Knowledge (XXG)

Gruta de Maquiné

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204:, called "Sala das Colunas" ("Room of Columns"), is 37 m (121 ft) long by 22.5 m (74 ft) width. Masses of stalagmites that rise up to the dome link this wall to that which separates the preceding chamber. Other masses have risen as the first, leaving only a descent. The layer of stalagmites here formed was punctured so that the nitrogenous component contained therein might be extracted. This layer contains a large quantity of small bones and teeth. 29: 255:, sometimes of the purest white, sometimes differently colored. The splendid reflections produced by the light illuminating the many facets of this crystal, dazzle the eye of those who gaze at this imagery and with it, see themselves transported to a fairy-like palace. Dr. Lund said: "My eyes have never seen anything more beautiful and magnificent in the domains of nature and art." 220:, called "Carneiro" ("Lamb"), measures 18 m (59 ft) long, 20 m (66 ft) wide and 11 m (36 ft) high. It distinguishes itself from all the other chambers mostly because the ground is covered with gypsum powder. Noticeable also in this room, besides the figure of a lamb, is the imposing figure of a gigantic mushroom. 226:, called "Salão das Piscinas" ("Hall of Pools"), measuring 23.5 m (77 ft) in length and width and 18 m (59 ft) in height, forms the deepest part of the cave. In the center of this cavern is a large basin about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) deep whose walls are covered with delicate crystals of 266:
along the way. In the middle of the chamber there is a 60-centimeter-wide by 4.5-meter-deep coverage through which all excess of water is drained out of the cave. The second chamber is called "Salão do Cemitério" ("Cemetery Hall"), which is the largest of the chambers in the cave measuring 162.5
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shaped in the form of a shallow arch with width of approximately 18 m (59 ft) and height of only 8 m (26 ft). The main direction of the cave is from north to south, being its greatest extent of 438.91 m (1,440.0 ft). With an internal temperature ranging from 26 to
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is divided into two parts. The first one is referred to as "Salão do Dr. Lund" ("Dr. Lund's Hall"), and is considered the most important of the chambers by the amount of bones that it contains. It is 42 meters long, 22 meters wide and 15 meters high. It leads downwards and forms many
210:, called "Altar" or "Trono" ("Altar", or "Throne"), is 67 m (220 ft) long, 35 m (115 ft) wide and 15 m (49 ft) high. A group of stalagmites which separates this chamber from the preceding one form a bouquet on both sides, creating a 151:
27 °C (79 to 81 °F), it is essentially horizontal, forming a continuous gallery with an average width of 9 to 12 m (30 to 39 ft) and height of 15 to 18 m (49 to 59 ft). The main element of its formation is
190:, called "Vestibulo" ("Entrance Hall"), is fully illuminated by the natural light coming from the entrance of the cave. It measures 27 m (89 ft) in length, 20 m (66 ft) in width and contains numerous 298:
who scientifically first explored it in 1834. Dr. Lund remained inside the cave nearly two years doing his research on the Brazilian paleontology, describing all the chambers, explaining the formation of
883: 129:. The cave has seven huge chambers explored, amounting to 650 m (2,130 ft) (linear) and unevenness of the ground of only 18 m (59 ft). Safety measures like lighting, walkways and 1793: 243:, called "Salão das Fadas" ("Hall of the Fairies"), is 13 m (43 ft) long and 15 m (49 ft) high. In this room bones of large animals, including the remains of a 284:
in the country, the grotto was discovered in 1825 by farmer Joaquim Maria Maquiné, then the landowner. It is widely known for its paleontological importance detected initially by
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that rise from the ground. The most distant of them are heaped in a single group that rises up to the upper dome, forming a back wall where two large blocks of
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have been found. In the background of this chamber there is a passage to another room and a limpid cascade which has condensed itself into bright
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allow a multitude of visitors to enjoy safely the wonders of the grotto where the whole journey is accompanied by an experienced local guide.
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arranged like an amphitheater in whose entry, a 7.5 m (25 ft) high figure resembling a bear on a pedestal is displayed.
