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the Salish habit of seasonal nomadic movement made it "impossible to do any solid and permanent good among these poor people..." He forwarded a plan proposing that the Salish "be assembled in villages—must be taught the art of agriculture, consequently must be supplied with implements, with cattle, with seed." He went back to France to recruit more workers, and returned to the
Pacific Northwest via Cape Horn, reaching the Columbia River on 31 July 1844 with five additional Jesuits and a group of
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He persuaded a band of NimĂipuu to reside at St. Mary's for a period of two months; all of the people had received baptism before they left. Near the end of his time with the Salish, De Smet sent out an appeal to the United States public for financial aid to bolster his missionary efforts. He thought
735:
Native
Americans had gained a slight knowledge of Christianity. At a time when their people were afflicted by illnesses, they thought the new religion might help. Three times they sent delegations of their tribe more than 1,500 miles (2,400 km) to St. Louis to request "black-robes" from the
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De Smet saw his meeting with the Salish as the will of God. He joined the delegation on its journey to St. Louis and asked Bishop Rosati to send missionaries. Rosati assigned him to journey to Salish territory, to determine their nation, and to establish a mission among them. For safety and
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100 years after his death. In his remaining years, De Smet was active in work related to the missions which he helped establish and fund. During his career, he sailed back to Europe eight times to raise money for the missions among supporters there. In 1868 he persuaded
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territory along the Upper
Missouri River. These people had moved west from what is now Illinois. Taking over the abandoned Council Bluffs Blockhouse at the former United States military fort, De Smet worked primarily with a Potawatomi band led by
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Tensed, Idaho, a populated place bordering De Smet, Idaho. The founders wanted to name their town De Smet, but when they discovered the name was taken, they chose to spell it backwards. A clerical error resulted in the "m" being changed to an
327:. They founded several academic institutions, among which was the St. Regis Seminary, where De Smet had his first contacts with indigenous students. He learned about various Indian tribal customs and languages while serving as a
1246:. De Smet returned to St. Louis and from there made several trips to the north country helping Indians and teaching Christianity. In 1850 he cruised from St. Louis to the Dakota territory aboard the steamboat
1254:. LaBarge was a close friend of De Smet, and always offered the services of his steamboat to the Catholic missionary effort. De Smet died in St. Louis on 23 May 1873. He was originally buried at
680:
De Smet was appalled by the murders and brutality resulting from the whiskey trade, which caused much social disruption among the Indian people. During this time, he also assisted and supported
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1004:
upstream to its headwaters at
Whiteman's Pass. The Cross River was named for the large wooden cross that De Smet erected at the top of the pass, where it could be seen from miles away.
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of the area. At the end of the month, De Smet traveled further to the east to search for other
Natives. Fortunate to find his way back to Rocky Mountain House, Natives guided him to
1895:
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804:
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at the age of nineteen. De Smet first came to the United States with eleven other
Belgian Jesuits in 1821, intending to become a missionary to Native Americans. He began his
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736:
Catholic Church to come to baptize their children, sick, and dying. The first two delegations reached St. Louis after being devastated by sickness, and although Bishop
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in
Ontario. He was fluent in English and Mohawk, and some other Indian languages.) Among the women responding to Smet's request to serve the Potawatomi people was
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1314:
1066:, among the Flathead and Kootenay Indian tribes. He also established the mission that became the Sacred Heart Mission to the Coeur d'Alene in present-day
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764:, a town in the west-central part of the present state. A monument to the event was later erected on this site. When De Smet arrived at
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De Smet's papers, with accounts of his travels and missionary work with Native
American nations, are held at two separate locations:
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234:
His extensive travels as a missionary were said to total 180,000 miles (290,000 km). He was affectionately known as "Friend of
684:'s efforts at mapping the Upper Midwest. De Smet used newly acquired mapping skills to produce the first detailed map of the upper
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1956:
744:. In 1839, a fourth delegation traveled down the Missouri River by canoe and stopped at Council Bluffs. There, they met De Smet.
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1499:. St. Louis, Missouri: Associates of St. Louis University Libraries, Inc. and Landmarks Association of St. Louis, Inc. 1969.
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into the
Kootenay River Valley. He recrossed the Kootenay and continued along the reverse of the route pioneered by the
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Whittaker (2008): "Pierre-Jean De Smet’s
Remarkable Map of the Missouri River Valley, 1839: What Did He See in Iowa?",
2007:
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1913:
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1090:, some thousand miles (1600 km) to the southwest. He eventually arrived at his mission at Sainte-Marie on the
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greeted him. He baptized 350 people and then returned to the eastern United States to raise funds for the mission.
