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in which two people hold one another in each other's arms for an extended period of time. Cuddling can be with family members, friends or lovers. Similar to hugging, cuddling is a more affectionate and intimate embrace, normally done for a longer period of time (usually lasting from a few minutes to
174:, particularly where words are insufficient. A hug usually demonstrates affection and emotional warmth, sometimes arising from joy or happiness when reunited with someone or seeing someone absent after a long time. A non-reciprocal hug may demonstrate a relational problem.
275:
reported that "the hug has become the favorite social greeting when teenagers meet or part these days" in the United States. A number of schools in the United States have issued bans on hugs, which in some cases have resulted in student-led protests against these bans.
576:
Ocklenburg, Sebastian; Packheiser, Julian; Schmitz, Judith; Rook, Noemi; Güntürkün, Onur; Peterburs, Jutta; Grimshaw, Gina M. (2018). "Hugs and kisses – the role of motor preferences and emotional lateralization for hemispheric asymmetries in human social touch".
189:, with right-handed people tending to lead with the right hand, but a heightened emotional state makes it slightly more likely for people to lead with the left hand. This small but significant effect has been attributed to right-hemispheric emotional processing.
229:
While less common, hugging may be undertaken as part of a ritual or social act in certain social groups. It is a custom in some cultures such as France, Spain and Latin
America for male friends to hug (as well as slap each other on the back) in a joyous
177:
A hug can range from a brief one-second squeeze, with the arms not fully around the other person, to an extended holding. The length of a hug in any situation is socially and culturally determined. In the case of lovers, and occasionally others, the
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305:, but if it is reciprocated, it is an indication that it is welcome. Some Western culture commentators advise avoiding hugs at work to prevent uncomfortable moments, especially with people who dislike hugging. Also, a person, especially a
317:. Young children also hug their parents when they feel threatened by an unfamiliar person, although this may be regarded as clinging onto rather than hugging because it demonstrates a need for protection rather than affection.
532:
Packheiser, Julian; Rook, Noemi; Dursun, Zeynep; Mesenhöller, Janne; Wenglorz, Alrescha; Güntürkün, Onur; Ocklenburg, Sebastian (2018). "Embracing your emotions: Affective state impacts lateralisation of human embraces".
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A group hug involves more than two people embracing each other by wrapping their arms around one another in order to physically express their bond with each other. A group hug has been found to be a useful tool in
57:, in which two or more people put their arms around the neck, back, under the arm-pits or waists of one another and hold each other closely. If more than two people are involved, it may be referred to as a
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if a romantic partner hug is shared before a stressful situation. This effect was however only observed for women and not for men. Research indicates that a 20-second-or-longer hug releases oxytocin.
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Light, Kathleen C.; Grewen, Karen M.; Amico, Janet A. (2005). "More frequent partner hugs and higher oxytocin levels are linked to lower blood pressure and heart rate in premenopausal women".
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in many countries, religions and cultures, within families, and also across most age and gender lines, but is generally an indication that people are familiar with each other. Moving from a
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423:, which has a variety of effects. In some cities around the United States, cuddling has evolved into a social activity, where individuals gather for the purpose of cuddling.
419:, cuddling is usually shared between two people who are lying down together or sitting somewhere in an intimate manner. Like hugging, cuddling makes the body release
238:, is also becoming a custom among Western women at meeting or parting. In Portugal and Brazil, it is common, mostly among males, to finish letters and emails with
889:
Berretz, Gesa; Cebula, Chantal; Wortelmann, Blanca Maria; Papadopoulou, Panagiota; Wolf, Oliver T.; Ocklenburg, Sebastian; Packheiser, Julian (18 May 2022).
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to cement a sense of cohesion among the participants after a session, although it may cause discomfort for group members who shy away from physical contact.
336:(permissible) for someone to hug one's significant other during daylight hours if one has self-control. However, if accompanied by libidinous urges, it is
81:
The origins of the word are unknown, but two hypotheses exist. The first is that the verb "hug" (first used in the 1560s) could be related to the
340:(sinful). Hugging between the opposite gender outside the same family is uncommon and often stigmatized in many traditional Islamic communities.
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254:("a hug", or "hug") followed by the sender's signature. Similar formulas may be used in oral communication. In the
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The Art of
Hugging: The World-Famous Kissing Coach Offers Inspiration and Advice on Why, Where, and How to Hug
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891:"Romantic partner embraces reduce cortisol release after acute stress induction in women but not in men"
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may also be pressed together. The emotionality of the hug can also influence the direction of the hug.