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In 1868, after more than 30 years after the exploration of the cave, Lund wished to return to Cordisburgo and show the Duke of
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period. Among others, he found fossilized skeletons of birds with an extraordinary curvature of up to three meters and the
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beauty, in addition to its scientific value as it must have accommodated a considerable volume of water in the past.
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The grotto features beautiful morphology due to its wide halls and aesthetic value due to their
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Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
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powder stalagmites which covers the ground, piling up to the ceiling.
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Cave painting found in one of the chambers inside of Gruta de Maquiné
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meters long by 56 meters wide. It is coated with a crumbly layer of
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and examining human remains and petrifaction of animals from the
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Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
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who visited the country, the natural beauty of this huge cave.
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Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
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Cavernas em Foco - Espeleologia Histórica e Cultural Mundial
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which he found in 1835 when he first explored the cave.
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Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. p. 159. 4605: 4589: 4573: 4555: 4534: 4516: 4500: 4472: 4276: 3995: 3979: 3938: 3882: 3866: 3850: 3832: 3791: 3750: 3729: 3708: 3662: 3636: 3620: 3604: 3559: 3538: 3522: 3496: 3325: 3299: 3283: 3262: 3246: 3200: 3179: 3163: 3142: 3121: 3105: 3089: 3068: 3052: 3006: 2985: 2959: 2947: 2921: 2890: 2854: 2836: 2820: 2804: 2788: 2772: 2726: 2705: 2689: 2638: 2557: 2536: 2480: 2449: 2403: 2387: 2361: 2300: 2284: 2238: 2222: 2206: 2080: 2064: 2043: 1786: 1755: 1729: 1698: 1652: 1621: 1570: 1549: 1533: 1515: 1499: 1483: 1467: 1449: 1386: 1365: 1304: 1276: 1200: 876: 860: 819: 803: 762: 726: 705: 650: 614: 94: 86: 76: 68: 60: 52: 38: 21: 431: 359:A Brief Introduction to Karst and Caves in Brazil 532:at Sociedade Brasileira de Espeleologia Website 198:detach from the huge layer of the same mineral. 551: 8: 410:Confederacao Nacional de Municipios (2011). 121:and 143 km (88.9 mi) northwest of 4273: 4260: 3601: 3584: 3049: 3036: 2203: 2190: 611: 598: 566:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and 558: 544: 536: 317:, the smallest and most emblematic of the 146:Maquiné finds itself facing north, with a 27: 18: 430:Ben Box; Jane Egginton; Mick Day (2003). 365:. UK: University of Bristol. p. 190. 155:, presenting also other minerals such as 3333:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site 469:Pré-história do Mato Grosso: Santa Elina 376:Revista brasileira de geografia (1975). 348: 237:adorn the opposite edges of the basin. 