707:
56:
892:
2479:
86:
2383:
39:
2395:
93:
63:
503:. The island measures about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from east to west and 60 kilometres (37 mi) from north to south; its area is 2,326.1 km (898.1 sq mi). It is generally quite low-lying, with an average height above sea level of 15 metres (49 ft), although Central Hill reaches an elevation of 219 metres (719 ft).
1108:
806:) was previously suggested as evidence of early contact with Portuguese sailors. (Contact with Chinese traders has also been suggested as a cause.) Recent genetic studies showed that the Groote Eylandt families with MJD shared a haplogroup with some families from Taiwanese, Indian, and Japanese families.
1116:
823:
at
Emerald River in 1921. In 1943, after a cyclone swept through the mission, CMS decided to move the settlement south of the Angurugu River. The local Anindilyakwa people called the chosen location "Mungwardinamanja". However, as it was difficult for the European missionaries to pronounce, the local
988:
In 2019 Wichelsea Mining was granted an exploration license covering part of
Winchelsea Island (Akwamburrkba), which is off the northwestern coast of Groote Eylandt. This company is a joint venture between the Anindilyakwa Advancement Aboriginal Corporation (AAAC) and AUS China International Mining
935:
The mine produces more than 3.8 million tonnes (8.4 billion pounds) annually – about a quarter of the world's total and, as of June 2023, it has produced more than 147 million tonnes (320 billion pounds) of manganese ore and concentrate.
1016:
On 20 May 2008, the federal government signed a deal with local
Aboriginal people from Groote Eylandt to lease land to the government for 40 years. In return, the government will spend money in the community to improve housing, education, and health in the area.
939:
Concerns have been raised by many community members that this mining, and the resulting dust, posed a significant risk to their health and monitoring has been in place since 2017; South32 does not dispute these readings or provide its own monitoring data. The
1768:
Amir Abdul Nasir, Ami F.; Niehaus, Amanda C.; Cameron, Skye F.; Ujvari, Beata; Madsen, Thomas; von Hippel, Frank A.; Gao, Sisi; Dillon, Danielle M.; Buck, C. Loren; Charters, Jordan; Heiniger, Jaime; Blomberg, Simone; Wilson, Robbie S. (January 2024).
944:
advised that breathing even low levels of manganese can damage brain functions relating to dexterity and also damage respiratory and reproductive systems. To investigate the possible impacts on humans studies are being undertaken at the
669:
did not encourage tourism. There is now a resort-style hotel on the island, and visitors are welcome. The island is becoming renowned for its fine
Aboriginal rock art sites, arts and crafts and outstanding sport-fishing, including
1000:
Nobody would have thought it possible for
Traditional Owners to mine their own land in an environmentally, well-managed way. But that’s what we’re going to do. It will create the wealth for us to be able to stand on our own
1901:
2138:
2019:
2833:
734:
on Groote
Eylandt. The Anindilyakwa people have inhabited the island for thousands of years. The clans maintain their traditions and have strong ties with the people in the community of
2838:
1444:
55:
765:
from around the early to mid-1700s. They introduced culinary delights such as tamarinds, chilli and beer. The trade continued until the
Australian Government introduced the
956:
We are worried about the future of our children, so we'd like them to do more testing and we'd like to know what positive programs they can put in place to stop this dust.
1978:
1729:
Amir Abdul Nasir, Ami
Fadhillah; Cameron, Skye F.; von Hippel, Frank A.; Postlethwait, John; Niehaus, Amanda C.; Blomberg, Simon; Wilson, Robbie S. (1 February 2018).
2433:
2131:
615:
1321:
2828:
908:
reserves are located on the western side of Groote
Eylandt and the deposits there comprise of oolitic and pisolitic sedimentary manganese and sit within the
1810:
Amir Abdul Nasir, Ami
Fadhillah; Cameron, Skye F.; Niehaus, Amanda C.; Clemente, Christofer J.; von Hippel, Frank A.; Wilson, Robbie S. (1 October 2018).
