3437:
chain reaction leading to more emigration, and brought their community structures with them. For example, nearly the entire population of at least two
Georgian towns made aliyah. At the time the emigration started, Israel had a policy of scattering the population around the country, and was experiencing a housing shortage, with the result that Georgians were assigned housing in different parts of the country. The Georgians began demanding that they be concentrated together, and the crisis reached a fever pitch when several families threatened to return to Georgia, and new immigrants, forewarned by predecessors, began demanding to be placed in specific areas upon arrival. Although Prime Minister
148:
3326:
3002:
236:
3305:
196:
3828:
3470:
3395:
3274:
3227:
3179:
3089:
7034:
4954:
276:
4424:
3446:
was religion; the
Georgian Jews were often devout and had fiercely clung to their traditions in the Soviet Union, and were stunned to discover that Israeli Jews were mostly secular. As a result, Georgian immigrants demanded their own separate synagogues to continue their unique religious traditions, which the government agreed to, and enrolled their children in religious schools rather than regular schools.
3455:
4964:
7076:
256:
216:
3771:
38:
176:
7088:
7048:
295:
3210:
3445:
In Israel, Georgian immigrants successfully integrated into society, but faced certain problems. Georgian immigrants were usually able to find jobs with ease, and often worked in light industry jobs, such as dock workers, porters, and construction workers, but faced certain issues. One major issue
3436:
While most Soviet Jewish emigration was individual, Georgian-Jewish emigration was communal. Due to
Georgian-Jewish traditions of strong, extended families and the strict, patriarchal nature of Georgian families, Georgians immigrated as whole communities, with emigration of individuals causing a
2985:, is the oldest and only Georgian source concerning the history of the Jewish community in Georgia. The chronicle describes a version similar to that offered centuries later by Leonti Mroveli, but the period of Jewish migration into Georgia is ascribed to
3441:
criticized the
Georgians' desire to "isolate themselves into ghettos", the Israeli Immigrant Absorption Ministry eventually bowed to their demands, and began to create concentrations of around 200 families in twelve areas of the country.
3075:
carried out on
Georgian Jews as part of a wider survey showed close genetic links with other Jews, and in particular with Iraqi and Persian Jews. This seemed to prove the historical accounts of Jewish migration from Persia into Georgia.
4087:
The
Wellspring of Georgian Historiography: The Early Medieval Historical Chronicle The Conversion of Katli and The Life of St. Nino, Constantine B. Lerner, England: Bennett and Bloom, London, 2004, p. 60
3547:
Georgia's population almost doubled between 1926 and 1970, then began declining, with dramatic declines in the 1970s and 1990s, when many
Georgian Jews left and moved to other countries, especially to
3261:, excluding the Tsarist government. For many centuries, the Church in Georgia did not incite against the Jews, and the Georgian Jews were visibly assimilated in the country's rural life and culture.
2864:). As of 2014, only about 1,500 Georgian Jews remained in Georgia. According to the 2002 First General National Census of Georgia, there are 3,541 Jewish believers in the country. For example, the
1382:
1960:
1615:
1310:
1502:
5000:
2710:
474:
3355:
6538:
1497:
7118:
2961:
territory in return for tribute. He gave and settled them on the Aragvi, at spring which was called Zanavi, which was later renamed as Zanavi, the quarter of Jews."
6928:
4843:
1745:
5128:
5611:
5058:
4888:
1999:
6888:
984:
947:
4231:
5406:
4021:
2977:
During their reign, Vespasian, the emperor of the Romans, captured
Jerusalem. From there refugee Jews come to Mtskheta and settled with the old Jews."
5265:
5078:
2997:, exiled by the Chaldeans, and requested the land for tribute from the Lord of the Bun T'urks . And they settled in Zanavi. And they possessed it...
2912:
Georgian-speaking Jewry is one of the oldest surviving Jewish communities in the world. The
Georgian Jews have an approximately 2,600-year history in
1923:
5435:
5103:
4993:
4678:
1946:
3738:. Besides speaking Judaeo-Georgian, the Georgian Jews speak the languages of the peoples surrounding them. In Georgia, these include Georgian and
6934:
5275:
4868:
1296:
6034:
5488:
5363:
5315:
5190:
5185:
4919:
4883:
4788:
2703:
1873:
1808:
1690:
6029:
994:
5320:
5150:
4893:
4595:
1432:
6049:
6044:
5468:
5325:
4986:
4929:
4838:
4803:
4334:
1700:
1517:
1507:
747:
4408:
6861:
5738:
5250:
4728:
4723:
4618:
2096:
2046:
2011:
1705:
1570:
1437:
4514:
Shapira, Dan (2008). "Gleanings on Jews of
Greater Iran under the Sasanians: (According to the Oldest Armenian and Georgian Texts)".
4444:
4145:
5889:
5743:
5220:
5180:
5160:
5140:
5043:
4848:
4823:
4738:
4718:
4668:
4638:
4628:
3810:
3377:
3021:, to escape severe persecution by the Byzantines. The existence of the Jews in these regions during this period is supported by the
2784:
2696:
1788:
1750:
1725:
1645:
1630:
1477:
1417:
1372:
121:
4380:
7123:
5798:
5706:
5353:
5155:
4934:
4813:
4808:
4688:
2081:
2063:
1969:
1863:
1715:
1710:
1635:
1600:
1467:
6963:
6157:
5358:
5305:
5280:
5235:
5230:
5205:
5063:
4878:
4828:
4783:
4763:
4753:
4653:
3040:, Jewish communities existed in Georgia in the 1st century. A Georgian Jew called Elias was said to be in Jerusalem during the
