777:. To identify the aspects of humour which might contribute to an increase in pain tolerance the study separated its fifty-six female participants into three groups, cheerfulness, exhilaration and humour production. The subjects were further separated into two groups, high Trait-Cheerfulness and high Trait-Seriousness according to the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory. The instructions for the three groups were as follows: the cheerfulness group were told to get excited about the movie without laughing or smiling, the exhilaration group was told to laugh and smile excessively, exaggerating their natural reactions, the humour production group was told to make humorous comments about the video clip as they watched. To ensure that the participants actually found the movie humorous and that it produced the desired effects the participants took a survey on the topic which resulted in a mean score of 3.64 out of 5. The results of the Cold Press Test showed that the participants in all three groups experienced a higher pain threshold and a higher pain tolerance than previous to the film. The results did not show a significant difference between the three groups.
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644:; humour) caught on as a new term for humour, sparking a fad for humour literature, as well as impassioned debate about what type of humorous sensibility best suited China, a poor, weak country under partial foreign occupation. While some types of comedy were officially sanctioned during the rule of Mao Zedong, the Party-state's approach towards humour was generally repressive. Social liberalisation in the 1980s, commercialisation of the cultural market in the 1990s, and the advent of the internet have eachâdespite an invasive state-sponsored censorship apparatusâenabled new forms of humour to flourish in China in recent decades.
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861:, so in the interest of encouraging employee consent to the rigours of the labour process, management often ignore, tolerate and even actively encourage playful practices, with the purpose of furthering organisational goals. Essentially, fun in the workplace is no longer being seen as frivolous. The most current approach of managed fun and laughter in the workplace originated in North America, where it has taken off to such a degree, that it has humour consultants flourishing, as some states have introduced an official "fun at work" day. The results have carried claims of
837:. In fact, one of the most agreed upon key impacts that workplace humour has on people's well-being, is the use of humour as a coping strategy to aid in dealing with daily stresses, adversity or other difficult situations. Sharing a laugh with a few colleagues may improve moods, which is pleasurable, and people perceive this as positively affecting their ability to cope. Fun and enjoyment are critical in people's lives and the ability for colleagues to be able to laugh during work, through banter or other, promotes harmony and a sense of cohesiveness.
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Conflict is inherent in these interactions. The use of humour plays an important role in conflict resolution and ultimately in school success and psychological adjustment. The use of humour that is socially acceptable leads to a lower likelihood of being a victim of bullying, whereas the use of self-disparaging humour leads to a higher likelihood of being bullied. When students are bullied, the use of self-disparaging humour can lead to an exacerbation of the negative effects on the student's psychological adjustment to school.
656:, an audience, and the subject matter of the humour. The two transformations associated with this particular model involves the subject matter of the humour, and the change in the audience's perception of the humorous person, therefore establishing a relationship between the humorous speaker and the audience. The social transformation model views humour as adaptive because it communicates the present desire to be humorous as well as future intentions of being humorous. This model is used with deliberate
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certain period of time. One group was exposed to humorous content, while the other was not. The anxiety levels were measured through self-report measures as well as the heart rate. Subjects which rated high on sense of humour reported less anxiety in both groups, while subjects which rated lower on sense of humour reported less anxiety in the group which was exposed to the humorous material. However, there was not a significant difference in the heart rate between the subjects.
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constituents of psychological wellbeing. Additionally, adaptive humour styles may enable people to preserve their sense of wellbeing despite psychological problems. In contrast, maladaptive humour types (aggressive and self-defeating) are associated with poorer overall psychological wellbeing, emphasis on higher levels of anxiety and depression. Therefore, humour may have detrimental effects on psychological wellbeing, only if that humour is of negative characteristics.
720:. For example, self-defeating or aggressive humour. Research has proposed 2 types of humour that each consist of 2 styles, making 4 styles in total. The two types are adaptive versus maladaptive humour. Adaptive humour consist of facilitative and self-enhancing humour, and maladaptive is self-defeating and aggressive humour. Each of these styles can have a different impact on psychological and individuals' overall subjective wellbeing.
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satisfaction by allowing the humour to release stress and anxiety caused by changes in the individuals life. Laughing and humour can be a substitute for the decrease in satisfaction by allowing individuals to feel better about their situations by alleviating the stress. This, in turn, can help them to maintain a sense of satisfaction towards their new and changing life style.
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and serves as a social bonding function. Humour may also help the transition in helping the individual to maintain positive feelings towards those who are enforcing the changes in their lives. These new social interactions can be critical for these transitions in their lives and humour will help these new social interactions to take place making these transitions easier.
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232:, attempts to explain humour's existence. The theory says "humour only occurs when something seems wrong, unsettling, or threatening, but simultaneously seems okay, acceptable or safe." Humour can be used as a method to easily engage in social interaction by taking away that awkward, uncomfortable, or uneasy feeling of social interactions.