2823:
2741:
2387:
2124:
2399:
883:, Groote Eylandt was converted to Aboriginal freehold title land. In 1979, control of the island was transferred to the local Aboriginal Town Council.
2756:
2761:
2411:
1849:
706:
1504:
2776:
2746:
2272:
1659:"How is exposure to manganese on Groote Eylandt associated with motor control and cognitive function in school-aged children? - UQ Researchers"
608:
2843:
2048:
2294:
2188:
2087:
1433:
Van Egmond, M-E. (2012). "Enindhilyakwa phonology, morphosyntax and genetic position." Doctoral thesis. University of Sydney. pp. 314–70.
2426:
233:
147:
2442:
2252:
2664:
2351:
2237:
1147:
449:
1684:"How does naturally occurring manganese affect the physiology, genetics and health of organisms on Groote Eylandt - UQ Researchers"
85:
1362:
989:
and, in December 2020, they applied for a stage open cut mine plan and in 2024 they completed works on accommodation at the site.
2106:
529:
2766:
966:
Studies have also taken place looking at the impacts on the ecosystem; this includes specific studies looking at the impact of
880:
836:
and trepang trader, established the Umbakumba Native Settlement on an old Macassan trading post in 1938. The place-name itself
754:
824:
Anindilyakwa men guiding them chose the name of the Angurugu River mouth "Angurrkwa", which was later Anglicised to Angurugu.
776:, which the traders introduced to the area. Some Groote Eylandt settlements, such as Umbakumba, can trace their names back to
2630:
2419:
2321:
1989:
1575:
1606:
1166:
2304:
921:
592:
577:
573:
437:
429:
2751:
1088:
533:
433:
1632:
1391:
2299:
1318:
650:
1633:"Concerning levels of heavy metals found in Indigenous people living beside world's biggest manganese-producing mine"
1464:"Mutational Origin of Machado-Joseph Disease in the Australian Aboriginal Communities of Groote Eylandt and Yirrkala"
2040:
611:
496:
465:
263:
1548:
909:
2771:
2257:
2074:
1038:
993:
941:
820:
2848:
2262:
946:
1336:
BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Islet off NE Grooyte Eylandt. Downloaded from
976:
In March 2024 a carrier of the manganese ore, MV Anikitos, caused significant damage to the mines port during
649:
The island hosts 27 species of native mammal, making it the third most mammal diverse Australian island after
2818:
2704:
2478:
2468:
2279:
1060:
683:
666:
413:
on the island. The clans maintain their traditions and have strong ties with the people in the community of
2101:
2284:
1083:
891:
799:
766:
537:
402:
2450:
1731:"Manganese accumulates in the brain of northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) living near an active mine"
471:
406:
331:
924:
was built as a residence for mine workers in the late 1960s. GEMCO it is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
2111:
2096:
1811:
1730:
1271:
2685:
1812:"Manganese contamination affects the motor performance of wild northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus)"
1064:
992:
This mine is part of a strategy to make the residents of Groote Eylandt economically independent and
777:
517:
319:
973:
Mining rights are renewed every 21 years, with operations expected to continue until at least 2027.
2599:
2508:
2064:
727:
710:
596:
549:
460:
398:
383:
315:
270:
253:
135:
580:, Yadagba District, Uburamudja District and Sandy Hill (Groote Eylandt) and Milyakburra District (
2594:
2523:
2455:
2331:
1952:
1926:
723:
565:
488:
248:
238:
2443:
Australian places named by Dutch navigators, explorers and cartographers in the Age of Discovery
2084:
1572:
868:
required the use of the mission's airstrip: the ruins of the RAAF base are still evident today.
745:
In 1856, the Jurambunga tribe, a local aboriginal conglomerate would regularly pass the island.