2599:
2498:
2053:
2036:
1989:
1888:
1798:
1735:
1685:
1665:
1660:
1580:
1554:
1529:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1367:
1362:
5348:
5839:
5399:
5270:
5260:
5210:
5170:
5123:
5118:
5108:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5068:
5053:
5048:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
4924:
4853:
4768:
4748:
4633:
4623:
3792:
3788:
3017:
during the 6th century CE. Approximately 3,000 of the Jews fled to Eastern Georgia, which by that time was controlled by the
2957:
Then King Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem. The Jews who fled thence come to Kartli and requested from the mamasakhlisi of
2072:
2058:
2026:
2006:
1974:
1918:
1893:
1868:
1848:
1838:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1755:
1670:
1655:
1575:
1534:
1487:
1482:
1402:
1347:
59:
55:
102:
7113:
6940:
6261:
5368:
5310:
5255:
5245:
5225:
5215:
5200:
5195:
5175:
5145:
5113:
5098:
5073:
5009:
4898:
4833:
4798:
4733:
4713:
4703:
4663:
4293:
3891:
3030:
2493:
2031:
2016:
1979:
1941:
1913:
1903:
1898:
1883:
1878:
1858:
1843:
1828:
1803:
1769:
1740:
1640:
1625:
1549:
1539:
1457:
1427:
1352:
1338:
74:
7066:
7003:
4758:
3996:
3524:, there were 12,194 people whose native language was "Jewish" in the two provinces that largely covered today's Georgia:
974:
6871:
6866:
6054:
6039:
5803:
5758:
5503:
5285:
5240:
5165:
5135:
4858:
4818:
4793:
4773:
4708:
4683:
4673:
4658:
2101:
2021:
1984:
1908:
1853:
1720:
1695:
1620:
1595:
1585:
1524:
1447:
1442:
1422:
1412:
1392:
1377:
1270:
738:
733:
3338:
2779:
in the 6th century BCE. It is one of the oldest communities in the region. They are also widely distinguished from the
6968:
6953:
5834:
5694:
4778:
4743:
4698:
4693:
3155:
2930:
2091:
2086:
2041:
1994:
1680:
1650:
1610:
1605:
1462:
768:
364:
5373:
3348:
3342:
3334:
3124:
81:
6922:
6816:
6467:
6361:
6069:
6002:
5563:
5453:
4648:
4643:
2565:
2410:
2118:
1512:
708:
698:
434:
5343:
4939:
3781:
1055:
48:
7038:
6978:
6876:
6856:
6726:
6651:
6511:
6378:
6064:
6024:
5392:
4252:
2679:
2372:
2223:
2164:
3359:
7080:
6958:
6789:
6088:
5963:
4610:
4588:
4228:
3509:
2810:
2739:
2382:
2362:
1472:
952:
493:
88:
4051:
6911:
6900:
6494:
6415:
6120:
6019:
5958:
5938:
5844:
5817:
4029:
4001:
3939:
3072:
2814:
2523:
2513:
2478:
2357:
2347:
2130:
1301:
1243:
1077:
756:
713:
428:
3001:
7108:
6947:
6917:
5980:
3501:
2757:
2642:
2377:
2291:
1357:
909:
528:
498:
70:
3131:
sect called the Tiflis Sect ("Tiflisites"), which lasted for more than 300 years. The sect deviated from
904:
6973:
6894:
6676:
6383:
6266:
6007:
5997:
5990:
5975:
5861:
4215:
3983:
3699:
3521:
2533:
2528:
2473:
2261:
1176:
891:
786:
503:
147:
3872:
3044:
and brought Jesus' robe back with him to Georgia. He had acquired it from a Roman soldier at Golgotha.
7008:
6998:
6501:
5473:
4133:, Leʼah Miḳdash-Shemaʻʼilov, Liya Mikdash-Shamailov, Muzeʼon Yiśraʼel (Jerusalem), UPNE, 2002, page 9
3977:
3895:
3146:
customs. This sect did not represent the great majority of Georgian Jews, who adhered to traditional
2776:
2604:
2556:
2296:
2154:
967:
832:
821:
779:
4534:
2926:, is debated. The most popular view is that the first Jews made their way to southern Georgia after
6656:
6624:
6550:
6459:
6405:
6012:
5812:
5546:
5511:
4908:
4581:
4485:
3863:
3459:
2986:
2802:
and culture. The Georgian Jews were considered ethnically and culturally distinct from neighboring
2657:
1030:
897:
800:
793:
723:
611:
486:
4963:
6988:
6983:
6794:
6516:
6393:
6388:
6373:
6343:
6296:
6219:
6125:
5985:
5558:
5463:
5430:
4320:
4306:
3922:
3913:, born Temur Sepiashvili, an immigrant New York taxi driver turned businessman and philanthropist
3529:
3525:
3159:
3120:
2865:
2508:
2458:
2405:
2400:
2314:
2184:
1452:
1281:
1040:
960:
814:
380:
6271:
6147:
2844:
The community, which numbered almost 60,000 as recently as the 1970s, has largely emigrated to
6772:
6703:
6585:
6570:
6353:
6224:
6189:
5478:
4211:
4185:
3926:
3731:
3720:
3458:
Israel's 60th independence day celebration in Tbilisi, Georgia attended by Georgian President
3163:
3055:
2927:
2799:
2794:
in 1801, the 2,600-year history of the Georgian Jews was marked by an almost total absence of
2772:
2728:
2652:
2594:
2574:
2391:
1951:
1590:
1050:
921:
851:
728:
641:
508:
319:
221:
4341:
4166:"Judeo-Georgian Language as an Identity Marker of Georgian Jews (The Jews Living in Georgia)"
6838:
6806:
6767:
6738:
6721:
6671:
6472:
6281:
6214:
6167:
6115:
6083:
6074:
6059:
5933:
5908:
5884:
5768:
5699:
5616:
5483:
4523:
4405:
4177:
3916:
Dr. Yuri Busi, born Yuri Busiashvili, who was known for being the physician for the actress
3899:
3747:
3739:
3433:, and many applied for exit visas. Georgian Jews made up a large percentage of this number.
3304:
3147:
3014:
2938:
2918:
2893:
2622:
2503:
2463:
2427:
2125:
1675:
1186:
942:
846:
761:
651:
443:
331:
327:
2994:
95:
6748:
6743:
6555:
6482:
6315:
6286:
6209:
6199:
6162:
6137:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5928:
5923:
5913:
5898:
5689:
5606:
5573:
5531:
5521:
4554:
4412:
4235:
4149:
4142:
3735:
3724:
3716:
3128:
2830:
2748:
2584:
2543:
2538:
2518:
2440:
2434:
2367:
2319:
2159:
2140:
1291:
1020:
932:
915:
459:
323:
315:
4202:
Batumi Archeological Museum, seen March 2020; also Tbilisi Jewish Museum, seen March 2020
3013:
Georgian sources also refer to the arrival of the first Jews in Western Georgia from the
6449:
4098:
3929:-Jewish political scientist, ex diplomat, and politician, currently residing in the U.S.
