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440:. During the early years of the Vietnam War, E-1s saw extensive service, providing combat air patrol (CAP) fighters with target vectors, and controlling Alpha strikes over North Vietnam. With a radius of 250–300 miles, the E-1B served as an early warning to strike aircraft of enemy MiG activity. Tracer-equipped VAW squadrons logged 56 deployments in support of operations over Southeast Asia.
25:
312:, being known as "Stoof with a Roof." The E-1 featured folding wings of a very particular design for compact storage aboard aircraft carriers; unlike the S-2 and C-1 in which the wings folded upwards, the radome atop the fuselage required the E-1's designers to re-adopt an updated version of the Grumman-patented "
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or rudder input than if the vertical stabilizers were placed out of the prop-wash zone. While this placement would lead to a yawing moment on most smaller aircraft, as the helical motion of the prop wash would collide with only one side of the vertical stabilizer, the dual propellers on the E-1
1027:
The innovative wing folding mechanism (STO-Wing), developed by Leroy
Grumman in early 1941 and first applied to the XF4F-4 Wildcat, manufactured by the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, is designated an ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering
397:
energy to distinguish a flying aircraft from the clutter produced by wave action at the ocean's surface. The energy reflected from an aircraft changes position rapidly compared to the energy reflected from the surrounding sea.
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in Tucson, Arizona. At least one of those aircraft (E-1B, BuNo 148922) was sold to a private collector in 2011 with the intent to restore to fly, although no updates on the project have been posted since 2012.
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operations being a necessity for the aircraft, various features are geared towards providing stability and control when launching from and landing on an aircraft carrier. The distinct
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Company designation for WF-2. One TF-1 (BuNo 136792) converted into aerodynamic prototype for WF-2 without electronics, later rebuilt as a standard C-1A, retaining the twin tail.
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generated by the spinning propellers of the aircraft, creating additional stability as the fast wind flowing over the stabilizers creates a stronger rectifying force for any
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used a novel approach using a compound angle folding-wing that was unique to
Grumman...It was a successful design that was later used on the F6F Hellcat and TBF Avenger.
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As one of the first carrier based early warning aircraft, the E-1 Tracer served from 1960 to 1977, although considered only an interim type, being replaced by the
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aircraft. This configuration provides the airframe with a distinct "nose-up" appearance when taxiing, and allows for the wings to generate more
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Its prototype made its first flight on
December 17, 1956. Just over fourteen months later the first WF-2 (E-1B) Tracer made its maiden flight.
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carrier-based antisubmarine aircraft, known as S2F under the old system, nicknamed "Stoof", leading to the WF/E-1, with its distinctive
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1007:"WING-FOLDING MECHANISM OF THE GRUMMAN WILDCAT - An American Society of Mechanical Engineers Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark"
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A airfoil-shaped dome protects the 17 by 5 feet (5.2 m Ă— 1.5 m) parabolic dish antennae, mounted above the fuselage.
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390:. The AN/APS-82 featured an airborne moving target indicator (AMTI), which compares the video of one pulse time to the next in
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without the implementation of one large unwieldy space-taking vertical stabilizer. It also provides a degree of
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1135:"Warranty/Cannibalization Issues: Disruptive Forces in the Production and Maintainability of the E-2C Aircraft"
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piston-engined fighter of the early-WWII period, to fold its wings aftwards along the sides of the fuselage.
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Another 11 E-1 Tracers are in storage at United
Aeronautical, an aircraft surplus yard located just outside
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on the aircraft of the same magnitude, leading to approximately net zero yaw as a result of prop wash.
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9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 1,525 hp (1,137 kW) each for take-off
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than if the aircraft was level due to the higher angle-of-attack (AoA) of the aircraft.
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300:; the designation earned it the nickname "Willy Fudd". The Tracer was derived from the
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The F4F-4 was the first version of the
Wildcat to feature a Grumman innovation, the
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The radar was also capable of ground stabilization and target height determination.