523:Cavernas do Brasil - Gruta de Maquiné 405: 403: 401: 399: 397: 7: 4715:Tourist attractions in Minas Gerais 14: 1721:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica 884:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site 679:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes 466:Vialou, Águeda Vilhena (2005). 438:. Footprint Handbooks. p.  356:A. Auler, A.R. Farrant (2007). 280:Considered as the "cradle" of 1: 493:Felizardo, Alexandre (2010). 413:Historico da Gruta de Maquine 1909:Other caves with decoration 991:Other caves with decoration 913:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil 589:Caves containing pictograms 4731: 1893:Other World Heritage Sites 980:Other World Heritage Sites 579:Paleoanthropological sites 379:Tipos e aspectos do Brasil 4629: 4272: 4259: 3600: 3583: 3048: 3035: 2202: 2189: 610: 597: 574: 26: 4557:Northern Mariana Islands 499:. Bookess. p. 171. 314:Nothrotherium maquinense 113:: Maquiné Grotto), also 338:List of caves in Brazil 3081:Manyana Rock Paintings 1132:La Chapelle-aux-Saints 4710:Caves of Minas Gerais 4676:19.12528°S 44.35278°W 3644:Actun Tunichil Muknal 4705:Show caves in Brazil 4681:-19.12528; -44.35278 3218:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa 2158:Red Lady of Paviland 1050:Mayrières supérieure 419:. CNM. pp. 1–2. 115:Lapa Nova de Maquiné 4672: /  4033:Colorado Millennial 2671:Shiraho Saonetabaru 1475:Bukuroshja e Fjetur 3851:Dominican Republic 3612:Cueva de las Manos 2508:Huto and Kamarband 1918:Barranc del Migdia 1804:Caves in Cantabria 1228:Hohlenstein-Stadel 1035:Grotte de Gabillou 1020:La Chaire a Calvin 528:2006-11-04 at the 319:terrestrial sloths 296:Peter Wilhelm Lund 125:, in the State of 4655: 4654: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4255: 4254: 4251: 4250: 3768:Piedras del Tunjo 3700:Toca da Tira Peia 3579: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3026: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2180: 1821:Hornos de la Peña 506:978-85-62418-93-8 454:Gruta de Maquine. 253:calcium carbonate 153:calcium carbonate 104: 103: 4722: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4668: 4665: 4574:Papua New Guinea 4274: 4261: 4213:Stanfield-Worley 4188:Rockhouse Cliffs 3602: 3585: 3453:Howieson's Poort 3150:Enkapune Ya Muto 3050: 3037: 2503:Eshkaft-e Siahoo 2204: 2191: 1958:Peñas de Cabrera 1258:Kleine Feldhofer 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2115: 2110: 2108:Creswell Crags 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2088:Aveline's Hole 2084: 2082: 2081:United Kingdom 2078: 2077: 2075: 2074: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2030:Santa Catalina 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1825:Monte Castillo 1822: 1819: 1814: 1811: 1801: 1796: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1706:Hadži-Prodan's 1702: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1521: 1519: 1513: 1512: 1510: 1509: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1455: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 988: 987: 982: 976: 975: 970: 965: 960: 957: 952: 949: 944: 943:Laugerie-Haute 941: 939:Laugerie-Basse 936: 931: 926: 921: 920:Abri Chadourne 918: 915: 910: 909: 908: 903: 897: 892: 889: 886: 880: 878: 874: 873: 871: 870: 864: 862: 858: 857: 855: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 823: 821: 820:Czech Republic 817: 816: 814: 813: 807: 805: 801: 800: 798: 797: 792: 790:Romuald's Cave 787: 782: 777: 772: 766: 764: 760: 759: 757: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 730: 728: 724: 723: 721: 720: 715: 709: 707: 703: 702: 700: 699: 694: 689: 