2973:. He wrote that Jews lived in Georgia long before 1st century CE. According to Mroveli:
406:
7092:
7052:
7027:
6848:
6755:
6713:
6693:
6681:
6661:
6575:
6565:
6533:
6526:
6506:
6477:
6444:
6410:
6320:
6244:
6234:
6172:
5970:
5918:
5829:
5824:
5586:
5581:
5516:
5445:
4384:
3743:
3022:
3018:
2950:
2834:
2791:
2780:
2684:
2483:
2352:
2338:
2218:
2197:
2174:
2169:
2147:
2135:
1730:
1211:
1145:
1110:
1088:
1025:
863:
841:
703:
682:
658:
424:
3827:
3469:
3394:
3273:
3226:
3178:
3088:
7102:
6821:
6666:
6593:
6400:
6334:
6307:
6256:
6204:
6177:
6152:
6142:
5903:
5849:
5783:
5763:
5753:
5748:
5721:
5596:
5541:
4957:
3903:
3887:
3751:
3691:
3687:
3258:
2897:
2881:
2849:
2803:
2632:
2627:
1760:
1286:
1135:
1130:
1115:
1093:
1045:
807:
646:
551:
513:
464:
201:
6801:
6598:
6560:
6521:
6110:
5854:
5793:
5773:
5733:
5716:
5684:
5672:
5633:
5551:
5526:
3917:
3876:
3454:
3257:
The tradition of the relationship between Jews and other Georgians has no signs of
2966:
2795:
2662:
2488:
2329:
2324:
2282:
2235:
1329:
1196:
1181:
1140:
1105:
718:
560:
368:
4366:
6811:
6326:
6251:
6229:
6132:
5726:
5655:
5650:
5638:
5628:
4978:
4967:
4463:
3910:
3770:
3426:
3041:
3037:
2901:
2829:
The Georgian Jews traditionally lived separately, not only from the surrounding
2647:
2589:
2254:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1120:
37:
4165:
3209:
6905:
6612:
6194:
5788:
5536:
5458:
4573:
4181:
3438:
2965:
Mroveli added that a further settlement of the Jews in Georgia was during the
2305:
1319:
1248:
1206:
1035:
1015:
574:
481:
401:
281:
4527:
4189:
3980:(born 1960), businessman and philanthropist based in St Petersburg and Israel
3429:, huge numbers of Soviet Jews began protesting for the right to immigrate to
3047:
The Jews spoke Georgian, and later Jewish traders developed a dialect called
6826:
6291:
6182:
6093:
5711:
5645:
3965:
3867:
3695:
3158:. The nature of Georgian Jew's observance to rabbinic law was also noted by
3062:
2970:
2934:
2885:
2468:
2453:
1543:
1491:
1253:
1201:
1191:
872:
868:
858:
773:
533:
355:
5662:
1221:
4458:
6545:
6487:
6432:
6427:
6098:
3948:. In Israel, most Georgian Jews settled near the coast in cities such as
3727:
3136:
3132:
3026:
3006:
2958:
2946:
2637:
2247:
2179:
1010:
518:
469:
4562:
4118:
6760:
6644:
6639:
6629:
6617:
6437:
6422:
6366:
6301:
6276:
6239:
6103:
5778:
5677:
5601:
5493:
5419:
4567:
3953:
3795: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3533:
3309:
3151:
3142:
3066:
3058:
conquered extensive Georgian territory, which became a province of the
2942:
2913:
2861:
2857:
2838:
2613:
2579:
2448:
2242:
1231:
1226:
1098:
989:
884:
880:
876:
625:
620:
597:
579:
454:
449:
439:
417:
392:
343:
261:
241:
4256:
4229:
Genetic study offers clues to history of North Africa's Jews | Reuters
17:
6831:
6698:
6634:
4321:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
4307:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
3957:
3945:
3548:
3541:
3537:
3505:
3430:
2873:
2869:
2853:
2845:
2818:
2273:
2268:
2228:
2213:
1324:
1216:
636:
602:
588:
523:
300:
181:
5384:
4559:
by Rachel Arbel and Lili Magal from World Congress of Georgian Jews
4459:"Georgia on Their Mind: Expats Forced To Juggle Dueling Identities"
4255:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from
4059:
6782:
6777:
6731:
6686:
6607:
6602:
5866:
5621:
5591:
3961:
1236:
665:
569:
538:
6881:
5415:
4294:
100 Georgian Jews Make Aliyah to Israel since outbreak of crisis
3568:
3059:
2889:
2877:
2768:
388:
359:
5388:
4982:
4577:
4549:
4253:"The History of the Jews of Georgia until the Communist Regime"
3051:, or Judaeo-Georgian, which included a number of Hebrew words.
3949:
3822:
3764:
3464:
3389:
3319:
3268:
3221:
3173:
3119:
There is not much documentation about Georgian Jews under the
3083:
31:
4445:
YIVO | Population and Migration: Population since World War I
4121:
By Jewish Discoveries and Harry D. Wall Feb. 7, 2015, Haaretz
3563:
3069:
and surrounding territory for nearly 500 years, until 1122.
2892:(US). Several hundred Georgian Jewish families live in the
2817:, with the world's largest community living in the city of
4406:
http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/2002_13_WJP.pdf
3839:
3481:
3406:
3285:
3238:
3190:
3127:(later known as Abu-Imran al-Tiflisi) founded a Jewish
3100:
3029:, the ancient capital of the Eastern Georgian state of
4563:
WATCH: Forget Atlanta - this is the Georgia on my mind
7064:
4131:
Mountain Jews: customs and daily life in the Caucasus
3986:(born 1984), son and partner of Mikhael Mirilashvili
2762:
2252:
2233:
656:
6847:
6712:
6584:
6458:
6352:
5883:
5572:
5502:
5444:
5334:
5296:
5016:
4907:
4867:
4609:
4447:. Yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved on 14 April 2013.
349:
337:
309:
291:
271:
251:
231:
211:
191:
171:
166:
154:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4296:. Jewishinstlouis.org. Retrieved on 16 April 2013.
3890:, the principal Georgian Jewish synagogue is the
3715:The traditional language of the Georgian Jews is
4164:Lomtadze, Tamari; Enoch, Reuven (19 June 2019).
3347:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
4383:. Demoscope.ru. 15 January 2013. Archived from
4119:Forget Atlanta - this is the Georgia on my mind
2991:
2975:
2955:
227:1,405 (not including Abkhazia or South Ossetia)
2732:
5400:
4994:
4589:
4114:
4112:
3213:Georgian Jews of Tbilisi probably around 1900
3150:while maintaining strong religious ties with
2916:. The origin of Georgian Jews, also known as
2704:
8:
4246:
4244:
3968:as well, with several prominent synagogues.
3554:
2841:, who had different practices and language.
137:
6889:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
3170:Annexation of Georgia by the Russian Empire
3065:. Arab emirs ruled in the Georgian capital
3054:In the second half of the 7th century, the
948:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
5569:
5407:
5393:
5385:
5001:
4987:
4979:
4596:
4582:
4574:
4238:. In.reuters.com. Retrieved on 2013-04-16.
3553:
3218:Anti-Semitism under the Tsarist government
2711:
2697:
2561:
2202:
1275:
1082:
687:
556:
375:
146:
136:
4276:
4274:
3811:Learn how and when to remove this message
3536:city (10.5% of the population), 2,935 in
3378:Learn how and when to remove this message
3025:evidence, which shows that Jews lived in
3009:, where Jews lived for thousands of years
2981:The ancient Georgian historic chronicle,
2868:branch of Georgian Jews have families in
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
5436:Index of Jewish history-related articles
3453:
3303:
3208:
3000:
7071:
6935:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
4013:
3504:, some 200 Georgian Jews immigrated to
2612:
2564:
2390:
2337:
2304:
2281:
2205:
2071:
1959:
1933:
1768:
1562:
1337:
1309:
1168:
1002:
931:
831:
746:
690:
610:
587:
559:
387:
4280:Michael Curtis, Mordecai S. Chertoff:
3698:(all per the 1959 Soviet census), and
2783:in Georgia, who arrived following the
3972:Notable people in Russia & Israel
3723:, characterized by a large number of
3555:Historical Georgian Jewish population
2790:Prior to Georgia's annexation by the
7:
4457:Brostoff, Marissa (14 August 2008).
4159:
4157:
3793:adding citations to reliable sources
3686:The Jewish population data includes
3166:(also known as the RABAD or RAVAD).
