287:
961:, i.e., they mature only as females and can change sex after sexual maturity. Some species of groupers grow about a kilogram per year and are generally adolescents until they reach three kilograms when they become female. The largest males often control harems containing three to 15 females. Groupers often pair spawn, which enables large males to competitively exclude smaller males from reproducing. As such, if a small female grouper were to change sex before it could control a harem as a male, its fitness would decrease. If no male is available, the largest female that can increase fitness by changing sex will do so.
49:
968:. Gonochorism, or a reproductive strategy with two distinct sexes, has evolved independently in groupers at least five times. The evolution of gonochorism is linked to group spawning high amounts of habitat cover. Both group spawning and habitat cover increase the likelihood of a smaller male reproducing in the presence of large males. The fitness of male groupers in environments where competitive exclusion of smaller males is impossible is correlated with sperm production and thus
4534:
982:
73:
5241:
4222:
6525:
5117:
4913:
4820:
4685:
4215:
4208:
6514:
5106:
1048:
1988:
5235:
1730:
Justine, J.-L., Beveridge, I., Boxshall, G. A., Bray, R. A., Moravec, F., Trilles, J.-P. & Whittington, I. D. 2010: An annotated list of parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and
Nematoda) collected in groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in New Caledonia emphasizes parasite
1772:
Sadovy de
Mitcheson, Yvonne; Craig, Matthew T; Bertoncini, Athila A; Carpenter, Kent E; Cheung, William W L; Choat, John H; Cornish, Andrew S; Fennessy, Sean T; Ferreira, Beatrice P; Heemstra, Philip C; Liu, Min; Myers, Robert F; Pollard, David A; Rhodes, Kevin L; Rocha, Luiz A; Russell, Barry C;
972:
size. Gonochoristic groupers have larger testes than protogynous groupers (10% of body mass compared to 1% of body mass), indicating the evolution of gonochorism increased male grouper fitness in environments where large males were unable to competitively exclude small males from reproducing.
476:, and when they are confined in a restricted space and subjected to stress, the mucus produces a foam that is toxic to nearby fish. These fishes are often called soapfishes. They have been classified either as their own families or within subfamilies, although the fifth Edition of the
320: in), though in such a large group, species vary considerably. They swallow prey rather than biting pieces off of them. They do not have many teeth on the edges of their jaws, but they have heavy crushing tooth plates inside the
278:) are also in this subfamily, and occasional species in other serranid genera have common names involving the word "grouper". Nonetheless, the word "grouper" on its own is usually taken as meaning the subfamily Epinephelinae.
1620:
Erisman, B. E., M. T. Craig, and P. A. Hastings. 2009. A phylogenetic test of the size-advantage model: Evolutionary changes in mating behavior influence the loss of sex change in a fish lineage. American
Naturalist
1121:. The weight of the fish was 250 kg (550 lb), and it was lured using one kilogram of bait. In November 2013, a 310 kg (680 lb) grouper had been caught and sold to a hotel in
1810:
Schoelinck, C., Hinsinger, D. D., Dettaï, A., Cruaud, C. & Justine, J.-L. 2014: A phylogenetic re-analysis of groupers with applications for ciguatera fish poisoning. PLoS ONE, 9, e98198.
1678:
Munoz, R. C. and R. R. Warner. 2003. A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: Incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew. American
Naturalist 161:749-761.
355:
form a powerful vacuum that pulls their prey in from a distance. They also use their mouths to dig into sand to form their shelters under big rocks, jetting it out through their gills.
1630:
DeMartini, E. E., A. R. Everson and R. S. Nichols. 2011. Estimates of body sizes at maturation and sex change and the endemic
Hawaiian grouper's spawning seasonality and sex ratio (
1721:
Cribb, T. H., Bray, R. A., Wright, T. & Pichelin, S. 2002: The trematodes of groupers (Serranidae: Epinephelinae): knowledge, nature, and evolution. Parasitology, 124, S23-S42.
4983:
1712:
Molloy, P. P., N. B. Goodwin, I. M. Cote, J. D. Reynolds, and M. J. G. Gage. 2007. Sperm competition and sex change: A comparative analysis across fishes. Evolution 61:640-652.
298:, typically having a stout body and a large mouth. They are not built for long-distance, fast swimming. They can be quite large: in length, over a meter. The largest is the
1827:
3710:
1902:
6719:
1660:
Allsop, D. J. and S. A. West. 2003. Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish. Journal of
Evolutionary Biology 16:921-929.
6645:
6369:
4360:
286:
1579:
1775:"Fishing groupers towards extinction: a global assessment of threats and extinction risks in a billion dollar fishery: Fishing groupers to extinction"
6619:
1088:
of grouper species might help control
Ciguatera fish poisoning since fish are easily identified, even from meal remnants, with molecular tools.
6181:
1857:
1547:
6186:
3703:
1978:
1884:
1931:
250:
are referred to as "coral groupers". These genera are all classified in the subfamily
Epiphelinae. However, some of the hamlets (genus
4403:
4365:
2020:
1255:
1110:
in
January 2008. Shenzhen News in China reported that a 1.8 m (6 ft) grouper swallowed a 1.0 m (3 ft 3 in)
1065:. Unlike most other fish species, which are chilled or frozen, groupers are usually sold alive in markets. Many species are popular
577:
6671:
4157:
4081:
3696:
5154:
1648:
Sadovy, Y. and P. L. Colin. 1995. Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. Journal of Fish
Biology 46:961-976.
1589:
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1458:
48:
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6468:
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1216:
72:
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5897:
5240:
845:
6238:
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3341:
2417:
2304:
2086:
1690:
Kuwamura, T. 2004. Sex change in fishes: Its process and evolutionary mechanism. Zoological Science 21:1248-1248.
1348:
958:
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4823:
4678:
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3597:
3269:
3245:
3221:
2408:
2261:
1992:
1699:
Erisman, B. E., J. A. Rosales-Cassian and P. A. Hastings. 2008. There is evidence of gonochorism in a grouper,
299:
31:
1507:
John E. Randall; Kasumi Aida; Takashi Hibiya; Nobuhiro Mitsuura; Hisao Kamiya & Yoshiri Hashimoto (1971).