1027:, and a more positive self-concept as well as other health benefits which have been recorded and acknowledged through various studies. Even patients with specific diseases have shown improvement with ageing using humour. Overall there is a strong correlation through constant humour in ageing and better health in the individuals.
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by longer periods of muscle relaxation. The cardiovascular benefits of laughter also seem to be just a figment of imagination as a study that was designed to test oxygen saturation levels produced by laughter, showed that even though laughter creates sporadic episodes of deep breathing, oxygen saturation levels are not affected.
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women with a sense of humour as potential partners. When women were given the forced-choice design in the study, they chose funny men as potential relationship partners even though they rated them as being less honest and intelligent. Post-Hoc analysis showed no relationship between humour quality and favourable judgments.
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and humour do not always have a one-to-one association. While most previous theories assumed the connection between the two almost to the point of them being synonymous, psychology has been able to scientifically and empirically investigate the supposed connection, its implications, and significance.
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The use of humour plays an important role in youth development. Studies have shown that humour is especially important in social interactions with peers. School entry is the time when the importance of parents fades into the background and social interaction with peers becomes increasingly important.
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Humour may also be used to offset negative feelings about a workplace task or to mitigate the use of profanity, or other coping strategies, that may not be otherwise tolerated. Not only can humour in the workplace assist with defusing negative emotions, but it may also be used as an outlet to discuss
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where one is communicating with desires to be accepted into someone else's specific social group. Although self-deprecating humour communicates weakness and fallibility in the bid to gain another's affection, it can be concluded from the model that this type of humour can increase romantic attraction
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Madelijn Strick, Rob
Holland, Rick van Baaren, and Ad van Knippenberg (2009) of Radboud University conducted a study that showed the distracting nature of a joke on bereaved individuals. Subjects were presented with a wide range of negative pictures and sentences. Their findings showed that humorous
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Self-defeating humour. People with this style of humour tend to amuse others by using self-disparaging jokes, and also tend to laugh along with others when being taunted. It is hypothesised that people attempt to use this style of humour as a means of social acceptance â which is often unsuccessful.
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are two major factors in the desire for future interaction. Women regard physical attractiveness less highly compared to men when it came to dating, a serious relationship, and sexual intercourse. However, women rate humorous men more desirable than nonhumorous individuals for a serious relationship
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90% of men and 81% of women, all college students, report having a sense of humour is a crucial characteristic looked for in a romantic partner. Humour and honesty were ranked as the two most important attributes in a significant other. It has since been recorded that humour becomes more evident and
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or other facilities of care. With this transition certain social interactions with friend and family may be limited forcing the individual to look elsewhere for these social interactions. Humour has been shown to make transitions easier, as humour is shown reduce stress and facilitate socialisation
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This brings into question the definition of humour, then. If it is to be defined by the cognitive processes which display laughter, then humour itself can encompass a variety of negative as well as positive emotions. However, if humour is limited to positive emotions and things which cause positive
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In 2009, Diana
Szameitat conducted a study to examine the differentiation of emotions in laughter. They hired actors and told them to laugh with one of four different emotional associations by using auto-induction, where they would focus exclusively on the internal emotion and not on the expression
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There have been claims that laughter can be a supplement for cardiovascular exercise and might increase muscle tone. However an early study by
Paskind J. showed that laughter can lead to a decrease in skeletal muscle tone because the short intense muscle contractions caused by laughter are followed
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In the study on humour and psychological well-being, research has concluded that high levels of adaptive type humour (affiliative and self-enhancing) is associated with better self-esteem, positive affect, greater self-competency, as well as anxiety control and social interactions. All of which are
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show that humour is in fact a major factor in achieving, and sustaining, higher psychological wellbeing. This hypothesis is known as general facilitative hypothesis for humour. That is, positive humour leads to positive health. Not all contemporary research, however, supports the previous assertion
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Humour can also help ageing individuals maintain a sense of satisfaction in their lives. Through the ageing process many changes will occur, such as losing the right to drive a car. This can cause a decrease in satisfaction in the lives of the individual. Humour helps to alleviate this decrease of
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elicited after negative pictures and sentences were presented. In addition, the humour therapy was more effective in reducing negative affect as the degree of affect increased in intensity. Humour was immediately effective in helping to deal with distress. The escapist nature of humour as a coping
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A study designed to test the positive physiological effects of humour, the relationship between being exposed to humour and pain tolerance in particular, was conducted in 1994 by Karen Zwyer, Barbara Velker, and
Willibald Ruch. To test the effects of humour on pain tolerance the test subjects were
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suggest humour can positively affect one's desirability for a specific relationship partner, but this effect is only most likely to occur when men use humour and are evaluated by women. No evidence was found to suggest men prefer women with a sense of humour as partners, nor women preferring other
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There are also potential relationships between humour and having a healthy immune system. SIgA is a type of antibody that protects the body from infections. In a method similar to the previous experiment, the participants were shown a short humorous video clip and then tested for the effects. The
