1096:, and they give rise to a number of different structures in the skeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems. The structure of the pharynx varies across the vertebrates. It differs in dogs, horses, and ruminants. In dogs, a single duct connects the nasopharynx to the nasal cavity. The tonsils are a compact mass that points away from the lumen of the pharynx. In the horse, the auditory tube opens into the guttural pouch and the tonsils are diffuse and raised slightly. Horses are unable to breathe through the mouth as the free apex of the rostral epiglottis lies dorsal to the soft palate in a normal horse. In
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711:) pathways. At that point, the laryngopharynx is continuous with the esophagus posteriorly. The esophagus conducts food and fluids to the stomach; air enters the larynx anteriorly. During swallowing, food has the "right of way", and air passage temporarily stops. Corresponding roughly to the area located between the 4th and 6th
863:
is an anatomical term collectively describing the annular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx. Waldeyer's ring circumscribes the naso- and oropharynx, with some of its tonsillar tissue located above and some below the soft palate (and to the back of the oral cavity). It is believed that
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613:; the lateral wall is made up of the tonsil, tonsillar fossa, and tonsillar (faucial) pillars; the superior wall consists of the inferior surface of the soft palate and the uvula. Because both food and air pass through the pharynx, a flap of connective tissue called the
515:, which connects the middle ear to the pharynx, opens into the nasopharynx at the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube. The opening and closing of the auditory tubes serves to equalize the barometric pressure in the middle ear with that of the ambient atmosphere.
1163:, it first bites normally with its oral jaws, capturing the prey. Immediately thereafter, the pharyngeal jaws are brought forward and bite down on the prey to grip it; they then retract, pulling the prey down the eel's esophagus, allowing it to be swallowed.
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All vertebrates have a pharynx, used in both feeding and respiration. The pharynx arises during development in all vertebrates through a series of six or more outpocketings on the lateral sides of the head. These outpocketings are
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part of the pharynx; it is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus. It lies inferior to the epiglottis and extends to the location where this common pathway diverges into the respiratory (
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worm is a muscular food pump in the head, triangular in cross-section, that grinds food and transports it directly to the intestines. A one-way valve connects the pharynx to the excretory canal.
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Waldeyer's ring prevents the invasion of microorganisms from going into the air and food passages and this helps in the defense mechanism of the respiratory and alimentary systems.
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723:, postcricoid area, and the posterior pharyngeal wall. Like the oropharynx above it, the laryngopharynx serves as a passageway for food and air and is lined with a
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respectively). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its structure varies across species. The pharynx carries food to the esophagus and air to the
201:
1319:
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669:) are part of the normal oropharyngeal flora, which grow slowly, prefer a carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere, and share an enhanced capacity to produce
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who also share endodermal outpocketings of the pharyngeal apparatus. Similar patterns of gene expression can be detected in the developing pharynx of
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Morpeth S, Murdoch D, Cabell CH, Karchmer AW, Pappas P, Levine D, et al. (December 2007). "Non-HACEK gram-negative bacillus endocarditis".
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1989:
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The anterior fold of the torus is made by a few delicate fibers of muscle which I have referred to the muscle as the salpingopalatine muscle.
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564:, a smaller fold, in front of the salpingopharyngeal fold, extending from the superior part of the torus to the palate and containing the
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also termed "Arnold's nerve" which also supplies the external auditory canal, thus laryngopharyngeal cancer can result in referred
1628:"Real-time PCR investigation into the importance of Fusobacterium necrophorum as a cause of acute pharyngitis in general practice"
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contained within the pharynx of many species of fish, distinct from the primary (oral) jaws. Pharyngeal jaws have been studied in
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is an annular arrangement of lymphoid tissue in both the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The nasopharynx is lined by
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Elzinga RJ (October 1998). "Microspines in the alimentary canal of arthropoda, onychophora, annelida".
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Pharyngitis is the painful swelling of the throat. The oropharynx shown here is very inflamed and red.
553:, a vertical fold of mucous membrane extending from the inferior part of the torus and containing the
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1771:, Wainwright PC (September 2007). "Raptorial jaws in the throat help moray eels swallow large prey".
