1940:
2415:
535:(ANPA) was established in 1988 and is the American medical subspecialty society for neuropsychiatrists. ANPA holds an annual meeting and offers other forums for education and professional networking amongst subspecialists in behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry as well as clinicians, scientists, and educators in related fields. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. publishes the peer-reviewed
2425:
1952:
32:
1498:
170:
distinction between brain and mind as two different entities has characterized many of the differences between the two specialties. However, it has been argued that this division is fictional; evidence from the last century of research has shown that our mental life has its roots in the brain. Brain
128:
Given the considerable overlap between these subspecialities, there has been a resurgence of interest and debate relating to neuropsychiatry in academia over the last decade. Most of this work argues for a rapprochement of neurology and psychiatry, forming a specialty above and beyond a subspecialty
262:
In sum, the argument is that an understanding of the mental disorders must not only have a specific knowledge of brain constituents and genetics (inside-the-skin) but also the context (outside-the-skin) in which these parts operate (Koch and
Laurent, 1999). Only by joining neurology and psychiatry,
175:
may be useful for several reasons. First, rejecting dualism implies that all mentation is biological, which provides a common research framework in which understanding and treatment of mental disorders can be advanced. Second, it mitigates widespread confusion about the legitimacy of mental illness
141:
by training, has summarized the argument for reunion: "the separation of the two categories is arbitrary, often influenced by beliefs rather than proven scientific observations. And the fact that the brain and mind are one makes the separation artificial anyway." These points and some of the other
283:
caused by sexual repression. However, starting with the efficacy of neuroleptic drugs in attenuating symptoms (Shapiro, Shapiro and Wayne, 1973) the syndrome has gained pathophysiological support (e.g. Singer, 1997) and is hypothesized to have a genetic basis too, based on its high inheritability
549:
The
International Neuropsychiatric Association was established in 1996. INA holds congresses biennially in countries around the world and partners with regional neuropsychiatric associations around the world to support regional neuropsychiatric conferences and to facilitate the development of
1037:
Arciniegas DB, Kaufer DI; Joint
Advisory Committee on Subspecialty Certification of the American Neuropsychiatric Association; Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology. Core Curriculum for Training in Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006
561:
The
British NeuroPsychiatry Association (BNPA) was founded in 1987 and is the leading academic and professional body for medical practitioners and professionals allied to medicine in the UK working at the interface of the clinical and cognitive neurosciences and psychiatry.
242:
It is also argued that this augmented understanding of etiology will lead to better remediation and rehabilitation strategies through an understanding of the different levels in the causal process where one can intervene. It may be that non-organic interventions, like
92:
factors. Within neuropsychiatry, the mind is considered "as an emergent property of the brain", whereas other behavioral and neurological specialties might consider the two as separate entities. Those disciplines are typically practiced separately.
1071:
Gamazo-Garran, P., Soutullo, C.A. & Ortuno, F. (2002) Obsessive compulsive disorder secondary to brain dysgerminoma in an adolescent boy: a positron emission tomography case report. Journal of Child and
Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 12,
1166:
Tienari, P., Wynne, L. C., Sorri, A., Lahti, I., Läksy, K., Moring, J., Naarala., M, Nieminen, P., & Wahlberg K. (2004) Genotype–environment interaction in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: long-term follow-up study of
Finnish adoptees.
496:, can be addressed by neuropsychiatry and lead to improved patient care. In sum, it is argued that patients from both traditional psychiatry and neurology departments will see their care improved following a reuniting of the specialties.
2219:
215:(personal, interpersonal, cultural). This dichotomy is argued not to be instructive and authors have argued that it is better conceptualized as two ends of a causal continuum. The benefits of this position are: firstly, understanding of
1145:
Schiffer, R.B, Bowen, B., Hinderliter, J., Hurst, D.L., Lajara-Nanson, W.A., & Packard, R.C. (2004). Neuropsychiatry: A Management Model for
Academic Medicine. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 16,
1104:
Mocellin, R., Walterfang, M., & Velakoulis, D. (2006) Neuropsychiatry of complex visual hallucinations. Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 742-751
569:(NPF) was founded. NPF aims to support effective communication and interdisciplinary collaboration, develop education schemes and research projects, organize neuropsychiatric conferences and seminars.