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AN/APS-82 in its radome and fuselage, an substantial upgrade to its predecessor the
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1205:"Warbird Registry - Grumman Tracker/Trader/Tracer - A Warbirds Resource Group Site"
969:
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1360:"Standard Aircraft Characteristics:Navy Model E-1B Aircraft: NAVAIR 00-110AW1-1."
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Airborne Moving Target
Indicator (AMTI) explanation provided by Mercury Computer
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There are five E-1 Tracers preserved at museums throughout the United States:
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The E-1, despite having a set of landing gear mounted under its nose, is a
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238 mph (383 km/h, 207 kn) at 4,000 ft (1,219 m)
462:
storage facility. The E-1B Tracer was struck from the inventory by 1977.
1013:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. May 15, 2006. Archived from
338:
found on the E-1 allows for greater rudder control and stability on the
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940:"Airborne Command & Control and Logistics Wing, Command History"
1424:(Aviation Factfile). Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004.
477:
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281:, filled the airborne early warning role. In 1955, engineers at
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and entered service in 1960. It was replaced by the more modern
3968:
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970:"The Aviation History Online Museum - Grumman F4F Wildcat"
416:
Grumman E-1B Tracer of RVAW-110 after service aboard USS
1409:
1193:– via University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
1041:"Surviving Grumman S2F Tracker Information Repository."
1185:. Chief of Naval Operations. May 1989. pp. 14–15
443:
By May 1973, most E-1Bs were retired, with only four
285:
aspired to create a AEW platform based on the proven
1420:
Winchester, Jim, ed. "Grumman S-2E/F/G/UP Tracker."
677:
4 (2 flight crew with 2 radar/intercept controllers)
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S2F Tracker in Action (Aircraft in Action No. 100).
844:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
298:
1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system
225:
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:United States Navy airborne early warning aircraft
1230:
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506:Production Airborne Early Warning version of the
4186:1950s United States command and control aircraft
494:Proposed AEW derivative of the S2F-1; not built.
1297:"United Aeronautical Corporation Tracer Photos"
656:3-view line drawing of the Grumman WF-2 Tracker
3980:
3394:
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1464:
1275:"E-1 Tracer | National Naval Aviation Museum"
756:3-bladed constant-speed reversible propellers
8:
4156:1950s United States special-purpose aircraft
245:prior to 1962) was the first purpose-built
3955:Assigned to a different manufacturer's type
783:1,035 mi (1,666 km, 899 nmi)
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1471:
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1081:"Effect of Propeller on Airplane Dynamics"
273:, modified attack aircraft, including the
120:
777:163 mph (262 km/h, 142 kn)
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
283:Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation
1377:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
873:
3416:trainer aircraft designations pre–1962
1345:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1338:
510:, redesignated E-1B in 1962, 88 built.
482:WF-2 of VAW-11 on the catapult of USS
432:in the mid-1960s. First deployed with
420:in 1976, showing the Grumman-patented
944:Naval Air Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet (
901:
899:
897:
7:
4181:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
1143:Defense Technical Information Center
976:. The Aviation History Online Museum
934:
932:
930:
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893:
891:
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578:Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum
47:adding citations to reliable sources
695:16 ft 10 in (5.13 m)
689:72 ft 4 in (22.05 m)
683:45 ft 4 in (13.82 m)
320:system, pioneered on their earlier
3307:AEW aircraft designations pre-1962
912:Naval History and Heritage Command
14:
968:Dwyer, Larry (19 February 2014).
701:506 sq ft (47.0 m)
663:Standard Aircraft Characteristics
914:, National Naval Aviation Museum
801:1,120 ft/min (5.7 m/s)
596:E-1B, BuNo 147225: On board the
527:
289:antisubmarine warfare aircraft.
129:
23:
740:26,600 lb (12,066 kg)
734:24,800 lb (11,249 kg)
382:The Tracer was fitted with the
34:needs additional citations for
1133:Jacobs, Brian K. (June 2000).