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Pharyngeal arches are characteristic features of vertebrates whose origin can be traced back through
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1824:"Are the supportive structures of the tardigrade pharynx homologous throughout the entire group?"
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Aliyu SH, Marriott RK, Curran MD, Parmar S, Bentley N, Brown NM, et al. (October 2004).
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Upper respiratory system, with the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx labeled at left
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can obstruct the nasopharynx, as can congestion due to an upper respiratory infection. The
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Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube that elevates the
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The pharynx moves food from the mouth to the esophagus. It also moves air from the
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The upper portion of the pharynx, the nasopharynx, extends from the base of the
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the tonsils are a compact mass that points towards the lumen of the pharynx.
625:. The oropharynx is lined by non-keratinized squamous stratified epithelium.
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Clinical Head and Neck and
Functional Neuroscience Course Notes, 2008-2009,
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537:, somewhat triangular in shape and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the
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Simkins CS (November 1943). "Functional anatomy of the
Eustachian tube".
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Microscopic cross section through the pharynx of a larva from an unknown
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1927:, Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary at Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
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429:). The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the
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1504:. Benjamin Cummings (Pearson Education, Inc). p. 1. Archived from
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n. gen., n. sp.: An
Interstitial Priapulid from coarse sand in Fiji".
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1124:. However, the vertebrate pharynx is unique in that it gives rise to
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715:, the superior boundary of the laryngopharynx is at the level of the
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1719:"Developmental and evolutionary origins of the pharyngeal apparatus"
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Deep dissection of human larynx, pharynx and tongue seen from behind
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in which stimulation of the ear canal results in a person coughing.
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The anterior aspect of the nasopharynx communicates through the
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609:. The anterior wall consists of the base of the tongue and the
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The oropharynx lies behind the oral cavity, extending from the
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also have a pharynx. Invertebrates with a pharynx include the
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structures located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
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Part of the throat that is behind the mouth and nasal cavity
1828:
Journal of
Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
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where their specific action is noted. When the moray bites
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425:—filters, warms and moistens air and conducts it into the
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Sobin LH & Wittekind Ch (eds)Sixth edition UICC 2002
1857:
International
Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology
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and the soft palate and lies above the oral cavity. The
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showing the position of the pharynx in the animal body.
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is a cancer that originates in the neck and/or throat.
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The vascular supply to the laryngopharynx includes the
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An illustration of the pharyngeal jaws of a moray eel
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719:. The laryngopharynx includes three major sites: the
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Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences
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with the nasal cavities. On its lateral wall is the
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1933:Elaine N. Marieb and Katja Hoehn, Seventh Edition.
1888:Transactions of the American Microscopical Society
1537:Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
545:. Two folds arise from the cartilaginous opening:
501:that is pseudostratified, columnar, and ciliated.
190:Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery
448:form the pharynx and determine the shape of its
401:. (The conducting zone—which also includes the
1348:The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind
576:are lateral to the fold and do not contribute.
3563:
3149:
2815:
1990:
829:, is the painful inflammation of the throat.
750:. The primary neural supply is from both the
8:
489:, also known as the pharyngeal tonsils, are
1272:Longitudinal section through the roundworm
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1997:
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673:infections, especially in young children.
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766:. This nerve is also responsible for the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1597:10.7326/0003-4819-147-12-200712180-00002
1139:
4219:
1937:TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours
1717:Graham A, Richardson J (October 2012).
1487:
1303:
1199:
916:, meaning "throat". Its plural form is
794:are articulated here, and it acts as a
535:pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
202:pharyngeal branches of inferior thyroid
1525:School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
1468:This article incorporates text in the
790:. It is also used in human speech, as
389:In humans, the pharynx is part of the
325:
120:
1260:visible as the worm feeds on a snail.
386:stops food from entering the larynx.
7:
1971:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
1965:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
1959:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
1822:Eibye-Jacobsen J (March–June 2001).
1549:10.1001/archotol.1943.00670040495009
1128:support through the contribution of
758:nerves. The vagus nerve provides an
481:. It includes the space between the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3096:Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
1190:(which have an eversible pharynx).
645:ctinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
593:. It opens anteriorly, through the
382:. The flap of cartilage called the
343:
621:when food is swallowed to prevent
14:
1704:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
4222:
2478:
1841:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2001.00140.x
1462:
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1318:
1306:
1283:
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1244:
1224:
1202:
1047:
1004:
962:
921:
878:
825:Inflammation of the pharynx, or
226:Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve
23:
3512:Plica semilunaris of the fauces
1632:Journal of Medical Microbiology
34:needs additional citations for
849:
725:stratified squamous epithelium
1:
1869:10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00027-0
1388:section of the head and neck.
370:(the tubes going down to the
1931:Human Anatomy and Physiology
1384:can be seen clearly in this
998:, and its adjective form is
477:to the upper surface of the
3818:Enterochromaffin-like cells
1585:Annals of Internal Medicine
1476:of the 20th edition of
1428:Pharyngeal (disambiguation)
748:ascending pharyngeal artery
4296:
3197:Labial commissure of mouth
1397:
853:
836:
818:
727:. It is innervated by the
2831:Anatomy of the human nose
861:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
856:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
850:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
733:recurrent laryngeal nerve
555:salpingopharyngeus muscle
495:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
320:
230:recurrent laryngeal nerve
140:
128:
1969:Anatomy photo:31:st-1406
1963:Anatomy photo:31:st-1403
1957:Anatomy photo:31:st-1401
1413:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
1408:Cricopharyngeal ligament
1382:laryngopharynx or larynx
4142:External anal sphincter
4137:Intersphincteric groove
4132:Internal anal sphincter
3649:Pterygomandibular raphe
3392:Tubarial salivary gland
3101:Salpingopharyngeal fold
1884:Meiopriapulus fijiensis
1882:Morse MP (July 1981). "
1707:, retrieved 2012-07-28.
740:superior thyroid artery
693:pars laryngea pharyngis
566:salpingopalatine muscle
551:salpingopharyngeal fold
444:In humans, two sets of
3923:Duodenojejunal flexure
3918:Minor duodenal papilla
3913:Major duodenal papilla
3664:Pharyngobasilar fascia
3659:Buccopharyngeal fascia
3580:gastrointestinal tract
3479:Glossoepiglottic folds
2988:Ethmoidal infundibulum
2973:Sphenoethmoidal recess
2449:Lymphoid immune system
2018:Musculoskeletal system
1736:10.1186/2041-9139-3-24
1400:anatomical terminology
1328:of right ear, showing
1275:Caenorhabditis elegans
1237:Prorhynchus fontinalis
1151:are a "second set" of
1145:
908:) is derived from the
811:
652:ardiobacterium hominis
526:
499:respiratory epithelium
470:
322:Anatomical terminology
3880:Enteroendocrine cells
3527:Palatopharyngeal arch
3301:Mucogingival junction
3296:Junctional epithelium
3192:Frenulum of lower lip
3106:Salpingopalatine fold
2949:Inferior nasal concha
2939:Superior nasal concha
2437:Myeloid immune system
2223:Cardiovascular system
1645:10.1099/jmm.0.45648-0
1418:Pharyngeal aspiration
1334:levator veli palatini
1193:The "pharynx" of the
1143:
809:
802:Clinical significance
792:pharyngeal consonants
687:The laryngopharynx, (
603:palatopharyngeal arch
574:levator veli palatini
562:salpingopalatine fold
521:
468:
350:) is the part of the
3336:Periodontal ligament
2934:Supreme nasal concha
2789:Islets of Langerhans
2649:Genitourinary system
2385:Integumentary system
1638:(Pt 10): 1029–1035.
1423:Pharyngeal consonant
1257:Platydemus manokwari
611:epiglottic vallecula
589:to the level of the
570:tensor veli palatini
43:improve this article
4280:Otorhinolaryngology
4260:Human head and neck
3813:Gastric chief cells
3474:Sublingual caruncle
3368:Submandibular gland
3306:Sulcular epithelium
3276:Interdental papilla
2944:Middle nasal concha
2679:Reproductive system
2398:Subcutaneous tissue
2167:Cartilaginous joint
1793:10.1038/nature06062
1785:2007Natur.449...79M
1209:Everted pharynx of
198:descending palatine
135:Head and inner neck
3522:Palatoglossal arch
3064:Sphenoidal sinuses
2461:Respiratory system
2214:Circulatory system
1689:2nd edition, 1989.