187:
was the distinction between mind or first-person experience and the brain. That this difference is taken to be artificial by proponents of mind/brain monism supports a merge between these specialties.
1078:
Kaye, W.H., Bailer, U.F., Frank, G.K., Wagner, A., & Henry, S.E. (2005). Brain imaging of serotonin after recovery from anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Physiology & Behaviour, 86(1-2), 15-7
1045:, Alexander, L., Shaw, S.H., & Kelsoe, J. (2003) Evidence that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the G protein receptor kinase 3 gene is associated with bipolar disorder"
308:
1052:
Becker, A.E. (2004) Television, Disordered Eating, and Young Women in Fiji: Negotiating Body Image and
Identity During Rapid Social Change. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 28(4): 533–559.
2204:
1156:
Shergill, S. S., Brammer, M. J., Williams, S., Murray, R.M., & McGuire, P.K. (2000). Mapping auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging"
537:
1107:
Rempel-Clower, N.L., Zola, S.M., Squire, L.R., & Amaral, D.G. (1996). Three cases of enduring memory impairment after bilateral damage limited to the hippocampal formation"
2383:
2214:
2134:
171:
and mind have been argued not to be discrete entities but just different ways of looking at the same system (Marr, 1982). It has been argued that embracing this mind/brain
736:
1088:
Lerner, A.J., & Whitehouse, P.J. (2002) Neuropsychiatric aspects of dementias associated with motor dysfunction. Washington, DC: American
Psychiatric (pp 931–937)
2390:
2373:
2184:
231:, which have been found to have some neuropathology (Uher and Treasure, 2005) but also show increased incidence in rural Fijian school girls after exposure to
1860:
2139:
525:
1101:
Mayberg, H.S. (1997). Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 9, 471–481.
1138:
Saxena, S., Brody, A.L., Schwartz, T.M., & Baxter, L.R. (1998). Neuroimaging and frontal-subcortical circuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
113:
108:, and attempts to utilize this understanding to better treat illnesses that fall under both neurological and mental disorder classifications (e.g.,
1064:
255:
is a pertinent example of this and is encouraging from a patient perspective as the potentiality for pernicious side effects is decreased while
2464:
1332:
284:(Robertson, 2000). This trend can be seen for many hitherto traditionally psychiatric disorders (see table) and is argued to support reuniting
2144:
532:
480:
strategies beyond current ones that lump together ranges of symptoms. However, it cuts both ways: traditionally neurological disorders, like
1990:
1300:
2194:
1174:
Uher, R., & Treasure, J. (2005) Brain lesions and eating disorders. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 76, 852–7.
2179:
2154:
2459:
1840:
555:
512:"Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry" fellowships are accredited by the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties (UCNS;
2169:
2149:
2378:
2174:
2023:
279:, which Ferenczi (1921), although never having seen a patient with Tourette syndrome, suggested was the symbolic expression of
2280:
2250:
2209:
1196:
2275:
2224:
2159:
1681:
1168:
1150:
1139:
422:
1835:
1656:
1056:
244:
1875:
1149:
Shapiro, A.K., Shapiro, E., Wayne, H., & Clarkin, J. (1973). Organic factors in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.
1121:
Ross, C.A., Margolis, R.L., Reading, S.A.J., Pletnikov, M., & Coyle, J.T (2006). Neurobiology of Schizophrenia"
2189:
1402:
1325:
477:
2368:
2265:
2260:
2033:
2028:
1870:
1845:
1714:
1091:
Linden, D. E. J. (2006). How psychotherapy changes the brain – the contribution of functional neuroimaging"
578:
20:
1135:
Sachdev, P.S. (2005). Whither Neuropsychiatry? Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,17,140-141.
2449:
2312:
2307:
2199:
2038:
1983:
1809:
1784:
1709:
1616:
1521:
1417:
1290:
42:
1956:
2400:
1646:
1357:
1352:
1216:
271:
To further sketch psychiatry's history shows a departure from structural neuropathology, relying more upon
247:(CBT), better attenuate disorders alone or in conjunction with drugs. Linden's (2006) demonstration of how
2347:
2083:
2043:
1641:
1631:
1541:
1422:
1377:
566:
481:
134:
239:, the risk for which may be considerably reduced in a healthy family environment (Tienari et al., 2004).
