500:. Records of French travel to Russia are sketchy for the period before 1924 when the French government recognized the regime, and the journeys were often clandestine. Hélène Brion does not seem to have attended the Second Congress of the Comintern in June–July 1920, but arrived before the end of the summer of 1920 and returned to France in late January or early February 1921. As a relatively minor figure, she was somewhat isolated from the main political players and events in Russia, but was able to obtain a brief interview with Lenin in the Kremlin. She made a second visit in 1922 as an active member of the French Committee for assistance to the Russian people, and perhaps a third visit. She recorded her first visit to Russia in a school notebook, along with articles cut out and pasted into the notebook. Although never published, the work had reached a relatively complete stage before being abandoned.
406:. Two weeks after Brion had been arrested, Vernet produced a 30-page pamphlet that presented the case as another Dreyfus affair. She wrote, "From this tissue of infamies it came out that Hélène Brion was a dangerous and suspicious character—Anarchist, revolutionary, Malthusian, anti-militarist, defeatist. ... The word spy, which was not directly pronounced, was visible between the lines." Vernet presented a very different picture of a dedicated and generous person devoted to helping children, women and workers. A general assembly of militants was held on 17 December 1917, which issued a manifesto in Brion's favor and raised a subscription.
410:
465:
guilty, it should be lenient: "if she made a mistake, she did it without personal interest, she was mistaken out of goodness, the nobility of her soul." He also said she had "endured four months of harsh imprisonment in St. Lazare, prison of thieves and prostitutes ... she has weathered them courageously, gently. She has now largely expiated the little of wrong that you reproach her with. The outcome was that
Mouflard was given a six months suspended sentence and Brion a three years suspended sentence.
333:
418:
would give information to the enemy or would exercise a bad influence on the mind of the army and the people. Brion was co-accused with
Mouflard, a soldier who was her godson and was suspected of having circulated pacifist propaganda at the front. The debates lasted several days, and many witnesses were brought for the defense. Character witnesses included
134:
with her grandmother. She studied at the Ecole
Primaire Supérieure Sophie Germain in Paris to become a teacher. Unions had been authorized in 1884, but state employees could not belong to them. They could however join friendly societies. Brion was working as a teacher in 1905 when she enrolled in the
417:
Brion was the first woman in France to be tried by a military tribunal during World War I. Her trial became a cause célèbre, reported on the front pages of the national newspapers. The trial took place in March 1918. The charges were based on a law of 5 August 1914 that prohibited publications that
527:
for expressing her admiration of the women of the
Resistance. She said she was proud of her fellow citizenesses, who could not be equalled in the war, and that the FLN would work to rebuild the country and establish world peace. For this purpose women as well as men should be represented in the
551:
The reference to wearing trousers accompanied a photograph of Brion wearing a cycling suit. Masculine clothing at that time was associated with lesbian, subversive, anti-male activities. Brion's friend
Madeleine Peletier wore masculine clothes and had her hair cut short, which gave her trouble,
511:
Hélène Brion became disillusioned with the lack of interest in feminism among the
Russian and French communists. She left public life in the 1920s. She devoted a huge amount of effort to preparing a feminist encyclopedia, never finished. The many boxes of material, including biographical notes,
464:
The prosecution said "it pleases me to state that Helene Brion has a generous heart, no one disputes that." But he reminded the court that Brion's actions were to be judged, not her moral character, and insisted that blind pacifism is defeatism. Brion's lawyer asked that if the court found her
447:
by my country's laws, far inferior to all the men of France and the colonies. In spite of the intelligence that has been officially recognized only recently, in spite of the certificates and diplomas that were granted me long ago, before the law I am not the equal of an illiterate black from
263:, Switzerland, and another in Kienthal, Switzerland. The French activists were prevented from attending, but kept in contact by letters. They circulated banned publications and attended meetings, sometimes in private apartments to avoid informers.
460:
She went on to say "I am first and foremost a feminist. And it is because of my feminism that I am an enemy of war. ... War represents the triumph of brute strength, while feminism can only triumph through moral strength and intellectual values."
202:
as treasurer. Loriot was appointed treasurer of the
Federation of Teachers' Unions in 1915, and was appointed by Brion to the central committee. He devoted much effort to fighting the nationalist unions that supported the war, along with
438:
and others. The defense stated that the offending leaflets were not illegal and had been openly circulated for a long time without the authorities taking any action. Brion questioned the validity of the trial, saying,
222:, where the unions would not work against the war. She opened a soup kitchen in Pantin. Many teachers were mobilized and others supported the war effort, but later a strong pacifist movement developed among them.