684: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 658: 654: 652: 648: 647: 645: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 618: 616: 608: 607: 602: 595: 594: 592: 591: 586: 584:Cave paintings 581: 575: 572: 571: 568:cave paintings 565: 563: 562: 555: 548: 540: 534: 533: 518: 517:External links 515: 513: 512: 505: 485: 478: 458: 448: 422: 393: 368: 347: 345: 342: 341: 340: 333: 330: 286:Peter Claussen 277: 274: 273: 272: 256: 238: 221: 218:Fourth chamber 215: 205: 202:Second Chamber 199: 181:speleothematic 176: 173: 143: 140: 138: 135: 123:Belo Horizonte 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 62: 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 40: 36: 35: 32: 24: 23: 16:Cave in Brazil 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4727: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4688: 4685: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4642:Cave painting 4640: 4638: 4637:List of caves 4635: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4518:New Caledonia 4515: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4424:New Guinea II 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4399:Mannalargenna 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4168:On Your Knees 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4093:Hidden Valley 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996:United States 3994: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3915:Guilá Naquitz 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3900:Dzibilchaltún 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3680:Pedra Pintada 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3594:South America 3591: 3586: 3582: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3458:Klasies River 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3433:Byneskranskop 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3223:Ifri Oudadane 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3193: 3192:Uan Muhuggiag 3190: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3114: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2898:Batadombalena 2896: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2754:Ras Baalbek I 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2590:Nahal Me'arot 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2174: 2173:Windmill Hill 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2118:Heathery Burn 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1853:Tito Bustillo 1851: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1834:Las Chimeneas 1833: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1660:Akhshtyrskaya 1658: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1608:Pego do Diabo 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1399:Arene Candide 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1286:Devil's Tower 1284: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1060:Pair-non-Pair 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1045:Le Mas-d'Azil 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 995:Arcy-sur-Cure 993: 990: 989: 986: 983: 981: 978: 977: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 958: 956: 953: 950: 948: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 934:Font-de-Gaume 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 919: 916: 914: 911: 907: 904: 902:Abri Castanet 901: 900: 899:Castel Merle 898: 896: 893: 890: 887: 885: 882: 881: 879: 875: 869: 866: 865: 863: 859: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 