1498:Respiratory Syster
1441:Salpinx in anatomy
1398:This article uses
1146:
812:
798:during phonation.
796:resonating chamber
713:cervical vertebrae
659:ikenella corrodens
599:palatoglossal arch
527:
471:
446:pharyngeal muscles
399:respiratory system
194:ascending palatine
174:Respiratory system
4210:
4209:
4202:Muscularis mucosa
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4064:epiploic appendix
3980:
3979:
3908:Suspensory muscle
3870:Intestinal glands
3828:
3827:
3545:
3544:
3131:
3130:
3123:Pharyngeal recess
3118:Pharyngeal tonsil
3051:Paranasal sinuses
3045:
3044:
3019:Vomeronasal organ
2797:
2796:
2320:
2319:
2310:Glymphatic system
2208:
2207:
1495:Fasick J (2006).
1300:Additional images
1104:Pharyngeal arches
1094:pharyngeal arches
1087:Other vertebrates
1045:
844:Pharyngeal cancer
839:Pharyngeal cancer
833:Pharyngeal cancer
729:pharyngeal plexus
707:) and digestive (
695:), also known as
336:
335:
331:
214:Pharyngeal plexus
119:
118:
111:
93:
4287:
4255:Digestive system
4227:
4226:
4218:
4084:Transverse folds
4041:Descending colon
4031:Transverse colon
3991:
3945:No substructures
3928:Brunner's glands
3858:Intestinal villi
3848:
3839:
3738:Angular incisure
3654:Pharyngeal raphe
3622:retropharyngeal
3597:
3582:, excluding the
3572:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3380:Sublingual gland
3258:Incisive papilla
3182:Vermilion border
3158:
3151:
3144:
3135:
3037:Olfactory mucosa
2998:Maxillary hiatus
2993:Semilunar hiatus
2894:
2851:nasal cartilages
2824:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2756:Endocrine system
2518:Digestive system
2263:Lymphatic system
2246:Lymphatic vessel
2219:
2023:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1912:
1911:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1714:
1708:
1696:
1690:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1674:. 8 August 2018.
1664:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1511:on 12 June 2014.
1510:
1503:
1492:
1466:
1465:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1322:
1310:
1287:
1269:
1248:
1228:
1206:
1136:Pharyngeal jaws
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
956:
955:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
786:cavities to the
768:ear-cough reflex
760:auricular branch
756:glossopharyngeal
617:closes over the
391:digestive system
362:, and above the
345:
328:edit on Wikidata
267:φάρυγξ (phárynx)
238:mandibular nerve
178:digestive system
145:
133:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4221:
4213:
4211:
4206:
4146:
4093:
4070:
4036:Splenic flexure
4026:Hepatic flexure
4021:Ascending colon
4007:
3986:Large intestine
3976:
3972:Microfold cells
3967:Peyer's patches
3962:Ileocecal valve
3948:
3932:
3894:
3843:Small intestine
3824:
3711:
3673:
3627:parapharyngeal
3617:peripharyngeal
3586:
3578:Anatomy of the
3576:
3546:
3541:
3537:Palatine tonsil
3532:Tonsillar fossa
3490:
3469:Fimbriated fold
3454:Lingual tonsils
3444:Terminal sulcus
3417:
3396:
3342:
3291:Gingival fibers
3286:Gingival margin
3281:Gingival sulcus
3262:
3229:
3211:
3168:
3164:Anatomy of the
3162:
3132:
3127:
3078:
3059:Maxillary sinus
3041:
3023:
3002:
2918:
2904:Nasal vestibule
2883:
2833:
2828:
2798:
2793:
2750:
2712:Seminal vesicle
2673:
2635:
2585:Small intestine
2512:
2455:
2414:
2379:
2316:
2257:
2204:
2182:Muscular system
2176:
2148:
2027:Skeletal system
2012:
2003:
1953:
1916:
1915:
1900:10.2307/3225549
1881:
1880:
1876:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1779:(7158): 79–82.