1117:
In September 2010, a Costa Rican newspaper reported a 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) grouper in Cieneguita,
3233:
2280:
2067:
6354:
6155:
4916:
4856:
3611:
3430:
3110:
3011:
2822:
2786:
2462:
1916:
1485:
770:
340:, while others are active predators. Reports of fatal attacks on humans by the largest species, such as the
56:
3353:
3317:
3281:
3164:
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6165:
6140:
6108:
4841:
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3583:
3569:
3322:
3293:
3186:
3146:
3119:
2813:
2750:
2606:
2435:
2426:
2313:
1509:"Grammistin, the skin toxin of soapfishes, and its significance in the classification of the Grammistidae"
1273:"Interspecific Communicative and Coordinated Hunting between Groupers and Giant Moray Eels in the Red Sea"
626:
3544:
3038:
3020:
2939:
2444:
6658:
6441:
6384:
6316:
6218:
5744:
4673:
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4332:
4295:
3791:
3781:
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2885:
2876:
2831:
2804:
2633:
2516:
2480:
2060:
2013:
869:
613:
472:
The species in the tribes Grammistini and Diploprionini secrete a mucus-like toxin in their skin called
259:
3065:
2741:
2696:
2597:
1330:
3358:
3346:
3250:
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2171:
6676:
6593:
6160:
6150:
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3786:
3329:
3305:
3137:
3029:
2759:
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2135:
1575:
1433:
1031:
573:
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2777:
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1972:
1103:
6704:
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6145:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
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5024:
5009:
4978:
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4846:
4322:
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3511:
3365:
3286:
3128:
3074:
3056:
2840:
2795:
2723:
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1111:
1098:
659:
531:
490:
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388:
359:
2894:
2322:
1861:
1175:
6584:
6493:
6133:
6023:
5824:
5147:
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5060:
4999:
4370:
4350:
3535:
3412:
3274:
3092:
2912:
2615:
2498:
2234:
2144:
2107:
2099:
1955:
1312:
788:
523:
399:
67:
6663:
2243:
2126:
1888:
4207:
2903:
981:
736:
6419:
6321:
5926:
5777:
5490:
5045:
5004:
4768:
4636:
4428:
3688:
3649:
3493:
3484:
3257:
2732:
2705:
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1896:
1584:
1543:
1304:
1251:
1197:
1118:
1107:
902:
692:
590:
560:
417:
306:) which has been weighed at 399 kilograms (880 pounds) and a length of 2.43 m (7 ft
6488:
6389:
6283:
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5699:
5625:
5610:
5560:
5121:
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4555:
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4389:
3631:
3370:
3262:
2453:
2399:
2344:
2006:
1811:
1786:
1732:
1294:
1284:
1187:
1070:
774:
732:
187:
4214:
6424:
6326:
5764:
5719:
5709:
5550:
5327:
5184:
5050:
5014:
4942:
4788:
4698:
4653:
4473:
4327:
4300:
4280:
4188:
3985:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3382:
3002:
2714:
2687:
2507:
2366:
2216:
2207:
1998:
1122:
516:
496:
337:
6394:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6043:
5917:
5605:
5430:
5395:
5370:
5362:
5307:
5272:
5085:
5075:
4947:
4901:
4876:
4833:
4733:
4663:
4483:
4315:
4290:
4193:
4178:
3906:
3866:
3801:
3729:
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3310:
3155:
3047:
2849:
2768:
2642:
2570:
2375:
2198:
2180:
2153:
1299:
1272:
1129:
765:
744:
536:
507:
149:
114:
6598:
5234:
1739:
1029:-associated groupers have about ten species of parasites per fish species. Species of
6693:
6611:
6529:
6436:
6341:
6256:
6228:
6078:
5978:
5829:
5792:
5679:
5585:
5580:
5555:
5415:
5400:
5214:
5199:
5140:
5029:
4866:
4723:
4668:
4305:
4183:
4173:
3955:
3950:
3878:
3851:
3796:
3502:
3475:
3403:
3334:
3298:
3179:
3101:
2984:
2624:
2588:
2543:
2534:
2117:
1790:
1774:
1145:
1085:
1036:
1022:
965:
756:
644:
598:
503:
398:
In Australia, "groper" is used instead of "grouper" for several species, such as the
341:
1462:
1316:
6458:
6446:
6414:
6298:
5983:
5922:
5847:
5645:
5482:
5470:
5380:
5277:
5189:
5019:
4896:
4793:
4783:
4420:
4253:
4243:
4147:
3970:
3896:
3738:
3559:
3421:
3394:
3226:
2357:
2337:
1362:
1062:
920:
820:
808:
718:
700:
677:
621:
608:
555:
546:
466:
462:
371:
246:
216:
5352:
1815:
1289:
1244:
6637:
6578:
6518:
6429:
6379:
6364:
6349:
6058:
6028:
5958:
5953:
5892:
5877:
5819:
5814:
5799:
5620:
5600:
5525:
5515:
5500:
5495:
5420:
5410:
5375:
5224:
5219:
5110:
4798:
4778:
4738:
4718:
4458:
4453:
4310:
4263:
4248:
4230:
3933:
3901:
3813:
3776:
3211:
2858:
2390:
2295:
1703:, from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Environmental Biology of Fishes 82:23-33.
1384:
1136:(USA), a big grouper took in one gulp a 4-foot shark that an angler had caught.
1055:
910:
887:
855:
812:
782:
705:
667:
634:
454:
426:
395:, which has been speculated to come from an indigenous South American language.
367:
210:
201:
194:
124:
6569:
1508:
1407:
6498:
6473:
5993:
5988:
5907:
5754:
5749:
5615:
5322:
5317:
5282:
4891:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4728:
4713:
4646:
4610:
4493:
4433:
4258:
4152:
4139:
4046:
3526:
2189:
2079:
1949:
1192:
1102:
reported a 180 kg (400 lb) grouper being caught off the waters near
1026:
897:
877:
840:
830:
796:
687:
585:
473:
333:
190:
134:
5941:
6311:
6033:
5931:
5912:
5882:
5734:
5694:
5660:
5630:
5565:
5390:
5312:
5292:
5249:
5179:
4932:
4886:
4803:
4743:
4565:
4542:
4523:
4503:
4031:
4018:
3975:
3761:
2043:
1271:
Bshary, Redouan; Hohner, Andrea; Ait-El-Djoudi, Karim; Fricke, Hans (2006).
1081:
1066:
1010:
986:
568:
519:
84:
1751:
1308:
1201:
1987:
1047:
480:
classifies these two groups as tribes within the subfamily Epinephelinae.
6563:
6483:
6478:
6288:
6038:
6018:
6013:
6003:
5998:
5867:
5857:
5809:
5772:
5575:
5530:
5465:
5435:
5385:
5297:
5287:
4881:
4773:
4748:
4498:
4468:
4463:
4438:
3998:
3965:
3918:
3913:
3841:
3771:
3746:
3623:
2867:
1736:
1553:
1074:
1002:
994:
969:
940:
930:
713:
442:
204:. The common name "grouper" is usually given to fish in one of two large
104:
370:
in hunting. Groupers are also one of the only animals that eat invasive
17:
6359:
6223:
6073:
6053:
5936:
5862:
5729:
5704:
5674:
5666:
5650:
5635:
5545:
5540:
5520:
5510:
5460:
5267:
5204:
5171:
5080:
4871:
4605:
4585:
4575:
4550:
4508:
4448:
4412:
4119:
4109:
4099:
4091:
4064:
4003:
3960:
3945:
3923:
3886:
3846:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3720:
3195:
2162:
1174:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
1133:
1018:
1006:
998:
864:
654:
438:
329:
321:
295:
6513:
5105:
1917:"Photos: Fishermen catch wildly huge 686-pound fish, sell it to hotel"
1344:
200:
Not all serranids are called "groupers"; the family also includes the
6048:
5948:
5902:
5887:
5803:
5782:
5724:
5714:
5684:
5570:
5455:
5445:
5302:
5257:
4808:
4708:
4595:
4590:
4285:
4114:
4104:
4069:
3938:
3928:
3751:
1014:
458:
412:
94:
6540:
1731:
biodiversity in coral reef fish. Folia Parasitologica, 57, 237-262.