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37%, and taunt 50%. Their second experiment tested the behavioural recognition of laughter during an induced emotional state and they found that different laughter types did differ with respect to emotional dimensions. In addition, the four emotional states displayed a full range of high and low
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As humour is often used to ease tension, it might make sense that the same would be true for anxiety. A study by
Yovetich N, Dale A, Hudak M. was designed to test the effects humour might have on relieving anxiety. The study subject were told that they would be given to an electric shock after a
980:, have shown several positive outcomes of humour as an underlying positive trait in amusement and playfulness. Several studies have shown that positive emotions can restore autonomic quiescence after negative affect. For example, Frederickson and Levinson showed that individuals who expressed
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pointedly make fun of
Confucian seriousness and make Confucius himself a slow-witted figure of fun. Joke books containing a mix of wordplay, puns, situational humour, and play with taboo subjects like sex and scatology, remained popular over the centuries. Local performing arts, storytelling,
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to surface. Additionally, humour may be used as a tool to mitigate the authoritative tone by managers when giving directives to subordinates. Managers may use self-deprecating humour as a way to be perceived as more human and "real" by their employees. The attachment to the notion of fun by
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once said, "Humor can be dissected as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind." Counter to this argument, protests against "offensive" cartoons invite the dissection of humour or its lack by aggrieved individuals and
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Humour is often used to make light of difficult or stressful situations and to brighten up a social atmosphere in general. It is regarded by many as an enjoyable and positive experience, so it would be reasonable to assume that it might have some positive physiological effects on the body.
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factors and varies from person to person. Throughout history, comedy has been used as a form of entertainment all over the world, whether in the courts of the
Western kings or the villages of the Far East. Both a social etiquette and a certain intelligence can be displayed through forms of
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that humour is in fact a cause for healthier psychological wellbeing. Some of the previous researches' limitations is that they tend to use a unidimensional approach to humour because it was always inferred that humour was deemed positive. They did not consider other types of humour, or
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phenomenon and has increasingly been recognised as also creating a sense of involvement and possible comradery among workers. Sharing humour at work not only offers a relief from boredom, but can also build relationships, improve camaraderie between colleagues and create positive
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Some theoreticians of the comic consider exaggeration to be a universal comic device. It may take different forms in different genres, but all rely on the fact that the easiest way to make things laughable is to exaggerate to the point of absurdity their salient traits,
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theories, the vast majority of which consider humour-induced behaviour to be very healthy; spiritual theories, which may, for instance, consider humour to be a "gift from God"; and theories which consider humour to be an unexplainable mystery, very much like a
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Another way that research indicates that humour helps with the ageing process, is through helping the individual to create and maintain strong social relationship during transitory periods in their lives. One such example is when people are moved into
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Adaptive Humour use has shown to be effective for increasing resilience in dealing with distress and also effective in buffering against or undoing negative affects. In contrast, maladaptive humour use can magnify potential negative effects.
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Aggressive humour. Racist jokes, sarcasm and disparagement of individuals for the purpose of amusement. This type of humour is used by people who do not consider the consequences of their jokes, and mainly focus on the entertainment of the
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benefits to workers, improved customer experiences and an increase in productivity that organisations can enjoy, as a result. Others examined results of this movement while focusing around the science of happinessâconcerned with
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Humour can serve as a strong distancing mechanism in coping with adversity. In 1997, Kelter and
Bonanno found that Duchenne laughter correlated with reduced awareness of distress. Positive emotion is able to loosen the grip of
202:, whose physical nature makes it accessible to them. By contrast, more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context, and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience.
492:(satirical poetry). They viewed comedy as simply the "art of reprehension" and made no reference to light and cheerful events or troublesome beginnings and happy endings associated with classical Greek comedy. After the
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on people's thinking. A distancing of thought leads to a distancing of the unilateral responses people often have to negative arousal. In parallel with the distancing role plays in coping with distress, it supports the
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Shelley A. Crawford & Nerina J. Caltabiano (2011): Promoting emotional well-being through the use of humour, The
Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice, 6: 3,
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sender arousal and valence. This study showed that laughter can be correlated with both positive (joy and tickle) and negative (schadenfreude and taunt) emotions with varying degrees of arousal in the subject.
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Self-enhancing style humour. People that fall under this dimension of humour tend to take a humorous perspective of life. Individuals with self-enhancing humour tend to use it as a mechanism to cope with
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contemporary companies has resulted in workplace management coming to recognise the potentially positive effects of "workplay" and realise that it does not necessarily undermine workers' performance.
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People of all ages and cultures respond to humour. Most people are able to experience humourâbe amused, smile or laugh at something funny (such as a pun or joke)âand thus are considered to have a
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Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray., & Weir (2003). "Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire".