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near Florissant, as were some fellow early Jesuit explorers. In 2003, the remains in that cemetery were moved to
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promised to send missionaries when funds were available, he never did. A third delegation was massacred by enemy
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1961:
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DeSmet Junction, near Wye, where U.S. 10, U.S. 93 and Montana Highway 200 met (and where I-90 meets them today)
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214:
1039:, which he followed downstream and east. It was October, and a long cold winter was looming, when he reached
1946:
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1951:
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696:. His map shows the locations of Indian villages and other cultural features, including the wreck of the
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area in Iowa, 1839. De Smet's mission is labeled "St. Joseph's", The area labeled 'Caldwell's Camp' was a
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1966:
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308:, to complete his theological studies and to begin his studies of Native American languages. He was
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1981:
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1031:. Once in the Bow Valley, De Smet headed upstream and in a north-westerly direction to its source
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among the Salish, and worked with them for several years. The following spring De Smet visited
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2012:
1804:
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1306:(17 December 2014 – 2015), at St. Louis University Museum of Art, focused on him and his work.
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2017:
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33:
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2002:
1941:
1936:
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1078:, and with considerable hardships completed the trek. He then crossed the Great Divide by
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1070:. In the spring of 1846, De Smet began his return westward, following the established
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One of De Smet's longest explorations began in August 1845 in the region west of the
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361:. This was at or near the later town of Kanesville, the precursor of Council Bluffs.
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1842:
Peter John De Smet, S.J. (1801 - 1873) ~ Life and times of a Blackrobe in the West
1740:
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In 1838 and 1839, De Smet helped to establish St. Joseph's Mission in what is now
342:
that same year due to health problems and did not return to St. Louis until 1837.
1806:
Life, letters and travels of Father Pierre-Jean de Smet, S.J., 1801-1873, Volume
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72:
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1627:
Origin, Progress, and Prospects of the Catholic Mission to the Rocky Mountains
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354:
206:
1847:
1690:"Guide to the Pierre Jean De Smet Papers 1764-1970 (bulk 1821-1873) Cage 537"
1548:
Mullen, Frank. (1925) "Father De Smet and the Pottawattamie Indian Mission",
1471:
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in St. Louis, at the newer burial site for Jesuits of the Missouri Province.
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1024:
1015:. From the crest of the pass, streams lead to Spray Lakes above present-day
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1840:
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Valley. He followed the Kootenay valley north, eventually crossing over to
1242:
to send a delegation to meet the U.S. peace commissioners, leading to the
941:
village by De Smet, showing earthlodges and other traditional house forms.
1827:
1327:
1086:, the northernmost tributary of the Columbia River, and eventually on to
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to participate in negotiations with the American government for the 1868
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1803:——; Richardson, Alfred Talbot; De Smet, Pierre-Jean (1905).
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82:
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During these years, he established St. Mary's Mission in present-day
669:. (Of Mohawk and Irish descent, Caldwell was born on what is now the
282:
228:
1864:
1849:
The Apostle of the Rocky Mountains: Father Pierre-Jean De Smet, S.J.
1823:
1571:"A Cross in the Wilderness: St. Mary's Mission Celebrates 175 Years"
1099:
Oregon Missions and Travels over the Rocky Mountains in 1845 to 1846
775:
In 1841, De Smet returned to the Salish accompanied by two priests,
390:
338:. On 23 September 1833, De Smet became a US citizen. He returned to
334:
Around 1830, De Smet went to St. Louis to serve as treasurer at the
1762: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1472:
Fanning, William. "Pierre-Jean De Smet." The Catholic Encyclopedia
1205:
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929:
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710:
477:
344:
239:
1629:. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Origin Galleon Press, 1972. pp. 9-11.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1044:
1877:
1110:
834:
1474:
Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 21 June 2019
1454:"Deze Vlaamse pater zat nog met Chief Sitting Bull aan tafel"
1640:
Wilderness Cathedral: The Story of Idaho’s Oldest Building,
1043:. He had fulfilled one of his main goals; to meet with the
1291:
De Smet was featured as a major figure in the exhibition,
949:
that was jointly occupied by the Americans, who called it
249:. The Native Americans gave him the affectionate nickname
1788:, The Institute of Jesuit Sources (2003), reprint of the
1401:, the largest and oldest all-men's residence hall on the
1768:
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pierre-Jean De Smet".