167:Regions with significant populations
60:adding citations to reliable sources
4282:Israel: Social Structure and Change
2752:
7119:Georgia (country)–Israel relations
6882:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
6862:American Jewish Historical Society
4538:article in the Jewish Encyclopedia
4486:"All the World Loved Lucille Ball"
3746:; in the United States and Canada
3532:(7,006). There were 3,419 Jews in
2811:major emigration wave in the 1990s
2798:and a visible assimilation in the
25:
2945:. This claim is supported by the
739:Historical population comparisons
7086:
7074:
7046:
7033:
7032:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4227:Begley, Sharon. (7 August 2012)
3826:
3769:
3468:
3393:
3324:
3272:
3225:
3177:
3087:
3005:The ancient Georgian capital of
2815:Georgian Jews now live in Israel
1383:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1297:Historical population by country
293:
274:
254:
234:
214:
194:
174:
36:
4550:World Congress of Georgian Jews
3944:Many Georgian Jews now live in
3780:needs additional citations for
3761:and diaspora outside of Georgia
3730:, and written using either the
2949:Georgian historical account by
47:needs additional citations for
6954:Relations with other religions
5010:History of the Jews in Europe
4920:British Indian Ocean Territory
3450:Independence and Georgia today
2744:
1:
6941:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
4381:"Приложение Демоскопа Weekly"
3964:. There are Georgian Jews in
3892:Congregation of Georgian Jews
2785:Russian annexation of Georgia
954:Christianity and Judaism
6872:Leo Baeck Institute New York
6867:American Sephardi Federation
5695:Constantinopolitan Karaites
4604:History of the Jews in Asia
4218:Jewish Communities Database
4170:Journal of Jewish Languages
3265:Revolution and independence
3125:Abu-Imran Musa al-Za'farani
3123:. In the late 9th century,
2763:
2253:
2234:
1961:Latin America and Caribbean
657:
7140:
6923:National Library of Israel
5564:Zionism, race and genetics
3937:
3036:According to the Georgian
2566:Jewish political movements
2263:Conversion to Judaism
7021:
6877:Yeshiva University Museum
6857:Center for Jewish History
5426:
4948:
4182:10.1163/22134638-07011146
3694:(or Central Asian Jews),
3673:
3581:—
3508:with assistance from the
2993:...the warlike seed, the
2733:
969:Hinduism and Judaism
354:
342:
314:
159:
145:
5469:Ancient Israel and Judah
4669:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4528:10.1163/157338408X406010
4425:"Powered by Google Docs"
4234:29 December 2015 at the
3997:Georgia–Israel relations
3934:Notable people in Israel
3882:Notable people in the US
3859:Notable people at sports
3333:This section includes a
2983:The Conversion of Kartli
795:Temple in Jerusalem
488:Bar and bat mitzvah
7124:Jewish Georgian history
5845:North African Sephardim
5818:Jewish tribes of Arabia
4930:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4556:Way of life and customs
4002:Georgian Jews in Israel
3940:Georgian Jews in Israel
3362:more precise citations.
3308:Old Jewish cemetery in
2894:New York tri-state area
2813:, the vast majority of
757:Twelve Tribes of Israel
6948:Holocaust Encyclopedia
6918:Jewish Virtual Library
5059:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4148:31 August 2006 at the
3520:According to the 1897
3502:2008 South Ossetia War
3462:
3312:
3214:
3010:
2999:
2979:
2963:
6895:Encyclopaedia Judaica
6677:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
5862:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
5612:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
4516:Iran and the Caucasus
4216:World Jewish Congress
4143:Statistics of Georgia
4052:"Russian census 2020"
3984:Yitzchak Mirilashvili
3522:Russian Empire Census
3457:
3307:
3212:
3004:
2767:) are a community of
1503:São Tomé and Príncipe
1498:Republic of the Congo
892:Second Temple Judaism
763:Kingdom of Judah
734:Modern historiography
350:Related ethnic groups
7114:Jewish ethnic groups
5474:Second Temple period
4844:United Arab Emirates
4411:13 June 2010 at the
3978:Mikhael Mirilashvili
3789:improve this article
3316:Contemporary Georgia
3140:in its marriage and
2833:, but also from the
2777:Babylonian captivity
2605:World Agudath Israel
1746:United Arab Emirates
833:Second Temple period
823:Babylonian captivity
56:improve this article
6912:Jewish Encyclopedia
6657:Hekhalot literature
6468:Religious movements
6003:Judeo-Tripolitanian
5297:States with limited
4871:limited recognition
4251:Ben-Oren, Gershon.
3864:Antal Yaakobishvili
3556:
3500:As a result of the
3460:Mikheil Saakashvili
2987:Alexander the Great
898:Hellenistic Judaism
476:Land of Israel
435:Principles of faith
142:
27:Jewish ethnic group
7053:Judaism portal
6989:Jews and Halloween
6984:Jews and Christmas
6374:Rabbinic authority
6126:Judaeo-Piedmontese
5559:Xueta Christianity
5464:Origins of Judaism
5431:Outline of Judaism
4387:on 12 October 2013
4367:"Население грузии"
4062:on 24 January 2020
4022:"peoplegroups.org"
3923:Temur Yakobashvili
3873:Áron Yaakobishvili
3838:. You can help by
3530:Kutais Governorate
3526:Tiflis Governorate
3480:. You can help by
3463:
3405:. You can help by
3335:list of references
3313:
3284:. You can help by
3237:. You can help by
3215:
3189:. You can help by
3160:Benjamin of Tudela
3099:. You can help by
3011:
2969:period of Emperor
2924:kartveli ebraelebi
2896:, particularly in
2854:Russian Federation
2745:kartveli ebraelebi
2734:ქართველი ებრაელები
2459:Jewish Koine Greek
2001:Dominican Republic
1282:Judaism by country
961:Jews and Christmas
816:Assyrian captivity
140:ქართველი ებრაელები
7081:Georgia (country)
7062:
7061:
7028:extinct languages
6929:YIVO Encyclopedia
6704:Hebrew literature
6672:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
6512:Reconstructionist
6190:Judaeo-Portuguese
5879:
5878:
5835:Eastern Sephardim
5479:Synagogal Judaism
5382:
5381:
4976:
4975:
4913:other territories
3856:
3855:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3750:; and in Israel,
3732:Georgian alphabet
3708:
3707:
3690:, Georgian Jews,
3498:
3497:
3423:
3422:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3302:
3301:
3255:
3254:
3207:
3206:
3164:Abraham ben David
3117:
3116:
2809:As a result of a
2800:Georgian language
2761:
2721:
2720:
2670:
2669:
2418:
2417:
2165:Reconstructionist
2109:
2108:
1261:
1260:
1068:
1067:
905:Jewish–Roman wars
853:Hasmonean dynasty
769:Kingdom of Israel
673:
672:
374:
373:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
7131:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7070:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7036:
7035:
6168:Judeo-Golpaygani
5769:Palestinian Jews
5744:Alexandrian Jews
5700:Crimean Karaites
5617:Unterlander Jews
5570:
5484:Rabbinic Judaism
5409:
5402:
5395:
5386:
5335:Dependencies and
5276:Northern Ireland
5017:Sovereign states
5003:
4996:
4989:
4980:
4966:
4956:
4955:
4925:Christmas Island
4611:Sovereign states
4598:
4591:
4584:
4575:
4531:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4421:
4415:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4346:
4340:. Archived from
4339:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4278:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4248:
4239:
4225:
4219:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4161:
4152:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4058:. Archived from
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4028:. Archived from
4026:peoplegroups.org
4018:
3898:neighborhood of
3851:
3848:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3796:
3773:
3765:
3570:
3565:
3557:
3493:
3490:
3472:
3465:
3418:
3415:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3363:
3358:this section by
3349:inline citations
3328:
3327:
3320:
3297:
3294:
3276:
3269:
3250:
3247:
3229:
3222:
3202:
3199:
3181:
3174:
3148:Rabbinic Judaism
3112:
3109:
3091:
3084:
3015:Byzantine Empire
2928:Nebuchadnezzar's
2771:who migrated to
2766:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2743:
2736:
2735:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2562:
2443:
2264:
2258:
2239:
2203:
2150:
2097:New Zealand
2049:
2012:El Salvador
2002:
1934:Northern America
1926:
1520:
1276:
1187:Crimean Karaites
1083:
1061:
1059:
980:
978:
970:
964:
955:
943:Rabbinic Judaism
924:
918:
912:
900:
888:
854:
847:Maccabean Revolt
824:
817:
811:
803:
796:
790:
782:
764:
688:
662:
557:
489:
477:
376:
299:
297:
296:
284:
280:
278:
277:
264:
260:
258:
257:
244:
240:
238:
237:
224:
220:
218:
217:
204:
200:
198:
197:
184:
180:
178:
177:
155:Total population
150:
143:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
7139:
7138:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7087:
7085:
7075:
7073:
7065:
7063:
7058:
7047:
7045:
7017:
6843:
6708:
6580:
6454:
6348:
6163:Judeo-Borujerdi
6138:Judeo-Malayalam
6084:Judeo-Aragonese
6055:Lishanid Noshan
5887:
5875:
5607:Oberlander Jews
5568:
5498:
5440:
5422:
5413:
5383:
5378:
5336:
5330:
5316:Northern Cyprus
5298:
5292:
5191:North Macedonia
5012:
5007:
4977:
4972:
4944:
4912:
4903:
4884:Northern Cyprus
4870:
4863:
4605:
4602:
4546:
4513:
4510:
4508:Further reading
4505:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4467:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4443:
4439:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4413:Wayback Machine
4404:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4350:
4348:
4347:on 14 July 2014
4344:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4288:
4279:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4259:on 18 June 2018
4250:
4249:
4242:
4236:Wayback Machine
4226:
