959:
1050:
1022:
998:
738:
974:
1034:
986:
1010:
175:
935:
301:
150:
109:
947:
868:
Individuals of non-migratory populations abandon their territories after breeding season to roam about the region. They may or may not return to the previous year's breeding location, depending on whether they found better habitat during these wanderings. In these populations, the breeding season is
860:
The northern population moves to its breeding ranges during March and April; near the northernmost limit of the green heron's range, breeding is well underway by the end of May. The migration to the winter quarters starts in
September; by late October, the birds are absent from regions where they do
922:
Green herons are one of the few species of bird known to use tools. In particular, they commonly use bread crusts, insects, or other items as bait. The bait is dropped onto the surface of a body of water to lure fish. When a fish takes the bait, the green heron then grabs and eats the fish.
560:
Subspecies distinction is uncertain at best. The color variation between populations is less pronounced than between birds of the same population. Migratory populations are longer-winged than those resident year-round, but this cannot be used to delimit subspecies as it is quite obviously a
472:
neck with a white line down the front, grey underparts and short yellow legs. The bill is dark with a long, sharp point. Female adults tend to be smaller than males, and have duller and lighter plumage, particularly in the breeding season. Juveniles are duller, with the head sides, neck and
467:
The green heron is relatively small; adult body length is about 44 cm (17 in). The neck is often pulled in tight against the body. Adults have a glossy, greenish-black cap, a greenish back and wings that are grey-black grading into green or blue, a
853:β when feeding and are not seen to forage in groups. They typically stand still on shore or in shallow water or perch upon branches and await prey. They are able to hover briefly to catch prey. Green herons have been observed using captured prey (e.g.
1653:
124:
879:. The pairs form in the breeding range, after an intense courtship display by the males, who select the nesting sites and fly in front of the female noisily and with puffed-up head and neck plumage. They nest in
749:
and foraging area of the green heron includes riparian zones, wetlands, ponds, and lakes, as well as human-made canals and ditches. Green herons do not exhibit a particular preference for
902:
is usually 2β6 pale green eggs, which are laid in 2-day intervals (though the second egg may be laid up to 6 days later than the first). After the last egg has been laid, both parents
891:
are preferred, with some nests built up to 20 m (66 ft) off the ground although heights of several meters are more common. Rarely, large numbers of these birds congregate in
557:, whose fossil remains were discovered in Florida, might have been the ancestor of the green heron as the living species seems to replace the extinct relative in the fossil record.
910:. The young sometimes start to leave the nest at 16 days of age, but are not fully fledged and able to fend for themselves until 30β35 days old. Sometimes β particularly in the
1049:
958:
1905:
2149:
1957:
857:) or other objects (bread, feathers) to "bait-fish" β using a lure on the water's surface to attract fish. This bait-fishing behavior is common among herons.
2089:
1385:
1033:
2001:
2124:
1856:
1918:
1610:
1319:
1021:
2129:
1138:
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patches, over water or in plants near water. Nests are a platform of sticks, often in shrubs or trees, sometimes on the ground. Locations in
2144:
1996:
757:
foraging, often engaging in both. Shore-living individuals adapt to the rhythm of the tides. They mainly eat small fish, frogs and aquatic
997:
713:
in this species to be described. To describe the two most extreme views, some authors assemble the bulk of the mainland population in the
1595:
973:
2104:
125:
1879:
1817:
1527:
1209:
1130:
2139:
2048:
612:
1488:
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290:
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1923:
1606:
1311:
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1124:
946:
2119:
1944:
1396:
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for about 19β21 days until hatching, and feed the young birds. The frequency of feedings decreases as the offspring near
1718:
737:
1345:"Green Herons (Butorides virescens) in an Urbanized Landscape: Does Recreational Disturbance Affect Foraging Behavior?"
1009:
2134:
1962:
1835:
1659:
174:
1458:
1848:
595:
1884:
2114:
2109:
1970:
1645:
709:
Much of the dispute hinges upon the distinctness of the
Caribbean and Central American populations, the second
1709:
1438:
Davis Jr., William E.; Zickefoose, Julie (1998). "Bait-fishing by Birds: A Fascinating
Example of Tool Use".
