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referring to his alleged services provided for the party since 1933. This letter was attested to by a former school colleague, who had become a party official. Nonetheless
Bernatzik's work, his research and position manifest no affinity whatsoever to Nazi Party ideology. Regardless of how one may judge his work today, at no time did it disclose NS propaganda. He never took any official position in the NS regime nor was he expected to do so. Despite this, from a current perspective, his lack of dissociation and some of his contacts can be legitimately criticized. But from his point of view during that epoch, he obviously considered his behavior as inevitable, as a means to proceed with his work and to defend himself against various denunciations, to which he was very exposed. As a freelance ethnologist, photographer and travel journalist the only possibility for him to escape the constraints of the regime would have been exile.
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foreign people made him quite prominent. He prepared a worldwide photo archive of remote tribal people considered as threatened. With regard to colonial policies, Bernatzik argued that colonial administrators should take the customs, way of life and the tribal environment into account. In 1927, he married Emmy
Winkler (1904–1977), a psychology student in Vienna, who became his assistant and travel companion. From 1930 on, he studied
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in March 1938, his correspondence and documents from 1923 to 1944, which are accessible in the Vienna
Library, prove that he joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1938. At the time, however, Austrians eager to join the party were restricted to new membership. Therefore, Bernatzik used a manipulated certificate
480:
of
Leipzig in December 1943; moreover, all negatives of his photo archives burned in 1944, after a bombing of a railway station. Nevertheless, Bernatzik managed to publish without any textual change the "Handbook of Afrika" as well as "Akha and Miao" in 1947. The term "colonial ethnology" had already
463:
However, none of
Bernatzik's expeditions were in connection with any German colonial claim. The destinations, the data and his research interests make this evident. During the war, Bernatzik also worked on the completion of his most important publication, a monograph of Akha and Miao. Between 1940
411:
at the
University of Vienna and completed a PhD doctorate in 1932 with a "monograph of the Kassanga". In June 1935, he applied for his postdoctoral habilitation to the University of Graz to be a professor based on the work he had done on "The development of the child on the Solomon Island of Owa
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Bernatzik died in 1953 after many years of a tropical disease at the age of 56 years. He left important photographic work, accessible in Vienna at the
Photographic Institute Bonartes (bonartes.org), as well as numerous publications translated into many languages and re-edited until the 1960s. The
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Bernatzik financed his research and living expenses as a travel writer and freelance scientist, by publishing photo coverages, giving public slide lectures and purchasing collections for ethnological museums in
Germany and Switzerland. His journalistic activity and his exceptional photographs of
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In 1920, he abandoned his medical studies for financial reasons and became a businessman. After the early death of his first wife
Margarete Ast (1904–1924), he embarked on extensive travels and expeditions taking photographs, which became his profession and passion: Spain and north–west Africa in
439:
as a training officer for Air
Defense. However, in explicit opposition to this war, he attempted everything possible to be released from this service, in order to publish a handbook on Africa. This project was designed to give colonial officers and European settlers a basic knowledge about the
696:, 3 vols., photographs by Hugo A. Bernatzik, Essays by Kevin Conru, Klaus–Jochen Krüger, Margarete Loke, Christina Angela Thomas, Alison Nordström, Jacques Ivanoff. imago mundi, 5 Continents Editions, Milan, 2003,
464:
and 1942, he travelled repeatedly to occupied Paris to cooperate with French ethnologists and to access various colonial archives for his work. He tried as far as possible to help persecuted colleagues at the
626:, 2 vols, chief editor and co–author, with contributions of 32 authors from Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Belgium. Innsbruck: Wagner'schen Univ.– Buchdruckerei 1947.
620:, chief editor and co–author, with revisions on the 1939 edition and contributions of 13 authors. 3 vols. 1280 ph., 1525 pp., Frankfurt am Main: Herkul 1954.