2428:
2395:
2270:
2245:
2164:
2018:
1944:
1704:
1699:
1506:
1397:
1318:
730:
608:
795:
Martin, J.B. (2002). "The integration of neurology, psychiatry, and neuroscience in the 21st century".
1075:
Green, M.F. (2001) Schizophrenia Revealed: From Neurons to Social Interactions. New York: W.W. Norton.
2322:
2317:
2063:
2053:
2013:
1925:
1676:
1516:
1487:
1382:
603:
504:
Schiffer et al. (2004) argue that there are good management and financial reasons for rapprochement.
105:
1273:
1114:
Robertson, M.M. (2000). Tourette syndrome, associated conditions and the complexities of treatment"
865:
Price, B.H.; Adams, R.D.; Coyle, J.T. (2000). "Neurology and psychiatry: Closing the great divide".
296:
Linking traditional psychiatric symptoms or disorders to brain structures and genetic abnormalities.
46:
2240:
2098:
2078:
2058:
1976:
1819:
1719:
1596:
1566:
1551:
1258:
2414:
755:
Yudofsky, S.C.; Hales, E.H. (2002). "Neuropsychiatry and the Future of Psychiatry and Neurology".
513:
16:
Branch of medicine that deals with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system
2454:
2342:
2073:
1895:
1789:
1729:
1452:
1432:
890:
358:
224:
50:
299:(This table is in not exhaustive but provides some neurological bases to psychiatric symptoms.)
2418:
2302:
2068:
1814:
1749:
1724:
1576:
1536:
1022:
930:
882:
847:
830:
Berrios, G.E.; Marková, I.S. (2002). "The concept of neuropsychiatry: a historical overview".
812:
772:
718:
700:
659:
651:
489:
350:
322:
276:
117:
89:
1055:
Bell, V., Halligan, P.W., Ellis, H.D. (2006). Explaining delusions: a cognitive perspective.
59:
2287:
1855:
1739:
1666:
1581:
1462:
1412:
1197:
Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry, United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties, US
1177:
Vawter, M.P., Freed, W.J., & Kleinman, J.E. (2000). Neuropathology of bipolar disorder"
922:
874:
839:
804:
764:
708:
690:
641:
484:, are being recognized for their high incidence of traditionally psychiatric symptoms, like
341:
228:
130:
1041:
Barrett, T.B., Hauger, R.L., Kennedy, J.L., Sadovnick, A.D., Remick, R.A. & Keck, P.E,
2337:
2297:
2255:
2103:
2048:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1794:
1734:
1671:
1546:
1531:
1482:
1472:
1427:
593:
438:
252:
151:
101:
1163:
Singer, H.S. (1997). Neurobiology of Tourette syndrome. Neurologic Clinics, 15, 357–379.
550:
neuropsychiatry in the countries/regions where those conferences are held. Prof. Robert
2332:
2118:
2113:
1880:
1850:
1779:
1754:
1744:
1591:
1571:
1561:
1447:
1367:
713:
678:
200:
843:
199:
traditionally looks at the causes of disorders from an "inside-the-skin" perspective (
2443:
2352:
2108:
1804:
1799:
1764:
1661:
1651:
1611:
1457:
1392:
1387:
1042:
588:
551:
451:
406:
389:
372:
256:
248:
236:
894:
2327:
2292:
1890:
1885:
1769:
1601:
1526:
1477:
1467:
1442:
1437:
1407:
1341:
1098:
Marr, D. (1982). Vision: A Computational Approach. San Francisco: Freeman & Co.
280:
97:
85:
990:
1004:
1759:
1606:
1259:
Royal College of Psychiatrists, Special Interest Group in Neuropsychiatry (SIGN)
768:
354:
138:
926:
808:
2220:
Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
1999:
1920:
1621:
1230:
598:
517:
289:
232:
208:
180:
167:
77:
1128:
Sabshin, M. (1990). Turning points in twentieth-century American psychiatry"
704:
695:
655:
457:
Kaye et al. (2005), Uher and Treasure (2005), Olsen (2011), Slochower (1987)
2088:
1865:
1556:
583:
558:
serves as President-Elect with Dr. Gilberto Brofman as Secretary-Treasurer.
