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conducted extensive research in a variety of molecular and neural mechanisms associated with stress reactivity and their relation to anxiety and depression, focusing on the link of opioids and their receptors in stress induced analgesia as well as the role of steroid stress hormone receptors in emotionality. Furthermore, Akil and Watson were the first to demonstrate that there is an abnormal, decreased sensitivity to glucocorticoid fast feedback that occurs at the level of the brain, rather than the
328:, which is an area of the brain that is known to contain a large number of opiate binding sites. This study along with results from other studies conducted at the time suggested that there is a natural neural system in the brain, which uses a morphine-like substance to produce analgesia, however it was not known if the activation of this system was brought about pharmacologically by direct receptor stimulation or electrically by release of the endogenous substance.
339:. What followed was a race against other research groups to isolate these morphine-like chemicals and determine what activates the system. Essentially, they developed a model of stress induced analgesia that was naloxone responsive. Building on prior research, Akil and colleagues established that in the rat, inescapable acute stress causes a significant increase in the opioid peptides, enkephalins and endorphins with a concurrent reduction in pain responsiveness.
414:. Furthermore, she has served as the President of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (1998) and President of the Society for Neuroscience (2004), the largest neuroscience organization in the world. Akil is currently the co-chair for the Neuroscience Steering Committee at the Foundation for the National Institute of Health and serves on the Council of the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences.
31:
426:. They co-direct the University of Michigan Medical School's Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and each has played an integral role in the other's career. The couple has two children, Brendon (also a neuroscientist at the University of Michigan) and Kathleen. Akil describes her approach to parenting her children as going at it "full throttle", keeping her career on track and raising her children simultaneously.
251:, the great physicist and Nobel Prize winner, that was given to her by one of the French nuns at the library. She refers to this instance as a "turning point" in her life where she realized that a woman who grew up far away from the centers of knowledge, Great Britain, France, and the United States, could become a great scientist, like Curie. She pursued her undergraduate degree at the
320:. Akil and colleagues used four different approaches to alter transmission in monoamine pathways: depletion of monoamine stores, replacement of depleted monoamine stores, potentiation of monamine systems, and blockade of catecholamine receptors; the four approaches produced internally consistent results. In 1977, they discovered that the narcotic antagonist
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member of the lab observed that electrical stimulation reduced, rather than enhanced pain experience, which inspired Akil and fellow graduate student, David Mayer, to continue to research this phenomenon, which they later referred to as “stimulation produced analgesia" (SPA). Working on rats, they found that stimulation at several
383:
recipient of the
Society for Neuroscience Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award and the Patricia Goldman-Rakic Prize for Cognitive Neuroscience. Within the past five years Akil has continued to receive awards for her research, which include, the Paul Hoch Distinguished Research Service Award from the
291:
genetic research. Akil says, "It has always been about trying to understand the circuits of emotions. I have always been interested in how the process of responding to the world changes the brain and how, in turn, the brain changes an animals environment and perceptions of the world. I love all of it."
235:, and brain imaging in an effort to accelerate cutting-edge scientific research pertaining to depression and its related mood and emotional disorders. Throughout her career, she has been honored with numerous awards and membership to various societies, most notably she served as a past President of the
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In 1970 Akil joined John
Liebeskind, an assistant professor at UCLA who was interested in the neurobiology of pain, and more specifically focused on the neural circuitry of phantom pain, and the idea that phantom pain was not a purely physical phenomenon, but had a psychological role as well. Another
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methionine enkephalin, and leucine enkephalin, and their receptors, the two groups cloned two types of receptors and performed structure-function analyses in order to determine the molecular basis of high affinity and selectivity towards endogenous ligands. Over the years the two laboratories have
362:
Currently, the Akil
Laboratory is working to develop animal models in order to understand the genetic and developmental basis of differences in temperament and the implications of these inborn differences for vulnerability to anxiety, depression and substance abuse. Numerous former post-doctoral
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for
Neuropsychiatry. In 1998, Akil was honored with the Sachar Award from Columbia University and the Bristol Myers Squibb Unrestricted Research Funds Award. She accepted the John P. McGovern Award in Behavioral Sciences from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2006 and in 2007 was the
342:
Akil continued research in the area of opioid peptides and their receptors at the
University of Michigan Mental Health Research Institute where she was employed as a basic scientist. Her group combined their research efforts with those of her husband, who was also employed at the University of
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Akil's research covers many areas, but is collectively rooted in understanding emotions. Throughout her career her research has included work on opiate receptors, structure function analyses, behavioral studies, the neurobiology of severe psychiatric disorder, post mortem brains, and molecular
270:. At the University of Iowa she took a course on the basics of neuroscience and pharmacology and was intrigued, which led her to complete a rotation in the electrophysiology lab where she did research on learning with Steve Fox. Akil was soon accepted to the
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neuroscientist whose research has contributed to the understanding of the neurobiology of emotions, including pain, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Akil and her colleagues are best known for providing the first physiological evidence for a role of
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sites eradicated responsiveness to painful stimuli and left other sensory modes relatively unaffected. This idea of SPA became the topic of Akil's Ph.D. dissertation. Further research in this area was conducted in the rat by employing the D'Amour and Smith
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219:. Akil is also one of seven leading scientists that comprise the Hope For Depression Research Task Force, whom developed an research plan that combines the currently most advanced knowledge in
266:
Following graduation, Akil continued at the
American University of Beirut with a teaching apprenticeship for a year before traveling to the United States to pursue further education at the
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in 2010, the 2012 Sarnat Prize from the
Institute of Medicine with Watson, and the AAMC 2013 Award for Distinguished Research in the Biomedical Sciences. In 2023 she was awarded the
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that required her to earn straight A's, which was especially difficult, since she was not fluent in
English, however she fulfilled this requirement and graduated in 1967
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with a
Bachelor of Arts in Psychology. Akil initially took interest in the psychology of language, an interest that was sparked by her father, who was a psychologist.