984:
He followed the upper Columbia valley north to and past
1519:, vol. 10, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003
1138:
1074:
trade route to the Columbia District. He went west to
862:
1868:
1742:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
805:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
803:. He noted that the Protestant proselytizing of the
205:(Jesuits). He is known primarily for his widespread
2193:
2130:
2099:
2031:
1995:
1912:
1304:
A Complex Vision: De Smet and the American Frontier
752:brigade. On 5 July 1840, De Smet offered the first
150:
140:
121:
113:
91:
58:
23:
1869:ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures
1610:(Map). Wyoming Department of Transportation. 2014.
1035:. He traveled further north until he came to the
323:, moved to Florissant at the invitation of bishop
289:, Maryland. Part of the complex survives today as
1786:'Come, Blackrobe': De Smet and the Indian Tragedy
2262:Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States
190:; 30 January 1801 – 23 May 1873), also known as
319:De Smet and five other Belgian novices, led by
1889:
1719:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
1315:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
631:
8:
1293:Crossing the Divide: Jesuits on the Frontier
1143:introducing citations to additional sources
867:introducing citations to additional sources
273:in 1801, and entered the Petit SĂ©minaire at
1528:
1526:
1515:Davis, William L., "De Smet, Pierre-Jean",
1344:DeSmet, Montana, a populated place between
1896:
1882:
1874:
1059:, where he spent the winter of 1845–1846.
638:
624:
389:
369:
41:
20:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1382:in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada
727:After discussion with members of various
1852:, Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
1233:. The current building was added to the
1133:Relevant discussion may be found on the
953:, and the British, who identified it as
857:Relevant discussion may be found on the
819:(Nez Perce) nation wary of Catholicism.
2292:Burials at Calvary Cemetery (St. Louis)
1575:Montana The Magazine of Western History
1510:
1508:
1506:
1445:
502:
495:List of Jesuit educational institutions
486:
454:
433:
403:
381:
209:work in the mid-19th century among the
2267:Belgian emigrants to the United States
1295:(26 February - 27 June 2010), held at
1221:In 1854, De Smet helped establish the
2297:Roman Catholic missionaries in Canada
1621:
1619:
1617:
1608:Official State Highway Map of Wyoming
748:convenience De Smet traveled with an
185:
7:
1812:. New York : Francis P. Harper.
1774:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1658:
1550:Iowa Journal of History and Politics
1235:National Register of Historic Places
300:In 1823, De Smet was transferred to
2277:Belgian Roman Catholic missionaries
1309:In 1968, he was inducted into the
1297:St. Louis University Museum of Art
1281:Pierre Jean De Smet Papers at the
14:
783:, and three friars. They founded
349:Likeness of De Smet's map of the
1904:Christian Missionary history of
1831:
1757:
1517:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1475:
1210:Statue of Pieter-Jan de Smet in
1126:relies largely or entirely on a
1115:
850:relies largely or entirely on a
839:
607:
1415:, First Year residence hall at
992:, he turned east and went over
325:Louis William Valentine DuBourg
1569:Baumler, Ellen (Spring 2016).
1360:, the later childhood home of
1350:Missoula International Airport
1084:Canoe_River_(British_Columbia)
825:Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur
688:valley system, from below the
366:Mission work in Iowa Territory
1:
2302:Belgian expatriates in Canada
2257:19th-century American Jesuits
2056:Jean-Baptiste-Zacharie Bolduc
1745:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
1278:series in St. Louis, Missouri
1011:was the British territory of
47:
2272:19th-century Belgian Jesuits
1927:Margaret Jewett Smith Bailey
1824:Works by Pierre-Jean De Smet
831:1845-1846 Rockies expedition
2008:Methodist Mission in Oregon
1830:(public domain audiobooks)
1283:Washington State University
1231:Flathead Indian Reservation
815:, had made the neighboring
731:nations from the East, the
154:23 September 1827
2328:
2112:St. Francis Xavier Mission
2046:Augustin-Magloire Blanchet
1715:"Hall of Great Westerners"
1536:Iowa Archeological Society
1367:De Smet Jesuit High School
720:Order of Leopold (Belgium)
2051:François Norbert Blanchet
1694:ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu
1007:On the other side of the
793:François Norbert Blanchet
201:priest and member of the
165:
136:
40:
16:Jesuit priest (1801–1873)
1962:Josiah Lamberson Parrish
1311:Hall of Great Westerners
1037:North Saskatchewan River
675:Rose Philippine Duchesne
321:Charles Van Quickenborne
2312:Bartleson–Bidwell Party
2252:People from Dendermonde
1739:Gannett, Henry (1905).
1642:Mediatrix Press, 2017.