4222:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4150:Wayback Machine
4141:
4137:
4129:
4125:
4117:
4110:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4010:
3993:
3974:
3942:
3936:
3884:
3861:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3836:needs expansion
3817:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3786:
3774:
3763:
3736:Hebrew alphabet
3719:, a variant of
3717:Judaeo-Georgian
3713:
3675:
3518:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3478:needs expansion
3452:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3403:needs expansion
3384:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3353:
3339:related reading
3329:
3325:
3318:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3282:needs expansion
3267:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3235:needs expansion
3220:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3187:needs expansion
3172:
3121:Arab domination
3113:
3107:
3104:
3097:needs expansion
3082:
3073:Genetic studies
2937:in 586 BCE and
2910:
2831:Georgian people
2827:
2764:Yahadut Georgia
2738:
2717:
2672:
2671:
2559:
2549:
2548:
2539:Judeo-Malayalam
2519:Judaeo-Georgian
2439:
2430:
2420:
2419:
2320:Yiddish theatre
2262:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2148:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2047:
2000:
1924:
1518:
1302:Genetic studies
1273:
1263:
1262:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1056:
976:
975:
968:
958:
953:
935:and Middle Ages
933:Rabbinic period
920:
914:
907:
895:
866:
852:
822:
815:
806:
798:
794:
785:
780:in Judaism
777:
762:
685:
675:
674:
554:
544:
543:
487:
475:
420:
362:
324:Judaeo-Georgian
294:
292:
275:
273:
272:
255:
253:
252:
235:
233:
232:
215:
213:
212:
195:
193:
192:
175:
173:
172:
141:
139:
135:
128:
117:
111:
108:
71:"Georgian Jews"
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7137:
7135:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7095:
7083:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7042:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6995:non-Christian
6993:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6932:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6891:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6853:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6770:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6741:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6718:
6716:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6694:Shulchan Aruch
6691:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6682:Sefer Yetzirah
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6662:Pardes Rimonim
6659:
6652:Kabbalah texts
6649:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6596:
6590:
6588:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6464:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6445:Land of Israel
6442:
6441:
6440:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6358:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6323:
6321:Judeo-Alsatian
6313:
6312:
6311:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6173:Judeo-Hamedani
6170:
6165:
6160:
6150:
6148:Judaeo-Occitan
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6089:Jewish English
6086:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6020:Judaeo-Aramaic
6017:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6008:Judeo-Tunisian
6005:
6000:
5998:Judeo-Moroccan
5995:
5994:
5993:
5991:Judeo-Baghdadi
5978:
5973:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5895:
5893:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5847:
5842:
5840:Livornese Jews
5837:
5827:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
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4544:External links
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4056:rosstat.gov.ru
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4032:on 2 July 2024
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3023:archaeological
2953:, who writes:
2951:Leonti Mroveli
2909:
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2835:Ashkenazi Jews
2826:
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2792:Russian Empire
2781:Ashkenazi Jews
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6450:Who is a Jew?
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6379:Chosen people
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6308:Klezmer-loshn
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6178:Judeo-Shirazi
6176:
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6159:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6153:Judeo-Persian
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6149:
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6143:Judeo-Marathi
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
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6127:
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6121:Judeo-Italian
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5976:Judeo-Amazigh
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5805:
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5799:Hadhrami Jews
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5764:Mountain Jews
5762:
5760:
5759:Egyptian Jews
5757:
5755:
5754:Bukharan Jews
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
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5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5542:Lists of Jews
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5410:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5349:Faroe Islands
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5333:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5321:South Ossetia
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5295:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5151:Liechtenstein
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5004:
4999:
4997:
4992:
4990:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4959:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4894:South Ossetia
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4587:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4438:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4402:
4399:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4343:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:New York City
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3888:United States
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3850:
3841:
3837:
3834:This section
3832:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3815:
3812:
3804:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3778:This section
3776:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3752:Modern Hebrew
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3710:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3692:Bukharan Jews
3689:
3688:Mountain Jews
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3510:Jewish Agency
3507:
3503:
3492:
3483:
3479:
3476:This section
3474:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3417:
3408:
3404:
3401:This section
3399:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3382:
3379:
3371:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3287:
3283:
3280:This section
3278:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3259:anti-Semitism
3249:
3240:
3236:
3233:This section
3231:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3201:
3192:
3188:
3185:This section
3183:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3111:
3102:
3098:
3095:This section
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3056:Muslim Empire
3052:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3031:Iberia-Kartli
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:New York City
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:United States
2847:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2804:Mountain Jews
2801:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2753:יהדות גאורגיה
2750:
2741:
2730:
2726:
2725:Georgian Jews
2714:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Judeo-Aramaic
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Judeo-Italian
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Ghardaïa Sign
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:Denominations
2115:
2114:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:United States
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Guinea-Bissau
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:Lists of Jews
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:The Holocaust
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
973:
971:
966:
962:
956:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
938:
934:
930:
923:
917:
911:
906:
903:
899:
893:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
837:
834:
830:
825:
820:
818:
813:
809:
805:
802:
797:
792:
788:
784:
781:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:
749:
745:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
678:
667:
664:
661:
660:
655:
653:
650:
648:
647:Mishneh Torah
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
633:
632:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
616:
613:
609:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
593:
590:
586:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
566:
565:
562:
558:
553:
548:
547:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
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448:
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438:
436:
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430:
426:
423:
422:
419:
414:
413:
408:
407:Who is a Jew?