728:20,638 lb (9,361 kg)
630:National Naval Aviation Museum
610:Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
1:
795:15,800 ft (4,800 m)
304:, itself a derivative of the
253:. It was a derivative of the
4176:Aircraft first flown in 1956
855:Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
641:Davis–Monthan Air Force Base
1279:www.navalaviationmuseum.org
1179:"Naval Aviation News, 1989"
1110:"Grumman WF-2 / E-1 Tracer"
1057:"Grumman WF-2 / E-1 Tracer"
1046:Retrieved: 29 October 2011.
634:Naval Air Station Pensacola
616:Pima Air & Space Museum
4202:
3995:United States tri-service
1363:Naval Air Systems Command,
592:Windsor Locks, Connecticut
516:WF-2 redesignated in 1962.
3948:
748:Wright R-1820-82A Cyclone
438:USS Constellation (CV-64)
128:
1422:Modern Military Aircraft
1219:"New England Air Museum"
458:and were ferried to the
424:wing folding arrangement
261:by the mid-1960s-1970s.
1381:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
1114:www.militaryfactory.com
1061:www.militaryfactory.com
668:General characteristics
355:create opposing yawing
292:The E-1 was designated
4166:Carrier-based aircraft
3999:aircraft designations
3609:Naval Aircraft Factory
657:
588:New England Air Museum
487:
475:
425:
265:Design and development
247:airborne early warning
153:airborne early warning
655:
481:
473:
455:Franklin D. Roosevelt
418:Franklin D. Roosevelt
415:
322:Grumman F4F-4 Wildcat
249:aircraft used by the
4074:Related designations
1168:Sullivan 1990, p. 7.
974:aviation-history.com
58:"Grumman E-1 Tracer"
43:improve this article
2939:Apollo Lunar Module
1017:on October 21, 2015
850:Fairey Gannet AEW.3
838:Grumman S-2 Tracker
827:Related development
738:Max takeoff weight:
628:E-1B, BuNo 148146:
614:E-1B, BuNo 147227:
586:E-1B, BuNo 147217:
576:E-1B, BuNo 147212:
568:Aircraft on display
474:The WF-2 prototype.
430:Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
408:Operational history
259:Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
141:General information
4161:High-wing aircraft
2820:Utility/Transports
1236:"USA E-1B Tracers"
1149:United States Navy
1090:. 14 February 2024
1088:aircraftspruce.com
1039:Jackson, David D.
946:United States Navy
833:Grumman C-1 Trader
789:6 hours 50 minutes
658:
542:United States Navy
488:
476:
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255:Grumman C-1 Trader
251:United States Navy
239:Grumman E-1 Tracer
230:Grumman C-1 Trader
183:United States Navy
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1415:978-0-89747-242-5
1375:Lednicer, David.
620:Davis-Monthan AFB
447:Tracers based at
370:on launch from a
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202:Introduction date
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1484:Northrop Grumman
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1324:. Archived from
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1299:. Archived from
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793:Service ceiling:
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213:17 December 1956
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1405:Sullivan, Jim.
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1322:"Archived copy"
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275:AD-3W Skyraider
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159:National origin
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1438:External links
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1288:
1285:on 2014-05-02.
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1261:"Grumman E-1B"
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799:Rate of climb:
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648:Specifications
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3258:Leroy Grumman
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1509:(floats only)
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1503:(floats only)
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1348:
1342:
1328:on 2015-07-11
1327:
1323:
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1303:on 2015-05-30
1302:
1298:
1292:
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1242:on 2015-07-16
1241:
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949:
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915:
913:
908:
907:"E-1B Tracer"
902:
900:
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797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
775:Cruise speed:
773:
770:
767:
766:
765:
763:
755:
752:
749:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
732:Gross weight:
730:
727:
726:Empty weight:
724:
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715:
712:
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602: (CV-10)
601:
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589:
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583:
582:New York City
579:
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535:United States
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460:Davis-Monthan
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162:United States
161:
157:
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150:Carrier-based
148:
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113:
110:
102:
91:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4171:AEW aircraft
4014:
3952:Not assigned
3841:
3765:Consolidated
3724:New Standard
3321:
3263:Jake Swirbul
3216:
3107:Gulfstream I
3102:Gulfhawk III
2918:Gulfstream I
2872:U-16/JR2F/UF
2795:
2779:Recon/Scouts
2084:
1962:
1494:designations
1492:Manufacturer
1421:
1406:
1399:Bibliography
1384:. Retrieved
1380:
1370:
1365:1 July 1967.