822: 818: 812: 809: 808: 806: 802: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 767: 765: 761: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 729: 725: 719: 716: 714: 711: 710: 708: 704: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 659: 656: 655: 653: 649: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 600: 596: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 576: 573: 569: 561: 556: 554: 549: 547: 542: 541: 538: 531: 527: 524: 521: 520: 516: 508: 502: 498: 497: 489: 486: 481: 479:85-314-0861-X 475: 471: 470: 462: 459: 455: 451: 449:1-903471-44-3 445: 441: 436: 435: 426: 423: 415: 414: 406: 404: 402: 400: 398: 394: 389: 385: 381: 380: 372: 369: 361: 360: 352: 349: 343: 339: 336: 335: 331: 329: 327: 322: 320: 316: 315: 310: 306: 302: 297: 294: 291: 287: 283: 275: 270: 265: 260: 257: 254: 250: 246: 242: 241:Sixth chamber 239: 236: 232: 229: 225: 224:Fifth chamber 222: 219: 216: 213: 209: 208:Third chamber 206: 203: 200: 197: 193: 189: 188:First chamber 186: 185: 184: 182: 174: 172: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 149: 141: 136: 134: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 100: 97: 93: 89: 85: 82: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 48: 44: 41: 37: 30: 25: 20: 4657: 4449:Wargata Mina 4409:Murrawijinie 4344:Eagles Reach 4339:Devil's Lair 4243:Wilson Butte 4028:Cherry Creek 4018:Bull Thistle 3763:Chiribiquete 3721:Charlie Lake 3674: 3649:Barton Creek 3463:Melkhoutboom 3403:Sterkfontein 3393:Plovers Lake 3326:South Africa 3228:Jebel Irhoud 3213:Ifri N'Ammar 2948:Turkmenistan 2913:Hunugalagala 2697:Iraq ed-Dubb 2462:Jeriji Saléh 2123:High Pasture 1680:Shulgan-Tash 1603:Pedra Furada 1424: 1263:Lichtenstein 1253:Brillenhöhle 1182:Le Regourdou 1142:La Ferrassie 1137:Combe Grenal 1080:Trois Frères 1015:Fontéchevade 968:La Madeleine 622:Drachenhöhle 495: 488: 468: 461: 453: 433: 425: 412: 378: 371: 358: 351: 323: 312: 282:paleontology 279: 276:Paleontology 258: 240: 223: 217: 207: 201: 187: 178: 145: 127:Minas Gerais 114: 106: 105: 43:Minas Gerais 4679: / 4535:New Zealand 4359:Gwion Gwion 4228:Trail Creek 4153:Meadowcroft 4113:Last Supper 4043:Daugherty's 3905:Las Flechas 3690:Rei do Mato 3414:Other caves 3398:Rising Star 3373:Makapansgat 3338:Bolt's Farm 3155:Njoro River 2998:Teshik-Tash 2993:Obi-Rakhmat 2977:Yarımburgaz 2877:Lapuz Lapuz 2855:Philippines 2764:Nachcharini 2759:Ras El Kelb 2718:Tam Pa Ling 2713:Tham An Mah 2595:Nahal Hemar 2343:Zhoukoudian 2318:Guanyindong 2292:Laang Spean 2214:Darra-e Kur 2207:Afghanistan 2153:Portbraddon 2143:Marble Arch 2056:Wildkirchli 2044:Switzerland 1980:Other caves 1953:Ojo Guareña 1933:Maltravieso 1928:Los Casares 1903:Siega Verde 1868:Los Aviones 1863:Santimamiñe 1837:Las Monedas 1830:El Castillo 1737:Čertova pec 1685:Mezmaiskaya 1593:Lagar Velho 1525:Cocev Kamen 1404:Balzi Rossi 1244:Other caves 1233:Sirgenstein 1162:Le Moustier 1152:Fontbrégoua 1112:Bonne-Femme 1092:Other caves 811:Aetokremnos 754:Utroba Cave 660:Claminforge 657:Belle-Roche 305:stalactites 301:stalagmites 192:stalagmites 137:Description 119:Cordisburgo 109:(MG-0243) ( 4694:Categories 4667:44°21′10″W 4647:Speleology 4464:Wellington 4419:Naracoorte 4404:Mudgegonga 4389:Madjedbebe 4354:Gabarnmung 4294:Ballawinne 4284:Abrakurrie 4183:Pictograph 3961:Qillqatani 3956:Pikimachay 3951:Guitarrero 3946:Chivateros 3925:Oxtotitlán 3778:Tequendama 3488:Wonderwerk 3468:Nelson Bay 3448:Elands Bay 3408:Swartkrans 3353:Gladysvale 3300:Somaliland 3247:Mozambique 