874:, community building and national well-beingâand drew attention to the ability to achieve "flow" through playfulness and stimulate "outside the box" thinking. Parallel to this movement is the "
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Using humour judiciously can have a positive influence on cancer treatment. The effectiveness for humourâbased interventions in patients with schizophrenia is uncertain in a
Cochrane review.
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One of the main focuses of modern psychological humour theory and research is to establish and clarify the correlation between humour and laughter. The major empirical findings here are that
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McGraw, A. Peter; Warren, Caleb; Williams, Lawrence E.; Leonard, Bridget (October 2012). "Too Close for Comfort, or Too Far to Care? Finding Humor in Distant Tragedies and Close Mishaps".
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162:. The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour to be inexplicable, strange, or even irrational. Though ultimately decided by subjective personal
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was thought to include a combination of ridiculousness and wit in an individual; the paradigmatic case being Shakespeare's Sir John Falstaff. The French were slow to adopt the term
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The social transformation model of humour predicts that specific characteristics, such as physical attractiveness, interact with humour. This model involves linkages between the
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Many theories exist about what humour is and what social function it serves. The prevailing types of theories attempting to account for the existence of humour include
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Different cultures have different typical expectations of humour so comedy shows are not always successful when transplanted into another culture. For example, a 2004
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Affiliative style humour. Individuals with this dimension of humour tend to use jokes as a means of affiliating relationships, amusing others, and reducing tensions.
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communities. This process of dissecting humour does not necessarily banish a sense of humour but directs attention towards its politics and assumed universality.
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Lundy, Tan, Cunningham (1998). "Heterosexual romantic preferences: The importance of humor and physical attractiveness for different types of relationships".
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1066:"Humour seems to engage a core network of cortical and subcortical structures, including temporo-occipito-parietal areas involved in detecting and resolving
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It is also mentioned that these people may have an implicit feeling of negativity. So they use this humour as a means of hiding that inner negative feeling.
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significantly more important as the level of commitment in a romantic relationship increases. Recent research suggests expressions of humour in relation to
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Kuiper, Grimshaw, Leite., & Kirsh (2004). "Humor is not always the best medicine: Specific components of sense of humor and psychological well-being".
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process in three areas. The areas are improving physical health, improving social communications, and helping to achieve a sense of satisfaction in life.
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during the negative arousal of a sad and troubling event recovered from the negative affect approximately 20% faster than individuals who did not smile.
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has been found to increase one's desirability and physical attractiveness to others for committed relationships. The results of a study conducted by
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Goldstein, Jeffrey H., et al. (1976) "Humour, Laughter, and Comedy: A Bibliography of Empirical and Nonempirical Analyses in the English Language."
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mechanism suggests that it is most useful in dealing with momentary stresses. Stronger negative stimuli requires a different therapeutic approach.
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itself, however, depicts the Master as fond of humorous self-deprecation, once comparing his wanderings to the existence of a homeless dog. Early
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It is generally known that humour contributes to higher subjective wellbeing (both physical and psychological). Previous research on humour and
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Keltner, D.; Bonanno, G. A. (1997). "A study of laughter and dissociation: Distinct correlates of laughter and smiling during bereavement".
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2871:"Associations between adolescents' interpersonal relationships, school well-being, and academic achievement during educational transitions"
527:, which tells of a boiler explosion on a sugar plantation that killed several of the workers, their natural wit and humour shine though."
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Humour can be verbal, visual, or physical. Non-verbal forms of communicationâfor example, music or visual artâcan also be humorous.
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Jocelyn Chey and Jessica Milner Davis, eds. "Humour in Chinese Life and Letters: Classical and Traditional Approaches" (HKUP, 2011)
886:. This happiness movement suggests that investing in fun at the workplace, by allowing for laughter and play, will not only create
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McGhee, Paul E. (1984) "Current American Psychological Research on Humor." Jahrbuche fur Internationale Germanistik 16.2: 37â57.
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Strick, Madelijn; et al. (2009). "Finding Comfort in a Joke: Consolatory Effects of Humor Through Cognitive Distraction".
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Bolton, Sharon C.; Houlihan, Maeve (2 October 2009). "Are we having fun yet? A consideration of workplace fun and engagement".
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Modern Chinese humour has been heavily influenced not only by indigenous traditions, but also by foreign humor, circulated via
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2428:"Humor styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment: Mediation, moderation and person-oriented analyses"
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Mobbs, D.; Greicius, M. D.; Abdel-Azim, E.; Menon, V.; Reiss, A. L. (2003), "Humor modulates the mesolimbic reward centres",
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Kuiper, Nicholas A.; Aiken, Audrey; Pound, Maria Sol (2014). "Humor use, reactions to social comments, and social anxiety".