1362:
1355:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:the original
1316:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:the original
1291:
1283:the original
1278:
1269:
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:the original
1213:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1183:Google Books
1182:
1173:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1141:
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1087:
1075:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1026:
1019:. Retrieved
1015:the original
1010:
1001:
991:
987:
985:
978:. Retrieved
973:
963:
951:. Retrieved
943:
917:. Retrieved
910:
859:
843:
842:
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804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
761:
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743:
737:
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717:
710:
704:
698:
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686:
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659:
638:
599:
571:
563:
483:
454:
442:
427:
421:
417:
403:
400:
381:
364:tail-dragger
361:
329:
326:
318:folding wing
293:
291:
271:World War II
268:
242:
238:
236:
210:First flight
189:Number built
179:Primary user
168:Manufacturer
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3803:(1948–1962)
3496:Huff-Daland
3424:(1922–1948)
3192:Switchblade
3187:Super Tiger
3137:Joint STARS
3082:Global Hawk
3012:Switchblade
1094:14 February
762:Performance
754:Propellers:
744:Powerplant:
721:NACA 63A415
714:NACA 63A420
508:TF-1 Trader
449:NAS Norfolk
306:S-2 Tracker
287:S2F Tracker
135:E-1B Tracer
4145:Categories
3077:Fire Scout
2225:G-215 (II)
1332:2015-05-21
1307:2015-05-21
1246:2015-05-21
1119:2024-01-30
1066:2024-01-30
863:References
787:Endurance:
699:Wing area:
344:redundancy
302:C-1 Trader
296:under the
269:Following
99:March 2008
69:newspapers
4001:post-1962
3801:T-series
3665:Fairchild
3422:N-series
3177:Skyrocket
3092:Greyhound
3037:Albatross
2867:OA-14/J4F
2683:F11F/F-11
2585:Model 400
2220:G-215 (I)
1189:19 August
1154:18 August
1028:Landmark.
1021:April 29,
953:18 August
919:18 August
817:AN/APS-82
687:Wingspan:
661:Data from
598:USS
521:Operators
453:USS
436:on board
392:reflected
388:AN/APS-20
384:Hazeltine
348:prop wash
336:twin-tail
4008:Sequence
3918:Lockheed
3882:Lockheed
3701:Stearman
3550:Keystone
3355:Lockheed
3207:Tigercat
3127:Intruder
3097:Guardian
3072:Firebird
3007:Firebird
2666:-6 to -8
2661:-1 to -5
2601:Fighters
1486:aircraft
1386:16 April
1341:cite web
1011:asme.org
992:Sto-Wing
988:Sto-Wing
980:April 2,
822:See also
807:Avionics
600:Yorktown
466:Variants