1600:
1975:
1755:
1671:
1073:
581:
572:
The following subspecies are commonly listed, though the validity of most of them is seriously disputed:
2035:
2022:
1640:
934:
269:
2053:
1804:
1747:
1729:
1420:
562:
876:
714:
566:
432:
139:
1936:
2094:
1506:
1364:
1109:
1105:
701:
to central and southern US east of the Rocky
Mountains. Winters from southernmost US to northern
436:
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334:
169:
2040:
2027:
1531:
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1910:
2009:
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1205:
1134:
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2014:
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469:
1760:
1552:
2099:
1983:
1492:
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903:
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649:
591:
379:
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in unrelated populations of this species that just share the same habits. Thus, thorough
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1843:
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862:
420:
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387:
226:
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2066:
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286:
159:
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59:
861:
not stay all year. At least the northward migration does not seem to be affected by
108:
762:
754:
721:
populations as distinct subspecies, while others place all resident populations in
478:
300:
1783:
1770:
1077:
865:; birds appear in their breeding ranges at the same time they did 100 years ago.
123:
1949:
1931:
1892:
1703:
1360:
1343:
Moore, Amanda A.; Green, M. Clay; Huffman, David G.; Simpson, Thomas R. (2016).
850:
790:
782:
778:
474:
412:
34:
2061:
1629:
873:
786:
766:
750:
718:
569:
studies would be required to resolve the question of subspecies delimitation.
79:
44:
1822:
1694:
774:
758:
671:
246:
186:
84:
1988:
1688:
1634:
1288:"Green Heron Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
911:
907:
846:
798:
206:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
1368:
1344:
1861:
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1204:(Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks): 417, plate 28. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
892:
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89:
64:
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794:
698:
667:
599:
456:
440:
196:
1897:
1665:
1796:
1635:
Bermuda Dept. of
Environment and Natural Resources green heron page
1553:"Green Heron Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
1791:
1410:
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888:
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736:
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448:
405:
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arrangement is preferred) are extremely rare vagrants to western
1630:
YouTube Video of a Green Heron drowning a frog before eating it!
806:
216:
1669:
1198:
del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.):
561:
consequence of differing habits and can be expected to undergo
477:, and greenish-yellow legs and bill. Hatchlings are covered in
842:
1271:
Dewey, T. & Butzbaugh, J. (2001): Animal
Diversity Web:
473:
underparts streaked brown and white, tan-splotched back and
914:
parts of its range β the green heron breeds twice a year.
602:. Some resident, most migrate to western Mexico in winter.
116:
Green heron have iridescent green feathers on their wings
869:
determined by rainfall and consequent prey availability.
849:. Green herons are intolerant of other birds β including
1459:"A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio"
1393:
The Online Guide to the
Animals of Trinidad and Tobago
542:
As noted above, this species was formerly included in
504:
to the female before landing again. While sitting, an
1155:"Rare green heron spotted in Llanmill, Pembrokeshire"
639:
Southern Baja
California Peninsula, Mexico. Resident.
455:
coast of North
America may similarly stray as far as
496:
call with wide-open bill, makes noisy wingbeats and
1678:
1194:Jutglar, Francesc (1992): 33. Green-backed Heron.
1662:at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
1433:
1431:
769:prey they can catch, including such animals like
447:in 2018 was only the second recorded sighting in
1592:β USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1380:
1378:
546:, which at that time was erroneously known as
8:
1338:
1336:
1126:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
484:The green heron's call is a loud and sudden
481:, light grey above, and white on the belly.