405:
403:
400:
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398:
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390:
386:
382:
378:
377:
370:
366:
361:
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210:
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203:
202:United States
190:
186:
183:
170:
165:
162:
161:65,000-80,000
158:
153:
149:
144:
138:Georgian Jews
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
7044:
7037:
7023:
6946:
6939:
6927:
6910:
6893:
6727:perspectives
6561:Samaritanism
6522:Neo-Hasidism
6502:Conservative
6416:Names of God
6325:
6306:
6116:Judaeo-Greek
6111:Judeo-Gascon
6050:Lishán Didán
6045:Lishana Deni
6013:Judeo-Yemeni
5981:Judeo-Arabic
5855:Meshuchrarim
5774:Persian Jews
5707:Kurdish Jews
5685:Kaifeng Jews
5667:
5634:Beta Abraham
5597:Galitzianers
5552:Antisemitism
5527:Israeli Jews
5512:Assimilation
5326:Transnistria
4909:Dependencies
4839:Turkmenistan
4804:Saudi Arabia
4566:
4555:
4535:
4519:
4515:
4493:. Retrieved
4489:
4480:
4468:. Retrieved
4462:
4452:
4440:
4428:. Retrieved
4419:
4401:
4389:. Retrieved
4385:the original
4375:
4361:
4349:. Retrieved
4342:the original
4329:
4315:
4301:
4289:
4281:
4261:. Retrieved
4257:the original
4223:
4207:
4198:
4173:
4169:
4138:
4130:
4126:
4102:
4092:
4064:. Retrieved
4060:the original
4055:
4046:
4034:. Retrieved
4030:the original
4025:
4016:
3943:
3918:Lucille Ball
3896:Forest Hills
3885:
3877:FC Barcelona
3871:
3862:
3844:
3840:adding to it
3835:
3807:
3798:
3787:Please help
3782:verification
3779:
3758:
3714:
3676:
3546:
3528:(5,188) and
3519:
3516:Demographics
3499:
3486:
3482:adding to it
3477:
3444:
3435:
3424:
3411:
3407:adding to it
3402:
3374:
3365:
3354:Please help
3346:
3290:
3286:adding to it
3281:
3256:
3243:
3239:adding to it
3234:
3195:
3191:adding to it
3186:
3156:Jews of Iraq
3141:
3135:
3118:
3105:
3101:adding to it
3096:
3071:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3035:
3012:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2964:
2956:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2843:
2828:
2808:
2796:antisemitism
2789:
2724:
2722:
2663:Post-Zionism
2534:Judeo-Berber
2529:Judeo-Arabic
2489:Judeo-Gascon
2236:Pidyon haben
2155:Conservative
1833:
1701:Saudi Arabia
1519:South Africa
1508:Sierra Leone
1330:Israeli Jews
1244:Mosaic Arabs
1197:Kaifeng Jews
1125:
1058:Arab–Israeli
1031:Emancipation
910:Great Revolt
719:Anti-Judaism
714:Antisemitism
709:Name "Judea"
504:Baal teshuva
369:Persian Jews
160:
134:Ethnic group
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
6969:Catholicism
6551:Hellenistic
6389:Eschatology
6327:Lachoudisch
6252:Lotegorisch
6230:Lachoudisch
6220:Koiné Greek
6133:Judeo-Latin
6070:Palestinian
5964:Palestinian
5813:Mustaʿravim
5739:Afghan Jews
5727:Berber Jews
5651:Bene Israel
5639:Falash Mura
5629:Beta Israel
5547:Persecution
5489:Middle Ages
5364:Isle of Man
5299:recognition
5251:Switzerland
5186:Netherlands
4968:Asia portal
4869:States with
4789:Philippines
4729:South Korea
4724:North Korea
4619:Afghanistan
4470:12 December
4464:The Forward
4335:"tab30.XLS"
4176:(1): 1–26.
4103:Kehilalinks
4099:"JewishGen"
3911:Tamir Sapir
3847:August 2023
3801:August 2023
3540:, 1,064 in
3489:August 2023
3427:Six-Day War
3414:August 2023
3368:August 2023
3360:introducing
3293:August 2023
3246:August 2023
3198:August 2023
3108:August 2023
3080:Middle Ages
3042:Crucifixion
3038:hagiography
2902:Long Island
2866:Lezgishvili
2775:during the
2658:Revisionist
2648:Neo-Zionism
2255:Zeved habat
2048:Puerto Rico
1874:Netherlands
1706:South Korea
1691:Philippines
1571:Afghanistan
1438:Ivory Coast
1212:Crypto-Jews
1177:Bnei Anusim
1156:Bene Israel
1121:Beta Israel
1078:Communities
985:Middle Ages
724:Persecution
499:Bereavement
363:Especially
112:August 2023
7103:Categories
6964:Anabaptism
6906:Jew (word)
6773:Leadership
6586:Literature
6571:Secularism
6517:Humanistic
6384:Conversion
6354:Philosophy
6195:Judeo-Urdu
5959:Babylonian
5804:Saada Jews
5789:Adeni Jews
5582:Ashkenazim
5537:Samaritans
5504:Population
5459:Israelites
5221:San Marino
5181:Montenegro
5161:Luxembourg
5141:Kazakhstan
5044:Azerbaijan
4849:Uzbekistan
4824:Tajikistan
4739:Kyrgyzstan
4719:Kazakhstan
4639:Bangladesh
4629:Azerbaijan
4490:people.com
4066:16 January
4008:References
3938:See also:
3439:Golda Meir
3425:After the
3154:and other
2882:Düsseldorf
2643:Maximalism
2595:Secularism
2575:Autonomism
2392:Literature
2185:Humanistic
1789:Azerbaijan
1751:Uzbekistan
1726:Tajikistan
1646:Kyrgyzstan
1631:Kazakhstan
1478:Mozambique
1453:Madagascar
1373:Cape Verde
1325:New Yishuv
1320:Old Yishuv
1271:Population
