298:, traditional Salish enemies, they broke the trust of the Salish people. Mengarini instructed one Salish man to give back items taken from an enemy Blackfeet in battle. Another time, he invited Blackfeet to a feast at St. Mary's Mission. By offering friendship to the Blackfeet, the priests inadvertently destroyed the trust the Salish tribe placed in them, causing tensions to rise and undermine their efforts. The missionary work progressed until 1849, when raids by the Blackfeet and the defection and relapse of a large part of the Flathead tribe under a rival claimant for the chieftainship forced the mission to close.
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afternoon "catechism bees," public contests in which children took turns asking and answering questions. The winner received arrows as a prize. Having studied homeopathic medicine, Mengarini also treated illnesses that plagued the Salish. He believed that the Salish would continue to practice their traditional medicine, which he considered idolatrous, "if they are not convinced that the missionaries are much more practitioners of medicine than they."
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The missionaries worked at cutting the frozen earth with axes. The church and house were of logs plastered between with clay, and were thatched with weeds, the rooms being partitioned with curtains of deerskin and thin scraped deerskin being used in lieu of glass for the windows. The winter cold was
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grammar that is still the standard for the cognate dialects. He wrote it in Latin and designed it for use by future generations of missionaries. He taught the children to sing in Salish hymns of his own composition, and even trained an Indian band for service on feast days. He organized Sunday
285:
The missionaries began the study of the language, translating into it simple prayers and hymns. Mengarini's method for learning the language consisted of immersing himself in it as fully as possible. He even joined the tribe on a summer buffalo hunt. Mengarini composed a
355:– published by the Cromoisy Press (New York, 1861) from the third manuscript copy, the first two, laboriously written out by him, having been lost. Originally intended solely for the use of the
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to ask for his return. They were told this was impossible as he was assigned to another station, but on their urgent desire, the
Flathead mission was re-established at
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in 1851. Mengarini was stationed at Santa Clara for the rest of his life, acting for thirty years as treasurer or vice-president, until a stroke of
433:"Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Oregon Province Archives of the Society of Jesus Indian Language Collection: The Pacific Northwest Tribes"
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so intense that the buffalo skin robes in which they wrapped themselves at night were frozen stiff and had to be thawed out each morning.
321:, for Jesuit workers, he was sent to Santa Clara to help establish the Californian mission that was the nucleus of the present college.
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in 1828, and later served as instructor in grammar, for which his philological bent particularly fitted him, at Rome,
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waiting to conduct them to their final destination. It was nearly a month later when they arrived at what is now
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Specht, Huett, and
Classens, and nine other companions, began the long journey by river and overland trail to
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246:, partly on account of his voice and knowledge of music – valued in Indian mission work. On 24 April 1841,
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394:, volume III of the same series, published in the same year. He contributed some linguistic notes in the
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204:, was read out in the refectory, during the meal, and Mengarini felt moved to volunteer for the work.
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628:"Worlds in Collision: Jesuit Missionaries and Salish Indians on the Columbia Plateau, 1841-1850"
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and linguist. He worked as a pioneer missionary in the northwest of the United States to the
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He also furnished vocabularies of the cognate
Salishan languages – of Shw oyelpi (
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463:"Jesuit Missionary Linguistics in the Pacific Northwest: A Comparative Study"
590:"The Art of Conversion: Jesuits and Flatheads in Nineteenth-Century Montana"
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Carriker, Eleanor; Carriker, Robert C.; Carroll, Clifford A.; Larsen, W. L.
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439:. Washington State University Center for Digital Scholarship and Curation
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Gregorio
Mengarini (1811–1886); North American Missionary and Linguist
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514:"A Cross in the Wilderness: St. Mary's Mission Celebrates 175 Years"
672: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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However, when
Mengarini and the other priests reached out to the
145:(21 July 1811 – 23 September 1886) was an Italian
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in March 1840, he sailed with
Cotling, another volunteer, from
552:"Overland with Optimism: The Jesuit Missionary Party of 1841"
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A third stroke of apoplexy ended his life in
September 1886.
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and failing sight caused his retirement from active duties.
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A Dictionary of the
Kalispel or Flat-head Indian Language
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A Dictionary of the
Kalispel or Flat-head Indian Language
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for 1888, was dictated a few months before his death.