1767:
1766:
1762:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1699:Entry "pharynx"
1697:
1693:
1683:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1591:(12): 829–835.
1582:
1581:
1577:
1572:. 28 July 2013.
1564:
1563:
1559:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1370:
1361:
1358:
1349:
1346:
1337:
1326:Coronal section
1323:
1314:
1311:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1251:Pharynx of the
1249:
1240:
1231:Pharynx of the
1229:
1220:
1219:), lateral view
1215:(also known as
1207:
1169:
1149:Pharyngeal jaws
1138:
1106:
1089:
1050:
1046:
1007:
1003:
965:
961:
924:
920:
881:
877:
870:
858:
852:
841:
835:
823:
817:
804:
776:
685:
679:is a pathogen.
607:palatine tonsil
595:isthmus faucium
583:
543:mucous membrane
491:lymphoid tissue
463:
458:
395:conducting zone
332:
234:maxillary nerve
148:
136:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4293:
4291:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4275:Animal anatomy
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4192:Circular folds
4189:
4184:
4182:Muscular layer
4179:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4127:Pectinate line
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3854:
3852:
3845:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Parietal cells
3805:
3803:Foveolar cells
3800:
3798:Pyloric glands
3795:
3790:
3788:Cardiac glands
3785:
3783:Gastric glands
3780:
3772:
3767:
3765:Gastric mucosa
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3721:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3669:Pyriform sinus
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:retrovisceral
3629:
3624:
3619:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:Lingual septum
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3352:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3253:Palatine raphe
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3225:Buccal fat pad
3221:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3111:Torus tubarius
3108:
3103:
3092:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2641:Urinary system
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2563:Laryngopharynx
2560:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:Salivary gland
2522:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2428:
2426:
2424:immune systems
2420:Haematopoietic
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2370:Somatic system
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2353:Sensory system
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2328:
2326:Nervous system
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2305:CNS equivalent
2302:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2267:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2172:Synovial joint
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1952:
1951:External links
1949:
1948:
1947:
1934:
1928:
1914:
1913:
1894:(3): 239–252.
1874:
1847:
1814:
1760:
1709:
1691:
1677:
1659:
1618:
1575:
1570:TeachMeAnatomy
1557:
1527:
1514:
1486:
1485:
1479:Gray's Anatomy
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1451:Tornwaldt cyst
1448:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1313:Nose and nasal
1312:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1264:
1262:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1208:
1201:
1168:
1165:
1137:
1134:
1105:
1102:
1088:
1085:
869:
866:
854:Main article:
851:
848:
837:Main article:
834:
831:
819:Main article:
816:
813:
803:
800:
775:
772:
744:lingual artery
721:pyriform sinus
684:
683:Laryngopharynx
681:
582:
579:
578:
577:
558:
539:torus tubarius
524:torus tubarius
483:internal nares
462:
459:
457:
454:
439:laryngopharynx
334:
333:
324:
318:
317:
312:
306:
305:
300:
294:
293:
288:
282:
281:
276:
270:
269:
264:
258:
257:
252:
246:
245:
241:
240:
223:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
187:
181:
180:
171:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
146:
138:
137:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4292:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4046:Sigmoid colon
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Fundic glands
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3774:Microanatomy
3773:
3771:
3770:Gastric folds
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:Back of mouth
3493:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3449:Foramen cecum
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3439:Median sulcus
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3412:tooth anatomy
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3356:Parotid gland