1249:Subbotniks
1207:Samaritans
1146:Romanyotim
1089:Ashkenazim
1036:Old Yishuv
1016:Sabbateans
1003:Modern era
995:Golden Age
922:Bar Kokhba
642:Beit Yosef
509:Philosophy
365:Iraqi Jews
282:Azerbaijan
82:newspapers
7026:indicate
6974:Mormonism
6959:Christian
6839:Symbolism
6827:Synagogue
6807:Mythology
6768:Education
6739:Astronomy
6722:Astrology
6539:relations
6344:Zarphatic
6292:Galitzish
6094:Yeshivish
5971:Catalanic
5934:Samaritan
5909:Ashkenazi
5890:Diasporic
5885:Languages
5830:Sephardim
5825:Romaniote
5712:Krymchaks
5646:Desi Jews
5522:Buddhists
5354:Gibraltar
5156:Lithuania
4935:Hong Kong
4889:Palestine
4814:Sri Lanka
4809:Singapore
4689:Indonesia
4212:"Georgia"
4190:2213-4387
3966:Jerusalem
3868:Girona FC
3728:loanwords
3696:Krymchaks
3063:caliphate
2971:Vespasian
2935:Jerusalem
2886:Cleveland
2758:romanized
2740:romanized
2653:Religious
2509:Zarphatic
2499:Bukharian
2469:Judeo-Tat
2454:Yeshivish
2428:Languages
2383:Sephardic
2373:Israelite
2363:Ethiopian
2353:Ashkenazi
2292:Religious
2082:Australia
2064:Venezuela
1970:Argentina
1952:Greenland
1864:Lithuania
1716:Sri Lanka
1711:Singapore
1636:Kurdistan
1601:Indonesia
1591:Hong Kong
1544:Abayudaya
1468:Mauritius
1202:Igbo Jews
1192:Krymchaks
1111:Sephardim
979:relations
873:Sadducees
869:Pharisees
859:Sanhedrin
774:Jerusalem
534:Synagogue
402:Etymology
356:Georgians
310:Languages
7039:Category
7009:Hinduism
6999:Buddhism
6901:Genetics
6817:Politics
6790:Marriage
6749:Holidays
6744:Calendar
6625:Rabbinic
6601:/Hebrew
6546:Haymanot
6473:Orthodox
6460:Branches
6433:Kabbalah
6428:Haskalah
6406:Holiness
6282:dialects
6262:Shassagh
6225:Krymchak
6205:Kayliñña
6099:Yinglish
6075:Galilean
6065:Talmudic
6060:Biblical
6035:Betanure
5954:Biblical
5949:Mishnaic
5944:Medieval
5929:Tiberian
5924:Yemenite
5914:Sephardi
5850:Paradesi
5794:Ḥabbanim
5784:Teimanim
5749:Baghdadi
5722:Maghrebi
5690:Karaites
5668:Gruzínim
5656:Kochinim
5574:Diaspora
5532:Karaites
5517:Atheists
5454:Timeline
5374:Svalbard
5359:Guernsey
5306:Abkhazia
5281:Scotland
5236:Slovenia
5231:Slovakia
5206:Portugal
5064:Bulgaria
4958:Category
4879:Abkhazia
4829:Thailand
4784:Pakistan
4764:Mongolia
4759:Maldives
4754:Malaysia
4654:Cambodia
4536:Caucasus
4430:14 April
4409:Archived
4391:14 April
4351:14 April
4232:Archived
4146:Archived
3991:See also
3927:Georgian
3721:Georgian
3711:Language
3674:Source:
3137:halakhah
3133:Rabbinic
3027:Mtskheta
3019:Persians
3007:Mtskheta
2959:Mtskheta
2947:medieval
2931:conquest
2729:Georgian
2680:Category
2638:Kahanism
2585:Feminism
2557:Politics
2441:Biblical
2411:American
2358:Bukharan
2348:American
2248:Shidduch
2224:Clothing
2180:Haymanot
2126:Orthodox
2054:Suriname
2037:Paraguay
1990:Colombia
1889:Portugal
1799:Bulgaria
1736:Thailand
1686:Pakistan
1666:Mongolia
1661:Malaysia
1581:Cambodia
1555:Zimbabwe
1530:Tanzania
1408:Eswatini
1398:Ethiopia
1388:Djibouti
1368:Cameroon
1363:Botswana
1292:Diaspora
1254:Noahides
1227:Marranos
1151:Cochinim
1136:Bukharim
1126:Gruzinim
1116:Teimanim
1106:Mizrahim
1094:Galician
1060:conflict
1021:Hasidism
1011:Haskalah
916:Diaspora
787:timeline
699:Timeline
612:Rabbinic
519:Kabbalah
494:Marriage
470:Tzedakah
460:Holidays
418:Religion
381:a series
379:Part of
358:, other
338:Religion
320:Georgian
7093:Judaism
7067:Portals
7024:Italics
6849:Studies
6795:Divorce
6761:Kashrut
6756:Cuisine
6714:Culture
6645:Midrash
6640:Tosefta
6630:Mishnah
6618:Ketuvim
6613:Nevi'im
6576:Schisms
6566:Science
6556:Karaite
6527:Renewal
6488:Litvaks
6483:Hasidic
6438:Sefirot
6423:Halakha
6394:Messiah
6367:Mitzvah
6362:Beliefs
6316:Western
6302:Poylish
6297:Litvish
6287:Eastern
6277:Yiddish
6272:Shuadit
6257:Qwareña
6245:Tetuani
6240:Haketia
6215:Knaanic
6210:Kivruli
6158:Bukhori
6104:Heblish
6040:Hulaulá
6030:Barzani
5986:Yahudic
5919:Mizrahi
5779:Urfalim
5734:Mizrahi
5678:Neofiti
5673:Italkim
5602:Lita'im
5494:Zionism
5446:History
5420:Judaism
5271:England
5261:Ukraine
5211:Romania
5171:Moldova
5129:Ireland
5124:Iceland
5119:Hungary
5109:Germany
5104:Georgia
5094:Finland
5089:Estonia
5084:Denmark
5069:Croatia
5054:Belgium
5049:Belarus
5039:Austria
5034:Armenia
5029:Andorra
5024:Albania
4854:Vietnam
4769:Myanmar
4749:Lebanon
4679:Georgia
4634:Bahrain
4624:Armenia
4568:Haaretz
4495:3 April
4263:18 June
3954:Bat Yam
3894:in the
3886:In the
3748:English
3740:Russian
3603:+150.4%
3534:Kutaisi
3356:improve
3310:Kutaisi
3152:Baghdad
3143:kashrut
3067:Tbilisi
3049:Kivruli
2943:Babylon
2914:Colchis
2908:Origins
2862:Antwerp
2858:Belgium
2839:Tbilisi
2825:History
2773:Georgia
2760::
2623:General
2614:Zionism
2590:Leftism
2580:Bundism
2504:Knaanic
2464:Yevanic
2449:Yiddish