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Studies have shown that constant humour in the ageing process gives health benefits to individuals. Such benefits as higher
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Xiao, Dong Yue (2010). "Exploration of Chinese humor: Historical review, empirical findings, and critical reflections".
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Furthermore, humorous people are perceived by others to be more cheerful but less intellectual than nonhumorous people.
538:& Neo-Confucian orthodoxy, with its emphasis on ritual and propriety, have traditionally looked down upon humour as
2263:"Preserving Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Psychopathology: Buffering Effects of Personal Strengths and Resources"
1898:"Discovering Humour in Modern China: The Launching of the Analects Fortnightly Journal and the 'Year of Humour' (1933)"
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aspect of human experience and is therefore decidedly relevant in organisational contexts, such as the workplace.
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Szameitat, Diana P., et al. Differentiation of Emotions in Laughter at the Behavioural Level. 2009 Emotion 9 (3).
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Vrticka, Pascal; Black, Jessica M.; Reiss, Allan L. (30 October 2013). "The neural basis of humour processing".
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Yovetich, N. A.; Dale, J. A.; Hudak, M. A. (1990). "Benefits of humor in reduction of threat-induced anxiety".
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Kenrick, Sadalla, Groth, Trost (1990). "Evolution, traits, and the stages of the parental investment model".
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theory that positive emotions lead to increased multilateral cognitive pathway and social resource building.
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Roth, G.; Yap, R.; Short, D. (2006). "Examining humour in HRD from theoretical and practical perspectives".
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Humour can be a way of dealing with the menacing or unpleasant: Sprayed comment below a memorial plaque for
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Kuiper & Martin (1998). "Laughter and stress in daily life: Relation to positive and negative affect".
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C. Harbsmeier, "Confucius-Ridens, Humor in the Analects." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 50. 1: 131â61.
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and a greater sense of well-being, but it will also enhance energy, performance and commitment in workers.
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Hewitt, L. (1958). "Student perceptions of traits desired in themselves as dating and marriage partners".
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is an ignorance in the weak, who are thus unable to retaliate when ridiculed. Later, in Greek philosophy,
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of laughter itself. They found an overall recognition rate of 44%, with joy correctly classified at 44%,
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There are many taxonomies of humour; the following is used to classify humorous tweets in (Rayz 2012).
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Buijzen, Moniek; Valkenburg, Patti M. (2004), "Developing a Typology of Humor in Audiovisual Media",
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Goodwin, R. (1990). "Sex differences among partner preferences: Are the sexes really very similar?".
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374:(1449a, pp. 34â35), suggested that an ugliness that does not disgust is fundamental to humour.
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3598:. Ed. Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press, 1976. 469â504.
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affect, it must be delimited from laughter and their relationship should be further defined.
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As with any art form, the acceptance of a particular style or incidence of humour depends on
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Fry, W. F.; Stoft, P. E. (1971). "Mirth and oxygen saturation levels of peripheral blood".
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4525:
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4279:
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4033:
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1347:
1059:
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Humour is an underlying character trait associated with the positive emotions used in the
854:
700:
563:
vernacular fiction, and poetry offer a wide variety of humorous styles and sensibilities.
558:
4418:
2278:
2188:
1696:
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about humour: "Indeed Allah loves those who are playful among people without obscenity."
235:
Others believe that "the appropriate use of humour can facilitate social interactions".
5613:
5593:
5463:
5220:
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908:
842:
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representation, and instead identified it with Arabic poetic themes and forms, such as
383:
187:
140:
3777:
3677:
2869:
Kiuru, N., Wang, M.-T., Salmela-Aro, K., Kannas, L., Ahonen, T., Hirvonen, R. (2020).
2381:
1650:
1575:
Samson, Andrea C.; Lackner, Helmut Karl; Weiss, Elisabeth M.; Papousek, Ilona (2012).
5693:
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1055:
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825:
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761:
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535:
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387:
229:
198:
175:
3461:
Verbal humor and variation in English: Sociolinguistic notes on a variety of jokes
3428:
2839:
2755:
2738:
5474:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
3467:
3368:(TV series), Episode 1 â aired 22 November 1992, UK, Tiger Television Productions
2287:
338:
said that "the more you know humour, the more you become demanding in fineness."