516:(1939–45) moved to Vosges, where she continued work on her encyclopedia. A letter survives from November 1944 in which she asks a member of the newly elected Constituent Assembly to support women's rights.
512:
newspaper clippings, postcards, poorly organized and without citations, is held in the
Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand. Little is known of Brion's later life. She continued to live in Pantin, and during
320:, a Russian journalist. Describing a meeting of trade unionists and anarchists the reporter said about 40 women were present, about half of them from the Russian-Polish colony. There were a few from
477:
noted that Brion's certificate to teach had been revoked. She worked at the workers' orphanage that she had created with
Madeleine Vernet, and was not reinstated as a teacher until 1925 under the
118:, and wrote a book on her experiences. It was never published. She devoted much of her effort in later years to preparing a feminist encyclopedia, which was never completed or published.
344:
Brion's home was searched on 26 July 1917. Little was found apart from some pacifist writings and leaflets. However, her position in the CGT and her militancy made her a natural target.
900:
31:
114:(1914–18) she was arrested for distributing pacifist propaganda, given a suspended sentence and dismissed from her job as a teacher. She visited Russia soon after the
226:
called a pacifist meeting at the union office in June 1915. On 15 August 1915 a pacifist resolution was presented at the CGT's national congress at the initiative of
1030:
456:
cannot. I am outside the law. The law should be logical and ignore my existence when it comes to punishments, just as it is ignored when it comes to rights...
250:
and Hélène Brion. The resolution said "this war is not our war" and laid responsibility on the leaders of the belligerent states. The resolution denounced the
191:
110:(27 January 1882 – 31 August 1962) was a French teacher, feminist, socialist and communist. She was one of the leaders of the French teachers' union. During
392:, and wrote, "the history of defeatism, when it is known, will demonstrate superabundantly that feminism will there merit, I dare say, the place of honor."
150:
Brion was active in various feminist organizations for most of her life, fighting for equal legal rights for women and for the vote. These would include
1316:
348:, who would become President of the Council in November 1917, wanted examples. Brion was arrested on 17 November 1917 and sent to the women's prison of
1291:
1250:
1201:
1174:
1141:
1114:
1087:
1060:
995:
968:
174:. In 1907 the International Socialist Conference of Stuttgart forbade socialist women from collaborating with "bourgeois" feminists. Brion,
1311:
443:
I appear before this court charged with a political crime; yet I am denied all political rights. Because I am a woman, I am classified
277:
194:(CGT: General Confederation of Labor). She became assistant secretary of the teacher's union in January 1914. With the outbreak of
528:
assemblies that defined the statutes of world peace. This appeal to the wife of a political leader was somewhat anachronistic.
1321:
1011:
324:'s socialist women and Hélène Brion's teachers, and the rest of the women were militant socialists or French trade unionists.
130:, Auvergne on 27 January 1882. Her family were teachers. She was orphaned when very young, and spent her childhood in the
139:). Brion never married, but around 1905–07 she had two children by a Russian immigrant. She taught at a nursery school (
409:
1306:
1286:
481:. The men returned to the CGT after demobilization and Brion accepted a subordinate place. She launched the review
485:(The Feminist Struggle), which was published for three years. She became increasingly interested in spiritualism.
1301:
1296:
317:
430:, a teacher who said she had distributed the same material as Brion and therefore deserved the same punishment,
940:
1052:
Women's
Identities at War: Gender, Motherhood, and Politics in Britain and France During the First World War
267:, Minister of the Interior, received the reports of spies and all the letters addressed to Brion. In 1917,
489:
30:
552:
particularly during the war. There are in fact hints in her writing that Brion may have been homosexual.
398:
organized a defense committee for Hélène Brion, who was secretary of the board of her workers' orphanage
260:
532:
73:
182:
resisted this decision. While belonging to the extreme left, they tried to maintain radical feminism.
