464:. This species is a plain light green above, becoming lighter towards the edge of the disc, and off-white below, becoming purplish or pinkish towards the lateral margins of the disc; the ventral, lateral disc margins may also have a dark brown edge or blotches. The caudal fin is colored dark brown in juveniles and olive in adults. Some individuals are dark beneath the tail and/or on the tip of the snout. The maximum recorded length is 51 cm (20 in).
31:
75:
50:
440:
with rounded posterior margins. There is a skirt-shaped curtain of skin between the nostrils, with a finely fringed posterior margin; the posterior corners of the nasal curtain are extended into small lobes. The medium-sized mouth contains 4–7 variably shaped papillae (nipple-like structures)
435:
The greenback stingaree has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc wider than long, with broadly rounded outer corners. The leading margins of the disc are nearly straight, and converge at an obtuse angle on the fleshy snout. The tip of the snout protrudes slightly past the disc. The eyes are large and
543:
East Coast Trawl
Fishery also operate within the geographical and depth range of this species. Because of its deepwater habits, the greenback stingaree is unlikely to survive capture, and the process also often causes it to abort any gestating young. Though specific data is lacking, between
544:
1976–77 and 1996–97, stingaree numbers on New South Wales upper slope fell by some two-thirds. Given these declines and the continuing intensity of fishing activities within its range, the
621:
McCulloch, A.R. (October 31, 1916). "Report on some fishes obtained by the F.I.S. "Endeavour" on the coasts of
Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South and South-Western Australia".
372:. An undescribed stingaree possibly belonging to this species has also been found in deep water off southwestern Australia; it is very similar to the greenback stingaree but has more
260:
disc wider than long and uniformly light green in color above. Between its nostrils is a skirt-shaped curtain of skin. Its tail bears skin folds on either side and a deep, lanceolate
1053:
878:
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The tail is flattened at the base and measures 75–91% as long as the disc; a prominent skin fold runs along each side, and a deep, lance-shaped
552:. It would potentially benefit from the implementation of the 2004 Australian National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks.
852:
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on the floor; additional papillae are found in a narrow strip on the lower jaw. The teeth are small with roughly oval bases, and the five pairs of
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are sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk"). Females bear litters of 1–3 pups annually after a 10–12 month
1038:
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is found at the end. The upper surface of the tail bears a serrated stinging spine about halfway along its length; there is no
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sustained via histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother. Females produce 1–3 pups per year, following a
813:
361:
922:
427:. However, it has been reported from as shallow as 20 m (66 ft) and as deep as 300 m (980 ft).
335:
272:
205:
74:
508:
at approximately 28 cm (11 in) and 26–31 cm (10–12 in) long respectively; rays found around
535:
of the
Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery (SESSF), operating on the upper continental slope off
1000:
346:
766:
678:
Last, P.R.; L.J.V. Compagno (1999). "Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae". In
Carpenter, K.E.; V.H. Niem (eds.).
437:
804:
680:
FAO identification guide for fishery purposes: The living marine resources of the
Western Central Pacific
493:
288:
189:
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39:
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732:
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392:
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69:
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307:; captured rays rarely survive and also tend to abort their young. Stingaree populations on the
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upper slope, presumably including this species, have declined precipitously as a result of
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256:. Growing to a length of 51 cm (20 in), this species has a diamond-shaped
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798:
682:. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. pp. 1469–1476.
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Chisholm, L.A.; I.D. Whittington; J.A.T. Morgan & R.D. Adlard (2001). "The
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at a depth of 80–180 m (260–590 ft), the greenback stingaree is a
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166:
86:
728:
512:, Victoria apparently have a smaller maturation size than those elsewhere.
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657:(second ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 426–427.
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411:. Deeper-living than most other stingarees in the region, this
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at a depth of 80–180 m (260–590 ft) on the outer
539:. The New South Wales Oceanic Prawn Trawl Fishery and the
360:
was collected from a depth of 90 m (300 ft) off
707:
conundrum: do molecules reveal more than morphology?".
504:
lasting 10–12 months. Males and females attain
387:
Once common, the greenback stingaree occurs in warm-
331:
The greenback stingaree was described by
Australian
773:
648:
646:
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642:
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299:. Substantial numbers of greenback stingarees are
449:are small and rounded on their trailing margins.
575:Kyne, P.M.; Last, P.R.; Marshall, L.J. (2019).
600:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T60105A68650230.en
546:International Union for Conservation of Nature
317:International Union for Conservation of Nature
319:(IUCN) has listed the greenback stingaree as
8:
761:
48:
29:
20:
598:
1054:Taxa named by Allan Riverstone McCulloch
528:) are the most common stingarees in the
472:The greenback stingaree preys mainly on
560:
623:Biological Results Endeavour. Part IV
7:
1001:ECCD92CD-A441-41BF-8DB8-47284563FAB6
975:172E6D38-26EB-0A48-A520-AA48EEBD40B1
586:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
415:species is mainly found over fine
379:(106–107 versus under 100).