851:
452:. Impressed by Bernatzik's work, Ritter von Epp provided him with several recommendations during the war, which classified the Handbook of Africa as "
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Raha". He received confirmation from the Austrian Federal Ministry in May 1936 in Rangoon. Finally, at the beginning of 1939, he was appointed at the
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608:, 763 pp., New Haven: Human Relation Area Files 1970. (2 vols., 568 pp., 108 ph., Innsbruck: Wagner'schen Univ.–Buchdruckerei 1947).
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460:. The protection of the general allowed Bernatzik, as well as many of his collaborators, to survive the war without too much loss.
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and to prevent the vandalism of archives and collections. Both completed manuscripts, the Africa Handbook and the monograph of
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Drawing as Universal Language. Graphic Works of Southeast Asia and Melanesia, Hugo A. Bernatzik Collection 1932–1937
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Novara – Mitteilungen der österreichisch–südpazifischen Gesellschaft (OSPG). Bd 2. Vienna 1999, pp. 185–196.
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614:, chief editor and co–author, with contributions of 12 authors, 3 vols., Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut 1939.
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following list of main works are itemized according to the date of their first edition and their English edition.
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569:, London: Constable & Co. 1935. New York: H. Holt & Co. 1935 (Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut 1934).
581:, London: Constabel & Co. 1938. New York: R. M. McBride & Co. 1938 (Wien: L. W. Seidel & Sohn 1935).
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535:. London: Constable & Co. 1936. New York: H. Holt & Co. 1936 (Vienna: L. W. Seidel & Sohn 1930).
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757:. Contributions by Manfred Fassler, Jacques Ivanoff, Elisabeth von Samsonow. Springer Wien New York 2011.
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anthropologist and photographer. Bernatzik was the founder of the concept of alternative anthropology.
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725:, 1936–2004 Persistence and Change, Hugo A. Bernatzik. White Lotus, Bangkok 2005. pp. XV– XLV.
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435:. At the beginning of the war, Bernatzik was recruited into the Armed Forces and was stationed in
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563:, 2 vols., 378 photos, contribution by Bernhard Struck, L. W. Seidel & Sohn, Wien 1933.
595:, with collaboration of Emmy Bernatzik. London: R. Hale 1956. (MĂĽnchen: Bertelsmann 1938).
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Ethnologe, Photograph, Publizist – Ein Österreichischer in Melanesien: Hugo A. Bernatzik
547:. London: "The Studio" Ltd. 1931. New York: B. Westermann 1931, (Berlin: Atlantis 1930).
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to the Institute of Geography. Plans for another expedition to the Chinese province of
681:
Der Fall Hugo A.Bernatzik. Ein Leben zwischen Ethnologie und Öffentlichkeit 1897–1953.
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Persistent speculation and rumours were aired regarding Bernatzik's role during the
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Contrary to occasional assertions that Bernatzik had been an early member of the
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Living at the margins. Youth and modernity in the BijagĂł Islands (Guinea-Bissau)
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395:(Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) in 1936–1937; and, French–Morocco in 1949–1950.
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Die Neue große Völkerkunde. Völker und Kulturen der Erde in Wort und Bild
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743:, Hugo Adolf Bernatzik. White Lotus, Bangkok 2005, pp. XI–XXXVIII,
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in a villa commissioned by his father in 1911, built by the architect
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Hugo Adolf Bernatzik was a son of the Professor of Public Law at the
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Die Große Völkerkunde. Sitten, Gebräuche und Wesen fremder Völker
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346:(1854–1919). After school in 1915, he volunteered to join the
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322:(26 March 1897 – 9 March 1953, born and died in the city of
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Fieldwork in Tropical Africa, Southeast Asia and Melanesia
714:, The Magazine of Tribal Art 38, 2005. pp. 108–111
383:, as well as Bali in Indonesia in 1932–1933; Swedish
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countries and their people. It was commissioned the
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in 1927; Romania and Albania between 1926 and 1930;
753:Doris Byer, Christian Reder (eds. and co–authors),
551:Geheimnisvolle Inseln Tropenafrikas. Das Reich der
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719:Introduction and Analysis of the Moken Oral Corpus
606:, Problems of Applied Ethnography in Farther India
541:. 204 photos, L. W. Wien: Seidel & Sohn 1930.
