44:
79:
66:
848:
436:
875:
544:
863:
470:
445:
is a pungent, aromatic, herbaceous, perennial plant, growing to about 2–4 m (6 ft 7 in – 13 ft 1 in) in height. The leaves are alternate in two ranks, linear-lanceolate, 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long, with a long pointed tip. The flowers are white to lilac or pale
586:
Recently, a few planters isolated high-yielding plants and started multiplying them on a large scale. The most popular high-yielding variety is 'Njallani', which is a unique high-yielding cardamom variety developed by an Indian farmer, Sebastian Joseph, at
574:
which grow vertically upwards. The Mysore variety has declined, however, in the past few decades owing to the emergence of the more resistant and better-yielding 'Green Gold' variety, and which is the most common form of cardamom harvested in
735:
595:, Kerala, has developed a purely white-flowered variety of Vazhuka type green cardamom having higher yield than 'Njallani'. The variety has high adaptability to different shade conditions and can also be grown in waterlogged areas.
446:
violet, produced in a loose spike 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long. The fruit is a three-sided yellow-green pod 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) long, containing several (15-20) black and brown seeds.
701:
1359:
1100:
1139:
1320:
1035:
43:
1372:
1333:
1113:
1061:
1191:
662:
Nelson
Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
879:
1446:
1451:
1441:
494:
In addition to its native range, it is grown in Nepal, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and
Central America. In India, the
1436:
1048:
1346:
1087:
495:
1131:
867:
684:
1377:
1118:
822:
1217:
957:
644:
Larsen, K. (1996). A preliminary checklist of the
Zingiberaceae of Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 24: 35-49.
1385:
1204:
1144:
78:
415:
that has a sharp, strong, punchy aroma. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in
1126:
1390:
938:
653:
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au
Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
1209:
790:
462:, either whole or ground. It is the most widely cultivated species of cardamom; for other types and uses, see
808:
1312:
1027:
1307:
1022:
900:
962:
1426:
1066:
736:"Developing Herbal Pharmaceutics in Pakistan – II: Distinctiveness of Selected Medicinal Herbs and Uses"
195:
1338:
996:
216:
611:
Elettaria cardamomum - Köhler–s
Medizinal-Pflanzen - Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
672:
1196:
1243:
506:
are the main producers of cardamom; they rank highest both in cultivated area and in production.
224:
73:
988:
1364:
1105:
1294:
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970:
885:
680:
832:, India: National Innovation Foundation, Department of Science and Technology, archived from
1170:
396:
65:
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1152:
592:
531:
400:
116:
481:
medicine as early as the 4th century BC. Ground cardamom is an ingredient in many Indian
847:
624:
1183:
1178:
455:
103:
578:
Vazhuka is a naturally occurring hybrid between
Malabar and Mysore varieties, and the
1420:
459:
404:
212:
162:
129:
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The green seed pods of the plant are dried and the seeds inside the pod are used in
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152:
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1222:
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487:
142:
874:
588:
515:
424:
416:
411:. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called
17:
1009:
830:
Fourth
National Technological Innovations & Traditional Knowledge Awards
567:
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420:
172:
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917:
478:
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Malabar (Nadan/native), as the name suggests, is the native variety of
1079:
469:
772:
571:
556:
503:
499:
1351:
894:
700:
Johnson, Arielle J.; Heymann, Hildegarde; Ebeler, Susan E. (2015).
1092:
1014:
846:
542:
482:
468:
434:
408:
90:
491:. In Iran and India, cardamom is used to flavour coffee and tea.
1001:
898:
563:(which bear the pods) that grow horizontally along the ground.
779:, Idukki, Kerala, India: Department of Science and Technology
743:
Managing
Natural Resources for Sustaining Future Agriculture
551:
The three natural varieties of green cardamom plants are:
582:
grow neither vertically nor horizontally, but in between.
514:
The primary volatile components are terpinyl acetate and
566:
Mysore, as the name suggests, is a native variety of
702:"Volatile and sensory profiling of cocktail bitters"
1259:
907:
591:in the South Indian state of Kerala. K. J. Baby of
529:is used as a food plant by the larvae of the moth
809:"Cardamom: Scientists, Njallani developers fight"
675:(2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.).