3187:Haua Fteah 2986:Uzbekistan 2651:Minatogawa 2646:Kosegasawa 2600:Nahal Oren 2544:Hazar Merd 2513:Qaleh Bozi 2498:Do-Ashkaft 2395:Satsurblia 2362:East Timor 2239:Azerbaijan 2128:Kendrick's 2093:Bontnewydd 2015:Don Gaspar 1968:Praileaitz 1923:Las Caldas 1841:La Pasiega 1768:Divje Babe 1690:Okladnikov 1675:Ignatievka 1598:Pala Pinta 1507:Għar Dalam 1484:Luxembourg 1459:St Brelade 1441:Villabruna 1352:Stravomyti 1342:Megalakkos 1327:Eileithyia 1312:Alepotrypa 1223:Hohle Fels 1109:Balauzière 1065:Pech Merle 973:Rouffignac 947:La Micoque 929:Cro-Magnon 888:Bara Bahau 832:Býčí skála 780:Vela Spila 739:Devetashka 734:Bacho Kiro 344:References 309:Quaternary 293:naturalist 264:watersheds 235:Roman bath 175:Morphology 4664:19°7′31″S 4613:Nanumanga 4597:Falemauga 4508:Makauwahi 4277:Australia 4233:Trinchera 4108:La Grange 4078:Gatecliff 4073:Franktown 4068:Fort Rock 4048:Dry Creek 3966:Toquepala 3930:Sac Actun 3920:Ox Bel Ha 3910:Frightful 3895:Coxcatlan 3874:Long Mile 3628:Quadiriki 3605:Argentina 3443:Diepkloof 3428:Boomplaas 3383:Minnaar's 3368:Kromdraai 3317:Laas Geel 3312:Dhaymoole 3307:Dhambalin 3270:Apollo 11 3171:Liphofung 3097:Shum Laka 3060:Gueldaman 3014:Con Moong 2891:Sri Lanka 2838:Palestine 2812:Padah-Lin 2749:Ksar Akil 2681:Yamashita 2666:Pinza-Abu 2472:Pettakere 2467:Liang Bua 2450:Indonesia 2436:Pahargarh 2421:Bhimbetka 2379:Lene Hara 2369:Jerimalai 2348:Zengpiyan 2338:Yuchanyan 2138:Long Hole 2035:del Valle 2010:dels Bous 1963:la Pileta 1898:Atapuerca 1813:Covalanas 1711:Pešturina 1639:Muierilor 1629:Coliboaia 1541:Svarthola 1357:Theopetra 1347:Petralona 1332:Franchthi 1322:Asphendou 1278:Gibraltar 1248:Baumann's 1238:Vogelherd 1213:Bockstein 1192:Vallonnet 1187:Rochereil 1177:Raymonden 1167:Noisetier 1119:Bruniquel 1040:Marsoulas 1030:Lombrives 1025:La Marche 951:La Mouthe 917:Abri Audi 895:Cap Blanc 837:Koněprusy 827:Amatérská 795:Veternica 744:Kozarnika 718:Ledenjača 642:Tischofer 632:Lurgrotte 249:alabaster 231:limestone 228:fluorspar 142:Geography 131:handrails 81:Limestone 69:Discovery 4454:Warratyi 4439:Tarragal 4429:Nunamira 4414:Murujuga 4379:Kutikina 4374:Koonalda 4369:Koongine 4329:Cliefden 4324:Cave Bay 4223:Tomaquag 4208:Sisyphus 4138:Mantle's 4128:Lovelock 4123:LoDaisKa 4103:Humboldt 3987:Werehpai 3980:Suriname 3890:Chan Hol 3809:Centella 3799:Ambrosio 3751:Colombia 3716:Bluefish 3560:Zimbabwe 3497:Tanzania 3483:Stadsaal 3388:Motsetsi 3358:Gondolin 3348:Drimolen 3343:Cooper's 3238:Taforalt 3208:Hercules 3134:Swimmers 3106:DR Congo 3090:Cameroon 3069:Botswana 2939:Tham Lod 2929:Pha Taem 2922:Thailand 2903:Belilena 2821:Pakistan 2789:Mongolia 2773:Malaysia 2734:Antelias 2676:Tobayama 2630:Zuttiyeh 2549:Shanidar 2411:Ambadevi 2328:Tianyuan 2308:Baishiya 2285:Cambodia 2025:El Mirón 2020:Guanches 1995:Armintxe 1913:Bacinete 1858:Altxerri 1847:El Pendo 1817:La Garma 1799:Altamira 1756:Slovenia 1747:Jasovská 1730:Slovakia 1716:Risovača 1670:Denisova 1634:Cuciulat 1588:Furninha 1583:Escoural 1571:Portugal 1562:Paradise 1557:Obłazowa 1491:Loschbur 1431:Paglicci 1414:Corbeddu 1296:Vanguard 1291:Gorham's 1172:La Quina 1115:Bouillon 1102:Aurignac 906:Reverdit 891:Bernifal 770:Grapčeva 727:Bulgaria 687:Scladina 674:Naulette 637:Salzofen 526:Archived 332:See also 288:and the 39:Location 4565:Chugai' 4547:Ruakuri 4482:Gadao's 4459:Warreen 4394:Mammoth 4364:Jenolan 4309:Blanche 4289:Acheron 4266:Oceania 4238:Ventana 4218:Tainter 4193:Russell 4178:Pendejo 4173:Paisley 4133:Mammoth 4053:Durango 4013:Bonfire 3867:Jamaica 3834:Curaçao 3773:Sáchica 