6463:
6063:
6008:
5973:
5968:
5872:
5852:
5640:
5590:
5450:
5425:
5332:
5209:
4906:
4580:
4560:
4513:
4124:
4074:
4059:
4008:
3861:
3836:
3756:
3641:
1046:
980:
726:
434:
285:
205:
179:
1752:"Most consumers prefer to purchase live groupers in fish markets"
6068:
5689:
5595:
5505:
5440:
5342:
5337:
5262:
5163:
4518:
4443:
4238:
4054:
3993:
3856:
3766:
352:
325:
175:
6544:
5136:
4385:
3692:
2002:
1077:, though even the small species are inclined to grow rapidly.
5963:
5405:
5347:
5194:
4813:
4026:
3891:
1385:"Coastal fish – Hāpuku – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
406:). In New Zealand, "groper" refers to a type of wreckfish,
4381:
1958:
from the original on 13 November 2021 – via YouTube.
1331:"Study reveals grouper can help control lionfish invasion"
220:. In addition, the species classified in the small genera
1408:"State of grouper (lapu-lapu) culture in the Philippines"
5132:
1930:
Heather Alexander, Houston Chronicle (21 August 2014).
1932:"Gulf grouper swallows 4 foot shark in a single bite"
1773:
Samoilys, Melita A; Sanciangco, Jonnell (June 2013).
1516:
Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory
4984:
Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification
1536:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
1061:
Many groupers are important food fish; some are now
1039:
are typical of and especially numerous on groupers.
6553:
6405:
6340:
6297:
6249:
6209:
6174:
6094:
6087:
5838:
5763:
5659:
5481:
5361:
5248:
5170:
5038:
4992:
4966:
4925:
4832:
4697:
4629:
4541:
4419:
4229:
4166:
4138:
4090:
4045:
4017:
3984:
3877:
3812:
3737:
3728:
3657:
3639:
3621:
3557:
3524:
3392:
3209:
3193:
3177:
2388:
2355:
2335:
2115:
2097:
2077:
2041:
1634:, f. Epinephelidae). Fishery Bulletin 109:123-134.
1578:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1243:
499:containing a total of 32 genera and 234 species.
465:region. In Latin America, the fish is known as '
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1080:Groupers are commonly reported as a source of
1073:. Some species are small enough to be kept in
244:are also called "groupers". Fish in the genus
5148:
4397:
3704:
2014:
1973:The Ultimate Guide to Fly Fishing for Grouper
8:
1901:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1860:. Sznews.com. 30 March 2006. Archived from
1834:. Malaysia. 17 January 2008. Archived from
1686:
1684:
420:
6541:
6091:
5155:
5141:
5133:
4404:
4390:
4382:
3734:
3711:
3697:
3689:
2021:
2007:
1999:
1979:images and movies of the humpback grouper
1828:"Whopper of a grouper bought for RM10,000"
1531:
1529:
1250:(2 ed.). Princeton University Press.
461:', and is widely eaten, especially in the
47:
38:
1656:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1542:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 446–448.
1298:
1288:
1191:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1432:Eslao-Alix, Louella (1 September 2019).
1883:Diario La Extra 2010, Marvin Carvajal.
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1894:
1283:(12). Biology.plosjournals.org: e431.
6720:Cuisine of the Southern United States
1484:Carrington, Daisy (19 January 2009).
1176:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
7:
1580:"Genera in the family Epinephelinae"
495:the subfamily is divided up into 5
1951:Grouper eats 4ft shark in one bite
1114:at the Fuzhou Sea World aquarium.
989:parasitic on the gill of a grouper
429:, groupers are generally known as
25:
3203:Masked Grouper (G. albomarginata)
1333:. Biology.plosjournals.org. 2011.
993:Like other fish, groupers harbor
6524:
6523:
6512:
5239:
5233:
5116:
5115:
5104:
4912:
4911:
4819:
4818:
4684:
4683:
4532:
4220:
4213:
4206:
1986:
1791:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00455.x
488:According to the 5th edition of
266:), and some other small genera (
71:
1885:"Cayó el más mero en el Caribe"
1459:"Food and Drink – Local Dishes"
387:The word "grouper" is from the
1590:California Academy of Sciences
1461:. UAE Interact. Archived from
1242:Lieske, E.; Myers, R. (1999).
957:Groupers are mostly monandric
1:
6182:Countries by meat consumption
1387:. Teara.govt.nz. 2 March 2009
1363:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
6469:Non-vegetarian food in India
6187:Countries by meat production
1816:10.1371/journal.pone.0098198
1290:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040431
1035:, monogeneans of the family
6192:Food and drink prohibitions
4938:Fish diseases and parasites
3378:Hyporthodus septemfasciatus
964:However, some groupers are
882:Bloch & Schneider, 1801
603:Bloch & Schneider, 1801
366:) sometimes cooperate with
6736:
5231:
3187:Spanish flag (G. hispanus)
2409:Atlantic goliath grouper (
1434:"From Pugapo to Lapu-lapu"
959:protogynous hermaphrodites
29:
6507:
6234:Psychology of eating meat
5778:Black soldier fly maggots
5099:
5071:List of seafood companies
5056:Gathering seafood by hand
4530:
4346:
4204:
3605:Plectropomus pessuliferus
3598:Plectropomus oligacanthus
3342:Hyporthodus octofasciatus
3270:Hyporthodus flavolimbatus
3246:Hyporthodus ergastularius
2823:Pacific Goliath grouper (
2463:Blue and yellow grouper (
2314:Blue Spotted Sea Bass | (
1415:SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture
1349:Oxford English Dictionary
1193:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
410:, which goes by the name
364:Plectropomus pessuliferus
336:. Some species prefer to
162:
157:
68:Scientific classification
66:
55:
46:
41:
6307:Beef hormone controversy
4953:Scombroid food poisoning
3222:Hyporthodus acanthistius
3147:White-streaked grouper (
3111:White-blotched grouper (
2814:Orange-spotted grouper (
2787:Oblique-banded grouper (
1981:(Chromileptes altivelis)
457:, the fish is known as '
300:Atlantic goliath grouper
32:Grouper (disambiguation)
4857:List of raw fish dishes
3234:Hyporthodus darwinensis
3165:Yellowspotted grouper (
2967:Speckled blue grouper (
2481:Brown-marbled grouper (
2281:Cephalopholis polyspila
2068:Alphestes multiguttatus
1406:Kohno, Hiroshi (1988).