521:
493:
492:(Lerner and Whitehouse, 2002). These symptoms, which are largely ignored in
485:
447:
285:
212:
196:
184:
155:
81:
1223:
934:
886:
851:
816:
776:
722:
663:
84:, in an effort to understand and attribute behavior to the interaction of
1774:
913:
Kendler, K.S. (2005). "Toward a Philosophical Structure for Psychiatry".
646:
629:
469:
397:
Retinogeniculocalcarine tract, ascending brainstem modulatory structures
362:
272:
216:
204:
73:
878:
473:
176:
by suggesting that all disorders should have a footprint in the brain.
1305:
1285:
1209:
1081:
Koch, C. & Laurent, G. (1999). Complexity and the nervous system"
1268:
172:
109:
1497:
220:
159:
1295:
966:
468:
Further, it is argued that this nexus will allow a more refined
433:
Saxena et al. (1998), Gamazo-Garran, Soutullo and Ortuno (2002)
263:
it is argued, can this nexus be used to reduce human suffering.
163:
1972:
1314:
1310:
25:
1968:
1248:
948:
679:"Neuropsychiatry: Where Are We And Where Do We Go From Here?"
367:
Barrett et al. (2003), Vawter, Freed, & Kleinman (2000)
292:
because both are dealing with disorders of the same system.
162:, whereas psychiatrists have laid claim to illnesses of the
1253:
1062:
Ferenczi, S. (1921) Psychoanalytical observations on tic.
124:
The case for the rapprochement of neurology and psychiatry
2205:
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
1263:
1224:
Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation
1210:
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
634:
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
380:
NMDA receptor activation in the human prefrontal cortex
55:
1243:
430:
Frontal-subcortical circuitry, right caudate activity
554:
is the current President of the organization whereas
538:
Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
454:
dysfunction, changes to mesolimbic dopamine pathways
2215:
Taiwanese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
472:
of mental illness to emerge thus helping to improve
2361:
2233:
2135:
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
2127:
2006:
1828:
1690:
1630:
1505:
1366:
411:Projection, cold distant mother causing a weak ego
394:Projection, cold distant mother causing a weak ego
330:Limbic-cortical dysregulation, monoamine imbalance
1296:University of Pennsylvania Neuropsychiatry Program
100:of psychiatry as it closely relates the fields of
1291:Neuropsychiatry Program, British Columbia, Canada
565:In 2011, a non-profit professional society named
516:), in a manner analogous to the accreditation of
1023:"Bulletin Of The Royal College Of Psychiatrists"
96:Currently, neuropsychiatry has become a growing
1274:Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology
427:Harsh parenting leading to love-hate conflict
2185:Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia
1984:
1326:
1306:Neuropsychiatry Program at Sheppard Pratt, US
1301:University of Chicago Neuropsychiatry Program
1286:Royal Melbourne Hospital Neuropsychiatry Unit
735:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
8:
1861:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
1005:"International Neuropsychiatric Association"
949:"International Neuropsychiatric Association"
677:Sachdev, Perminder S.; Mohan, Adith (2013).
275:(Sabshin, 1990). A good example of this is
2140:American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
1991:
1977:
1969:
1333:
1319:
1311:
1264:International Neuropsychiatric Association
526:American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
195:One of the reasons for the divide is that
179:In sum, a reason for the division between
991:"Neurokrish - The Neuropsychiatry Center"
712:
694:
645:
541:, which is the official journal of ANPA.
400:Mocellin, Walterfang, Velakoulis, (2006)
150:Neurologists have focused objectively on
750:
748:
746:
524:residencies in the United States by the
294:
219:will be enriched, in particular between
1254:The British Neuropsychiatry Association
1065:International Journal of Psychoanalysis
908:
906:
904:
790:
788:
786:
620:
414:Frontotemporal functional connectivity
251:has neurobiological commonalities with
1217:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
728:
443:Attempted control of internal anxiety
129:of psychiatry. For example, Professor
2374:Neurological conditions and disorders
2145:American Neuropsychiatric Association
1249:American Neuropsychiatric Association
533:American Neuropsychiatric Association
7:
1951:
1238:International/national organizations
142:major arguments are detailed below.
2195:National Institute of Mental Health
235:(Becker, 2004). Another example is
2180:Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists
2155:Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse
628:Sachdev, Perminder S. (May 2005).
