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surrounding area. However, as grey dunes begin to develop, lichens and mosses protect the dune surfaces and dissipate raindrop impacts. Slope wash (overland flow) is particularly evident in sparsely vegetated dune slopes. Slope wash occurs when rainfall infiltration is impeded, which can result in
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processes dominate the geomorphology of grey dunes, with rain splash and slope wash being the most common processes taking place. Erosion can take place in the form of rain splash and slope wash. Rain splash occurs when a raindrop impacts the bare soil surface and disperses soil particles to the
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grains. Older grey dunes can also exhibit acidic conditions if there has been enough rainfall to leach out the soil nutrients. Calcareous soil substrates form when seashells decompose to create a
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Grey dunes are highly susceptible to change from both natural and human-induced events. Since the 1960s, grey dune ecosystems have declined from the encroachment of
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sand grains carried by the wind and deposit them to continue build up the dune. Grey dunes are then formed after the root structures of pioneering plants stabilize
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the stable dunes ultimately developing more extensive root structures and plant diversity. When the dune has become continuously vegetated,
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141:. These dunes are typically located 50–100 meters from the ocean shore and are found on the landward side of
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van Til, Mark; Kooijman, Annemieke (2007). "Rapid
Improvement of Grey Dunes After Shallow Sod Cutting".
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149:). Grey dunes are named for their characteristic grey color which is a result of the ground cover of
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coast and along large, inland bodies of water. Broadly speaking, they can be found along the
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209:(through rainfall and wind), this results in the official formation of the grey dune.
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species, and more recently, by the invasion by the alien invasive Heath Star Moss (
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but species will depend on locations throughout the
European continent.
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252:-rich environment. The vegetation on grey dunes is dependent on the
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Doody, J.P. (2008). "Sand Dune
Inventory of Europe, 2nd Edition".
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plant species can be found within grey dune ecosystems, providing
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Depending on the sand composition, a grey dune will become either
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of grey dune landscapes (and overall reduction in habitat), a
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433:"Coastal Sand Dunes: an Example of Primary Succession"
205:, providing a water-repellent surface that reduces
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
352:deposition from the vegetation, and a decline in
244:will form if the sand is composed completely of
458:Soils and Geomorphology (Catena Supplement 6)
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460:. Germany: Catena-Verlag. pp. 185–193.
276:for animals and insects. A wide variety of
409:Dawson, Lorna; Lund, Jane; Miller, David.
137:that are covered by a continuous layer of
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
439:. Offwell Woodland & Wildlife Trust.
356:populations within the dunes. Grass and
173:and begin a successional process toward
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300:Grey dunes are found along much of the
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483:European Union for Dune Conservation
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153:combined with a top soil layer of
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386:Kilmuckridge-Tinnaberna Sandhills
376:that are endemic to grey dunes.
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320:coast, the Western and Eastern
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416:. The James Hutton Institute.
165:Grey dunes are formed when
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316:Seas, the Eastern and Mid
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181:. Pioneer plants capture
456:; Dekker, L.W. (1990).
288:are found in grey dune
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139:herbaceous vegetation
122:Grey dune in Baleal,
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366:loss of biodiversity
360:has resulted in the
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498:Coastline Reports 7
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358:shrub encroachment
332:Loss of Grey Dunes
175:dune stabilization
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96:December 2015
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29:This article
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374:rare species
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171:embryo dunes
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147:yellow dunes
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38:Please help
33:verification
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55:"Grey dune"
467:3923381050
397:References
370:endangered
270:endangered
260:Vegetation
238:calcareous
203:understory
135:sand dunes
131:Grey dunes
126:, Portugal
66:newspapers
326:Black Sea
242:substrate
187:foredunes
183:saltating
161:Formation
143:foredunes
511:Category
391:Foredune
380:See also
350:nitrogen
318:Atlantic
302:European
296:Location
191:colonize
169:inhabit
286:lichens
282:grasses
278:orchids
228:Dune pH
213:Pluvial
207:erosion
124:Peniche
80:scholar
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354:rabbit
312:, and
310:Baltic
306:Celtic
284:, and
246:quartz
234:acidic
195:lichen
151:lichen
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517:Dunes
414:(PDF)
342:shrub
338:grass
314:North
264:Many
218:rills
155:humus
87:JSTOR
73:books
462:ISBN
372:and
340:and
268:and
266:rare
250:lime
220:and
199:moss
197:and
177:and
59:news
236:or
42:by
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254:pH
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