1021:. A study conducted in
453:name is kerapu. In the
404:Epinephelus lanceolatus
346:Epinephelus lanceolatus
61:Mycteroperca microlepis
6332:Water holding capacity
4842:List of seafood dishes
3612:Plectropomus punctatus
3591:Plectropomus maculatus
3584:Plectropomus leopardus
3570:Plectropomus areolatus
3294:Hyporthodus mystacinus
3138:Whitespotted grouper (
3120:White-dotted grouper (
2751:Multispotted grouper (
2490:Brownspotted grouper (
2436:Black-dotted grouper (
2427:Barred-chest grouper (
2136:Blue-Spotted Grouper (
1058:
990:
421:
324:. They habitually eat
291:
178:of any of a number of
6659:Paleobiology Database
6317:Feed conversion ratio
6219:Ethics of eating meat
4356:World fish production
3719:Principal commercial
3670:Variola albimarginata
3536:Pacific creole-fish (
3512:Yellowmouth grouper (
3354:Hyporthodus perplexus
3318:Hyporthodus niphobles
3282:Hyporthodus haifensis
3129:White-edged grouper (
3039:Striped-fin grouper (
3021:Starspotted grouper (
2940:Smallscaled grouper (
2445:Blacksaddle grouper (
2061:Alphestes immaculatus
1891:on 13 September 2010.
1858:"海底"血案":巨型石斑鱼一口吞下白鳍鲨"
1576:Eschmeyer, William N.
1217:"Epinephelus itajara"
1050:
984:
289:
6370:Environmental impact
4974:Seafood mislabelling
3413:Venezuelan grouper (
3330:Hyporthodus niveatus
3323:Star-studded grouper
3306:Hyporthodus nigritus
3140:E. coeruleopunctatus
3093:Wavy-lined grouper (
2994:Spinycheek grouper (
2913:Saddletail grouper (
2897:E. fasciatomaculosus
2886:Reticulate grouper (
2877:Red-tipped grouper (
2832:Palemargin grouper (
2805:One-blotch grouper (
2634:Goldblotch grouper (
2616:Foursaddle grouper (
2517:Clipperton grouper (
2499:Camouflage grouper (
2305:Strawberry grouper (
2235:Vermillion seabass (
1995:at Wikimedia Commons
1737:10.14411/fp.2010.032
1701:Mycteroperca rosacea
1488:. Time Out Abu Dhabi
1128:In August 2014, off
1096:Malaysian newspaper
1032:Pseudorhabdosynochus
408:Polyprion oxygeneios
360:roving coralgroupers
348:), are unconfirmed.
290:Anatomy of a grouper
254:), the hinds (genus
30:For other uses, see
5025:Pain in crustaceans
5010:Eating live seafood
4979:Sustainable seafood
4958:Shellfish poisoning
4862:List of tuna dishes
4852:List of fish dishes
4847:List of crab dishes
3577:Plectropomus laevis
3494:Yellowfin grouper (
3485:Broomtail grouper (
3366:Hyporthodus quernus
3066:Threespot grouper (
2825:E. quinquefasciatus
2742:Moustache grouper (
2733:Marquesan grouper (
2726:E. undulatostriatus
2706:Longtooth grouper (
2697:Longspine grouper (
2679:Hong Kong grouper (
2670:Honeycomb grouper (
2598:Duskytail grouper (
1632:Hyporthodus queries
1539:Fishes of the World
1112:whitetip reef shark
491:Fishes of the World
478:Fishes of the World
358:Research indicates
304:Epinephelus itajara
27:Subfamily of fishes
6494:Warmed-over flavor
6262:Semi-vegetarianism
5091:Seafood restaurant
5061:History of seafood
5000:Declawing of crabs
4371:Fisheries glossary
4361:Commercial species
4351:Commercial fishing
3739:Large pelagic fish
3275:Yellowedge grouper
3084:Twinspot grouper (
2976:Speckled grouper (
2949:Snubnose grouper (
2922:Seamount grouper (
2652:Halfmoon grouper (
2562:Dot-dash grouper (
2553:Dogtooth grouper (
2519:E. clippertonensis
2454:Blacktip grouper (
2400:Areolate grouper (
2345:Humpback grouper (
2172:Bluespotted hind (
2108:Aethaloperca rogaa
1954:. 19 August 2014.
1864:on 12 October 2017
1779:Fish and Fisheries
1486:"Handling hammour"
1215:Robert H. Robins.
1059:
1054:, a grouper-based
991:
945:J.L.B. Smith, 1953
445:they are known as
400:Queensland grouper
292:
158:Tribes and genera
6715:Fish common names
6687:
6686:
6547:Taxon identifiers
6538:
6537:
6205:
6204:
5130:
5129:
5122:Category: Seafood
5046:Fish preservation
5005:Eyestalk ablation
4967:Advisory services
4379:
4378:
4276:Freshwater prawns
4202:
4201:
3686:
3685:
3650:Triso dermopterus
3632:Saloptia powelli
3514:M. interstitialis
3467:Mottled grouper (
3458:Leopard grouper (
3449:Sawtail grouper (
3440:Sailfin grouper (
3258:Hyporthodus exsul
3131:E. albomarginatus
3077:E. chlorocephalus
3030:Striped grouper (
3003:Spotted grouper (
2760:Mystery grouper (
2715:Malabar grouper (
2688:Longfin grouper (
2661:Highfin grouper (
2607:Epaulet grouper (
2508:Catface grouper (
2472:Bridled grouper (
2465:E. flavocaeruleus
2367:marbled grouper (
2287:Six-blotch hind (
2262:Pacific Graysby (
2253:Vermilion hind (
2217:Leopard grouper (
2208:Neptune grouper (
2199:Yellowfin hind (
2089:A. leucogrammicus
2087:slender grouper (
2036:
1991:Media related to
1936:Houston Chronicle
1585:Catalog of Fishes
1549:978-1-118-34233-6
1246:Coral Reef Fishes
1108:Strait of Malacca
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
893:
883:
873:
860:
849:
836:
826:
816:
802:
792:
778:
761:
750:
740:
722:
709:
696:
683:
673:
663:
650:
640:
630:
617:
604:
594:
581:
564:
551:
540:
527:
511:
351:Their mouths and
338:ambush their prey
182:in the subfamily
169:
168:
153:
16:(Redirected from
6727:
6680:
6679:
6667:
6666:
6654:
6653:
6641:
6640:
6638:NHMSYS0021053396
6628:
6627:
6615:
6614:
6602:
6601:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6542:
6527:
6526:
6517:
6516:
6489:Roadkill cuisine
6284:Meat alternative
6279:Plant-based diet
6197:Meat substitutes
6092:
5243:
5237:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5134:
5119:
5118:
5109:
5108:
5066:History of sushi
4915:
4914:
4822:
4821:
4687:
4686:
4679:List of seafoods
4536:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4383:
4224:
4217:
4210:
3792:southern bluefin
3782:Atlantic bluefin
3735:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3690:
3371:Hawaiian grouper
3359:Puzzling grouper
3347:Eightbar grouper
3263:Tenspine grouper
3251:Sevenbar grouper
3156:Yellow grouper (
3048:Summan grouper (
3032:E. latifasciatus
3012:Starry grouper (
2958:Somali grouper (
2931:Sixbar grouper (
2850:Potato grouper (
2778:Netfin grouper (
2769:Nassau grouper (
2762:E. lebretonianus
2643:Greasy grouper (
2580:Dungat grouper (
2571:Dotted grouper (
2526:Cloudy grouper (
2501:E. polyphekadion
2483:E. fuscoguttatus
2420:E. amblycephalus
2418:Banded grouper (
2376:smooth grouper (
2210:C. igarashiensis
2181:Bluelined hind (
2154:Chocolate hind (
2034:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1990:
1960:
1959:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1887:. Archived from
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1824:
1818:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1679:
1676:
1661:
1658:
1649:
1646:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1552:. Archived from
1533:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:. Etymonline.com
1359:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1302:
1292:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1249:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1223:. Florida Museum
1212:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1171:
1084:fish poisoning.
