366:. The more sperm that is deposited results in greater fertilization success because more eggs are able to hatch. The order in which various males mate with one female before fertilization also affects fertilization success. The last male that mates with a female tends to have the highest fertilization success. Traits that increase the ability of a male's sperm to successfully fertilize a female's egg compared to that of another male are most advantageous. This is because these traits have been selected for over traits that have lower fertilization success.
285:
another and are preparing to fight. They are intended to frighten off the rival male. There are two other chirp patterns that can be observed in their mating behaviors. A soft clipping sound, 'calling' song, is made when a female is known to be nearby but in a certain distance, and more rigorous sound, 'courtship' song, is made when a female is close enough to mate (mounting on the male's back). These two songs can be easily distinguished by human ears based on its chirp patterns and frequency components.
77:
33:
389:, which is when individuals who have closely related genomes mate, decreases the viability of cricket offspring and results in offspring with lower fitness. As a result, male crickets that are genetically similar to female mates tend to be less effective in producing healthy offspring that have high fitness. Females can avoid the costs of inbreeding by selecting sperm that are not genetically similar to their eggs.
52:
402:
differentiate between novel and previous mates through odor cues. These are left behind by the female on the male to allow for sensory-differentiation. This self-referent chemosensory signaling is both a reliable and simple means for a female to maximize the benefits of polyandry. Females can also use palpation and antennation before mating to deduce whether or not a mate is novel.
256:
548:
Hassaneen E, El-Din Sallam A, Abo-Ghalia A, Moriyama Y, Karpova SG, Abdelsalam S, Matsushima A, Shimohigashi Y, Tomioka K (26 February 2011). "Pigment-dispersing factor affects nocturnal activity rhythms, photic entrainment, and the free-running period of the circadian clock in the cricket gryllus
284:
Male crickets of this species produce several distinctive chirps, though each sound is made by rubbing the two outer wings together. Loud and steady chirps made throughout the night are to attract females and to warn off other males. Loud fast-frequency chirps are emitted when males encounter one
378:
mate with at least two males before zygote production occurs. These males have to invest even more resources into each reproductive opportunity when a mate competitor is in their environment. The greater the amount of resources a male invests in producing a large amount of sperm, the greater the
401:
species prefer to mate with new, or "novel", mates. The Novel Mate hypothesis states that a female will avoid mating with males they have already mated with. The differentiation between previous mates and novel ones allows females to search for genetically superior males. Females are able to
275:
In the wild, male crickets do not tolerate one another and will fight until there is a winner. The loser usually retreats without serious injury. The fighting method involves opening the mandibles as wide as possible, gripping the opponent's mandibles and pushing with the hind legs.
307:
These crickets hide under logs, in grasses, and in crevices. They also create homes by digging holes in the ground or live in holes created by other animals. Males are territorial and will fight off other males, but allow any number of females to coexist in the same shelter.
262:
261:
258:
257:
263:
260:
449:
Hochkirch, A., Willemse, L.P.M., Rutschmann, F., Chobanov, D.P., Kleukers, R., Kristin, A., Presa, J.J. & Szovenyi, G. 2016. Gryllus bimaculatus. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2016: e.T68382951A74519241. Accessed on 18 November
1032:
Ylla, Guillem; Nakamura, Taro; Itoh, Takehiko; Kajitani, Rei; Toyoda, Atsushi; Tomonari, Sayuri; Bando, Tetsuya; Ishimaru, Yoshiyasu; Watanabe, Takahito; Fuketa, Masao; Matsuoka, Yuji (2021-06-14).
293:
Whether cricket song pattern (e.g. frequency spectrum) reflect song-emitter's body size is controversial. A recent study failed to detect body-size effect on both calling and courtship songs of
259:
915:
Mallard, S. T.; Barnard, C. (2003). "Competition, fluctuating asymmetry and sperm transfer in male gryllid crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus and
Gryllodes sigillatus)".
1267:
1293:
1370:
224:, it has also been called the "African" or "Mediterranean field cricket", although its recorded distribution also includes much of Asia, including China and
1241:
339:, which is used to lay eggs into the ground. They lay their eggs into humid soil or sand and hatchlings emerge from the eggs in about two weeks.
1385:
433:
genome assembly and annotations was released in 2020. This genome has a length of 1.66-Gb and contains 17,871 annotated protein coding genes.