1330:of De Smet, including:
1256:St. Stanislaus Seminary
1229:. It is located on the
957:. De Smet started from
420:Congregatio de Auxiliis
238:", as he persuaded the
2175:Mary Richardson Walker
1914:Methodist Missionaries
1790:University of Oklahoma
1244:Treaty of Fort Laramie
1218:
1101:was published in 1847.
942:
724:
614:Catholicism portal
471:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam
362:
316:on 23 September 1827.
247:Treaty of Fort Laramie
125:White Marsh Novitiate,
2287:Clergy from St. Louis
2033:Catholic Missionaries
1771:Catholic Encyclopedia
1371:Creve Coeur, Missouri
1358:De Smet, South Dakota
1227:St. Ignatius, Montana
1209:
1154:"Pierre-Jean De Smet"
1107:Later years and death
1064:Stevensville, Montana
965:and crossed into the
961:in present-day north
933:
878:"Pierre-Jean De Smet"
714:
707:First missionary tour
348:
255:The Great Black Skirt
77:French First Republic
2107:Sacred Heart Mission
1362:Laura Ingalls Wilder
1139:improve this article
1072:York Factory Express
1041:Rocky Mountain House
973:, the source of the
863:improve this article
750:American Fur Company
652:Council Bluffs, Iowa
442:General Congregation
336:College of St. Louis
302:Florissant, Missouri
265:De Smet was born in
2307:Jesuit missionaries
2282:Explorers of Canada
2160:Eliza Hart Spalding
2061:Pierre-Jean De Smet
1982:Chloe Clark Willson
1967:Henry K. W. Perkins
1856:Pierre-Jean De Smet
1638:Eberlein, Jake A.,
1407:Spokane, Washington
1337:, a populated place
1326:Several places are
1287:Pullman, Washington
1082:, traveling to the
998:Sinclair expedition
768:, 1,600 Salish and
671:Six Nations Reserve
598:Jesuit philosophers
573:Frederick Copleston
558:Pierre-Jean De Smet
464:Spiritual Exercises
413:Regimini militantis
291:Sacred Heart Church
172:Pierre-Jean De Smet
30:Pierre-Jean De Smet
2216:Tshimakain Mission
2132:ABCFM Missionaries
2122:St. Paul's Mission
2023:Willamette Mission
1996:Methodist Stations
1987:William H. Willson
1865:Pieter-Jan De Smet
1784:Killoren, John J.
1676:jesuitarchives.org
1496:Literary St. Louis
1403:Gonzaga University
1274:Jesuit Archives -
1219:
1023:, which joins the
1000:. He followed the
990:Radium Hot Springs
943:
799:, missionaries at
785:St. Mary's Mission
777:Gregorio Mengarini
725:
593:Jesuit theologians
513:Ignatius of Loyola
363:
281:at White Marsh, a
192:Pieter-Jan De Smet
117:Pieter-Jan De Smet
2229:
2228:
2221:Waiilaptu Mission
2165:Henry H. Spalding
2100:Catholic Stations
2091:Louis Vercruyesse
2013:Nisqually Mission
1394:Sheridan, Wyoming
1204:
1203:
1189:
959:Lake Pend Oreille
955:Columbia District
928:
927:
913:
809:Henry H. Spalding
789:Bitterroot Valley
760:, a mile east of
648:
647:
543:Robert Bellarmine
331:at the seminary.