944:
934:
924:
914:
901:
891:
881:
868:
858:
844:
834:
824:
811:
800:
786:
769:
759:
748:
730:
717:
704:
691:
681:
671:
658:
648:
638:
625:
612:
602:
589:
572:
559:
549:
535:
522:
506:
424:
319:
318:
314:
311:
148:
76:
75:
51:
39:
21:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6710:Commercial fish
6690:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6675:
6670:
6662:
6657:
6649:
6644:
6636:
6631:
6623:
6618:
6610:
6605:
6597:
6592:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6549:
6539:
6534:
6519:Food portal
6511:
6503:
6425:Case-ready meat
6407:
6401:
6375:Factory farming
6336:
6293:
6245:
6211:
6201:
6170:
6083:
5840:
5834:
5759:
5664:
5655:
5477:
5357:
5328:Lamb and mutton
5244:
5238:
5229:
5166:
5161:
5131:
5126:
5111:Food portal
5103:
5095:
5051:Fish processing
5034:
5015:Live fish trade
4988:
4962:
4943:Mercury in fish
4921:
4828:
4789:Shark liver oil
4700:
4693:
4625:
4537:
4528:
4415:
4410:
4380:
4375:
4342:
4281:Gilt-head bream
4225:
4219:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4198:
4189:Lobster fishing
4162:
4134:
4086:
4041:
4019:Other wild fish
4013:
3986:Freshwater fish
3980:
3873:
3808:
3787:Pacific bluefin
3724:
3717:
3687:
3682:
3653:
3635:
3617:
3553:
3520:
3503:Scamp grouper (
3476:Tiger grouper (
3404:Black grouper (
3388:
3383:Convict grouper
3205:
3189:
3173:
3113:E. multinotatus
3102:White grouper (
3075:Tonga grouper (
3068:E. trimaculatus
3057:Surge grouper (
2987:E. drummondhayi
2985:Speckled hind (
2978:E. magniscuttis
2960:E. indistinctus
2933:E. sexfasciatus
2924:E. suborbitalis
2906:E. adscensionis
2888:E. tuamotuensis
2841:Plump grouper (
2807:E. melanostigma
2796:Olive grouper (
2724:Maori grouper (
2625:Giant grouper (
2589:Dusky grouper (
2564:E. poecilonotus
2544:Coral grouper (
2535:Comet grouper (
2492:E. chlorostigma
2384:
2351:
2331:
2323:Darkfin hind (
2226:Freckled hind (
2111:
2093:
2073:
2037:
2027:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1893:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1664:
1659:
1652:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1556:on 8 April 2019
1550:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1522:(2/3): 157–190.
1511:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1438:Cebu Daily News
1431:
1430:
1426:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1173:
1172:
1159:
1154:
1142:
1094:
1045:
1025:has shown that
979:
955:
486:
437:, while in the
385:
380:
316:
312:
309:
307:
284:
193:, in the order
147:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6733:
6731:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6692:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6668:
6655:
6642:
6629:
6616:
6603:
6590:
6575:
6559:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6530:Category: Meat
6521:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6422:
6417:
6411:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6395:Slaughterhouse
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6346:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6303:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6272:Pollotarianism
6269:
6267:Pescetarianism
6259:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6215:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6178:
6176:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6100:
6098:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5929:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5137:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5113:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5086:Salmon cannery
5083:
5078:
5076:Pescetarianism
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5039:Related topics
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4993:Animal welfare
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4948:Metagonimiasis
4945:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4927:
4926:Health hazards
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4904:
4902:Shark fin soup
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4877:Fish and chips
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4834:Seafood dishes
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4734:Fermented fish
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4642:Marine mammals
4639:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4366:Fishing topics
4363:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4194:Shrimp fishery
4191:
4186:
4181:
4179:Crab fisheries
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3971:Smelt-whitings
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3907:Alaska pollock
3904:
3899:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:species groups
3718:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3663:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3563:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3422:Gulf grouper (
3419:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3374:
3362:
3350:
3338:
3326:
3314:
3311:Warsaw grouper
3302:
3290:
3278:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3239:Darwin grouper
3230:
3217:
3215:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3063:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3023:E. hexagonatus
3018:
3014:E. labriformis
3009:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2955:
2951:E. macrospilos
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2895:Rock grouper (
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2717:E. malabaricus
2712:
2703:
2699:E. longispinis
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2627:E. lanceolatus
2622:
2618:E. spilotoceps
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2546:E. corallicola
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2307:C. spiloparaea
2302:
2293:
2289:C. sexmaculata
2284:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2255:C. oligosticta
2250:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2201:C. hemistiktos
2196:
2187:
2178:
2174:C. cyanostigma
2169:
2160:
2151:
2145:Golden hind (
2142:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2054:Alphestes afer
2049:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1975:
1968:
1967:External links
1965:
1962:
1961:
1941:
1922:
1908:
1875:
1849:
1819:
1803:
1785:(2): 119–136.
1764:
1743:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1692:
1680:
1662:
1650:
1636:
1623:
1602:
1567:
1548:
1525:
1499:
1476:
1465:on 5 July 2017
1450:
1424:
1398:
1376:
1354:
1336:
1322:
1263:
1256:
1234:
1207:
1186:(2): 001–230.