625:
Groote Eylandt has a variety of habitats: dense stands on monsoon forests rising behind coastal
1607:"This Australian island is constantly covered in a fine layer of dust. Now locals want answers"
1245:
2696:
2656:
2651:
2578:
2552:
2346:
2217:
2195:
2171:
2166:
2044:
2032:
1831:
1792:
1750:
1485:
1143:
545:
1770:
2607:
2531:
2267:
2222:
2210:
2200:
1823:
1782:
1742:
1475:
1042:
739:
731:
581:
561:
521:
445:
441:
418:
410:
341:
1445:"'Cruel, deadly disease' on idyllic Aussie island: 'Now we're seeing teens in wheelchairs'"
1294:
665:
Until recently, the island had been open to the public only with permission, and the local
614:. BirdLife International has classified an unnamed islet off the north-eastern coast as an
2722:
2643:
2622:
2617:
2560:
2356:
2336:
2091:
1325:
1070:
1026:
390:
in 1644 and is Dutch for "Large Island" in archaic spelling. The modern Dutch spelling is
1167:"Groote Eylandt and Bickerton Island Regional Partnership Agreement: Progress Evaluation"
1505:"Language and Australian Aboriginal History; Anindilyakwa and English on Groote Eylandt"
2691:
2612:
2568:
2463:
2363:
2316:
2311:
2247:
1683:
1658:
1054:
1048:
967:
819:
The first European settlement on the island was a Christian mission established by the
789:
687:
525:
119:
409:(also known as Amamalya Ayakwa). They consist of 14 clan groups which make up the two
2812:
2796:
2513:
2500:
2368:
2326:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2183:
2161:
2156:
977:
793:
2116:
1220:
1057:(1900–1993), Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist.
2714:
2586:
2341:
2289:
2178:
1527:
Studies on the rehabilitation of mined areas on Groote Eylandt (Northern Territory)
1032:
857:
798:, under Willem van Coolsteerdt. However, the relative prevalence of the hereditary
619:
500:
456:
2037:
Shared Wealth and Symbol: Food, Culture, and Society in Oceania and Southeast Asia
1827:
1746:
1480:
1463:
1195:
802:(MJD) in the Groote Eylandt community (a condition otherwise mainly found in the
2544:
2023:
1771:"Manganese Exacerbates Seasonal Health Declines in a Suicidally Breeding Mammal"
873:
695:
541:
492:
387:
564:
and a few smaller satellite islands, Groote Eylandt forms Anindilyakwa Ward of
2495:
2487:
1708:
845:
762:
1835:
1796:
1754:
952:
Sylvia Tkac, an Anindilyakwa woman, who used to work at the mine said of it:
162:
149:
2709:
1399:
905:
735:
691:
626:
414:
283:
273:
256:
38:
1489:
1006:
Tony Wurramarrba, The Story of Winchelsea and Its People, Winchelsea Mining
788:
The first recorded European sighting of Groote Eylandt was in 1623, by the
2789:
Notes: with the name still in use in either original or Anglicised version
1363:"Biodiversity conservation on the Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory. Fauna"
980:; this did not lead to a fuel leak but did, temporarily, halt production.
2677:
917:
861:
773:
758:
671:
654:
638:
630:
569:
386:
and the fourth largest island in Australia. It was named by the explorer
2079:
2033:"Classification of Food from a Groote Eylandt Aboriginal point of view"
929:
844:, which means ‘lapping of waves’. He used the settlement as a base for
634:
916:
and it has been in operation since 25 July 1964 near the community of
607:
The whole of Groote Eylandt and its surrounding waters lie within the
1787:
869:
803:
675:
848:
and employed many of the Aboriginal locals during the 20s and 30s.
2069:
1035:(1999-), singer-songwriter who moved to Groote Eylandt as a child.