1666:
492:calls. During courtship, the male gives a
299:
148:
121:
107:
20:
488:; it also makes a series of more subdued
952:Subadult retaining some juvenile plumage
590:Breeds in the United States west of the
1611:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1320:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1065:
930:
1625:YouTube video of a green heron fishing
1885:green-backed-heron-butorides-striatus
1582:β Green heron at Animal Diversity Web
1267:
1265:
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1188:
1186:
1184:
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1178:
1176:
1129:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
500:calls in flight, and sometimes calls
7:
2150:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
1849:78d04452-dcde-421f-9253-daa59a0717c8
1484:Ohio Ornithological Society (2004):
2090:IUCN Red List least concern species
1416:"Butorides virescens (Green heron)"
1386:"Butorides virescens (Green Heron)"
1087:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
825:. Some of the many fish eaten are:
533:: 25.2β26.8 in (64β68 cm)
521:: 16.1β18.1 in (41β46 cm)
443:—for example, a sighting in
427:), and together they were called "
14:
1048:
1032:
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
972:
957:
945:
933:
741:"Green heron" by John J. Audubon
173:
2125:Birds of the Dominican Republic
1349:The American Midland Naturalist
1486:Annotated Ohio state checklist
1201:Handbook of Birds of the World
608:Butorides virescens bahamensis
508:courtship call is also given.
1:
1397:University of the West Indies
1055:Juvenile, Glastonbury, CT USA
680:Butorides virescens virescens
350:
2130:Birds of Trinidad and Tobago
1656:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1505:Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
1236:Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
645:Butorides virescens maculata
577:Butorides virescens anthonyi
2145:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1660:Green heron species account
1361:10.1674/0003-0031-176.2.222
630:Butorides virescens frazari
2168:
2105:Birds of the United States
1641:"Green-backed heron media"
1596:Green heron at eNature.com
725:and all migratory ones in
527:: 8.5 oz (240 g)
1654:Green heron photo gallery
1526:Seattle Audubon Society.
1123:Jobling, James A (2010).
697:Breeds from southeastern
596:Baja California Peninsula
340:
333:
307:
298:
275:
268:
170:Scientific classification
168:
146:
137:
132:
120:
115:
106:
23:
1646:Internet Bird Collection
1457:Henninger, W.F. (1906).
1277:. Retrieved 2008-FEB-12.
662:Southernmost US through
2140:Birds described in 1758
451:; individuals from the
411:It was long considered
1074:BirdLife International
742:
567:molecular phylogenetic
322: Year-round range
2036:Paleobiology Database
2023:Paleobiology Database
1607:"Butorides virescens"
1601:Field Guide on Flickr
1557:www.allaboutbirds.org
1292:www.allaboutbirds.org
845:and, in urban areas,
740:
328: Wintering range
2120:Birds of Puerto Rico
1844:Fauna Europaea (new)
1421:Animal Diversity Web
594:, south to northern
563:convergent evolution
400:, "resembling", and
316: Breeding range
2067:Butorides-virescens
1735:Butorides_virescens
1710:Butorides virescens
1680:Butorides virescens
1589:Butorides virescens
1580:Butorides virescens
1314:Butorides virescens
1274:Butorides virescens
1080:Butorides virescens
1015:Hunting in New York
761:, but may take any
715:nominate subspecies
433:nominate subspecies
367:Butorides virescens
346:Linnaeus, 1758
279:Butorides virescens
140:Conservation status
30:Pleistoceneβpresent
2135:Tool-using animals
1491:2004-07-18 at the
1108:}}: old-form url (
1043:with neck extended
743:
429:green-backed heron
2077:
2076:
2010:Open Tree of Life
1672:Taxon identifiers
1140:978-1-4081-2501-4
872:Green herons are
692:
653:
634:
616:
585:
552:Early Pleistocene
498:whoom-whoom-whoom
435:(no matter which
425:Butorides striata
358:
357:
261:B. virescens
163:
126:
2157:
2070:
2069:
2057:
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1530:. Archived from
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633:(Brewster, 1888)
632:
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579:
431:". Birds of the
408:for "greenish".
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27:Temporal range:
21:
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2110:Birds of Canada
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1984:Observation.org
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1161:. 30 April 2018
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966:B. v. virescens
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941:
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664:Central America
592:Rocky Mountains
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380:Central America
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1573:External links
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1355:(2): 222β233.