1156:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1130:Bonita Springs
1104:Pulau Sembilan
1093:
1090:
1044:
1041:
978:
975:
954:
951:
950:
949:
948:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
894:
884:
874:
852:
851:
850:
837:
827:
805:
804:
803:
793:
779:
766:Aulacocephalus
753:
752:
751:
749:Swainson, 1839
741:
723:
710:
697:
684:
674:
664:
651:
641:
631:
618:
605:
595:
582:
565:
543:
542:
541:
485:
484:Classification
482:
418:Māori language
384:
381:
379:
376:
283:
280:
167:
166:
160:
159:
155:
154:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
115:Actinopterygii
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6732:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6700:Epinephelinae
6698:
6697:
6695:
6678:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6612:Epinephelinae
6608:
6604:
6600:
6599:Epinephelinae
6595:
6591:
6586:
6585:Epinephelinae
6580:
6576:
6571:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6555:Epinephelinae
6552:
6548:
6543:
6531:
6522:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6509:
6506:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6437:Cultured meat
6435:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6404:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6342:Meat industry
6339:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6257:Vegetarianism
6255:
6254:
6252:
6248:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6229:Animal rights
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6088:List articles
6086:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5989:Luncheon meat
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5662:
5658:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5586:Pacific saury
5584:
5582:
5581:Orange roughy
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5158:
5153:
5151:
5146:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5123:
5114:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5030:Shark finning
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Cod liver oil
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:Other seafood
4628:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4395:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Krill fishery
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4174:Cod fisheries
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4148:Sea cucumbers
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:Orange roughy
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3879:Demersal fish
3876:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3677:Variola louti
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3545:Creole-fish (
3543:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3433:M. microlepis
3431:Gag grouper (
3429:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:Snowy grouper
3332:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:Misty grouper
3296:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:Haifa grouper
3284:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:Gonioplectrus
3176:
3170:
3168:
3167:E. timorensis
3163:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3122:E. polystigma
3118:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2996:E. diacanthus
2992:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2969:E. cyanopodus
2965:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2859:Red grouper (
2857:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2798:E. cifuentesi
2794:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2753:E. gabriellae
2749:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2609:E. stoliczkae
2605:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2591:E. marginatus
2587:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2573:E. epistictus
2569:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2528:E. erythrurus
2524:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2378:D. striolata
2374:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2296:Tomato hind (
2294:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2264:C. panamensis
2260:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2228:C. microprion
2224:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2118:Cephalopholis
2114:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2031:Epinephelinae
2024:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1994:
1993:Epinephelinae
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1919:. 3 May 2022.
1918:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1838:on 8 May 2008
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1765:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1257:0-691-02659-9
1253:
1248:
1247:
1238:
1235:
1222:
1221:Discover Fish
1218:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1147:
1146:Dusky grouper
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1086:DNA barcoding
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1037:Diplectanidae
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1023:New Caledonia
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
988:
983:
976:
974:
971:
967:
966:gonochoristic
962:
960:
952:
943:
942:
938:
933:
932:
928:
925:Bleeker, 1875
923:
922:
918:
913:
912:
908:
904:
900:
899:
895:
890:
889:
885:
880:
879:
875:
871:
867:
866:
862:
861:
859:Bleeker, 1857
857:
853:
847:
843:
842:
838:
833:
832:
828:
825:Günther, 1880
823:
822:
818:
817:
814:
810:
806:
799:
798:
794:
790:
787:Fowler &
785:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
763:
762:
760:Bleeker, 1874
758:
757:Diploprionini
754:
747:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:
685:
680:
679:
675:
670:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:
652:
647:
646:
645:Gonioplectrus
642:
637:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:
606:
601:
600:
599:Cephalopholis
596:
592:
588:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:
566:
562:
558:
557:
553:
552:
550:Bleeker, 1874
548:
544:
538:
534:
533:
529:
528:
525:
521:
518:
515:
514:
513:
509:
505:
504:Epinephelinae
500:
498:
494:
492:
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
419:
415:
414:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
382:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
342:giant grouper
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
305:
301:
297:
294:Groupers are
288:
281:
279:
277:
273:
269:
268:Gonioplectrus
265:
261:
257:
256:Cephalopholis
253:
249:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:
213:
212:
207:
203:
198:
196:
192:
189:
185:
184:Epinephelinae
181:
177:
173:
165:
161:
156:
151:
146:
145:Epinephelinae
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6554:
6459:Mystery meat
6415:Arachnophagy
6355:Branch house
6322:Preservation
6299:Meat science
6250:Alternatives
6239:Meat paradox
6161:Smoked foods
5800:Grasshoppers
5745:Sea cucumber
5740:Shrimp/prawn
5535:
5020:Pain in fish
4897:Seafood boil
4794:Shrimp paste
4784:Salted squid
4659:Sea cucumber
4601:Prawn/Shrimp
4306:salmon trout
3675:
3668:
3658:
3648:
3640:
3630:
3622:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3560:Plectropomus
3558:
3547:P. furcifer
3546:
3537:
3525:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3468:
3459:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3414:
3405:
3395:Mycteroperca
3393:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3227:Rooster hind
3220:
3210:
3194:
3178:
3166:
3157:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3095:E. undulosus
3094:
3086:E. bilobatus
3085:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2942:E. polylepis
2941:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2834:E. bontoides