269:, in what is now
251:De Grote Zwartrok
169:
168:
2319:
2185:Narcissa Whitman
2071:Antoine Langlois
2018:Wascopam Mission
1972:John P. Richmond
1898:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1835:
1834:
1813:
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1662:
1661:, Vol. II, p. 62
1659:Chittenden, 1905
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1512:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1421:Denver, Colorado
1417:Regis University
1260:Calvary Cemetery
1199:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1147:
1119:
1111:
1092:Bitterroot River
1027:near modern-day
1017:Canmore, Alberta
923:
920:
914:
912:
871:
843:
835:
663:, also known as
640:
633:
626:
612:
611:
568:Aloysius Gonzaga
563:Augustin Barruel
538:Francisco Suárez
447:Superior General
393:
383:Society of Jesus
370:
304:, just north of
213:peoples, in the
203:Society of Jesus
189:
187:[dəsmɛt]
184:
181:
180:Dutch and French
161:
159:
132:
114:Other names
98:
86:
68:
66:
49:
45:
21:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2211:Shimnap Mission
2189:
2155:Asa Bowen Smith
2150:William H. Gray
2126:
2117:St. Paul Church
2095:
2086:Antonio Ravalli
2041:Michael Accolti
2027:
2003:Clatsop Mission
1991:
1942:Joseph H. Frost
1937:Harvey L. Clark
1908:
1902:
1832:
1820:
1802:
1781:
1767:
1758:
1755:
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1738:
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1615:
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1601:
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1556:
1547:
1543:
1534:Journal of the
1531:
1524:
1513:
1504:
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1492:
1488:
1476:
1470:
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1447:
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1429:
1324:
1322:Namesake places
1268:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1148:
1146:
1132:
1120:
1109:
986:Lake Windermere
934:Engraving of a
924:
918:
915:
872:
870:
856:
844:
833:
770:Pend d'Oreilles
723:
717:
709:
694:Big Sioux River
682:Joseph Nicollet
644:
606:
504:Notable Jesuits
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1080:Athabaska Pass
1068:Cataldo, Idaho
1029:Banff, Alberta
975:Columbia River
967:Kootenay River
951:Oregon Country
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861:. Please help
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801:Fort Vancouver
797:Modeste Demers
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716:Father De Smet
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1156: –
1155:
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1150:Find sources:
1144:
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1136:
1130:
1129:
1128:single source
1124:This section
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919:November 2021
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852:single source
848:This section
846:
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766:Pierre's Hole
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738:Joseph Rosati
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2145:Mary A. Gray
2060:
1977:Elijah White
1957:David Leslie
1860:Find a Grave
1848:
1841:
1807:
1805:
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1741:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
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1607:
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1590:. Retrieved
1581:(1): 19–21.
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1574:
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1489:
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1325:
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1302:The exhibit
1292:
1285:archives in
1275:
1269:
1247:
1240:Sitting Bull
1220:
1192:
1182:
1175:
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690:Platte River
679:
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583:Pope Francis
557:
528:Pedro Arrupe
476:
469:
462:
455:Spirituality
418:
411:
333:
318:
299:
285:estate near
264:
254:
250:
236:Sitting Bull
233:
219:northwestern
191:
171:
170:
128:present-day
97:(1873-05-23)
52:Mathew Brady
50:1860-65, by
26:The Reverend
18:
2247:1873 deaths
2242:1801 births
2076:John Nobili
1922:Ira Babcock
1724:22 November
1552:23:192-216.
1413:DeSmet Hall
1399:DeSmet Hall
1386:Lake Desmet
1276:De Smetiana
1212:Dendermonde
1021:Spray River
1002:Cross River
979:Canal Flats
811:, based at
578:Karl Rahner
523:Peter Faber
426:Suppression
396:Christogram
267:Dendermonde
95:23 May 1873
73:Dendermonde
2236:Categories
1947:Daniel Lee
1440:References
1419:campus in
1405:campus in
1388:, between
1248:Saint Agne
1165:newspapers
1019:, and the
889:newspapers
722:decoration
698:steamboat
656:Potawatomi
355:Potawatomi
261:Early life
215:midwestern
207:missionary
158:1827-09-23
65:1801-01-30
1952:Jason Lee
1135:talk page
1097:His book
1053:Blackfoot
1025:Bow River
859:talk page
666:Sauganash
434:Hierarchy
359:Sauganash
306:St. Louis
287:Baltimore
279:novitiate
243:war chief
122:Education
103:St. Louis
1828:LibriVox
1587:26322905
1433:Red Fish
1427:See also
1348:and the
1049:Chippewa
1033:Bow Lake
939:(Kansas)
817:NimĂipuu
729:Iroquois
718:wearing
375:a series
373:Part of
340:Flanders
310:ordained
275:Mechelen
199:Catholic
194:, was a
151:Ordained
145:Catholic
107:Missouri
1779:Sources
1766::
1699:27 July
1592:1 March
1539:55:1-13
1390:Buffalo
1313:of the
1223:mission
1216:Belgium
1179:scholar
947:Rockies
903:scholar
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758:Wyoming
692:to the
404:History
329:prefect
271:Belgium
226:western
196:Flemish
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762:Daniel
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700:Pirate
377:on the
314:priest
283:Jesuit
229:Canada
141:Church
1583:JSTOR
1186:JSTOR
1172:books
963:Idaho
910:JSTOR
896:books
742:Sioux
654:, in
487:Works
478:Magis
295:Bowie
240:Sioux
81:(now
1794:ISBN
1726:2019
1701:2018
1644:ISBN
1594:2021
1392:and
1378:and
1341:"n."
1158:news
1045:Cree
882:news
795:and
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