14:
1841:Development of the nervous system
1280:Specific neuropsychiatry programs
832:Journal of Psychosomatic Research
2423:
2413:
2170:European Psychiatric Association
2150:American Psychiatric Association
1950:
1939:
1938:
1496:
556:Prof. Ennapadam S Krishnamoorthy
30:
2424:
2175:Global Initiative on Psychiatry
2024:Child and adolescent psychiatry
2391:Psychiatric survivors movement
2281:Psychiatric survivors movement
2251:Controversies about psychiatry
2210:Royal College of Psychiatrists
1269:Neuropsychiatry in New Zealand
1158:Archives of General Psychiatry
1130:American Journal of Psychiatry
967:"אתר הבית של פרופ' חיים בלמקר"
915:American Journal of Psychiatry
797:American Journal of Psychiatry
757:American Journal of Psychiatry
1:
2465:Treatment of bipolar disorder
2276:Political abuse of psychiatry
2225:World Psychiatric Association
2160:Chinese Society of Psychiatry
1682:Social cognitive neuroscience
1169:British Journal of Psychiatry
1151:British Journal of Psychiatry
1140:British Journal of Psychiatry
844:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00427-0
423:Obsessive-compulsive disorder
1657:Molecular cellular cognition
1057:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
245:cognitive behavioral therapy
211:looks at "outside-the-skin"
56:help to improve this article
1876:Neurodevelopmental disorder
1851:Neural network (biological)
1846:Neural network (artificial)
769:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1261
545:International organizations
2481:
2190:Indian Psychiatric Society
1403:Computational neuroscience
1191:Subspecialty Certification
927:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.433
809:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.695
630:"Whither Neuropsychiatry?"
450:system, right frontal and
49:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
18:
2409:
2266:Electroconvulsive therapy
2261:Biopsychiatry controversy
2034:Cross-cultural psychiatry
2029:Cognitive neuropsychiatry
1934:
1871:Neurodegenerative disease
1715:Evolutionary neuroscience
1494:
1348:
1231:Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
579:Cognitive neuropsychiatry
21:Neuropsychiatry (journal)
2460:Psychiatric specialities
2313:Psychiatric epidemiology
2308:Philosophy of psychiatry
2200:Philadelphia Association
2039:Developmental disability
1836:Brain–computer interface
1785:Neuromorphic engineering
1710:Educational neuroscience
1617:Nutritional neuroscience
1522:Clinical neurophysiology
1418:Integrative neuroscience
696:10.4103/0973-1229.109282
2379:Psychiatric medications
1647:Behavioral neuroscience
1109:Journal of Neuroscience
699:(inactive 2024-04-27).
500:Better management model
2348:Psychosomatic medicine
2084:Nutritional psychiatry
2044:Descriptive psychiatry
1642:Affective neuroscience
1423:Molecular neuroscience
1378:Behavioral epigenetics
1244:Neuropsychiatric forum
567:Neuropsychiatric Forum
417:Shergill et al., 2000
377:Narcissistic/escapism
135:Harvard Medical School
2271:Insulin shock therapy
2246:Clinical neuroscience
2165:Democratic Psychiatry
2019:Biological psychiatry
1705:Cultural neuroscience
1700:Consumer neuroscience
1542:Neurogastroenterology
1398:Cellular neuroscience
1179:Biological Psychiatry
609:Psychoneuroimmunology
464:Improved patient care
305:Psychiatric symptoms
19:For the journal, see
2384:by condition treated
2323:Psychiatric hospital
2318:Psychiatric genetics
2064:Geriatric psychiatry
2054:Emergency psychiatry
2014:Addiction psychiatry
1677:Sensory neuroscience
1517:Behavioral neurology
1488:Systems neuroscience
1093:Molecular Psychiatry
1047:Molecular Psychiatry
683:Mens Sana Monographs
647:10.1176/jnp.17.2.140
604:Psychiatric genetics
327:Anger turned inward
158:, especially of the
106:behavioral neurology
2241:Behavioral medicine
2099:Palliative medicine
2079:Military psychiatry
2059:Forensic psychiatry
1820:Social neuroscience
1720:Global neurosurgery
1597:Neurorehabilitation
1567:Neuro-ophthalmology
1552:Neurointensive care
1383:Behavioral genetics
482:Parkinson's disease
383:Ross et al. (2006)
301:
118:Tourette's syndrome
2343:Psychopharmacology
2074:Liaison psychiatry
1896:Neuroimmune system
1790:Neurophenomenology
1730:Neural engineering
1453:Neuroendocrinology
1433:Neural engineering
1132:147(10),1267-1274.