3354:
3353:
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3074:Ethmoid sinus
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2978:Ethmoid bulla
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2862:Lateral nasal
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2019:
2015:
2011:
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2006:Human systems
2000:
1995:
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1988:
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1945:0-471-22288-7
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1566:"The Pharynx"
1561:
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1470:public domain
1457:
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1330:auditory tube
1327:
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1259:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1217:Nereis virens
1214:
1213:
1212:Alitta virens
1205:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:Invertebrates
1167:Invertebrates
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:hemichordates
1119:
1115:
1114:deuterostomes
1111:
1103:
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1040:
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676:Fusobacterium
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513:auditory tube
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99:November 2015
91:
88:
84:
81:
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70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4265:Human throat
4122:Anal sinuses
4112:Anal columns
3890:Paneth cells
3885:Goblet cells
3851:Microanatomy
3778:Gastric pits
3642:prevertebral
3600:
3409:
3316:Periodontium
3087:
3029:Nasal mucosa
3014:Nasal septum
2956:Nasal meatus
2923:Lateral wall
2889:Nasal cavity
2857:Septal nasal
2849:
2611:
2579:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2304:
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1936:
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1621:
1588:
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1560:
1552:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1517:
1506:the original
1497:
1490:
1481:
1467:
1461:
1434:Saccopharynx
1432:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1273:
1255:
1235:
1216:
1210:
1192:
1170:
1147:
1130:neural crest
1126:endoskeletal
1107:
1090:
999:
958:
917:
913:
873:
871:
859:
842:
824:
815:Inflammation
777:
737:
696:
692:
686:
674:
663:
656:
649:
642:
635:
633:
629:
627:
584:
565:
561:
550:
528:
503:
472:
443:
438:
434:
430:
388:
360:nasal cavity
347:
339:
337:
291:A05.3.01.001
266:
254:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4270:Human voice
4117:Anal valves
4054:taenia coli
4050:Continuous
3875:Enterocytes
3724:Curvatures
3686:Sphincters
3248:Soft palate
3243:Hard palate
3187:Cupid's bow
3007:Medial wall
2877:Vomeronasal
2845:Ala of nose
2779:Parathyroid
2479:Nasopharynx
2341:Spinal cord
2276:Bone marrow
2045:Collar bone
1672:Earth's Lab
1374:nasopharynx
1176:tardigrades
827:pharyngitis
821:Pharyngitis
731:and by the
697:hypopharynx
671:endocardial
632:organisms (
522:Details of
479:soft palate
461:Nasopharynx
431:nasopharynx
423:bronchioles
354:behind the
244:Identifiers
4239:Categories
4172:Adventitia
4099:Anal canal
3863:Microvilli
3502:Oropharynx
3460:Underside
3207:White roll
2983:Agger nasi
2958:: (Supreme
2872:Minor alar
2867:Major alar
2558:Oropharynx
2298:Lymph node
2231:peripheral
2077:Metatarsus
2072:Metacarpus
2051:Thigh bone
2047:(clavicle)
1863:(4): 341.
1834:(1–2): 1.
1543:(5): 479.
1458:References
1378:oropharynx
1188:priapulids
1186:, and the
1184:arthropods
1157:moray eels
1000:pharyngeal
717:hyoid bone
709:esophageal
638:aemophilus
623:aspiration
615:epiglottis
591:hyoid bone
581:Oropharynx
435:oropharynx
384:epiglottis
69:newspapers
4187:Submucosa
4177:Subserosa
3679:Esophagus
3434:Taste bud
3311:Stippling
2967:inferior)
2764:Pituitary
2613:accessory
2568:Esophagus
2288:secondary
2200:Diaphragm
2144:Cartilage
2092:Phalanges
1729:(1): 24.
1668:"Pharynx"
1474:page 1141
1112:to basal
1110:chordates
1098:ruminants
959:pharynxes
918:pharynges
872:The word
868:Etymology
705:laryngeal
699:, is the
605:, is the
456:Structure
364:esophagus
348:pharynges
58:"Pharynx"
4003:Appendix
3900:Duodenum
3464:Frenulum
3326:Philtrum
3321:Cementum
3202:Philtrum
2961:superior
2897:Openings
2744:Placenta
2707:Testicle
2702:Prostate
2629:Pancreas
2590:Appendix
2580:lower GI
2553:upper GI
2501:Bronchus
2444:Lymphoid
2127:Vertebra
2082:Ossicles
2067:Mandible
1801:17805293
1769:Mehta RS
1755:23020903
1654:15358827
1613:11122488
1605:18087053
1394:See also
1386:sagittal
1294:species.