913:
890:
833:
705:
588:
425:
2020:"Little-known island of riches wants to become a tourist hotspot"
424:
There are four communities on Groote Eylandt. The mining company
865:
679:
587:
Outside the local government, subdivision is the mining company
2415:
2120:
1953:"Groote Eylandt Regional Partnership Agreement (RPA) (Stage 1)"
925:
353:
599:
territory within the Northern Region of Northern Territory.
459:
in the Northern Territory. It is a representative body with
772:
There is still evidence of the Macassans, such as the wild
487:
Groote Eylandt lies about 50 km (31 mi) from the
432:
for its workers. The three main Aboriginal communities are
368:
362:
1875:
1337:
347:
1586:
1584:
421:. The island's population was 2,811 in the 2016 census.
2799:; for these the original Dutch name appears in brackets
1957:
Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements Project
1850:"Bulk carrier smashes into remote port during cyclone"
713:
men and boys in a bush shelter on Groote Eylandt, 1933
1051:(1901–1970), Australian anthropologist and biologist.
371:
359:
1221:"Map of Commonwealth Electoral Division of Lingiari"
881:
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976
466:
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976
374:
365:
356:
350:
2734:
2676:
2642:
2577:
2522:
2486:
2449:
1293:Government, Northern Territory (22 November 2021).
397:The original inhabitants of Groote Eylandt are the
344:
311:
303:
295:
290:
279:
262:
244:
232:
218:
210:
202:
194:
186:
178:
141:
131:
126:
114:
26:
961:Sylvia Tkac, as quoted in ABC News article in 2023
895:Manganese refinery at Groote Eylandt, date unknown
1115:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from
920:and, as a part of its establishment, the town of
2834:Maritime history of the Dutch East India Company
1900:Government, Northern Territory (23 April 2024).
1547:Government, Northern Territory (26 March 2024).
1045:rugby league player who moved to Groote Eylandt.
1246:"House of Representatives division information"
998:
954:
761:traders who would visit the area searching for
2839:Unincorporated areas of the Northern Territory
532:. The island is within the Northern Territory
2686:Van Diemen's Land / Anthonie van Diemenslandt
2427:
2132:
1988:. 15 February 2011. p. 5. Archived from
1462:Martins, Sandra & Bing-Wen Soong (2012).
730:, have 14 clan groups, which make up the two
455:The Anindilyakwa Land Council is one of four
8:
1029:, a poet who lived and taught on the island.
912:. Special mining leases were granted to the
21:
2742:European maritime exploration of Australia
2434:
2420:
2412:
2139:
2125:
2117:
2075:Angurugu Community Government Council site
1902:"Winchelsea Island Manganese Mine Project"
495:, about 630 kilometres (390 mi) from
37:
20:
2792:Named by the Dutch, but a Portuguese name
2757:Dutch mapping of the Australian continent
2097:GEMCO – The Groote Eylandt mining company
1786:
1590:
1479:
2762:Dutch mapping of the Australian mainland
1927:"The Story of Winchelsea and Its People"
1073:, singer-songwriter, born on the island.
641:provide excellent niches for shellfish.
43:Groote Eylandt from space, November 1989
16:Island off the Northern Australian coast
1226:. Australian Electoral Commission. 2007
1100:
182:2,326.1 km (898.1 sq mi)
2777:Early modern Netherlandish cartography
2747:European land exploration of Australia
1775:Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
618:because of its global importance as a
516:Groote Eylandt is part of the federal
92:
62:
1601:
1599:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1420:Cooper, D. "Name change for school",
1349:
1176:. Commonwealth of Australia. May 2012
996:chair, Tony Wurramarrba, says of it:
968:northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus)
914:Groote Eylandt Mining Company (GEMCO)
7:
2829:Australian Aboriginal freehold title
2394:
1979:"Nick Kenny lands on Groote Eylandt"
1161:
1159:
757:between local Aboriginal people and
524:, who replaced the inaugural member
536:. The current member for Arnhem is
469:and has responsibilities under the
2018:McCulloch, Daniel (21 June 2016).