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2735:E. irroratus
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2663:E. maculatus
2662:
2654:E. rivulatus
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2582:E. goreensis
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2510:E. andersoni
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2474:E. heniochus
2473:
2464:
2456:E. fasciatus
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2402:E. areolatus
2401:
2389:
2377:
2368:
2358:Dermatolepis
2356:
2347:C. altivelis
2346:
2338:Chromileptes
2336:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2298:C. sonnerati
2297:
2288:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2244:Niger hind (
2236:
2227:
2219:C. leopardus
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2165:C. cruentata
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2127:Rusty hind (
2116:
2106:
2100:Aethaloperca
2098:
2088:
2078:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2042:
2030:
1980:
1950:
1944:
1935:
1925:
1911:
1889:the original
1878:
1868:11 September
1866:. Retrieved
1862:the original
1852:
1842:11 September
1840:. Retrieved
1836:the original
1831:
1822:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1782:
1778:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1746:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1631:
1626:
1593:. Retrieved
1583:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1538:
1519:
1515:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:the original
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:
1427:
1418:
1414:
1401:
1391:11 September
1389:. Retrieved
1379:
1369:11 September
1367:. Retrieved
1357:
1339:
1325:
1280:
1277:PLOS Biology
1276:
1266:
1245:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1220:
1210:
1183:
1179:
1127:
1116:
1097:
1095:
1079:
1060:
1052:Gulai kerapu
1051:
1030:
997:, including
992:
963:
956:
953:Reproduction
939:
935:Cuvier, 1829
929:
921:Pseudogramma
919:
915:Günther 1859
909:
896:
892:Schultz 1953
886:
876:
863:
839:
829:
821:Bathyanthias
819:
809:Liopropomini
801:Cuvier, 1828
795:
781:
764:
743:
725:
719:J.L.B. Smith
712:
701:Plectropomus
699:
686:
678:Mycteroperca
676:
666:
653:
643:
633:
622:Dermatolepis
620:
609:Chromileptes
607:
597:
584:
567:
556:Aethaloperca
554:
547:Epinephelini
530:
501:
489:
487:
477:
471:
463:Persian Gulf
446:
430:
411:
407:
403:
397:
392:
386:
372:red lionfish
368:giant morays
363:
357:
350:
345:
303:
293:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
251:
247:Plectropomus
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:Dermatolepis
229:
225:
221:
217:Mycteroperca
215:
209:
199:
183:
171:
170:
163:
144:
60:
36:
6579:Wikispecies
6442:Entomophagy
6430:Meat diaper
6420:Cannibalism
6096:Meat dishes
5878:Charcuterie
5841:preparation
5825:Mopane worm
5815:Mezcal worm
4799:Smoked fish
4779:Salted fish
4739:Fish fillet
4719:Canned fish
4616:Crustaceans
4611:Sea urchins
4140:Echinoderms
4047:Crustaceans
3814:Forage fish
3496:M. venenosa
3487:M. xenarcha
3451:M. prionura
3212:Hyporthodus
3059:E. socialis
3005:E. analogus
2915:E. daemelii
2904:Rock hind (
2870:E. guttatus
2816:E. coioides
2789:E. radiatus
2780:E. miliaris
2771:E. striatus
2744:E. chabaudi
2690:E. quoyanus
2600:E. bleekeri
2447:E. howlandi
2429:E. faveatus
2391:Epinephelus
2316:C. taeniops
2147:C. aurantia
1796:13 February
1443:11 February
1071:sea-angling
1056:Padang food
1011:monogeneans
911:Pogonoperca
888:Grammistops
856:Grammistini
783:Belonoperca
668:Hyporthodus
639:Bloch, 1793
635:Epinephelus
524:D.S. Jordan
512:(groupers)
455:Middle East
427:Philippines
378:Systematics
334:crustaceans
282:Description
226:Cromileptes
211:Epinephelus
195:Perciformes
141:Subfamily:
125:Perciformes
57:Gag grouper
6705:Serranidae
6694:Categories
6499:White meat
6474:Pink slime
6452:Artificial
6327:Tenderness
6212:psychology
6210:Ethics and
6044:Salt-cured
5750:Sea urchin
5318:Guinea pig
4892:Fried fish
4769:Fish stock
4764:Fish steak
4759:Fish paste
4754:Fish sauce
4729:Cured fish
4714:Dried fish
4434:Barramundi
4153:Sea urchin
3538:P. colonus
3527:Paranthias
3460:M. rosacea
3424:M. jordani
3050:E. summana
3041:E. posteli
2879:E. retouti
2868:Red hind (
2843:E. trophis
2708:E. bruneus
2645:E. tauvina
2555:E. caninus
2537:E. morrhua
2438:E. stictus
2411:E. itajara
2369:D. inermis
2325:C. urodeta
2273:C. polleni
2237:C. miniata
2183:C. formosa
2163:Graysby (
2080:Anyperodon
2035:(Groupers)
1621:174:83-99.
1345:"s.v. (?)"
1152:References
1043:Modern use
1027:coral reef
987:monogenean
898:Jeboehlkia
878:Grammistes
841:Rainfordia
835:Gill, 1861
831:Liopropoma
797:Diploprion
688:Paranthias
682:Gill, 1862
672:Gill, 1861
649:Gill, 1862
586:Anyperodon
502:Subfamily
474:grammistin
451:Indonesian
425:). In the
416:(from the
389:Portuguese
276:Paranthias
222:Anyperidon
202:sea basses
191:Serranidae
135:Serranidae
6390:Slaughter
6312:Drip loss
6034:Rillettes
5994:Marinated
5932:Forcemeat
5918:Fermented
5858:Barbecued
5830:Palm grub
5661:Shellfish
5631:Swordfish
5566:Mahi Mahi
5396:Crocodile
5371:Alligator
5250:Livestock
5180:Cassowary
4933:Ciguatera
4887:Fish soup
4804:Stockfish
4744:Fish head
4699:Processed
4637:Jellyfish
4543:Shellfish
4524:Whitebait
4504:Swordfish
4167:Fisheries
4032:Whitebait
3976:Toothfish
3802:yellowfin
3762:Swordfish
3505:M. phenax
3478:M. tigris
3406:M. bonaci
3158:E. awoara
3104:E. aeneus
2852:E. tukula
2681:E. akaara
2636:E. costae
2156:C. boenak
2044:Alphestes
1977:ARKive –
1492:12 August
1469:12 August
1421:(2): 4–9.
1125:, China.
1082:ciguatera
1067:game fish
1003:nematodes
999:digeneans
995:parasites
977:Parasites
846:McCulloch
789:B.A. Bean
731:Randall,
693:Guichenot
578:Schneider
569:Alphestes
520:Niphonini
431:lapu-lapu
383:Etymology
330:octopuses
260:lyretails
252:Alphestes
164:See text
91:Kingdom:
85:Eukaryota
6570:Q5559352
6564:Wikidata
6484:Red meat
6479:Raw meat
6408:subjects
6289:Veganism
6156:Meatball
6019:Pemmican
6004:Meatloaf
5999:Meatball
5839:Cuts and
5820:Silkworm
5810:Mealworm
5788:Crickets
5700:Crayfish
5680:Calamari
5576:Milkfish
5561:Mackerel
5556:Kingfish
5531:Flounder
5431:Pangolin
5416:Kangaroo
5401:Elephant
5386:Bushmeat
4882:Fish pie
4774:Lutefisk
4749:Fish oil
4621:Molluscs
4606:Scallops
4571:Crayfish
4499:Sturgeon
4479:Mackerel
4469:Flounder
4464:Flatfish
4439:Billfish
4323:Scallops
4301:Atlantic
4120:Scallops
4092:Molluscs
3999:Sturgeon
3966:Rockfish
3919:flounder
3914:Flatfish
3897:Atlantic
3867:european
3847:Sardines
3842:Menhaden
3797:skipjack
3772:albacore
3747:Mackerel
3624:Saloptia
3469:M. rubra
3442:M. olfax
3149:E. ongus
2861:E. morio
2672:E. merra
2246:C. nigri
2192:C. fulva
2138:C. argus
2129:C. aitha
2033:species
1956:Archived
1897:cite web
1832:The Star
1757:29 April
1317:14006488
1309:17147471
1202:25543675
1140:See also
1123:Dongyuan
1099:The Star
1019:copepods
1007:cestodes
970:testicle
941:Suttonia
931:Rypticus
775:Schlegel
771:Temminck
714:Saloptia
614:Swainson
443:Mindanao
296:teleosts
238:Saloptia
234:Graciela
172:Groupers
131:Family:
105:Chordata
101:Phylum:
95:Animalia
81:Domain:
42:Grouper
18:Groupers
6447:Marbled
6406:Related
6385:Packing
6360:Butcher
6224:Carnism
6166:Sausage
6141:Seafood
6109:Chicken
6079:Tartare
6074:Tandoor
6054:Sausage
6039:Roasted
6024:Poached
6014:Pickled
5937:Cretons
5927:supreme
5868:Braised
5863:Biltong
5765:Insects
5730:Scallop
5720:Octopus
5710:Lobster
5705:Dolphin
5675:Abalone
5667:seafood
5651:Walleye
5636:Tilapia
5611:Sardine
5601:Pollock
5551:Herring
5546:Halibut
5541:Haddock
5536:Grouper
5521:Crappie
5511:Catfish
5491:Anchovy
5461:Venison
5278:Buffalo
5268:Beefalo
5205:Ostrich
5185:Chicken
5172:Poultry
5081:Raw bar
4917:more...