5416:
5369:
5225:
5177:
5137:
5087:
4879:
4647:
4632:
4603:
4535:
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1592:
1403:
1237:
1016:
622:
599:
483:
438:
244:
3542:
3175:
2886:
2824:"Social competence in the 1st grade predicts school adjustment two years later"
1629:
1576:
523:
have the best sense of humour in the world. Even in the most solemn song, like
143:, which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body, known as humours (
58:
5386:
5364:
5257:
5042:
5002:
4962:
4829:
4744:
4607:
4408:
4353:
4274:
4264:
4167:
4157:
4048:
3937:
3927:
3922:
3721:
3248:
3055:
2800:
2333:
2236:
1362:
1095:
1054:, it is reported that a study's results indicate that humour is rooted in the
918:
879:
871:
862:
810:
626:
611:
587:
567:
539:
404:
361:
217:
3762:
2951:
2894:
2847:
2808:
2690:
2453:
1721:
Webber, Edwin J. (January 1958), "Comedy as Satire in Hispano-Arabic Spain",
1462:
1454:
87:
From top-left to bottom-right or from top to bottom (mobile): various people
5297:
5267:
5062:
5007:
4927:
4859:
4652:
4284:
3947:
3491:
2595:"Humor and Laughter May Influence Health: III. Laughter and Health Outcomes"
2444:
1972:"Humour in Chinese Life and Culture: Resistance and Control in Modern Times"
1886:: A New History of Laughter in China" (University of California Press, 2015)
1577:"Perception of other people's mental states affects humor in social anxiety"
1530:
1296:
1215:
1155:
1137:
887:
603:
579:
516:
471:
365:
322:
222:
183:
132:
78:
4192:
3686:
3601:
Hurley, Matthew M., Dennett, Daniel C., and Adams, Reginald B. Jr. (2011),
3343:
3148:
3073:
3013:
2912:
2628:
2579:
2471:
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2140:
1600:
1470:
3791:
3213:
3183:
2698:
2663:
2610:
2561:
2503:
1790:
1566:
1549:
179:
5598:
5332:
5282:
5262:
5127:
4567:
4438:
4212:
3892:
3862:
3656:
3567:
GarcĂa-Barriocanal, Elena; Sicilia, Miguel-Angel; Palomar, David (2005),
3433:
1311:
1160:
1075:
936:
927:
846:
817:
653:
548:
479:
475:
398:
356:
351:
259:
136:
128:
104:
28:
3275:
Crew Solomon, Jennifer (January 1996). "American Behavioral Scientist".
2927:
1902:
Humour in Chinese Life and Letters: Classical and Traditional Approaches
841:
personal painful events, in a lighter context, thus ultimately reducing
833:. Humour in the workplace may also relieve tension and can be used as a
5411:
5359:
5317:
5302:
5272:
4834:
4592:
4376:
3802:
3521:
2943:
2546:"Humor and Laughter May Influence Health IV. Humor and Immune Function"
2097:
1651:
Caricaturing Culture in India: Cartoons and History of the Modern World
1352:
1133:
1020:
591:
331:
3004:
2928:"The thrill of bullying. Bullying, humour and the making of community"
2655:
2175:
Bressler, Balshine (2006). "The influence of humour on desirability".
2070:
1742:
805:
wearing a large pair of pants in an attempt to amuse those around them
270:
are often used when theorising about the subject. The connotations of
19:"Hilarity", "Hilarious", and "Funny" redirect here. For the ship, see
5344:
5252:
5230:
4520:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4182:
4177:
3932:
3848:
3806:
3738:
3525:
Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 411â418
2995:
1756:
1685:. Trans. HĂ©lĂšne Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press p. 12
1009:
858:
773:
first exposed to a short humorous video clip and then exposed to the
607:
583:
553:
443:
100:
3570:
A Graphical Humor Ontology for Contemporary Cultural Heritage Access
3335:
1550:"Humor and Resiliency: Towards a Process Model of Coping and Growth"
2062:
1831:"The Invention of Li Yu â Patrick Hanan â Harvard University Press"
1734:
5117:
4582:
4443:
3912:
3887:
1897:
1319:
1269:
1231:
1150:
1094:
981:
917:
796:
752:
694:
543:
512:
437:
426:
416:
347:
294:
are still two different words, the former referring to a person's
144:
96:
88:
2432:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
675:
or marriage, but only when these men were physically attractive.
625:
culture, cinema, television, and the internet. During the 1930s,
16:
Tendency of experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement
5338:
5312:
3917:
3695:
Humor in American Literature: A Selected Annotated Bibliography.
3277:
Humor and Aging Well: A Laughing Matter or a Matter of Laughing?
1274:
488:
450:
The terms comedy and satire became synonymous after Aristotle's
414:(emotional responses), which can be inspired in the audience by
4717:
3821:
3235:
Kupier, N. A.; Martin, R. A. (1993). "Humor and self-concept".
2261:
Bos, E. H.; Snippe, E.; de Jonge, P.; Jeronimus, B. F. (2016).
661:
towards the humorist when other variables are also favourable.
278:
are said to be that of response versus stimulus. Additionally,
5307:
3942:
3700:
Pogel, Nancy; and Paul P. Somers Jr. (1988) "Literary Humor."
1926:"Research - School of Modern Languages â Newcastle University"
1165:
821:
482:. Due to cultural differences, they disassociated comedy from
327:
4713:
3615:
Holland, Norman. (1982) "Bibliography of Theories of Humor."