520:, for which the current member is
14:
2824:Islands of the Northern Territory
2147:Islands of the Northern Territory
1443:Palin, Megan (10 November 2016).
568:. It contains the communities of
2477:
2393:
2382:
2381:
1140:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
1109:"Anindilyakwa (SA2) (702041062)"
860:, in 1943, the mission moved to
530:2022 Australian federal election
340:
122:for "Large Island home to Zarah"
91:
84:
61:
54:
2767:Dutch mapping of Nova Hollandia
1250:Australian Electoral Commission
382:) is the largest island in the
2469:Nova Hollandia / Nieuw Holland
2035:. In Manderson, Lenore (ed.).
1576:Australian Securities Exchange
1512:Australian National University
491:mainland and eastern coast of
75:Show map of Northern Territory
1:
1525:Langkamp, Peter John (1978).
1174:Department of Social Services
1063:(1925–2010), inventor of the
900:Groote Eylandt Mining Company
448:. There are also a number of
2844:Arnhem Land tropical savanna
2752:Dutch mapping of Australasia
2080:East Arnhem Regional Council
1828:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.087
1747:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.088
1481:10.1001/archneurol.2011.2504
1089:List of islands of Australia
910:Cretaceous Carpentaria Basin
904:The majority of Australia's
784:Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD)
534:electoral division of Arnhem
428:established the township of
1709:"Wikitongues | Sylvia Tkac"
1272:"The Hon Warren Snowdon MP"
507:Politics and administration
2865:
2102:GEMCO publication with map
2041:Cambridge University Press
1573:Admission to Official List
1529:. University of Melbourne.
840:comes from the Malay word
2785:
2772:Dutch mapping of Tasmania
2626:('t Eylandt 't Rottenest)
2475:
2377:
2152:
2107:Fishing on Groote Eylandt
1959:. University of Melbourne
1274:. Parliament of Australia
1200:Anindilyakwa Land Council
1067:, born on Groote Eylandt.
994:Anindilyakwa Land Council
942:World Health Organization
928:but has become a part of
821:Church Missionary Society
637:. Sandstone outcrops and
612:Indigenous Protected Area
307:1.21/km (3.13/sq mi)
223:
48:
36:
1553:Resourcing the Territory
1424:, June/July 2012, p. 19.
1396:www.grootefishing.com.au
947:University of Queensland
206:219 m (719 ft)
2603:(Land van Pieter Nuyts)
2280:Sir George Hope Islands
1816:Environmental Pollution
1735:Environmental Pollution
1338:http://www.birdlife.org
753:There had been regular
726:of Groote Eylandt, the
667:Aboriginal Land Council
198:60 km (37 mi)
190:50 km (31 mi)
2700:(Maetsuickers Eylandt)
2634:(Swarte Swaene-Rivier)
2590:(Landt van de Leeuwin)
1084:Groote Eylandt Airport
1009:
964:
896:
815:Church Mission Society
800:Machado-Joseph Disease
767:White Australia Policy
714:
518:electorate of Lingiari
477:Pastoral Land Act 1992
405:people, who speak the
203:Highest elevation
2795:Many names have been
2660:(Eyland St. Francois)
2090:26 March 2020 at the
2070:Alyangula Area School
2065:Alyangula Area School
2031:Waddy, Julie (1986).
1688:researchers.uq.edu.au
1663:researchers.uq.edu.au
1468:Archives of Neurology
1392:"Groote Eylandt Fish"
894:
872:used the island as a
810:European Colonisation
709:
472:Native Title Act 1993
407:Anindilyakwa language
403:Aboriginal Australian
105:Show map of Australia
2451:Australian continent
2043:. pp. 144–164.
1299:parliament.nt.gov.au
1138:Wells, J.C. (2008).
1065:flight data recorder
970:living in the area.
932:since 18 May 2015.