4872:Chowder
4824:more...
4701:seafood
4689:more...
4664:Seaweed
4654:Octopus
4596:Oysters
4591:Mussels
4586:Lobster
4576:Geoduck
4556:Cockles
4551:Abalone
4509:Tilapia
4489:Sardine
4474:Herring
4449:Catfish
4429:Anchovy
4413:Seafood
4338:Tilapia
4328:Seaweed
4316:chinook
4291:Oysters
4286:Mussels
4271:Catfish
4254:crucian
4244:bighead
4158:more...
4130:more...
4115:Oysters
4110:Octopus
4105:Mussels
4100:Abalone
4082:more...
4065:Lobster
4037:more...
4004:Tilapia
3961:Pollock
3946:Haddock
3924:halibut
3902:Pacific
3887:Catfish
3832:Herring
3827:Capelin
3822:Anchovy
3721:fishery
3660:Variola
3415:M. cidi
3196:Gracila
2190:Coney (
2029:Extant
1300:1750927
1180:Zootaxa
1134:Florida
1106:in the
1075:aquaria
1015:isopods
870:Schultz
865:Aporops
745:Variola
733:Johnson
660:Randall
655:Gracila
591:Günther
508:Bleeker
459:hammour
439:Visayas
393:garoupa
322:pharynx
315:⁄
264:Variola
262:(genus
258:), the
186:of the
150:Bleeker
121:Order:
111:Class:
6677:151758
6664:250615
6651:274794
6625:551018
6528:
6380:Jobber
6365:Cutter
6350:Broker
6151:Steaks
6069:Stewed
6059:Smoked
6049:Salumi
6029:Potted
5979:Kidney
5959:Ground
5954:Frozen
5923:Fillet
5903:Cutlet
5893:Corned
5888:Confit
5873:Burger
5804:locust
5783:Cicada
5725:Oyster
5715:Mussel
5685:Chiton
5665:other
5606:Salmon
5571:Marlin
5456:Turtle
5446:Rabbit
5421:Monkey
5411:Iguana
5353:Żubroń
5308:Snails
5303:Donkey
5258:Alpaca
5225:Turkey
5210:Pigeon
5120:
4867:Bisque
4809:Surimi
4709:Caviar
4484:Salmon
4333:Shrimp
4296:Salmon
4264:silver
4249:common
4231:Farmed
4075:Prawns
4070:Shrimp
3951:Mullet
3939:turbot
3929:plaice
3777:bigeye
3752:Salmon
1595:8 June
1560:8 June
1546:
1315:
1307:
1297:
1254:
1227:8 June
1200:
1063:farmed
1017:, and
905:, 1967
903:Robins
872:, 1943
854:Tribe
848:, 1923
815:, 1867
807:Tribe
791:, 1930
777:, 1843
773:&
755:Tribe
739:, 1989
735:&
721:, 1964
708:, 1817
695:, 1868
662:, 1964
629:, 1861
616:, 1839
593:, 1859
580:, 1801
576:&
563:, 1904
561:Fowler
545:Tribe
539:, 1828
537:Cuvier
532:Niphon
526:, 1923
510:, 1874
497:tribes
449:. Its
447:pugapo
422:hāpuku
413:hapuka
391:name,
332:, and
272:Niphon
240:, and
206:genera
188:family
180:genera
152:, 1874
6672:WoRMS
6464:Offal
6175:Other
6064:Steak
6009:Offal
5984:Liver
5974:Kebab
5969:Jerky
5949:Fried
5908:Dried
5898:Cured
5853:Bacon
5793:Flour
5755:Whale
5641:Trout
5616:Shark
5591:Perch
5451:Snake
5426:Mouse
5333:Llama
5323:Horse
5283:Camel
5273:Bison
5215:Quail
5200:Goose
4907:Sushi
4674:Algae
4669:Squid
4647:Whale
4581:Krill
4561:Conch
4514:Trout
4494:Shark
4259:grass
4125:Squid
4060:Krill
4009:Trout
3862:Sprat
3852:Saury
3837:Ilish
3757:Shark
3642:Triso
1512:(PDF)
1411:(PDF)
1313:S2CID
1119:Limón
727:Triso
574:Bloch
517:Tribe
435:Luzon
353:gills
242:Triso
6646:NCBI
6620:ITIS
6146:Veal
6129:Pork
6124:Lamb
6119:Goat
6114:Fish
6104:Beef
5942:Pâté
5883:Chop
5848:Aged
5773:Ants
5735:Seal
5695:Crab
5690:Clam
5646:Tuna
5626:Swai
5621:Sole
5596:Pike
5506:Carp
5501:Bass
5496:Basa
5483:Fish
5471:Wolf
5441:Hare
5391:Boar
5381:Bear
5363:Game
5343:Veal
5338:Pork
5313:Frog
5293:Goat
5263:Beef
5220:Rhea
5190:Duck
5164:Meat
4566:Crab
4519:Tuna
4444:Carp
4421:Fish
4311:coho
4239:Carp
4055:Crab
3994:Carp
3934:sole
3857:Shad
3767:Tuna
3730:Wild
1903:link
1870:2010
1844:2010
1798:2023
1759:2011
1597:2020
1562:2020
1544:ISBN
1494:2011
1471:2011
1445:2021
1393:2010
1371:2010
1305:PMID
1252:ISBN
1229:2020
1198:PMID
1184:3882
1092:Size
1069:for
813:Poey
737:Lowe
706:Pken
627:Gill
467:mero
441:and
326:fish
214:and
176:fish
174:are
6633:NBN
6607:AFD
6594:ADW
6134:Ham
5964:Ham
5913:Dum
5663:and
5526:Eel
5516:Cod
5466:Dog
5436:Rat
5406:Fox
5376:Bat
5348:Yak
5298:Dog
5288:Cat
5195:Emu
4814:Roe
4459:Eel
4454:Cod
4027:Eel
3892:Cod
1812:doi
1787:doi
1740:PDF
1733:doi
1520:XIX
1295:PMC
1285:doi
1188:doi
1132:in
469:'.
433:in
6696::
6674::
6661::
6648::
6635::
6622::
6609::
6596::
6581::
6566::
3435:)
3408:)
1934:.
1899:}}
1895:{{
1830:.
1783:14
1781:.
1777:.
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1665:^
1653:^
1639:^
1605:^
1588:.
1582:.
1528:^
1518:.
1514:.
1436:.
1419:10
1417:.
1413:.
1347:.
1311:.
1303:.
1293:.
1279:.
1275:.
1219:.
1196:.
1182:.
1178:.
1160:^
1013:,
1009:,
1005:,
1001:,
985:A
374:.
328:,
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274:,
270:,
236:,
232:,
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224:,
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197:.
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