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The Rocky
Mountains: Memoirs of Fr. Gregory Mengarini
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on 23 July, and after a nine weeks' voyage landed at
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Journal of the Anthropological Institute of New York
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Selish or Flathead Grammar: Grammatica linguæ Selicæ
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262:, then a trading post, where they arrived on the
807:Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States
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235:, where it was decided Cotling should remain.
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716:in Bur. Amer. Ethnology (Washington, 1893);
746:, vol.61 Fac. 122 (1992), p. 171-188.
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324:In the meantime the Flatheads had sent to
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384:Contributions to North American Ethnology
817:Italian expatriates in the United States
709:, V (new ed., Brussels and Paris, 1894);
223:the missionaries found their way to the
518:Montana The Magazine of Western History
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714:Bibliography of the Salishan Languages
347:Mengarini's principal contribution to
706:Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus
550:Buckley, Cornelius M. (Spring 1996).
7:
688:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
172:Born in Rome, he entered the Jesuit
797:Italian Roman Catholic missionaries
744:Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu
626:White, Elizabeth L. (Spring 1996).
305:, the superior of the northwestern
238:Mengarini was chosen to help found
678:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
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266:(15 August) and found a party of
697:XVI (Woodstock, Maryland, 1887);
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461:McKevitt, Gerald (August 1990).
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301:Mengarini was summoned to join
588:McKevitt, Gerald (Fall 1994).
512:Baumler, Ellen (Spring 2016).
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792:19th-century American Jesuits
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787:19th-century Italian Jesuits
467:Western Historical Quarterly
196:, voicing the appeal of the
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556:Oregon Historical Quarterly
437:Plateau People's Web Portal
319:Archbishop of San Francisco
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343:Contribution to philology
313:. In 1852, on request of
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231:, and a little later to
225:University of Georgetown
184:. While studying at the
822:Bartleson–Bidwell Party
594:U.S. Catholic Historian
264:feast of the Assumption
78:Santa Clara, California
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685:Catholic Encyclopedia
401:His personal memoir,
378:proper (Flathead) in
272:Stevensville, Montana
188:in 1839, a letter of
812:Missionary linguists
392:Tribes of California
359:, it was written in
315:Joseph Sadoc Alemany
229:District of Columbia
164:of their languages.
693:Obituary Notice in
405:, published in the
403:The Rocky Mountains
248:Pierre-Jean De Smet
194:Bishop of St. Louis
680:Gregario Mengarini
380:John Wesley Powell
240:St. Mary's Mission
202:missionary priests
25:Gregorio Mengarini
738:Gerald McKevitt:
726:(New York, 1864).
724:Catholic Missions
720:John Gilmary Shea
695:Woodstock Letters
690:The entry cites:
408:Woodstock Letters
276:Bitterroot Valley
250:, Mengarini, and
244:Bitterroot Salish
160:, and became the
143:Gregory Mengarini
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701:Sommervogel
662:Attribution
254:, with the
162:philologist
771:Categories
473:(3): 285.
415:References
242:among the
154:missionary
120:March 1840
52:1811-07-21
349:philology
296:Blackfeet
274:, in the
268:Flatheads
233:St. Louis
221:Baltimore
207:Ordained
198:Flatheads
174:novitiate
93:Education
712:Piling,
644:20614701
606:25154043
568:20614700
530:26322905
368:Colville
334:apoplexy
139:Gregorio
125:Writings
117:Ordained
111:Catholic
676::
649:3 March
611:3 March
573:3 March
535:2 March
492:3 March
443:3 March
351:is his
219:. From
213:Livorno
40:1875-79
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487:969704
485:
376:Salish
374:) and
326:Oregon
317:, the
311:Oregon
288:Salish
209:priest
178:Modena
150:priest
147:Jesuit
107:Church
742:, in
640:JSTOR
602:JSTOR
564:JSTOR
526:JSTOR
483:JSTOR
361:Latin
309:, in
651:2021
613:2021
575:2021
537:2021
494:2021
445:2021
200:for
180:and
168:Life
152:and
67:Died
60:Rome
46:Born
682:".
475:doi
390:'s
382:'s
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