1390:
1202:
247:
kept as pets or in zoos. They are easy to raise and do not require prolonged exposure to cold in order to complete their life cycle.
1280:
483:"No Effect of Body Size on the Frequency of Calling and Courtship Song in the Two-Spotted Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus"
1150:
872:
Bretman, A.; Tregenza, T. (2005). "Measuring polyandry in wild populations: a case study using promiscuous crickets".
1334:
1220:
748:
Turnell, B. & Shaw, K. (2015). "High opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection under field conditions".
1298:
1233:
602:
Donoughe, Seth; Extavour, Cassandra G. (2016-03-01). "Embryonic development of the cricket
Gryllus bimaculatus".
324:
76:
1395:
462:
316:
Cannibalism is extremely rare, but females have been observed to eat males if there is not enough food to eat.
374:
Females prefer to mate with certain males more than others, with preference for mating with new males. Female
1321:
1131:
351:
1093:
829:
Bateman, Philip W. (1998-11-01). "Mate preference for novel partners in the cricket
Gryllus bimaculatus".
558:
1155:
181:
1176:
698:"Molecular Evidence of Post-Copulatory Inbreeding Avoidance in the Field Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus"
563:
494:
355:
363:
41:
1007:
362:. This means that female crickets will mate with more than one male. Male crickets do not exhibit
932:
897:
854:
773:
669:
584:
71:
652:
Bateman, P. W. (1998). "Mate preference for novel partners in the cricket
Gryllus bimaculatus".
1272:
1380:
1163:
1073:
1055:
989:
971:
889:
846:
811:
765:
727:
627:
619:
576:
530:
512:
382:
1375:
1063:
1045:
979:
963:
924:
881:
838:
803:
757:
717:
709:
661:
611:
568:
520:
502:
213:
1329:
32:
1306:
414:
197:
498:
1228:
1215:
1068:
1033:
984:
951:
722:
697:
525:
482:
1364:
1347:
885:
842:
665:
481:
Miyashita, Atsushi; Kizaki, Hayato; Sekimizu, Kazuhisa; Kaito, Chikara (2016-01-19).
61:
56:
936:
901:
858:
777:
673:
588:
1168:
794:
Snook, Rhonda R. (2005-01-01). "Sperm in competition: not playing by the numbers".
385:
also helps to prevent crickets that have genomes that are too similar from mating.
507:
1285:
1254:
1125:
615:
1050:
807:
239:
The species is popular for use as a food source for insectivorous animals like
1342:
928:
386:
336:
128:
1207:
1116:
1059:
975:
850:
623:
572:
516:
1189:
418:
225:
217:
148:
108:
88:
1077:
993:
967:
893:
815:
769:
731:
713:
631:
580:
534:
1142:
1110:
138:
1311:
1246:
244:
158:
761:
1259:
1034:"Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes"
240:
229:
118:
98:
1087:
952:"Females use self-referent cues to avoid mating with previous mates"
1194:
254:
1181:
1091:
950:
Ivy, Tracie M; Weddle, Carie B; Sakaluk, Scott K (2005-12-07).
236:
species by the two dot-like marks on the base of its wings.
327:
has been implicated in the nocturnal rhythms of crickets.
956:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
467:
De Geer, 1773 (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 10 July 2020)
335:
Females have a tubular organ at the rear, known as an
1100:
696:Bretman, A.; Wedell, N. & Tregenza, T. (2003).
358:is the most common form of polygamy practiced in
8:
1088:
50:
31:
20:
1067:
1049:
983:
721:
562:
524:
506:
442:
417:for pet and zoo animals, especially as
232:. It can be discriminated from other
458:
456:
379:chances of successful fertilization.