544:, whose mother is a
320:European Australians
286: (pop. 966)
2688:(mainland Tasmania)
2668:(Eyland St. Pierre)
2600:Nuyts Land District
2556:(Cocodrils Eÿlandt)
2509:Gulf of Carpentaria
2456:Australian mainland
1933:. 28 September 2020
1876:"Winchelsea Mining"
1142:. Pearson Longman.
1119:on 31 December 2017
832:Mr Fred H. Gray, a
728:Anindilyakwa people
629:, alternating with
616:important bird area
461:statutory authority
384:Gulf of Carpentaria
338:; meaning "island"
299:2,811 (2016 census)
159: /
136:Gulf of Carpentaria
23:
2595:Dirk Hartog Island
2524:Northern Territory
1613:. 14 February 2023
1503:Rademaker, Laura.
1324:2011-06-05 at the
897:
724:traditional owners
718:Traditional owners
715:
566:East Arnhem Region
489:Northern Territory
280:Largest settlement
268:Anindilyakwa Ward/
249:East Arnhem Region
239:Northern Territory
211:Highest point
163:13.967°S 136.583°E
2806:
2805:
2726:(Schoute Eylandt)
2718:(Maria's Eylandt)
2697:Maatsuyker Island
2657:St Francis Island
2652:Nuyts Archipelago
2579:Western Australia
2564:(Baÿa Van Diemen)
2553:Crocodile Islands
2409:
2408:
2253:Sir Edward Pellew
2050:978-0-521-32354-3
1931:Winchelsea Mining
1880:Winchelsea Mining
1639:. 6 December 2021
1370:Tiwi Land Council
1295:"Hon Selena Uibo"
984:Winchelsea Mining
597:an unincorporated
325:
324:
2856:
2608:Houtman Abrolhos
2532:Vanderlin Island
2481:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2413:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2118:
2054:
2027:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1995:on 12 April 2015
1994:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1788:10.1002/etc.5753
1765:
1759:
1758:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1594:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1402:on 12 March 2016
1398:. Archived from
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1171:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1105:
1043:Brisbane Broncos
1041:(1982–), former
1007:
962:
887:Manganese mining
749:Macassan traders
740:Bickerton Island
684:Spanish mackerel
582:Bickerton Island
562:Bickerton Island
556:Local government
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2561:Van Diemen Gulf
2548:(Arnhems Landt)
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30:Ayangkidarrba
28:Native name:
25:
19:
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2717:
2715:Maria Island
2705:Pedra Branca
2699:
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2563:
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2179:Croker Group
2085:Eylandt Echo
2036:
1997:. Retrieved
1990:the original
1986:Eylandt Echo
1985:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1930:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:
1895:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1853:
1844:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1781:(1): 74–86.
1778:
1774:
1763:
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1734:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:
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1641:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1610:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1552:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1498:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1448:
1438:
1429:
1421:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:the original
1395:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1369:
1357:
1345:
1332:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1298:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1173:
1139:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1117:the original
1112:
1103:
1061:David Warren
1033:Tia Gostelow
1015:
999:
991:
987:
975:
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858:World War II
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721:
664:
648:
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620:roseate tern
609:Anindilyakwa
606:
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550:Anindilyakwa
515:
501:Blue Mud Bay
486:
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454:
423:
399:Anindilyakwa
396:
392:Groot Eiland
391:
335:
332:Anindilyakwa
327:
326:
304:Pop. density
291:Demographics
225:
214:Central Hill
18:
2545:Arnhem Land
2273:South West
2024:News.com.au
2012:Works cited
1963:21 November
1741:: 377–386.