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1312:"ITIS Report:
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417:sister species
393:"bittern" and
388:Middle English
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1532:the original
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1027:in Guatemala
965:
964:Young adult
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851:conspecifics
791:grasshoppers
763:invertebrate
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512:Measurements
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310:B. virescens
309:
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247:
18:
2002:green-heron
1971:Neotropical
1932:NatureServe
1893:iNaturalist
1872:green-heron
1704:Wikispecies
1474:(2): 47β60.
1097:26 November
1039:Subspecies
783:damselflies
779:dragonflies
674:. Resident.
666:to central
654:β formerly
624:. Resident.
548:B. striatus
506:aaroo-aaroo
463:Description
413:conspecific
362:green heron
24:Green heron
2084:Categories
2062:Xeno-canto
1616:9 February
1562:2022-05-22
1538:2010-04-08
1512:2011-05-11
1297:2020-09-26
1243:2010-04-08
1061:References
877:monogamous
874:seasonally
775:earthworms
767:vertebrate
759:arthropods
719:parapatric
544:B. striata
2095:Butorides
1325:28 August
1106:cite iucn
940:Nestlings
893:heronries
787:waterbugs
755:nocturnal
727:virescens
672:Caribbean
656:maculatus
494:raah-rahh
437:taxonomic
415:with its
402:virescens
384:Butorides
308:Range of
255:Species:
248:Butorides
193:Kingdom:
187:Eukaryota
1937:2.102189
1911:11014792
1810:45511342
1761:22697182
1756:BirdLife
1689:Wikidata
1489:Archived
1369:44840286
1165:30 April
1159:BBC News
1076:(2012).
918:Tool use
912:tropical
908:fledging
904:incubate
855:mayflies
847:goldfish
819:tadpoles
809:, other
799:crayfish
723:maculata
685:Linnaeus
650:Boddaert
613:Brewster
538:Taxonomy
531:Wingspan
470:chestnut
386:is from
335:Synonyms
287:Linnaeus
237:Ardeidae
233:Family:
207:Chordata
203:Phylum:
197:Animalia
183:Domain:
160:IUCN 3.1
1862:9539567
1743:Avibase
1695:Q498228
1133:, 402.
927:Gallery
835:catfish
831:sunfish
827:minnows
815:lizards
811:rodents
795:spiders
771:leeches
751:diurnal
747:habitat
733:Ecology
652:, 1783)
622:Bahamas
615:, 1888)
584:, 1895)
502:roo-roo
453:Pacific
243:Genus:
223:Order:
213:Class:
158: (
96:↓
2100:Herons
2054:159112
2041:289539
2028:368315
2015:154822
1976:grnher
1963:110671
1924:174793
1869:GNAB:
1823:100720
1797:grnher
1771:grnher
1723:greher
1367:
1208:
1137:
900:clutch
881:forest
823:snakes
803:prawns
699:Canada
668:Panama
600:Mexico
582:Mearns
550:. The
525:Weight
519:Length
457:Hawaii
441:Europe
398:-oides
326:
320:
314:
2049:WoRMS
1989:19199
1906:IRMNG
1836:96642
1818:EUNIS
1792:eBird
1768:BOW:
1462:(PDF)
1389:(PDF)
1365:JSTOR
1003:Adult
991:Adult
889:trees
885:swamp
839:perch
711:taxon
449:Wales
406:Latin
391:butor
376:North
372:heron
133:Call
1997:ODNR
1958:NCBI
1919:ITIS
1898:5020
1857:GBIF
1784:NZ6M
1618:2006
1327:2014
1206:ISBN
1167:2018
1135:ISBN
1110:help
1099:2013
1092:2012
898:The
883:and
843:eels
821:and
807:mice
745:The
689:1758
486:kyow
419:the
378:and
360:The
351:text
349:See
291:1758
217:Aves
35:Preκ
1945:NBN
1880:IBC
1805:EoL
1779:CoL
1730:ADW
1719:ABA
1357:doi
1353:176
1196:In:
765:or
753:or
490:kuk
404:is
374:of
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