3270:
3268:
3266:
639:
1200:
that an object or a person can become funny in three ways:
1070:(mismatch between expected and presented stimuli); and the
781:
participants showed a significant increase in SIgA levels.
420:, the imitations of emotions that the actors perform. Each
3693:
Nilsen, Don L. F. (1992) "Satire in American Literature."
3563:, University of Central Oklahoma. Retrieved on 2007-07-06.
3507:
Laughter and ridicule: Towards a social critique of humour
3115:"Humour-based interventions for people with schizophrenia"
1494:
The Humor Code: A Global Search for What Makes Things Funn
707:â the German text means "Alois, we will never forget you!"
3817:
1904:. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 191â218, 251â254.
3200:
Abel, M (2002). "Humor, stress, and coping strategies".
1322:, and therefore UK sitcoms are not appreciated by them.
882:
which seeks to empirically theorise the optimisation of
262:
from English) to mean any type of comedy. However, both
3704:. Ed. Lawrence E. Mintz. London: Greenwood, 1988. 1â34.
3702:
Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics
3641:
Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics
2822:
Legkauskas, V., MagelinskaitÄ-LegkauskienÄ, Ć . (2021).
2743:
KĆtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online
1581:
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
764:
enjoying a joke, in spite of their language differences
243:
Some claim that humour should not be explained. Author
3603:
Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind
2223:
Kuiper & Martin (1993). "Humor and self-concept".
809:
Humour is a ubiquitous, highly ingrained, and largely
566:
Famous Chinese humourists include the ancient jesters
155:, "body fluid"), controlled human health and emotion.
5524:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
2599:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
2550:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1492:
McGraw, Peter; Warner, Joel (2014). "Introduction".
519:, stated in a 1957 interview that he thought that: "
5576:
5425:
5198:
4905:
4817:
4751:
4548:
4456:
4362:
4227:
4145:
4109:
4102:
4093:
3996:
3965:
3956:
3855:
3624:The Psychology Of Humour: An Integrative Approach.
1619:, "Prudence and Racial Humor: Troubling Epithets"
3113:Tsujimoto, Y.; Nakamura, Y.; et al. (2021).
574:; writers of the Ming and Qing dynasties such as
354:(as a semi-historical dialogue character) in the
3195:
3193:
2965:
2963:
2961:
305:Non-satirical humour can be specifically termed
2593:Bennett, Mary Payne; Lengacher, Cecile (2008).
2544:Bennett, Mary Payne; Lengacher, Cecile (2009).
1669:A cultural analysis of the Russo-Soviet Anekdot
824:play in organisational life has been seen as a
360:(p. 49b) the view that the essence of the
3576:, Madrid: University of AlcalĂĄ, archived from
3033:
3031:
2739:"Healthy humour: Using humour to cope at work"
2492:Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
2225:Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
1496:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 10.
1008:Humour has been shown to improve and help the
4729:
3833:
1318:that Americans and Germans do not understand
637:
8:
5454:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
3164:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2516:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2402:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2153:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2034:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1630:"The Quotations Page: Quote from E.B. White"
127:) is the tendency of experiences to provoke
3605:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
3405:"Automatic Humor Classification on Twitter"
1970:Jessica Milner Davis; Jocelyn Chey (2013).
1695:Force, Nichole; Read, M. A. (17 May 2016).
1194:explains in his lecture in the documentary
149:
4736:
4722:
4714:
4106:
4099:
3962:
3840:
3826:
3818:
2932:Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour
1218:fit into one or more of these categories.
3757:(1) (published 12 December 2006): 14â34,
3745:Wogan, Peter (Spring 2006), "Laughing At
3676:
3519:Bricker, Victoria Reifler (Winter, 1980)
3476:"Dialogic ethics and the virtue of humor"
3138:
3063:
3003:
2977:
2975:
2902:
2754:
2618:
2569:
2461:
2443:
2296:
2286:
1565:
228:The benign-violation theory, endorsed by
182:. For example, young children may favour
3710:Human Resource Development International
1900:. In Chey, J.; Milner Davis, J. (eds.).
703:who first described the memory-damaging
3812:International Society for Humor Studies
3237:International Journal of Humor Research
3202:International Journal of Humor Research
3119:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1416:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2509:
2395:
2256:
2254:
2146:
2027:
494:Latin translations of the 12th century
298:or to the archaic concept of the four
3626:London, UK: Elsevier Academic Press.
2485:
2483:
2481:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1872:from the original on 26 October 2015.
1314:article discusses a stereotype among
1072:mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system
857:can unleash creativity, thus raising
542:or unseemly. Humour was perceived as
7:
3417:from the original on 9 October 2022.
1365:, the study of laughing and laughter
3739:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3522:The Function of Humor in Zinacantan
3468:Aspects of verbal humour in English
2737:Plester, Barbara (1 January 2009).