3758:El Abra 3742:Milodón 3685:Peruaçu 3675:Maquiné 3567:Bambata 3546:Kalemba 3418:Blombos 3363:Haasgat 3284:Nigeria 3263:Namibia 3201:Morocco 3164:Lesotho 3076:Tsodilo 3053:Algeria 3007:Vietnam 2967:Belbaşı 2953:Dzhebel 2908:Fa Hien 2867:Kalanay 2828:Sanghao 2805:Myanmar 2744:Kaukaba 2727:Lebanon 2615:Raqefet 2585:Misliya 2570:HaYonim 2518:Warwasi 2493:Darband 2488:Bisitun 2457:Harimau 2431:Gudiyam 2426:Edakkal 2388:Georgia 2333:Xianren 2261:Damjili 2256:Buzeyir 2230:Areni-1 2223:Armenia 2148:Oldbury 2113:Gough's 2098:Cathole 2072:Verteba 2065:Ukraine 1622:Romania 1613:Salemas 1578:Aroeira 1409:Cavallo 1394:Addaura 1373:Baradla 1366:Hungary 1317:Apidima 1201:Germany 1157:Lazaret 1085:Villars 1005:Cosquer 985:Chauvet 963:Lascaux 861:Finland 785:Vindija 775:Krapina 763:Croatia 683:Ramioul 651:Belgium 627:Gudenus 615:Austria 388:3059711 269:plaster 245:mammoth 148:portico 111:English 95:Website 77:Geology 4606:Tuvalu 4542:Moncks 4526:Pindai 4501:Hawaii 4492:Talagi 4487:Mahlac 4349:Fossil 4334:Cloggs 4319:Burrup 4198:Sandia 4143:Marmes 4088:Hidden 4083:Graham 4038:Danger 4023:Burnet 3883:Mexico 3858:Pomier 3819:Patana 3804:Calero 3783:Tibitó 3709:Canada 3670:Gentio 3663:Brazil 3637:Belize 3551:Mumbwa 3539:Zambia 3523:Uganda 3504:Kondoa 3478:Sibudu 3423:Border 3378:Malapa 3254:Ngalue 3129:Beasts 3113:Matupi 3042:Africa 2972:Karain 2960:Turkey 2934:Spirit 2872:Minori 2862:Callao 2846:Shuqba 2690:Jordan 2661:Ōzakai 2656:Muroya 2605:Qafzeh 2575:Kebara 2558:Israel 2528:Yafteh 2523:Wezmeh 2353:Zhiren 2266:Tağlar 2168:Thor's 2103:Coygan 2051:Bichon 2005:Bedmar 1973:Sidrón 1809:Chufín 1742:Domica 1699:Serbia 1653:Russia 1550:Poland 1534:Norway 1468:Kosovo 1451:Jersey 1436:Romito 1378:Szelim 1337:Kleidi 1305:Greece 1010:Cussac 1000:Gargas 955:Pataud 877:France 847:Mladeč 804:Cyprus 749:Magura 713:Badanj 706:Bosnia 604:Europe 503:  476:  446:  386:  290:Danish 196:quartz 165:quartz 161:gypsum 157:silica 90:MG 231 87:Access 61:Length 47:Brazil 4590:Samoa 4444:Ubirr 4434:ORS 7 4203:Shoup 4163:Mummy 4158:Modoc 4148:Martz 4098:Hogup 4008:Baker 3824:Pluma 3730:Chile 3695:Santo 3621:Aruba 3590:North 3530:Nyero 3514:Mumba 3438:Cango 3180:Libya 3143:Kenya 3122:Egypt 3019:Ngườm 2882:Tabon 2739:Jeita 2639:Japan 2625:Tabun 2620:Skhul 2610:Qesem 2580:Manot 2441:Tikla 2416:Belum 2404:India 2374:Laili 2323:Luobi 2313:Fuyan 2301:China 2276:Gazma 2251:Azykh 2246:Allar 2133:Kents 2000:Axlor 1990:Antón 1985:Ángel 1943:Nerja 1881:Araña 1787:Spain 1778:Potok 1773:Pekel 1763:Betal 1500:Malta 1425:Felci 1387:Italy 1268:Ofnet 1128:Cauna 1124:Calès 1097:Arago 1075:Renne 1055:Niaux 852:Šipka 842:Kůlna 669:Goyet 664:Engis 417:(PDF) 363:(PDF) 212:niche 53:Depth 4633:Cave 4581:Kilu 4474:Guam 4314:Bone 4118:Levi 4058:Dust 3939:Peru 3842:Hato 3814:Cura 3792:Cuba 3737:Fell 3592:and 3509:Bahi 2780:Niah 2706:Laos 2565:Amud 2537:Iraq 2481:Iran 2196:Asia 2163:Sand 1948:Niño 1644:Oase 1419:Deer 1147:Fées 868:Wolf 501:ISBN 474:ISBN 444:ISBN 384:OCLC 326:Saxe 303:and 169:iron 167:and 72:1825 3291:Rop 2271:Zar 1106:Azé 692:Spy 440:231 64:650 4696:: 452:. 442:. 396:^ 163:, 159:, 56:18 45:, 1877:) 559:e 552:t 545:v 509:. 482:. 390:.

Index


Minas Gerais
Brazil
Limestone
Gruta de Maquiné
English
Cordisburgo
Belo Horizonte
Minas Gerais
handrails
portico
calcium carbonate
silica
gypsum
quartz
iron
speleothematic
stalagmites
quartz
niche
fluorspar
limestone
Roman bath
mammoth
alabaster
calcium carbonate
watersheds
plaster
paleontology
Peter Claussen

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