1281:
1276:
365:
920:
493:
349:
179:
492:. She was one of the few Frenchwomen who were able to visit revolutionary Russia in 1919–22, with
478:
345:
115:
212:
452:
can participate, by means of the ballor, in directing the affairs of our common country, while
1246:
1238:
1197:
1191:
1170:
1137:
1131:
1110:
1104:
1083:
1056:
1050:
991:
964:
524:
385:
381:
360:
354:
231:
204:
1077:
985:
958:
198:
in July 1914 the teacher's union office was reduced to Brion as acting secretary general and
395:
369:
321:
227:
208:
127:
54:
1166:
190:
After the Congress of Chambéry in 1912 Hélène Brion joined the Confederal Committee of the
497:
290:
272:
1218:
252:
219:
332:
300:
A police report in 1917 described "the activist Hélène Brion, public school teacher in
239:
235:
199:
519:
In the winter of 1944–45, Brion wrote a "Letter to Mrs. Roosevelt" in the name of the
1270:
1219:"VERNET Madeleine [CAVELIER Madeleine, Eugénie, Clémentine, Victorine, dite]"
431:
389:
376:(Defeatist Feminism). He identified pro-peace feminist leaders such as Hélène Brion,
294:
282:
243:
513:
427:
423:
268:
247:
223:
175:
1159:
617:
615:
419:
403:
377:
264:
195:
111:
1079:
Les femmes et la République: essai sur la répartition du pouvoir de 1943 à 1979
523:(FLN: Women of the National Liberation) of the 12th arrondissement and thanked
234:, signed by several militants of the federation of teacher's unions including
308:), a member of the Committee for the resumption of international relations (
1106:
Women and Socialism, Socialism and Women: Europe Between the Two World Wars
304:, general secretary of the National Federation of public school teachers (
131:
301:
144:
621:
645:
408:
331:
259:
A major international conference of pacifists was held in 1915 in
669:
136:
364:. Among other things she was accused of wearing trousers. The
289:
appeared on 31 August 1917. Contributors included men such as
306:
Fédération Nationale des instituteurs et institutrices publics
135:
new federation of school teachers and in the Socialist Party (
372:
published an undated pamphlet, probably in late 1917, titled
728:
726:
504:
is a naive work of propaganda. Some passages appeared in
960:
Fernand Loriot: le fondateur oublié du Parti communiste
842:
840:
1133:
Elusive Dove: The Search for Peace During World War I
827:
825:
587:
585:
583:
352:. A smear campaign was started in newspapers such as
281:, to which the major feminists contributed including
1223:
Dictionnaire international des militants anarchistes
602:
600:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
310:
Comité pour la reprise des relations internationales
942:
Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia
97:
89:
81:
62:
40:
21:
1193:European Feminisms, 1700-1950: A Political History
1158:
921:"Hélène Brion en " Russie rouge " (1920-1922). ""
441:
168:L’Union française pour le suffrage des femmes
8:
1239:"COSNIER Colette, La bolchevique aux bijoux"
633:
312:) and a member of union defense committee (
256:and called for the restoration of liberty.
218:At the start of the war Brion accepted the
1103:Gruber, Helmut; Graves, Pamela M. (1998).
901:"Hélène Brion, une institutrice féministe"
657:
297:as well as women such as Colette Reynaud.
29:
18:
1161:Women, the Family, and Freedom: 1880-1950
882:
768:
681:
622:Brion, Hélène ... Women in World History
535:on 31 August 1962 at the age of eighty.
1031:"Fonds Bouglé, sous-fonds Louise Bodin"
816:
804:
756:
732:
705:
693:
646:Fernand Loriot: Communist Bulletin 1933
559:
544:
591:
1165:. Stanford University Press. p.
870:
858:
846:
831:
792:
780:
717:
670:Fonds Bouglé, sous-fonds Louise Bodin
285:and Hélène Brion. The first issue of
16:French socialist feminist (1882–1962)
7:
1082:(in French). Editions de l'Atelier.
963:(in French). Harmattan. p. 21.
744:
606:
160:La Fédération féminine universitaire
448:Guadeloupe or the Ivory Coast. For
14:
1317:Politicians from Clermont-Ferrand
1243:Communisme - Révolution Française
1076:Guéraiche, William (1999-01-01).
521:Femmes de la Libération Nationale
192:Confédération Générale du Travail
164:La Ligue pour le droit des femmes
426:, deputy and grandson of Marx,
316:). Her correspondents included
1130:Hollander, Neil (2013-12-27).
899:Avrane, Colette (2003-06-05).
502:Choses et gens de Russie Rouge
488:Around 1920, Brion joined the
314:Comité de défense syndicaliste
156:L’Union fraternelle des Femmes
1:
1292:20th-century French educators
1196:. Stanford University Press.
939:"Brion, Hélène (1882–1962)".
147:, on the outskirts of Paris.
35:Hélène Brion in November 1917
1245:(in French). L'AGE D'HOMME.
1237:Schiappa, Jean-Marc (1989).
436:Union fraternelle des femmes
957:Chuzeville, Julien (2012).
1338:
1312:French socialist feminists
1049:Grayzel, Susan R. (1999).