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Hugging has been proven to have health benefits. One study has even shown that hugs increase levels of
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Unlike some other types of physical contact, a hug can be practiced publicly and privately without
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298:(or touch-free) relationship to a hug relationship is a sign of a closer friendship.
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93:, which meant to comfort. The second hypothesis is that the word is related to the
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A Canadian journalistic investigation in 2015 noted the popularity of the hug in
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Some cultures do not use hugging as a sign of affection or love, such as the
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Interpersonal
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C. Arnold, Elizabeth; Underman Boggs, Kathleen (8 January 2015).
488:"hug - Origin and meaning of hug by Online Etymology Dictionary"
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An unexpected hug can be regarded as an invasion of a person's
1007:"Cuddle Events, a New Way to Enjoy the Healing Power of Touch"
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262:, a hug may be substituted for a kiss or handshake during the
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several hours). In contrast to hugging, which can often be a
732:"Universal and Culture-Specific Properties of Greetings"
986:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 92–93.
804:(7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 129.
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Bromance : ces gars qui craquent pour leurs amis
222:A hug after a basketball game in the United States
185:The direction of hugs generally corresponds with
368:"Group hug" redirects here. For other uses, see
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240:
770:"A New Rule For The Workplace: 'Hug Sparingly'"
635:"For Teenagers, Hello Means 'How About a Hug?'"
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124:Two men hug after a volleyball match in Canada
396:"Cuddle" redirects here. For other uses, see
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41:A joyful hug between two women at a wedding
234:. A similar hug, usually accompanied by a
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579:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
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131:A hug, sometimes in association with a
1005:Milana, Charlotte (16 December 2021).
328:. During the Islamic fasting month of
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139:. Depending on culture, context and
736:Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
730:Duranti, Alessandro (1997-06-01).
283:among young francophone adults in
143:, a hug can indicate familiarity,
25:
826:"How hugs can aid women's hearts"
689:"School Bans Hugs Over 2 Seconds"
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958:"The Health Benefits of Hugging"
709:Lili Boisvert, radio-canada.ca,
623:, St. Martin's Griffin, US, 2013
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860:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.11.002
591:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.007
956:Colino, Stacey (Feb 3, 2016).
403:Cuddling is a related form of
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1:
633:Kershaw, Sarah (2009-05-27).
963:U.S. News & World Report
916:10.1371/journal.pone.0266887
695:. 2008-03-02. Archived from
665:Grant, Denise (2010-04-15).
379:A group hug among young men.
166:Hugs can indicate support,
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828:. BBC News. August 8, 2005
720:, Canada, January 19, 2015
667:"Students pan hugging ban"
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370:Group hug (disambiguation)
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787:October 20, 2014, at the
547:10.1007/s00426-018-0985-8
505:Kathleen Keating (1994).
53:, found in virtually all
748:10.1525/jlin.1997.7.1.63
398:Cuddle (disambiguation)
309:, may caress and hug a
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1044:Intimate relationships
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535:Psychological Research
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1031:at Wikimedia Commons
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508:The Hug Therapy Book
468:National Hugging Day
438:Haptic communication
32:Hug (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
907:2022PLoSO..1766887B
772:. NPR. 2014-01-11.
716:2016-09-11 at the
640:The New York Times
433:Free Hugs Campaign
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272:The New York Times
208:A hug in Argentina
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27:Form of endearment
1027:Media related to
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417:parting tradition
405:physical intimacy
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443:Hug machine
352:and reduce
172:consolation
832:2008-11-28
651:2009-05-29
474:References
187:handedness
153:friendship
51:endearment
925:1932-6203
756:1055-1360
448:Pound hug
410:nonverbal
364:Group hug
296:handshake
260:Holy Mass
242:Um abraço
149:affection
83:Old Norse
65:Etymology
59:group hug
1038:Category
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895:PLOS ONE
868:15740822
785:Archived
714:Archived
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555:29349505
463:Bear hug
453:Side hug
427:See also
421:oxytocin
413:greeting
392:Cuddling
358:cortisol
350:oxytocin
332:, it is
281:bromance
266:ritual.
232:greeting
161:sympathy
157:flirting
1029:Hugging
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903:Bibcode
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330:Ramadan
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559:S2CID
338:haram
334:halal
322:Himba
307:child
101:hegen
97:word
89:hugga
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988:OCLC
939:PMID
921:ISSN
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693:kpho
595:PMID
551:PMID
513:ISBN
311:doll
180:hips
145:love
133:kiss
929:PMC
911:doi
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415:or
324:in
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