302:
392:(in front of in largetooth sawfish and roughly above in smalltooth sawfish) and it has a very small or no lower tail lobe (present in knifetooth and largetooth sawfish). It can be further separated from the two most similar species, the dwarf and smalltooth sawfish, by the considerably smaller maximum size of the former species, and the less greenish colour (when alive/recently dead) and essentially Atlantic distribution of the latter species. The smalltooth and longcomb sawfish might historically have come into contact in South Africa, but sawfish appear to have been
380:), the teeth towards the tip of the rostrum are clearly closer to each other than those at its base (unlike the dwarf, smalltooth and largetooth sawfish where either equally spaced or only marginally closer to each other towards the tip of the rostrum), a relatively narrow rostrum, width equalling 9–17% of its length (typically wider in dwarf and largetooth sawfish), a rostrum that is 23–33% of the total length of the fish (20–25% in dwarf sawfish), relatively short
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gas extraction. These developments introduce structures like lighted jetties, dredged shipping channels, and offloading structures, potentially hindering the movement of juvenile longcomb sawfish along the coastline. The increased prevalence of these structures may lead to population fragmentation or the destruction of vital juvenile habitats for the species.
506:
589:
and lines are utilized, with the distinctive toothed rostra of sawfish making them particularly vulnerable to entanglement, especially in gillnets and trawls. Over recent decades, fishing effort has escalated across the species' range, driven by escalating demand and exploitation in the fin and meat trade.
588:
The longcomb sawfish faces significant threats attributed to intense and poorly managed fishing pressure throughout its range. This pressure arises from both commercial and small-scale fisheries, including artisanal, cultural, and subsistence practices. Various fishing gears such as gillnets, trawls,
596:
Critical habitats of the longcomb sawfish, including inshore freshwater, estuarine, mangrove, and coastal areas, are under threat due to habitat loss and degradation. The reduction of mangrove areas in
Southeast Asia, for instance, is estimated to be around 30% since 1980. The most affected habitats
533:
and the meat is eaten. Fishing is the main threat, but it is also threatened by habitat loss. Because of the potential threat they (or rather their "saw") represent to humans, they are sometimes killed before being brought onto the boat when accidentally caught. Because of the "saw", all sawfish are
489:
coast and in estuaries in the first part of their lives. Sexual maturity is reached at an age of about 9 years, and a length of 3.4–3.8 m (11–12 ft). The maximum age is unknown, but it might be in excess of 50 years, and an individual caught as a juvenile lived for 35 years at an aquarium.
600:
Historically, the northwest region of
Australia provided relatively undisturbed coastal habitats for the longcomb sawfish. Presently, various factors pose substantial threats to the species in Western Australia, including coastal developments such as mining, natural resource operations, and oil and
592:
The longcomb sawfish encounters high fishing pressure, resulting in poorly regulated and unmanaged exploitation. Bycatch in both commercial and small-scale fisheries, driven by escalating demand for fins and meat, poses a considerable threat. The species is frequently retained for these valuable
488:
and the young are 60–108 cm (24–43 in) long at birth. It is often said that there are about 12 young in each litter, but the basis for this number is unclear (in other sawfish species litter size ranges from 1 to 20). The females give birth in inshore areas, and the young stay near the
541:
from 2 and possibly extirpated from another 24, leaving only 11 countries where it certainly still survives. In terms of area this means that it certainly survives in only 62% of its historical range. The total population is believed to have declined by more than 80% over three generations. The
460:
habitats, even in very shallow waters, but can also occur far offshore to a depth of more than 70 m (230 ft). There are records from rivers far inland, but it is not frequent in freshwater. It is mainly found in places with a bottom consisting of sand, mud or silt.
597:
are those crucial for nearshore and estuarine nursery activities. Additionally, potential impacts on adult longcomb sawfish associated with offshore oil and gas extraction, including activities like seismic surveys, further compound habitat threats in various regions.
613:
477:. It thrashes its rostrum from side-to-side to dislodge prey from the seabed and to stun groups of fish. All sawfish are harmless to humans, except when captured where they can cause serious injuries when defending themselves with their "saw".
448:
on the eastern coast. Today it has disappeared from much of its historical range. It can live in colder waters than its relatives, as also evidenced by the range in
Australia where it occurs further south than the other species of sawfish.
593:
parts, contributing to population decline. In some regions, measures such as the release of sawfishes by fishers may still lead to significant at-vessel and post-capture mortality, further impacting population viability.