14:
653:Last, P.R.; J.D. Stevens (2009).
1024:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
548:(IUCN) has assessed this ray as
520:The greenback stingaree and the
73:
492:. Like other stingrays, it is
1:
1049:Vulnerable fauna of Australia
368:, by the research vessel FIS
16:Species of cartilaginous fish
655:Sharks and Rays of Australia
343:Biological Results Endeavour
753:Fishes of Australia :
1075:
460:. The skin entirely lacks
336:Allan Riverstone McCulloch
436:followed by comma-shaped
195:
188:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1039:Fish of Victoria (state)
1034:Fauna of New South Wales
383:Distribution and habitat
338:in a 1916 volume of the
271:Usually found over soft
1044:Marine fish of Tasmania
721:10.1023/a:1010629022955
709:Systematic Parasitology
1059:Fish described in 1916
356:word for "green". The
593:: e.T60105A68650230.
494:aplacental viviparous
289:aplacental viviparous
496:with the developing
480:. It is known to be
315:. Consequently, the
225:) is a little-known
24:Greenback stingaree
522:sandyback stingaree
468:Biology and ecology
407:, including all of
301:caught incidentally
217:greenback stingaree
40:Conservation status
516:Human interactions
345:, who gave it the
340:scientific journal
313:commercial fishing
291:, with developing
1011:
1010:
957:Open Tree of Life
819:Urolophus_viridis
805:Urolophus viridis
775:Urolophus viridis
767:Taxon identifiers
755:Urolophus viridis
664:978-0-674-03411-2
579:Urolophus viridis
425:continental slope
421:continental shelf
401:Stradbroke Island
252:off southeastern
250:continental slope
246:continental shelf
222:Urolophus viridis
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199:Urolophus viridis
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502:gestation period
484:by a species of
474:polychaete worms
462:dermal denticles
347:specific epithet
297:gestation period
281:polychaete worms
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537:New South Wales
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506:sexual maturity
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445:are short. The
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366:New South Wales
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309:New South Wales
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181:U. viridis
147:Myliobatiformes
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747:External links
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526:U. bucculentus
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244:to the outer
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190:Binomial name
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715:(2): 81–87.
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604:. Retrieved
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391:waters from
386:
374:pectoral fin
369:
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258:pectoral fin
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133:Superorder:
18:
866:iNaturalist
799:Wikispecies
606:18 November
482:parasitized
478:crustaceans
447:pelvic fins
431:Description
285:crustaceans
238:Urolophidae
157:Urolophidae
1018:Categories
705:Calicotyle
556:References
550:Vulnerable
541:Queensland
490:Calicotyle
486:monogenean
458:dorsal fin
454:caudal fin
443:gill slits
423:and upper
405:Queensland
362:Green Cape
321:Vulnerable
273:substrates
266:dorsal fin
262:caudal fin
248:and upper
123:Subclass:
55:Vulnerable
1029:Urolophus
438:spiracles
389:temperate
370:Endeavour
352:from the
254:Australia
206:McCulloch
175:Species:
168:Urolophus
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
884:10152910
840:FishBase
790:Q3284665
784:Wikidata
737:13499358
729:11389337
417:sediment
409:Tasmania
397:Victoria
393:Portland
327:Taxonomy
287:. It is
277:predator
231:stingray
153:Family:
137:Batoidea
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
996:ZooBank
858:2419384
533:bycatch
498:embryos
413:benthic
350:viridis
293:embryos
242:endemic
233:in the
227:species
163:Genus:
143:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
988:283111
962:701854
949:283111
936:907357
923:443771
897:564655
871:114806
735:
727:
686:
661:
305:trawls
235:family
208:, 1916
983:WoRMS
970:Plazi
910:60105
879:IRMNG
845:15443
832:7DW8M
733:S2CID
530:trawl
354:Latin
944:OBIS
918:NCBI
905:IUCN
892:ITIS
853:GBIF
725:PMID
684:ISBN
659:ISBN
608:2021
591:2019
476:and
403:off
377:rays
283:and
215:The
827:CoL
814:AFD
717:doi
595:doi
399:to
395:in
364:in
303:in
279:of
229:of
1020::
998::
985::
972::
959::
946::
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907::
894::
881::
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842::
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786::
731:.
723:.
713:49
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635:^
625:.
589:.
583:.
563:^
323:.
268:.
240:,
739:.
719::
692:.
667:.
627:4
610:.
597::
581:"
577:"
524:(
219:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