1578:18 May 2015
1549:"Manganese"
1449:News.com.au
1372:. June 2003
1304:13 December
1278:20 November
1205:13 December
1012:Present-day
874:flying boat
842:ombak-ombak
696:coral trout
603:Environment
542:Selena Uibo
538:Labor Party
512:Electorates
499:, opposite
493:Arnhem Land
450:outstations
442:Milyakburra
388:Abel Tasman
166: /
142:Coordinates
2813:Categories
2797:Anglicised
2631:Swan River
2496:Coen River
2488:Queensland
2347:Marchinbar
2332:Cunningham
2218:Haul Round
2196:East Woody
2172:Milingimbi
1350:Waddy 1986
1319:APH.gov.au
1252:. Canberra
1123:29 October
1095:References
1039:Nick Kenny
846:trepanging
627:sand dunes
546:Nunggubuyu
463:under the
296:Population
2710:Storm Bay
2268:Vanderlin
2223:Higginson
2211:Bickerton
2189:New Year
2167:Crocodile
1836:0269-7491
1822:: 55–62.
1797:0730-7268
1755:0269-7491
922:Alyangula
906:manganese
864:, as the
838:Umbakumba
828:Umbakumba
769:in 1906.
736:Numbulwar
692:queenfish
593:Alyangula
578:Umbakumba
574:Alyangula
483:Geography
438:Umbakumba
430:Alyangula
415:Numbulwar
284:Alyangula
274:Alyangula
257:Alyangula
234:Territory
226:Australia
127:Geography
118:From the
115:Etymology
2678:Tasmania
2388:Category
2357:Raragala
2337:Drysdale
2300:Melville
2295:Bathurst
2201:Goulburn
2088:Archived
1854:ABC News
1637:ABC News
1611:ABC News
1490:22351852
1406:24 March
1322:Archived
1078:See also
1004:—
959:—
918:Angurugu
862:Angurugu
780:origin.
778:Macassan
759:Macassan
732:moieties
672:sailfish
655:Tasmania
639:laterite
635:mudflats
631:mangrove
591:town of
570:Angurugu
475:and the
434:Angurugu
411:moieties
154:136°35′E
132:Location
2400:Commons
2312:Warnawi
2305:Seagull
2248:Rimbija
1999:6 April
930:South32
856:During
763:trepang
755:contact
738:and on
702:History
661:Fishing
552:woman.
540:member
528:at the
417:and on
151:13°58′S
2369:Woodah
2352:Quail
2327:Bumaga
2322:Abbott
2317:Wessel
2263:Skull
2258:Centre
2233:Inglis
2228:Howard
2184:Croker
2162:Burney
2157:Bremer
2047:
1937:4 June
1911:4 June
1885:4 June
1860:6 June
1834:
1795:
1753:
1714:4 June
1693:4 June
1668:4 June
1643:4 June
1617:4 June
1558:4 June
1488:
1422:Ayakwa
1376:21 May
1256:8 June
1230:21 May
1146:
876:base.
870:Qantas
804:Azores
795:Arnhem
694:, and
676:marlin
497:Darwin
440:, and
245:Region
187:Length
2342:Elcho
2243:Peron
2238:Maria
1993:(PDF)
1982:(PDF)
1508:(PDF)
1366:(PDF)
1224:(PDF)
1180:3 May
1170:(PDF)
1001:feet.
834:pearl
792:ship
790:Dutch
645:Fauna
589:GEMCO
560:With
426:GEMCO
401:, an
195:Width
120:Dutch
2290:Tiwi
2045:ISBN
2001:2015
1965:2023
1939:2024
1913:2024
1887:2024
1862:2024
1832:ISSN
1793:ISSN
1751:ISSN
1716:2024
1695:2024
1670:2024
1645:2024
1619:2024
1560:2024
1514:: 6.
1486:PMID
1408:2016
1378:2022
1306:2021
1280:2013
1258:2022
1232:2009
1207:2021
1182:2015
1144:ISBN
1125:2017
866:RAAF
722:The
680:tuna
653:and
633:and
548:and
436:and
264:Ward
179:Area
1824:doi
1820:241
1783:doi
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