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336:
The longcomb sawfish is possibly the largest species of sawfish, reaching a total length of up to 7.3 m (24 ft), but rarely more than 6 m (20 ft) today. Its upperparts are greenish-brown to
705:
Harry, A.V.; Everett, B.; Faria, V.; Fordham, S.; Grant, M.I.; Haque, A.B.; Ho, H.; Jabado, R.W.; Jones, G.C.A.; Lear, K.O.; Morgan, D.L.; Philips, N.M.; Spaet, J.L.Y.; Tanna, A.; Wueringer, B.E. (2022).
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listing 13 individuals (7 males, 6 females) in North
America in 2014, 6 individuals (3 males, 3 females) in Europe in 2013, and 2 individuals in Japan in 2017.
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1403:
881:
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A combination of characters are necessary to distinguish it from the other sawfish species: the longcomb sawfish has teeth to near the base of the
1442:
1004:
Wueringer, B.E.; L. Squire Jr. & S.P. Collin (2009). "The biology of extinct and extant sawfish (Batoidea: Sclerorhynchidae and
Pristidae)".
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1178:
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424:. Historically its distribution covered almost 5,900,000 km (2,300,000 sq mi) and it ranged from South Africa, north to the
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subpopulations in
Australia are among the few that remain viable, but even they have declined, and the species no longer occurs in
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Sawfish occasionally lose teeth during their life and these are not replaced. Correct tooth count refers to actual teeth and
522:
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1121:"Do sawfish Pristis spp. represent South Africa's first local extirpation of marine elasmobranchs in the modern era?"
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1473:
1214:
Phillips, N. & Wueringer, B. (Autumn 2015). "Sawfish. Ancient predators in need of modern conservation tools".
111:
1084:
918:
501:
The rostrum or "saw" of a longcomb sawfish (each red or black section on ruler is 10 cm or 3.9 in)
1255:
1333:
969:
Slaughter, Bob H.; Springer, Stewart (1968). "Replacement of
Rostral Teeth in Sawfishes and Sawsharks".
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White, S. & K. Duke (2017). Smith; Warmolts; Thoney; Hueter; Murray & Ezcurra (eds.).
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835:
562:, but enforcement of fishing regulations are often lacking. All sawfish species are listed on
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Longcomb sawfish have few natural enemies, but can fall prey to large sharks and crocodiles.
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Historically the longcomb sawfish has been recorded in 37 countries, but it has been
529:) and saw (as novelty items) are highly valuable, while some parts are used in Asian
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Dulvy; Davidson; Kyne; Simpfendorfer; Harrison; Carlson & Fordham (2014).
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321:; bottom). Notice especially the teeth on the saw, the shape of the tail and
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1085:"Ghosts of the coast: global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes"
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384:(unlike the knifetooth and largetooth sawfish), a leading edge of the
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1173:. Special Publication of the Ohio Biological Survey. pp. 75–85.
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The longcomb sawfish has declined drastically and is listed by the
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878:"Pristis zijsron — Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout Sawfish"
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948:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 44–45.
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Everett; Cliff; Dudley; Wintner & van der Elst (2015).
826:; White; de Carvalho; Séret; Stehmann & Naylor (2016).
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particularly prone to becoming entangled in fishing nets.
356:), 23–37 teeth on each side of the rostrum (18–24 in the
452:
The longcomb sawfish is mainly found in coastal marine,
946:
Marine Fishes of
Tropical Australia and South East Asia
444:, along the northern part of the country, and south to
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that is located clearly behind the leading edge of the
289:. It has declined drastically and is now considered a
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558:, South Africa (where already extirpated) and the
546:. It receives a level of protection in Australia,
509:A large Longcomb sawfish kept in a public aquarium
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416:The longcomb sawfish is native to tropical and
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731:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T39393A58304631.en
1241:Shark-references.com: Species Description of
305:Comparison of the longcomb sawfish (middle),
8:
1218:. Vol. 52, no. 1. pp. 14–17.
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1588:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
440:to Australia. In Australia, it ranged from
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882:Department of the Environment and Energy
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1648:Critically endangered fauna of Oceania
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876:Department of the Environment (2017).
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1638:Critically endangered fauna of Africa
1092:Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst
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1658:Critically endangered fauna of China
469:The longcomb sawfish feeds on fish,
341:, while the underparts are whitish.
1643:Critically endangered fauna of Asia
925:. Florida Museum of Natural History
717:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
649:("tooth sockets") from lost teeth.
420:waters in the western and central
408:A pair of longcomb sawfish at the
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1125:African Journal of Marine Science
1049:"Pristis zijsron (Bleeker, 1851)"
611:
110:
1051:. Sawfish Conservation Society
1047:Whitty, J. & N. Phillips.