694:Bernatzik: Afrika. South Pacific. Southeast Asia
481:been replaced in 1944 with "applied ethnology".
16:Austrian anthropologist, writer and photographer
737:Introduction, linguistic analysis of the Mlabri
476:, were destroyed by a bomb attack damaging the
533:Gari–Gari, The Call of the African Wilderness
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624:Afrika. Handbuch der angewandten Völkerkunde
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
589:, Wien–Leipzig–Olten: Bernina Verlag 1936.
561:Ă„thiopen des Westens. Portugiesisch Guinea
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215:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:Learn how and when to remove this message
496:Hugo Bernatzik lived with his family in
448:had been a general in Africa during the
90:of all important aspects of the article.
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529:. L. W. Seidel & Sohn, Vienna 1929.
527:Zwischen weissem Nil und Belgisch–Kongo
424:'s attack on Poland in September 1939.
350:and was deployed among other places in
708:Who was Hugo A. Bernatzik? (1897–1953)
86:Please consider expanding the lead to
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135:adding citations to reliable sources
539:Albanien. Das Land der Schkipetaren
504:and furnished by artists from the
342:and member of the House of Peers,
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852:Expatriate photographers in Sudan
488:, forbidden in Austria until the
375:, Museum of Ethnology, Dresden);
363:1924; Egypt and Somalia in 1925;
34:This article has multiple issues.
741:The Spirits of the Yellow Leaves
593:The Spirits of the Yellow Leaves
567:SĂĽdsee. Travels in the South Sea
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665:. In: Hermann MĂĽckler (Hrsg.):
442:NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy
122:needs additional citations for
78:may be too short to adequately
42:or discuss these issues on the
88:provide an accessible overview
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557:, Wasmuth, Berlin–Zürich 1933
847:20th-century anthropologists
776:Bordonaro, Lorenzo Ibrahim,
265:1953 (aged 55–56)
653:Bibliography and references
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683:Böhlau, Köln Weimar 1999.
576:, Overland with the Nomad
545:The Dark Continent, Afrika
478:Bibliographisches Institut
842:Photographers from Vienna
812:Austrian anthropologists
667:Ă–sterreicher im Pazifik.
555:auf den Bissagos Inseln
377:British Solomon Islands
454:war strategic material
312:Die Große Völkerkunde.
498:Heiligenstadt, Vienna
348:Austro–Hungarian Army
817:Travel photographers
446:Franz Ritter von Epp
365:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
340:University of Vienna
320:Hugo Adolf Bernatzik
241:Hugo Adolf Bernatzik
131:improve this article
807:Writers from Vienna
458:"colonial question"
371:in 1930–1931 (with
420:were cut short by
414:University of Graz
381:British New Guinea
763:978-3-7091-0799-7
717:Jacques Ivanoff:
506:Wiener Werkstätte
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82:the key points
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75:lead section
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36:Please help
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837:1953 deaths
832:1897 births
429:Third Reich
274:Nationality
801:Categories
334:Early life
282:Occupation
157:newspapers
39:improve it
490:Anschluss
409:geography
401:ethnology
387:in 1934;
326:) was an
293:1924-1947
80:summarize
45:talk page
631:See also
586:Owa Raha
431:and the
328:Austrian
277:Austrian
642:Owaraha
574:Lapland
553:Bidyogo
385:Lapland
352:Albania
246: (
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521:Works
486:NSDAP
389:Burma
178:JSTOR
164:books
759:ISBN
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685:ISBN
671:ISBN
604:Miao
602:and
600:Akha
474:Miao
472:and
470:Akha
407:and
262:Died
248:1897
244:1897
237:Born
150:news
133:by
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