172:La Ligue nationale du vote
186:Union leader and pacifist
126:Hélène Brion was born in
28:
1190:Offen, Karen M. (2000).
1157:Offen, Karen M. (1983).
984:Fell, Alison S. (2009).
634:Gruber & Graves 1998
434:, vice president of the
987:Femmes Face À la Guerre
374:Le féminisme défaitiste
1322:19th-century feminists
919:Cœuré, Sophie (2003).
490:French Communist Party
458:
414:
413:Brion during the trial
341:
318:Léon Bronstein-Trotsky
152:Le Suffrage des Femmes
1035:Archives du Féminisme
905:Archives du Féminisme
531:Hélène Brion died in
412:
335:
508:and other journals.
366:national syndicalist
340:after Brion's arrest
275:founded the journal
1217:R.D. (2012-09-13).
1055:. UNC Press Books.
925:Le Mouvement Social
494:Madeleine Pelletier
336:Postcard issued by
180:Madeleine Pelletier
1109:. Berghahn Books.
1018:(32–33). July 1933
1016:Communist Bulletin
783:, p. 273-274.
533:Ennery, Val-d'Oise
506:La Lutte Féministe
483:La Lutte Féministe
479:Cartel des Gauches
473:On 31 March 1918,
415:
346:Georges Clemenceau
342:
287:La Voix des Femmes
278:La Voix des femmes
116:Russian Revolution
101:Feminism, pacifism
74:Ennery, Val-d'Oise
57:, Auvergne, France
1307:French socialists
1287:French communists
1252:978-2-8251-3407-8
1203:978-0-8047-3420-2
1176:978-0-8047-1173-9
1143:978-0-7864-7891-0
1116:978-1-57181-152-3
1089:978-2-7082-3468-0
1062:978-0-8078-4810-4
997:978-3-03911-332-3
970:978-2-336-00119-7
525:Eleanor Roosevelt
475:Le Petit Parisien
386:Hubertine Auclert
382:Marguerite Durand
355:le Petit Parisien
232:Alphonse Merrheim
205:Alphonse Merrheim
105:
104:
1329:
1302:French pacifists
1297:French feminists
1262:
1260:
1259:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1164:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1012:"Fernand Loriot"
1007:
1005:
1004:
980:
978:
977:
953:
951:
950:
935:
933:
932:
915:
913:
912:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
835:
829:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
610:
604:
595:
589:
553:
549:
396:Madeleine Vernet
328:Arrest and trial
322:Louise Saumoneau
246:, Marie Mayoux,
228:Albert Bourderon
209:Albert Bourderon
141:école maternelle
128:Clermont-Ferrand
69:
55:Clermont-Ferrand
50:
48:
33:
19:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1075:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1021:
1019:
1010:
1002:
1000:
998:
983:
975:
973:
971:
956:
948:
946:
938:
930:
928:
927:(in French) (4)
918:
910:
908:
898:
894:
889:
881:
877:
869:
865:
857:
853:
845:
838:
830:
823:
815:
811:
803:
799:
791:
787:
779:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
743:
739:
731:
724:
716:
712:
704:
700:
692:
688:
680:
676:
668:
664:
658:Chuzeville 2012
656:
652:
644:
640:
632:
628:
620:
613:
605:
598:
590:
561:
557:
556:
550:
546:
541:
498:Magdeleine Marx
471:
400:L'Avenir social
338:L'Avenir social
330:
291:Boris Souvarine
273:Colette Reynaud
213:Raymond Péricat
188:
124:
77:
71:
67:
58:
52:
51:27 January 1882
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1251:
1234:
1214:
1202:
1187:
1175:
1154:
1142:
1127:
1115:
1100:
1088:
1073:
1061:
1046:
1027:
1008:
996:
990:. Peter Lang.
981:
969:
954:
936:
916:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:
883:Guéraiche 1999
875:
863:
851:
836:
821:
819:, p. 184.
809:
807:, p. 183.
797:
795:, p. 261.
785:
773:
771:, p. 221.
769:Hollander 2013
761:
759:, p. 175.
749:
737:
735:, p. 165.
722:
710:
708:, p. 280.
698:
696:, p. 172.
686:
684:, p. 221.
674:
662:
650:
638:
636:, p. 322.
626:
611:
596:
558:
555:
554:
543:
542:
540:
537:
470:
467:
329:
326:
240:Fernand Loriot
200:Fernand Loriot
187:
184:
123:
120:
103:
102:
99:
98:Known for
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
72:
70:(aged 80)
66:31 August 1962
64:
60:
59:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1145:
1139:
1136:. McFarland.