554:, India, Indonesia, Malaysia,
523:Red List of Threatened Species
1:
1145:10.2989/1814232X.2015.1027269
27:Species of cartilaginous fish
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1633:Critically endangered fish
572:Small numbers are kept in
325:, and the position of the
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107:Scientific classification
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1623:Fish of Papua New Guinea
793:. November 2017 version.
779:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
400:Distribution and habitat
281:, found in tropical and
1006:Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
480:Little is known of its
465:Behavior and life cycle
1653:Fish described in 1851
1618:Fish of Southeast Asia
1171:Husbandry of sawfishes
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354:Anoxypristis cuspidata
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319:Anoxypristis cuspidata
1603:Marine fish of Africa
724:: e.T39393A58304631.
519:Critically Endangered
508:
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348:or "saw" (unlike the
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291:critically endangered
75:Critically Endangered
753:"Appendices | CITES"
560:United Arab Emirates
531:traditional medicine
1608:Marine fish of Asia
1598:Fish of the Red Sea
1137:2015AfJMS..37..275E
1018:2009RFBF...19..445W
396:from this country.
258:narrowsnout sawfish
60:Conservation status
1628:Ovoviviparous fish
1613:Fish of South Asia
1245:(Longcomb sawfish)
1216:Wildlife Australia
944:Allen, G. (1999).
834:. pp. 59–66.
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374:largetooth sawfish
366:smalltooth sawfish
350:knifetooth sawfish
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315:knifetooth sawfish
307:largetooth sawfish
270:) is a species of
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1521:Open Tree of Life
1256:Taxon identifiers
1180:978-0-86727-166-9
828:Rays of the World
410:Aquarium of Genoa
287:Indo-West Pacific
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184:Rhinopristiformes
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35:Longcomb sawfish
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564:CITES Appendix I
525:. The fins (for
329:compared to the
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917:Seitz, J.C.
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422:Indo-Pacific
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170:Superorder:
29:
1417:iNaturalist
1288:Wikispecies
1197:|work=
1055:17 November
929:14 November
923:Ichthyology
887:14 November
471:crustaceans
418:subtropical
390:pelvic fins
364:, 20–32 in
331:pelvic fins
313:; top) and
297:Description
283:subtropical
1582:Categories
762:2022-01-14
657:References
552:Bangladesh
539:extirpated
482:life cycle
446:Jervis Bay
436:, through
394:extirpated
386:dorsal fin
378:P. pristis
362:P. clavata
327:dorsal fin
311:P. pristis
160:Subclass:
93:Appendix I
1224:0043-5481
1199:ignored (
1189:cite book
757:cites.org
578:studbooks
521:" in its
458:estuarine
442:Shark Bay
293:species.
279:Pristidae
212:Species:
194:Pristidae
130:Kingdom:
124:Eukaryota
1534:Species+
1435:10839202
1391:FishBase
1273:Wikidata
1153:83912626
790:FishBase
605:See also
475:molluscs
454:mangrove
190:Family:
174:Batoidea
144:Chordata
140:Phylum:
134:Animalia
120:Domain:
80:IUCN 3.1
1593:Pristis
1409:5216288
1279:Q135918
1133:Bibcode
1034:3352391
1014:Bibcode
991:1442018
647:alveoli
584:Threats
576:, with
548:Bahrain
426:Red Sea
412:, Italy
346:rostrum
274:in the
272:sawfish
243:Bleeker
205:Pristis
200:Genus:
180:Order:
150:Class:
95: (
78: (
1565:217375
1526:703739
1513:217375
1500:598330
1474:495877
1448:564305
1422:110382
1383:125419
1367:ECOS:
1316:ARKive
1222:
1177:
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971:Copeia
952:
838:
737:20 May
276:family
245:, 1851
1560:WoRMS
1552:68442
1547:SPRAT
1461:39393
1430:IRMNG
1378:EUNIS
1347:4MK37
1334:86843
1149:S2CID
1088:(PDF)
1030:S2CID
987:JSTOR
832:CSIRO
633:Notes
556:Qatar
339:olive
97:CITES
91:CITES
1539:6250
1508:OBIS
1482:NOAA
1469:NCBI
1456:IUCN
1443:ITIS
1404:GBIF
1396:7956
1370:9967
1329:BOLD
1220:ISSN
1201:help
1175:ISBN
1057:2017
975:1968
950:ISBN
931:2017
889:2017
836:ISBN
824:Last
739:2023
722:2022
517:as "
515:IUCN
473:and
456:and
428:and
252:The
1355:CMS
1342:CoL
1303:AFD
1141:doi
1100:doi
1022:doi
979:doi
726:doi
260:or
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