1038:Winter;18(1):6-13.
971:haimbelmaker.co.il
879:10.1212/wnl.54.1.8
359:anterior cingulate
314:Neural correlates
295:
2437:
2436:
2369:Counseling topics
2303:Pentylenetetrazol
2069:Immuno-psychiatry
1966:
1965:
1815:Paleoneurobiology
1750:Neuroepistemology
1725:Neuroanthropology
1691:Interdisciplinary
1577:Neuropharmacology
1537:Neuroepidemiology
1009:Committee Members
461:
460:
351:Prefrontal cortex
277:Tourette syndrome
227:. One example is
146:Mind/brain monism
133:, former Dean of
90:social psychology
80:as it relates to
67:
66:
51:quality standards
2472:
2427:
2426:
2417:
2288:Imaging genetics
1993:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1954:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1856:Detection theory
1740:Neurocriminology
1667:Neurolinguistics
1582:Neuroprosthetics
1500:
1463:Neuroinformatics
1413:Imaging genetics
1335:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1142:,173(35), 26–37.
1118:123(3), 425–462.
1085:284(5411), 96–8.
1030:
1029:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
963:
957:
956:
953:Official Website
945:
939:
938:
910:
899:
898:
862:
856:
855:
827:
821:
820:
792:
781:
780:
763:(8): 1261–1264.
752:
741:
740:
734:
726:
716:
698:
674:
668:
667:
649:
625:
342:Bipolar disorder
302:
300:
229:eating disorders
191:Causal pluralism
131:Joseph B. Martin
76:that deals with
45:and may require
34:
33:
26:
2480:
2479:
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1891:Neuroimaging
1886:Neurogenesis
1770:Neurohistory
1735:Neurobiotics
1634:neuroscience
1602:Neurosurgery
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1527:Epileptology
1509:neuroscience
1478:Neurophysics
1468:Neurometrics
1443:Neurobiology
1438:Neuroanatomy
1408:Connectomics
1342:Neuroscience
1229:
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1181:48, 486–504.
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98:subspecialty
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1760:Neuroethics
1607:Neurotology
1095:11, 528–38.
1049:8, 546−557.
873:(1): 8–14.
689:(1): 4–15.
474:remediation
355:hippocampus
225:environment
139:neurologist
2444:Categories
2000:Psychiatry
1921:Neurotoxin
1622:Psychiatry
1068:, 2: 1-30.
976:2017-01-25
615:References
599:Psychiatry
518:psychiatry
490:depression
323:Depression
290:psychiatry
233:television
209:psychiatry
207:) whereas
181:psychiatry
78:psychiatry
43:term paper
2455:Neurology
2089:Narcology
1866:Neurochip
1632:Cognitive
1557:Neurology
867:Neurology
705:0973-1229
656:0895-0172
584:Neurology
522:neurology
494:neurology
486:psychosis
448:serotonin
446:Atypical
405:Auditory
286:neurology
213:causation
197:neurology
185:neurology
168:antipodal
156:pathology
82:neurology
54:. Please
1945:Category
1829:Concepts
1775:Neurolaw
1507:Clinical
1203:Journals
1146:336–341.
1072:259–263.
935:15741457
895:19841796
887:10636118
852:12169337
817:11986119
777:12153815
723:23678234
664:15939966
573:See also
528:(ABPN).
470:nosology
363:amygdala
273:ideology
217:etiology
205:genetics
74:medicine
62:in tone.
2429:Outline
1957:Commons
1370:science
1358:History
1353:Outline
1083:Science
714:3653233
388:Visual
317:Source
166:. This
152:organic
60:neutral
47:cleanup
2419:Portal
1693:fields
1123:Neuron
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815:
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703:
662:
654:
173:monism
137:and a
110:autism
2362:Lists
1368:Basic
1116:Brain
1026:(PDF)
891:S2CID
338:Mania
221:brain
160:brain
931:PMID
883:PMID
848:PMID
813:PMID
773:PMID
737:link
719:PMID
701:ISSN
660:PMID
652:ISSN
531:The
520:and
488:and
476:and
353:and
288:and
223:and
183:and
164:mind
114:ADHD
104:and
88:and
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