422:Sto-Wing
372:catapult
352:sideslip
340:yaw axis
314:Sto-Wing
4130:EF-111A
4113:EC-130H
3829:Grumman
3647:Spartan
3568:Langley
3455:Curtiss
3314:Grumman
3242:Widgeon
3237:Wildcat
3222:Tracker
3197:Tadpole
3167:Prowler
3162:Pegasus
3157:Panther
3147:Mallard
3122:Hellcat
3117:Hawkeye
3052:Bearcat
3042:Avenger
3025:By name
2913:Tadpole
2898:Mallard
2717:Bombers
2708:NATF-23
2688:F11F-1F
2594:By role
1480:Grumman
706:Airfoil
693:Height:
681:Length:
557:VAW-121
486:in 1962
484:Hancock
445:VAW-121
357:torques
332:carrier
218:Retired
197:History
173:Grumman
83:scholar
4125:EF-10B
4120:EC-135
4108:EC-130
4103:EA-37B
4098:EA-18G
3586:Martin
3514:Howard
3432:Boeing
3337:Vought
3251:People
3232:Triton
3227:Trader
3217:Tracer
3212:Tomcat
3182:Spirit
3172:Raider
3152:Mohawk
3142:Kitten
3132:Jaguar
3057:Cougar
3032:Ag Cat
2954:EF-111
2932:Others
2908:Kitten
2903:Ag Cat
2827:UC-103
2698:F-111B
2580:G-1159
2575:G-1128
2504:G-680
1428:
1413:
1145:(DTIC)
990:. The
815:Radar:
781:Range:
552:VAW-12
547:VAW-11
532:
434:VAW-11
310:radome
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4091:EA-6B
3900:Temco
3478:Piper
3202:Tiger
3087:Goose
2997:X-47C
2992:X-47B
2987:X-47A
2977:Q-180
2862:OA-13
2842:OA-12
2693:G-118
2678:XF10F
2643:XP-65
2633:XP-50
2570:G-870
2565:G-755
2560:G-754
2555:G-744
2550:G-730
2545:G-728
2540:G-723
2535:G-712
2530:G-711
2525:G-704
2520:G-698
2500:G-674
2495:G-636
2490:G-623
2485:G-618
2480:G-613
2475:G-612
2470:G-607
2465:G-550
2460:G-532
2455:G-518
2450:G-516
2445:G-511
2440:G-487
2435:G-486
2430:G-484
2425:G-467
2420:G-450
2415:G-436
2410:G-431
2405:G-429
2400:G-426
2395:G-413
2390:G-399
2385:G-391
2380:G-378
2375:G-376
2370:G-371
2365:G-359
2360:G-356
2355:G-344
2350:G-342
2345:G-341
2340:G-340
2335:G-333
2330:G-327
2325:G-315
2320:G-310
2315:G-306
2310:G-305
2305:G-303
2300:G-300
2295:G-296
2290:G-288
2285:G-283
2280:G-279
2275:G-273
2270:G-270
2265:G-262
2260:G-251
2255:G-244
2250:G-242
2245:G-235
2240:G-234
2235:G-231
2230:G-226
2215:G-214
2210:G-211
2205:G-191
2200:G-170
2195:G-165
2190:G-164
2185:G-159
2180:G-154
2175:G-143
2170:G-142
2165:G-137
2160:G-134
2155:G-132
2150:G-130
2145:G-129
2140:G-128
2135:G-127
2130:G-126
2125:G-125
2120:G-124
2115:G-123
2110:G-122
2105:G-121
2100:G-120
2095:G-119
2090:G-118
2085:G-117
2080:G-116
2075:G-115
2070:G-114
2065:G-113
2060:G-112
2055:G-111
2050:G-110
2045:G-109
2040:G-108
2035:G-107
2030:G-106
2025:G-105
2020:G-104
2015:G-103
2010:G-102
2005:G-101
2000:G-100
1138:(PDF)
1084:(PDF)
868:Notes
711:root:
675:Crew:
497:G-117
395:radar
378:Radar
330:With
90:JSTOR
76:books
4086:EA-6
4081:EP-3
4065:E-11
4060:E-10
3931:TV-2
3926:TV-1
3742:Timm
