894:207 154
888:207 151
882:207 143
872:U+03DB
847:Unicode
820:decimal
792:Ϛ
789:ϗ
786:Ϗ
783:Preview
747:Unicode
735:digamma
657:History
643:cursive
334:Digamma
290:Digamma
269:History
186:Upsilon
124:Epsilon
96:Omicron
1511:, for
1211:(-mō-)
1151:(-ei-)
1045:U+A64A
1039:U+0223
1033:U+0222
903:CF 9B
866:U+03DA
860:U+03D7
854:U+03CF
727:stigma
708:inside
488:Coptic
232:Lambda
1588:e.g.
1550:(PDF)
1543:(PDF)
1536:e.g.
1513:LaTeX
1251:(oûn)
1231:(-os)
1191:(kai)
1166:-γερ-
1070:C8 A3
1064:C8 A2
1057:UTF-8
1048:42571
1042:42570
897:CF 9A
891:CF 97
885:CF 8F
878:UTF-8
607:"τοῦ"
465:(900)
345:Sampi
316:Koppa
258:Omega
214:Kappa
178:Theta
150:Sigma
106:Delta
88:Gamma
52:Alpha
1457:iota
1442:iota
1266:φησὶ
1206:-μω-
1146:-εῖ-
1020:hex
841:hex
719:for
690:for
612:-στ-
602:-ου-
586:-ou-
457:(90)
329:Tsan
298:Heta
196:Iota
142:Zeta
70:Beta
1246:οὖν
1226:-ος
1186:καὶ
1036:547
1030:546
1017:dec
1014:hex
1011:dec
1008:hex
1005:dec
1002:hex
869:987
863:986
857:983
851:975
838:dec
835:hex
832:dec
829:hex
826:dec
823:hex
699:καὶ
693:καὶ
623:καὶ
614:in
604:in
582:kai
578:-os
449:(6)
308:San
240:Psi
222:Chi
204:Phi
168:Tau
160:Eta
146:Σσς
132:Rho
1658::
1606:^
1561:;
1459::
1444::
722:στ
463:ϡ
455:ϟ
447:ϛ
414:σ̌
254:Ωω
250:Mu
246:Μμ
236:Ψψ
228:Λλ
218:Χχ
210:Κκ
200:Φφ
192:Ιι
182:Υυ
174:Θθ
164:Ττ
156:Ηη
138:Ζζ
128:Ρρ
120:Εε
114:Pi
110:Ππ
102:Δδ
92:Οο
84:Γγ
78:Xi
74:Ξξ
66:Ββ
60:Nu
56:Νν
48:Αα
1600:.
1578:.
1559:.
1462:ᾳ
1447:ᾼ
758:Ϗ
752:ϗ
716:ϛ
684:u
680:o
559:e
552:t
545:v
433:ϛ
428:ϗ
409:ᾳ
404:ϊ
399:ᾰ
394:ᾱ
389:ἁ
384:ἀ
379:ᾶ
374:ὰ
369:ά
341:Ͳ
322:Ͷ
312:Ϙ
304:Ϻ
294:Ͱ
286:Ϝ
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