1253:flatworm
1233:flatworm
1195:nematode
1180:annelids
1118:amphioxi
774:Function
764:ear pain
746:and the
601:and the
487:adenoids
403:nostrils
393:and the
374:and the
4250:Pharynx
4229:Anatomy
4089:Ampulla
4059:haustra
3938:Jejunum
3760:Pylorus
3728:greater
3717:Stomach
3613:Spaces
3609:Muscles
3601:Pharynx
3331:Gingiva
3088:pharynx
2909:Nostril
2784:Adrenal
2774:Thyroid
2692:Scrotum
2669:Urethra
2664:Bladder
2573:Stomach
2496:Trachea
2432:Myeloid
2271:primary
2137:Sternum
2087:Patella
2062:Humerus
2053:(femur)
1925:Pharynx
1919:General
1908:3225549
1809:4384411
1781:Bibcode
1746:3564725
1723:EvoDevo
1292:lamprey
1132:cells.
914:phárynx
912:φάρυγξ
874:pharynx
666:ingella
619:glottis
531:choanae
419:bronchi
415:trachea
405:of the
397:of the
372:stomach
368:trachea
340:pharynx
279:D010614
255:pharynx
158:Part of
153:Details
147:Pharynx
124:Pharynx
83:scholar
4215:Portal
4197:Mucosa
4168:Serosa
4076:Rectum
3755:Fundus
3745:Cardia
3733:lesser
3702:glands
3637:danger
3507:fauces
3423:Tongue
3348:Glands
3235:Palate
2964:middle
2914:Choana
2769:Pineal
2729:Vagina
2724:Uterus
2719:Female
2659:Ureter
2654:Kidney
2600:Rectum
2536:Tongue
2484:Larynx
2403:Breast
2375:Tissue
2293:Spleen
2281:Thymus
2236:Artery
2195:Tendon
2190:Muscle
2154:Joints
2132:Pelvis
2107:Tarsus
2097:Radius
2057:Fibula
2040:Carpus
2010:organs
1943:
1906:
1807:
1799:
1773:Nature
1753:
1743:
1652:
1611:
1603:
1482:(1918)
1446:Tonsil
1380:, and
1336:muscle
788:larynx
742:, the
701:caudal
568:. The
505:Polyps
437:, and
421:, and
411:larynx
409:, the
380:larynx
352:throat
185:Artery
169:System
162:Throat
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4013:Colon
3995:Cecum
3954:Ileum
3834:Lower
3695:lower
3690:upper
3592:Upper
3584:mouth
3517:Uvula
3402:Teeth
3217:Cheek
3166:mouth
2739:Ovary
2734:Vulva
2697:Penis
2619:Liver
2595:Colon
2546:Tooth
2526:Mouth
2491:Lower
2469:Upper
2346:Nerve
2336:Brain
2253:Heart
2112:Tibia
2102:Skull
1904:JSTOR
1805:S2CID
1609:S2CID
1509:(PDF)
1502:(PDF)
1472:from
910:Greek
780:nasal
752:vagus
689:Latin
630:HACEK
587:uvula
509:mucus
475:skull
450:lumen
427:lungs
376:lungs
356:mouth
326:[
315:46688
262:Greek
250:Latin
221:Nerve
90:JSTOR
76:books
4160:Wall
4107:Anus
3750:Body
3707:crop
3430:Top
3410:see
3385:duct
3373:duct
3361:duct
3268:Gums
3084:Naso
2687:Male
2605:Anus
2506:Lung
2474:Nose
2422:and
2393:Skin
2241:Vein
2117:Ulna
2035:Bone
2008:and
1941:ISBN
1797:PMID
1751:PMID
1650:PMID
1601:PMID
1372:The
1332:and
1182:and
1161:prey
1153:jaws
1120:and
784:oral
782:and
754:and
628:The
572:and
560:the
549:the
407:nose
366:and
358:and
338:The
303:2855
286:TA98
274:MeSH
209:Vein
62:news
3174:Lip
2541:Lip
2363:Eye
2358:Ear
2122:Rib
1896:doi
1892:100
1865:doi
1836:doi
1789:doi
1777:449
1741:PMC
1731:doi
1701:in
1686:OED
1640:doi
1593:doi
1589:147
1545:doi
1083:).
957:or
507:or
344:pl.
310:FMA
298:TA2
45:by
4241::
4170:/
2932::
1902:.
1890:.
1861:27
1859:.
1832:39
1830:.
1826:.
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