7:
1234:b9ffb2a9-72aa-4b65-93f9-81b6a1f4f7c2
789:
787:
743:
741:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
647:
645:
643:
641:
476:
474:
1371:IUCN Red List least concern species
917:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
14:
796:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
463:Orthoptera Species File: species
886:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02556.x
843:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1998.00156.x
702:Proceedings: Biological Sciences
666:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1998.00156.x
75:
1319:Orthoptera Species File (old):
1:
1386:Taxa named by Charles De Geer
551:Journal of Biological Rhythms
465:Gryllus (Gryllus) bimaculatus
220:. Most commonly known as the
508:10.1371/journal.pone.0146999
616:10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.04.009
1412:
1051:10.1038/s42003-021-02197-9
808:10.1016/j.tree.2004.10.011
289:Song pattern and body size
1391:Insects described in 1773
929:10.1007/s00265-002-0537-4
429:The first version of the
325:Pigment Dispersing Factor
187:
180:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
573:10.1177/0748730410388746
1038:Communications Biology
968:10.1098/rspb.2005.3222
714:10.1098/rspb.2003.2563
267:
831:Ecological Entomology
654:Ecological Entomology
604:Developmental Biology
393:Novel mate hypothesis
266:
1229:Fauna Europaea (new)
1348:Gryllus-bimaculatus
1132:Gryllus bimaculatus
1102:Gryllus bimaculatus
962:(1580): 2475–2478.
499:2016PLoSO..1146999M
431:Gryllus bimaculatus
411:Gryllus bimaculatus
348:Gryllus bimaculatus
222:two-spotted cricket
209:Gryllus bimaculatus
191:Gryllus bimaculatus
173:G. bimaculatus
42:Conservation status
25:Gryllus bimaculatus
268:
16:Species of cricket
1358:
1357:
1094:Taxon identifiers
874:Molecular Ecology
762:10.1111/evo.12721
708:(1535): 159–164.
383:Sperm competition
264:
216:in the subfamily
205:
204:
65:
1403:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1301:
1289:
1288:
1286:NHMSYS0000377677
1276:
1275:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1185:
1184:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1053:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1004:
998:
997:
987:
947:
941:
940:
912:
906:
905:
880:(7): 2169–2179.
869:
863:
862:
826:
820:
819:
791:
782:
781:
756:(8): 2094–2104.
745:
736:
735:
725:
693:
678:
677:
649:
636:
635:
599:
593:
592:
566:
564:10.1.1.1013.3309
545:
539:
538:
528:
510:
478:
469:
460:
451:
447:
320:Circadian rhythm
265:
212:is a species of
193:
80:
79:
59:
54:
53:
35:
21:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1396:Insects as feed
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1307:Observation.org
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1096:
1086:
1085:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1001:
949:
948:
944:
914:
913:
909:
871:
870:
866:
828:
827:
823:
793:
792:
785:
747:
746:
739:
695:
694:
681:
651:
650:
639:
601:
600:
596:
547:
546:
542:
493:(1): e0146999.
480:
479:
472:
461:
454:
448:
444:
439:
427:
408:
395:
372:
345:
333:
322:
314:
305:
291:
282:
273:
255:
253:
201:
195:
189:
176:
74:
66:
55:
51:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1339:
1326:
1316:
1303:
1290:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1238:
1225:
1216:Fauna Europaea
1212:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1137:
1122:
1106:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1024:
999:
942:
923:(3): 190–197.
907:
864:
837:(4): 473–475.
821:
783:
737:
679:
660:(4): 473–475.
637:
610:(1): 140–156.
594:
549:bimaculatus".
540:
470:
452:
441:
440:
438:
435:
426:
423:
407:
404:
399:G. bimaculatus
394:
391:
376:G. bimaculatus
371:
368:
360:G. bimaculatus
344:
341:
332:
329:
321:
318:
313:
310:
304:
301:
295:G. bimaculatus
290:
287:
281:
278:
272:
269:
252:
249:
203:
202:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
170:
168:
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
68:
67:
49:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1408:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1013:
1012:The Amphibian
1009:
1003:
1000:
995:
991:
986:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
946:
943:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
911:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
868:
865:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
825:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
744:
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
648:
646:
644:
642:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
598:
595:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
560:
556:
552:
544:
541:
536:
532:
527:
522:
518:
514:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
477:
475:
471:
468:
466:
459:
457:
453:
446:
443:
436:
434:
432:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
405:
403:
400:
392:
390:
388:
384:
380:
377:
369:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
342:
340:
338:
330:
328:
326:
319:
317:
311:
309:
302:
300:
299:
296:
288:
286:
279:
277:
270:
250:
248:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
199:
194:
192:
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
69:
63:
58:
57:Least Concern
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1101:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:
1002:
959:
955:
945:
920:
916:
910:
877:
873:
867:
834:
830:
824:
802:(1): 46–53.