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Madden, J.; Akil, H.; Patrick, R. L.; Barchas, J. D. (1977-01-27). "Stress-induced parallel changes in central opioid levels and pain responsiveness in the rat".
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Mayer, D. J.; Wolfle, T. L.; Akil, H.; Carder, B.; Liebeskind, J. C. (1971-12-24). "Analgesia from electrical stimulation in the brainstem of the rat".
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to pursue her doctoral degree. At UCLA she worked with John
Liebeskind on pain research and after completing her Ph.D. she joined the laboratory of
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Young, E. A.; Haskett, R. F.; Murphy-Weinberg, V.; Watson, S. J.; Akil, H. (1991-08-01). "Loss of glucocorticoid fast feedback in depression".
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Kuhar, Michael J.; Pert, Candace B.; Snyder, Solomon H. (1973). "Regional distribution of opiate receptor binding in monkey and human brain".
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A combination of behavioral, pharmacological, and biochemical research led Akil and colleagues of the Barchas Laboratory at Stanford to the
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Akil, H.; Mayer, D. J.; Liebeskind, J. C. (1976-03-05). "Antagonism of stimulation-produced analgesia by naloxone, a narcotic antagonist".
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partially reverses analgesia produced by focal electrical stimulation of the brain. In this study analgesia was produced in the
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Akil is a decorated scientist, who has been the recipient of numerous awards throughout her career. In 1993, she received the
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1250:"National mental health research award goes to U-M duo :: U-M Psychiatry and Depression Center Newsroom"
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Akil is a Gardner C. Quarton Distinguished Professor of Neurosciences in the Department of Psychiatry at the
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Akil, Huda; Liebeskind, John C. (1975). "Monoaminergic mechanisms of stimulation-produced analgesia".
211:. She previously served as co-director of the Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience institute and the
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in the brain and demonstrating that endorphins are activated by stress and can cause pain inhibition.
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1196:"2013 Award for Distinguished Research in the Biomedical Sciences - AAMC Awards - Initiatives - AAMC"
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Systems Neuroscience, Stress Induced Analgesia, Neurobiology of emotions and mental health disorders
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1021:"Paradoxical effect of corticosteroids on pituitary ACTH/β-endorphin release in stressed animals"
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Michigan as a biological psychiatrist. After characterizing the anatomy of four opioid peptides,
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Pacesetter Award. The following year she was the co-recipient, with Stanley Watson, of the
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629:"Akil, Huda. Interview with James H. Meador-Woodruff. Boca Raton, FL. Web. 11 Dec 2007"
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fellows in the Akil Laboratory have gone on to open their own laboratories, including
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node of the Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium with her husband,
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in Lebanon. She entered university as a sophomore, on a scholarship from the
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454:"Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute Faculty: Huda Akil"
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She was inspired to pursue a life of science after reading a book on
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Monoaminergic mechanisms underlying stimulation-produced analgesia
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https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/psychiatry/brendon-o-watson-md-phd
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in order to investigate role played by the cerebral monoamines,
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Robert J. and Claire Pasarow Foundation Medical Research Award
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https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/psychiatry/shelly-flagel-phd
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Watson, Stanley J.; Akil, Huda; Walker, J. Michael (1980).
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
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Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
672:"The Road From Damascas: An Interview with Huda Akil"
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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780:"A Method for Determining Loss of Pain Sensation"
652:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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778:D'amour, Fred E.; Smith, Donn L. (1941-05-01).
676:Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education
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1424:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
1164:"Dr. Huda Akil | Hotchkiss Brain Institute"
385:American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
1449:Presidents of the Society for Neuroscience
635:. Archived from the original on 2016-03-14
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16:Syrian-American neuroscientist (born 1945)
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1019:Young, Elizabeth A.; Akil, Huda (1988).
488:"Huda Akil, Ph.D. - Hope For Depression"
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150:University of California, Los Angeles
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96:/ Gruber Prize in Neuroscience (2023)
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195:(Arabic: هدی عاقل; born 1945) is a
100:/ National Medal of Science (2023)
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376:National Institute on Drug Abuse
110:US National Academy of Medicine
108:US National Academy of Sciences
1419:20th-century American academics
1330:at National Academy of Sciences
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1429:20th-century Syrian scientists
1379:University of Michigan faculty
1359:American women neuroscientists
1224:2023 Gruber Neuroscience Prize
1084:Archives of General Psychiatry
670:Paul, Carol Ann (2004-06-15).
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741:10.1126/science.174.4016.1351
585:"CURRICULUM VITAE: Huda Akil"
253:American University of Beirut
156:American University of Beirut
1037:10.1016/0306-4530(88)90056-X
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823:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90062-1
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393:National Medal of Science
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243:Early life and education
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71:United States of America
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359:in depressed patients.
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458:www.mbni.med.umich.edu
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213:University of Michigan
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1168:www.hbi.ucalgary.ca
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871:1976Sci...191..961A
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727:(4016): 1351–1354.
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492:Hope For Depression
422:Akil is married to
286:Career and research
280:Stanford University
147:Stanford University
1317:2015-11-19 at the
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365:Dr. Shelly Flagel.
268:University of Iowa
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370:Honors and awards
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