1135:
1134:
1128:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1017:
1013:
1009:
999:
993:
989:
988:
982:
972:
966:
962:
961:
955:
944:
943:
937:
926:
922:
917:
906:
902:
897:
896:
891:
885:, p. 68.
884:
879:
876:
873:, p. 23.
872:
867:
864:
861:, p. 12.
860:
855:
852:
849:, p. 10.
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
801:
798:
794:
789:
786:
782:
777:
774:
770:
765:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
720:, p. 22.
719:
714:
711:
707:
702:
699:
695:
690:
687:
683:
682:Schiappa 1989
678:
675:
671:
666:
663:
660:, p. 21.
659:
654:
651:
647:
642:
639:
635:
630:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
609:, p. 95.
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
560:
548:
545:
538:
536:
534:
529:
526:
522:
517:
515:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
468:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
446:
440:
437:
433:
432:Nelly Roussel
429:
425:
421:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
391:
390:Nelly Roussel
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:Émile Janvion
367:
363:
362:
357:
356:
351:
347:
339:
334:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
295:Georges Pioch
292:
288:
284:
283:Nelly Roussel
280:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:Marie Guillot
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
185:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
133:
129:
121:
119:
117:
113:
109:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
65:
61:
56:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1256:. Retrieved
1242:
1227:. Retrieved
1222:
1207:. Retrieved
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1160:
1147:. Retrieved
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1034:
1020:. Retrieved
1015:
1001:. Retrieved
986:
974:. Retrieved
959:
947:. Retrieved
941:
929:. Retrieved
924:
909:. Retrieved
904:
878:
866:
854:
834:, p. 9.
817:Grayzel 1999
812:
805:Grayzel 1999
800:
788:
776:
764:
757:Grayzel 1999
752:
740:
733:Grayzel 1999
713:
706:Grayzel 1999
701:
694:Grayzel 1999
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
547:
530:
520:
518:
514:World War II
510:
505:
501:
487:
482:
474:
472:
463:
459:
453:
449:
444:
442:
435:
428:Marthe Bigot
424:Jean Longuet
416:
399:
394:
373:
359:
353:
350:Saint Lazare
343:
337:
313:
309:
305:
299:
286:
276:
269:Louise Bodin
258:
253:union sacrée
251:
248:Marthe Bigot
224:Marie Mayoux
220:union sacrée
217:
189:
176:Marthe Bigot
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
149:
140:
125:
108:Hélène Brion
107:
106:
68:(1962-08-31)
23:Hélène Brion
1282:1962 deaths
1277:1882 births
1225:(in French)
1037:(in French)
907:(in French)
592:Avrane 2003
469:Later years
368:journalist
265:Louis Malvy
236:Louis Bouët
196:World War I
122:Early years
112:World War I
82:Nationality
1271:Categories
1258:2014-10-27
1229:2014-11-19
1209:2014-12-11
1182:2014-12-11
1149:2014-12-11
1122:2014-11-14
1095:2014-12-11
1068:2014-12-10
1041:2014-10-26
1022:2013-09-19
1003:2014-12-11
976:2013-09-16
949:2014-12-11
931:2014-12-11
911:2014-12-11
871:Cœuré 2003
859:Cœuré 2003
847:Cœuré 2003
832:Cœuré 2003
793:Offen 2000
781:Offen 1983
718:Cœuré 2003
539:References
261:Zimmerwald
90:Occupation
47:1882-01-27
745:R.D. 2012
607:Fell 2009
445:de plano
420:Séverine
378:Séverine
361:le Matin
132:Ardennes
76:, France
892:Sources
93:Teacher
1249:
1200:
1173:
1140:
1113:
1086:
1059:
994:
967:
945:. 2000
302:Pantin
145:Pantin
85:French
404:Épône
143:) in
1247:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1138:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1084:ISBN
1057:ISBN
992:ISBN
965:ISBN
496:and
388:and
358:and
293:and
271:and
230:and
211:and
178:and
170:and
137:SFIO
63:Died
41:Born
1167:273
402:at
1273::
1241:.
1221:.
1169:.
1033:.
1014:.
923:.
903:.
839:^
824:^
725:^
614:^
599:^
562:^
450:he
422:,
384:,
380:,
242:,
238:,
215:.
207:,
166:,
162:,
158:,
154:,
1261:.
1232:.
1212:.
1185:.
1152:.
1125:.
1098:.
1071:.
1044:.
1025:.
1006:.
979:.
952:.
934:.
914:.
747:.
672:.
648:.
624:.
594:.
454:I
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