799:
795:
753:
749:
705:
701:
657:
653:
607:
603:
597:
554:
550:
543:
490:
486:
464:
445:
430:
428:
415:used as feed
410:
409:
398:
396:
381:
375:
373:
359:
347:
346:
334:
323:
315:
306:
297:
294:
292:
283:
274:
238:
233:
221:
208:
207:
206:
190:
188:
172:
171:
159:
24:
18:
1255:iNaturalist
1126:Wikispecies
557:(1): 3–13.
397:Females of
312:Cannibalism
228:through to
1365:Categories
1343:Xeno-canto
1044:(1): 733.
1008:"Crickets"
437:References
413:is widely
387:Inbreeding
337:ovipositor
331:Life cycle
135:Suborder:
129:Orthoptera
109:Arthropoda
1060:2399-3642
976:0962-8452
851:1365-2311
750:Evolution
624:0012-1606
559:CiteSeerX
517:1932-6203
419:live food
370:Polyandry
356:Polyandry
226:Indochina
218:Gryllinae
167:Species:
149:Gryllidae
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
64:)(Europe)
1381:Polygamy
1273:11151037
1140:BioLib:
1111:Wikidata
1078:34127782
994:16271971
937:25023318
902:10582685
894:15910335
859:85673563
816:16701340
778:33094557
770:26179824
732:15058392
674:85673563
632:25907229
589:26698831
581:21252361
535:26785351
487:PLOS ONE
364:polygyny
352:polygamy
350:exhibit
280:Chirping
271:Fighting
251:Behavior
245:reptiles
145:Family:
139:Ensifera
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1376:Gryllus
1247:1713034
1117:Q546382
1069:8203789
985:1599777
723:1691572
526:4718538
495:Bibcode
303:Shelter
241:spiders
234:Gryllus
214:cricket
198:De Geer
160:Gryllus
155:Genus:
125:Order:
119:Insecta
115:Class:
60: (
1221:402996
1208:202506
1195:ACHTBI
1182:500824
1156:261076
1076:
1066:
1058:
1017:17 May
992:
982:
974:
935:
900:
892:
857:
849:
814:
776:
768:
730:
720:
672:
630:
622:
587:
579:
561:
533:
523:
515:
425:Genome
343:Mating
230:Borneo
200:, 1773
1322:10603
1268:IRMNG
1260:71247
1203:EUNIS
1169:8PBSL
1143:96707
933:S2CID
898:S2CID
855:S2CID
774:S2CID
670:S2CID
585:S2CID
450:2022.
1335:7783
1312:2293
1299:6999
1294:NCBI
1242:GBIF
1190:EPPO
1151:BOLD
1074:PMID
1056:ISSN
1019:2015
990:PMID
972:ISSN
890:PMID
847:ISSN
812:PMID
766:PMID
728:PMID
628:PMID
620:ISSN
577:PMID
531:PMID
513:ISSN
243:and
1330:TSA
1281:NBN
1177:EoL
1164:CoL
1064:PMC
1046:doi
980:PMC
964:doi
960:272
925:doi
882:doi
839:doi
804:doi
758:doi
718:PMC
710:doi
706:271
662:doi
612:doi
608:411
569:doi
521:PMC
503:doi
406:Use
1367::
1345::
1332::
1309::
1296::
1283::
1270::
1257::
1244::
1231::
1218::
1205::
1192::
1179::
1166::
1153::
1128::
1113::
1072:.
1062:.
1054:.
1040:.
1036:.
1010:.
988:.
978:.
970:.
958:.
954:.
931:.
921:53
919:.
896:.
888:.
878:14
876:.
853:.
845:.
835:23
833:.
810:.
800:20
798:.
786:^
772:.
764:.
754:69
752:.
740:^
726:.
716:.
704:.
700:.
682:^
668:.
658:23
656:.
640:^
626:.
618:.
606:.
583:.
575:.
567:.
555:26
553:.
529:.
519:.
511:.
501:.
491:11
489:.
485:.
473:^
455:^
421:.
354:.
1080:.
1048::
1042:4
1021:.
996:.
966::
939:.
927::
904:.
884::
861:.
841::
818:.
806::
780:.
760::
734:.
712::
676:.
664::
634:.
614::
591:.
571::
537:.
505::
497::
298:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