3683:Ryan
3637:XN5N
3414:USMC
3067:Fifi
3062:Duck
2982:X-29
2949:E-10
2857:OA-9
2806:EA-6
2801:OV-1
2791:XSBF
2755:TB2F
2750:XTSF
2729:B-21
2703:F-14
2657:F9F
2628:XF5F
1995:G-99
1983:G-98
1978:G-97
1973:G-96
1968:G-95
1963:G-94
1958:G-93
1953:G-92
1948:G-91
1943:G-90
1938:G-89
1933:G-88
1928:G-87
1923:G-86
1918:G-85
1913:G-84
1908:G-83
1903:G-82
1898:G-81
1893:G-80
1888:G-79
1883:G-78
1878:G-77
1873:G-76
1868:G-75
1863:G-74
1858:G-73
1853:G-72
1848:G-71
1843:G-70
1838:G-69
1833:G-68
1828:G-67
1823:G-66
1818:G-65
1813:G-64
1808:G-63
1803:G-62
1798:G-61
1793:G-60
1788:G-59
1783:G-58
1778:G-57
1773:G-56
1768:G-55
1763:G-54
1758:G-53
1753:G-52
1748:G-51
1743:G-50
1738:G-49
1733:G-48
1728:G-47
1723:G-46
1718:G-45
1713:G-44
1708:G-43
1703:G-42
1698:G-41
1693:G-40
1688:G-39
1683:G-38
1678:G-37
1673:G-36
1668:G-35
1663:G-34
1658:G-33
1653:G-32
1648:G-31
1643:G-30
1638:G-29
1633:G-27
1628:G-26
1623:G-25
1618:G-24
1613:G-23
1608:G-22
1603:G-21
1598:G-20
1593:G-19
1588:G-18
1583:G-17
1578:G-16
1573:G-15
1568:G-14
1563:G-13
1558:G-12
1553:G-11
1548:G-10
1482:and
1426:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1388:2019
1347:link
1191:2024
1156:2024
1096:2024
1023:2017
982:2016
955:2024
921:2024
746:2 Ă—
718:tip:
513:E-1B
503:WF-2
491:WF-1
368:lift
277:and
237:The
221:1977
205:1960
146:Type
62:news
4055:E-9
4050:E-8
4045:E-7
4040:E-6
4035:E-5
4030:E-4
4025:E-3
4020:E-2
4015:E-1
3936:T2V
3872:T3J
3867:T2J
3842:-1W
3811:Edo
3788:N4Y
3783:N3Y
3778:N2Y
3755:N2T
3714:N2S
3632:N4N
3627:N3N
3622:N2N
3599:N2M
3468:N2C
3445:N2B
3410:USN
3368:W2V
3327:W2F
3305:USN
3047:Bat
3002:Bat
2968:Q-8
2959:Q-4
2944:E-8
2882:C-2
2877:C-1
2852:J3F
2847:JRF
2837:J2F
2811:E-2
2796:E-1
2770:A-6
2765:S-2
2745:TBF
2724:B-2
2673:F-9
2653:F8F
2648:F7F
2638:F6F
2623:F4F
2618:F3F
2613:F2F
1543:G-9
1538:G-8
1533:G-7
1528:G-6
1523:G-5
1518:G-4
1513:G-3
1507:G-2
1501:G-1
622:in
45:by
4147::
3997:EW
3908:TT
3890:TO
3862:TJ
3837:TF
3819:TE
3773:NY
3750:NT
3732:NT
3709:NS
3691:NR
3673:NQ
3655:NP
3617:NN
3594:NM
3576:NL
3558:NK
3540:NJ
3522:NH
3504:HN
3486:NE
3463:NC
3440:NB
3363:WV
3345:WU
3322:WF
2832:JF
2786:SF
2760:AF
2608:FF
1379:.
1343:}}
1339:{{
1277:.
1227:^
1181:.
1147:.
1140:.
1112:.
1086:.
1059:.
1025:.
1009:.
984:.
972:.
942:.
929:^
909:.
876:^
716:;
632:,
608:,
604:,
590:,
580:,
316:"
294:WF
243:WF
192:88
3988:e
3981:t
3974:v
3412:/
3402:e
3395:t
3388:v
3297:e
3290:t
3283:v
2972:C
2970:/
2963:C
2961:/
2513:P
2508:F
1988:J
1472:e
1465:t
1458:v
1432:.
1417:.
1390:.
1349:)
1335:.
1310:.
1263:.
1249:.
1221:.
1207:.
1158:.
1122:.
1098:.
1069:.
957:.
948:)
923:.
708::
241:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