625:"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"
485:and is a primary contributor to the flavour of
8:
895:
64:
42:
31:
760:Unsung Hero: Tale of an ingenious farmer
619:
617:
734:Shaista Kokab and Shahid Ahmad (2011).
604:
791:"Poor rainfall may hit cardamom crop"
301:Baill., illegitimate superfluous name
7:
477:True cardamom may have been used in
245:Sonn., illegitimate superfluous name
293:Oken, illegitimate superfluous name
285:(L.) Stephenson & J.M.Churchill
253:Lam., illegitimate superfluous name
1391:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60478993-2
811:. CommodityOnline. 8 January 2008.
25:
886:University of Melbourne: Sorting
823:"White Flowered Cardamom Variety"
773:"New cardamom variety – Njallani"
1210:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:796556-1
873:
861:
77:
777:National Innovation Foundation
762:, www.rediff.com, 30 May 2007.
677:The Cultural History of Plants
473:Cardamom pods as used as spice
1:
373:Burkill, without description
1447:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
570:. These plants have floral
559:. These plants have floral
313:Watt, not validly published
1468:
679:. Routledge. p. 158.
27:Species of flowering plant
230:
223:
201:
194:
74:Scientific classification
72:
63:
50:
41:
34:
1452:Medicinal plants of Asia
1442:Plants described in 1753
1437:Flora of India (region)
795:The Hindu Business Line
321:Garsault, rejected name
852:
548:
474:
439:
350:Cardamomum malabaricum
850:
546:
472:
438:
407:, native to southern
266:Cardamomum officinale
939:Elettaria cardamomum
909:Elettaria cardamomum
880:Elettaria cardamomum
870:at Wikimedia Commons
868:Elettaria cardamomum
673:Pickersgill, Barbara
443:Elettaria cardamomum
387:, commonly known as
384:Elettaria cardamomum
366:Elettaria cardamomum
306:Elettaria cardamomum
205:Elettaria cardamomum
55:Elettaria cardamomum
318:Cardamomum elletari
274:Zingiber cardamomum
853:
549:
475:
440:
282:Matonia cardamomum
258:Alpinia cardamomum
187:E. cardamomum
59:1896 illustration
1414:
1413:
1261:Amomum cardamomum
1166:Open Tree of Life
901:Taxon identifiers
866:Media related to
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278:
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234:Amomum cardamomum
16:(Redirected from
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878:Data related to
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361:(Gaertn.) Kuntze
360:
358:Cardamomum minus
352:
344:
342:Amomum uncinatum
336:
328:
320:
312:
300:
298:Elettaria repens
292:
290:Cardamomum verum
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
250:Amomum racemosum
244:
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207:
82:
81:
68:
46:
32:
21:
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1153:Observation.org
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851:Cardamom Flower
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593:Idukki District
541:
532:Endoclita hosei
524:
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401:perennial plant
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58:
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28:
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12:
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5:
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1249:wfo-0000406508
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1123:
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911:
905:
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893:
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883:
882:at Wikispecies
871:
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856:External links
854:
843:
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814:
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797:. 6 July 2007.