2406:Yiddish
2401:Israeli
2378:Mizrahi
2368:Israeli
2339:Cuisine
2315:Ancient
2297:Secular
2243:Kashrut
2219:Wedding
2206:Customs
2198:Culture
2175:Science
2170:Renewal
2160:Karaite
2141:Hasidic
2073:Oceania
2059:Uruguay
2027:Jamaica
2007:Ecuador
1975:Bolivia
1919:Ukraine
1894:Romania
1869:Moldova
1849:Hungary
1839:Germany
1834:Georgia
1824:Finland
1819:Estonia
1814:Denmark
1809:Czechia
1794:Belarus
1784:Austria
1779:Armenia
1756:Vietnam
1671:Myanmar
1656:Lebanon
1576:Bahrain
1535:Tunisia
1513:Somalia
1488:Nigeria
1483:Namibia
1473:Morocco
1403:Eritrea
1348:Algeria
1232:Neofiti
1141:Italkim
1131:Juhurim
1041:Zionism
990:Khazars
885:Sicarii
881:Zealots
877:Essenes
864:Schisms
729:Leaders
691:General
683:History
626:Tosefta
621:Midrash
598:Mishnah
580:Ketuvim
575:Nevi'im
524:Customs
455:Shabbat
450:Halakha
442: (
440:Mitzvot
427: (
393:Judaism
344:Judaism
332:Russian
328:English
262:Austria
242:Belgium
222:Georgia
96:scholar
6832:Hazzan
6822:Prayer
6699:Siddur
6635:Talmud
6599:Tanakh
6534:Neolog
6507:Reform
6495:Modern
6478:Haredi
6401:Ethics
6267:Shassi
6235:Ladino
6200:Karaim
6183:Juhuri
6025:Targum
5939:Signed
5904:Modern
5899:Hebrew
5867:Xuetes
5663:Dönmeh
5622:Yekkes
5369:Jersey
5311:Kosovo
5256:Turkey
5246:Sweden
5226:Serbia
5216:Russia
5201:Poland
5196:Norway
5176:Monaco
5146:Latvia
5114:Greece
5099:France
5074:Cyprus
4899:Taiwan
4834:Turkey
4799:Russia
4734:Kuwait
4714:Jordan
4704:Israel
4664:Cyprus
4649:Brunei
4644:Bhutan
4188:
4036:2 July
3960:, and
3958:Ashdod
3946:Israel
3900:Queens
3759:Aliyah
3725:Hebrew
3669:−94.3%
3658:−12.3%
3655:24,834
3647:−48.9%
3644:28,315
3633:55,398
3625:+22.0%
3622:51,589
3614:+38.5%
3611:42,300
3600:30,534
3589:12,194
3578:12,747
3549:Israel
3542:Batumi
3538:Tiflis
3506:Israel
3431:Israel
2919:Gurjim
2884:, and
2874:Moscow
2870:Israel
2852:, the
2848:, the
2846:Israel
2819:Ashdod
2749:Hebrew
2731::
2685:Portal
2544:Domari
2474:Shassi
2435:Hebrew
2330:Humour
2274:Hiloni
2269:Aliyah
2229:Niddah
2214:Minyan
2149:Reform
2136:Haredi
2131:Modern
2032:Mexico
2017:Guyana
1980:Brazil
1942:Canada
1914:Sweden
1904:Serbia
1899:Russia
1884:Poland
1879:Norway
1859:Latvia
1844:Greece
1829:France
1804:Cyprus
1770:Europe
1741:Turkey
1731:Taiwan
1641:Kuwait
1626:Jordan
1616:Israel
1550:Zambia
1540:Uganda
1458:Malawi
1428:Guinea
1418:Gambia
1353:Angola
1339:Africa
1222:Dönmeh
1217:Anusim
1161:Berber
1099:Litvak
1051:Israel
957:
894:
808:Second
776:
637:Targum
603:Gemara
589:Talmud
561:Tanakh
514:Ethics
465:Prayer
316:Hebrew
301:Russia
298:
279:
259:
239:
219:
207:10,000
199:
187:65,000
182:Israel
179:
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
18:Gruzim
7004:Islam
6812:Names
6802:Music
6783:Rebbe
6778:Rabbi
6732:Monen
6687:Zohar
6608:Torah
6603:Bible
5717:Lemba
5592:Chuts
5344:Åland
5286:Wales
5241:Spain
5166:Malta
5136:Italy
4940:Macau
4859:Yemen
4819:Syria
4794:Qatar
4774:Nepal
4709:Japan
4684:India
4674:Egypt
4659:China
4345:(PDF)
4338:(PDF)
3962:Holon
3744:Dutch
3666:1,405
3636:+7.4%
3592:−4.3%
3341:, or
3129:Karai
2995:Honni
2967:Roman
2939:exile
2633:Labor
2628:Green
2325:Dance
2283:Music
2102:Palau
2022:Haiti
1985:Chile
1909:Spain
1854:Italy
1761:Yemen
1721:Syria
1696:Qatar
1676:Nepal
1621:Japan
1596:India
1586:China
1525:Sudan
1448:Libya
1443:Kenya
1423:Ghana
1413:Gabon
1393:Egypt
1378:Benin
1237:Xueta
1182:Lemba
801:First
666:Zohar
570:Torah
552:Texts
539:Rabbi
529:Rites
429:names
247:1,200
103:JSTOR
89:books
5418:and
5416:Jews
4779:Oman
4744:Laos
4699:Iraq
4694:Iran
4497:2018
4472:2023
4432:2013
4393:2013
4353:2013
4265:2018
4186:ISSN
4068:2023
4038:2024
3700:Tats
3663:2014
3652:1989
3641:1979
3630:1970
3619:1959
3608:1939
3597:1926
3586:1897
3575:1897
3564:Pop.
3560:Year
3162:and
3060:Arab
2900:and
2890:Ohio
2878:Baku
2860:(in
2856:and
2769:Jews
2723:The
2092:Guam
2087:Fiji
2042:Peru
1995:Cuba
1681:Oman
1651:Laos
1611:Iraq
1606:Iran
1563:Asia
1492:Igbo
1463:Mali
482:Brit
391:and
389:Jews
367:and
360:Jews
75:news
6411:God
4911:and
4524:doi
4178:doi
3950:Lod
3925:,
3842:.
3791:by
3734:or
3484:.
3409:.
3288:.
3241:.
3193:.
3103:.
2941:in
2933:of
2922:or
2837:in
2306:Art
652:Tur
444:613
326:),
287:500
267:800
58:by
7105::
4565:,
4520:12
4518:.
4488:.
4461:.
4273:^
4243:^
4214:,
4184:.
4172:.
4168:.
4156:^
4111:^
4101:.
4076:^
4054:.
4024:.
3956:,
3952:,
3906:.
3902:,
3754:.
3569:±%
3551:.
3544:.
3512:.
3345:,
3337:,
3033:.
2989::
2904:.
2888:,
2880:,
2876:,
2872:,
2821:.
2806:.
2787:.
2755:,
2751::
2747:,
2737:,
919:,
913:,
883:,
879:,
875:,
871:,
383:on
330:,
318:,
305:14
7069::
5892:)
5888:(
5408:e
5401:t
5394:v
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