782:
764:
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726:
709:Food Chemistry
692:
685:
664:
655:
646:
637:
627:. Apps.kew.org
613:
603:
602:
600:
597:
584:
583:
576:
564:
547:Cardamom plant
540:
537:
523:
520:
511:
508:
460:Asian cuisines
451:
448:
432:
429:
389:green cardamom
378:
377:
376:
375:
363:
355:
347:
339:
331:
326:Zingiber minus
323:
315:
303:
295:
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94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
70:
69:
61:
60:
48:
47:
39:
38:
37:True cardamom
35:Green cardamom
26:
24:
18:Green cardamom
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1464:
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849:
839:on 2013-05-17
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569:
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562:
558:
554:
553:
552:
545:
538:
536:
534:
533:
528:
527:E. cardamomum
521:
519:
517:
509:
507:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
489:
484:
480:
471:
467:
465:
461:
457:
449:
447:
444:
437:
430:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:ginger family
402:
398:
394:
393:true cardamom
390:
386:
385:
371:
367:
364:
359:
356:
351:
348:
343:
340:
335:
332:
327:
324:
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299:
296:
291:
288:
283:
280:
275:
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267:
264:
259:
256:
251:
248:
243:
242:Amomum repens
240:
235:
232:
231:
229:
226:
222:
218:
214:
208:
206:
200:
197:
196:Binomial name
193:
189:
188:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:Zingiberaceae
161:
158:
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138:
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104:Tracheophytes
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99:
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80:
75:
71:
67:
62:
56:
51:True cardamom
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1427:Alpinioideae
1260:
908:
887:
834:the original
829:
817:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
755:
746:
742:
729:
717:. Retrieved
712:
708:
695:
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649:
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629:. Retrieved
607:
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493:
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476:
453:
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392:
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334:Amomum ensal
333:
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297:
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273:
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257:
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233:
204:
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186:
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173:
153:Zingiberales
136:
123:
110:
97:
54:
29:
1075:iNaturalist
933:Wikispecies
719:19 December
488:masala chai
277:(L.) Stokes
143:Commelinids
117:Angiosperms
1421:Categories
1352:60478993-2
1184:kew-243056
1179:Plant List
686:0415927463
631:2018-05-29
599:References
589:Kattappana
516:eucalyptol
458:and other
425:Costa Rica
397:herbaceous
261:(L.) Roxb.
1313:242412172
1276:Q21870176
1028:220004645
888:Elettaria
715:: 343–354
568:Karnataka
539:Varieties
421:Indochina
370:minuscula
181:Species:
174:Elettaria
87:Kingdom:
1404:50272190
1399:Tropicos
1365:10501691
1270:Wikidata
1236:34500572
1231:Tropicos
1106:11334472
1093:796556-1
918:Wikidata
580:panicles
479:Ayurveda
464:cardamom
413:cardamom
337:Raeusch.
225:Synonyms
159:Family:
130:Monocots
1326:5301780
1127:MoBotPF
1041:2759871
1002:1120064
984:Ecocrop
575:Kerala.
572:racemes
561:racemes
522:Ecology
510:Biology
483:curries
417:Réunion
403:in the
395:, is a
329:Gaertn.
269:Salisb.
169:Genus:
149:Order:
91:Plantae
1432:Spices
1378:508727
1284:APDB:
1197:ELCA19
1192:PLANTS
1171:792711
1158:374027
1145:105181
1132:287608
1119:506505
1080:119387
1067:300197
963:558026
947:APDB:
924:Q33466
683:
557:Kerala
504:Kerala
500:Sikkim
496:states
456:Indian
431:Growth
423:, and
353:Pritz.
345:Stokes
1360:IRMNG
1300:66DM3
1287:31650
1223:57401
1101:IRMNG
1015:ETACA
976:6F4H8
950:20255
890:names
837:(PDF)
826:(PDF)
749:(21).
739:(PDF)
705:(PDF)
409:India
368:var.
310:minor
308:var.
217:Maton
137:Clade
124:Clade
111:Clade
98:Clade
1386:POWO
1373:ITIS
1347:IPNI
1339:2914
1334:GRIN
1321:GBIF
1205:POWO
1140:NCBI
1114:ITIS
1088:IPNI
1062:GRIN
1054:1299
1049:GISD
1036:GBIF
1010:EPPO
958:BOLD
721:2023
681:ISBN
502:and
1308:FNA
1295:CoL
1244:WFO
1218:RHS
1023:FNA
997:EoL
989:984
971:CoL
713:179
498:of
450:Use
391:or
1423::
1401::
1388::
1375::
1362::
1349::
1336::
1323::
1310::
1297::
1272::
1246::
1233::
1220::
1207::
1194::
1181::
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747:3
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211:(
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53:(
20:)
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