976:Studies, such as those testing the
582:; and modern comic writers such as
334:. Eighteenth-century German author
3040:"What Good Are Positive Emotions?"
2370:Journal of Research in Personality
2197:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.06.002
2133:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00909.x
2022:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00174.x
878:" scholarship that has emerged in
845:and allowing more happy, positive
458:, where it was elaborated upon by
454:was translated into Arabic in the
346:Western humour theory begins with
14:
3643:. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1988.
1755:Michael Garnice (11 March 2012).
1426:, "The Planet Without Laughter",
973:theory of cognitive development.
190:puppet shows or cartoons such as
5672:
4697:
4688:
4687:
3790:
3776:
3697:New York: Garland, 1992. 543â48.
3038:Fredrickson, Barbara L. (1998).
2875:Journal of Youth and Adolescence
2828:Early Child Development and Care
2644:Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
77:
68:
57:
48:
3639:Mintz, Lawrence E., ed. (1988)
3617:Laughing; A Psychology of Humor
3480:Journal of Political Philosophy
1856:"Comic Visions of Modern China"
424:was associated with a specific
3619:. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 209â223.
3131:10.1002/14651858.CD013367.pub2
1554:Europe's Journal of Psychology
1236:An exaggerating caricature of
1204:by behaving in an unusual way,
1019:, lower levels of depression,
631:phono-semantic transliteration
1:
3781:The dictionary definition of
3678:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00751-7
3429:"Do the Americans get irony?"
3364:Rowan Atkinson/David Hinton,
2840:10.1080/03004430.2019.1603149
2756:10.1080/1177083X.2009.9522446
2382:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00534-2
1649:Ritu Gairola Khanduri. 2014.
1207:by being in an unusual place,
500:thus gained a new meaning in
434:In Arabic and Persian culture
5584:Aestheticization of politics
3044:Review of General Psychology
2288:10.1371/journal.pone.0150867
2177:Evolution and Human Behavior
1548:Kuiper, Nicholas A. (2012).
1062:. The study states, in part:
556:philosophical texts such as
135:. The term derives from the
3465:Alexander, Richard (1997),
3459:Alexander, Richard (1984),
3323:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
3289:10.1177/0002764296039003004
3088:"Humor in Cancer Treatment"
2926:SĂžndergaard, D. M. (2018).
2534:. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
1593:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.08.007
1051:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1048:In an article published in
648:Social transformation model
546:and sarcasm. The Confucian
5728:
3814:(archived 11 January 2010)
3751:Visual Anthropology Review
3596:It's a Funny Thing, Humour
3560:Historical views of humour
3543:10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_2
3176:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.687
2887:10.1007/s10964-019-01184-y
2051:Marriage and Family Living
1655:Cambridge University Press
1358:Form-versus-content humour
1225:
1118:of or imitative of reality
906:
816:The significant role that
209:
18:
5652:
4683:
3722:10.1080/13678860600563424
3474:Basu, S (December 1999),
3249:10.1515/humr.1993.6.3.251
3056:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
2801:10.1108/01425450910991721
2237:10.1515/humr.1993.6.3.251
1697:"The Way of the Comedian"
1187:Behaviour, place and size
1102:is a component of humour.
638:
606:, and performers such as
3763:10.1525/var.2006.22.1.14
2691:10.2466/pr0.1990.66.1.51
1455:10.1177/0956797612443831
1429:This Book Needs No Title
1210:by being the wrong size.
713:psychological well-being
691:Psychological well-being
5604:Evolutionary aesthetics
5554:The Aesthetic Dimension
4137:Theatre of ancient Rome
3736:Smuts, Aaron. "Humor".
3622:Martin, Rod A. (2007).
3492:10.1111/1467-9760.00082
2445:10.3390/ijerph191811415
2334:10.1023/A:1021392305352
1757:"Mento Music Lord Flea"
1531:10.1515/humor-2014-0072
961:therapy attenuated the
680:Self-deprecating humour
672:physical attractiveness
665:Physical attractiveness
658:self-deprecating humour
254:lamented the misuse of
33:Humour (disambiguation)
5534:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
5484:Lectures on Aesthetics
2322:Motivation and Emotion
2121:Journal of Personality
2010:Personal Relationships
1896:Suoqiao, Qian (2011).
1884:The Age of Irreverence
1683:Rabelais and His World
1244:
1242:James McNeill Whistler
1103:
1088:
923:
806:
801:A person working in a
765:
708:
456:medieval Islamic world
447:
174:, level of education,
150:
37:Funny (disambiguation)
31:. For other uses, see
5679:Philosophy portal
4344:Theatre of the Absurd
3557:Carrell, Amy (2000),
3392:Enjoyment of Laughter
3214:10.1515/humr.15.4.365
2679:Psychological Reports
2504:10.1515/humr.2004.002
1791:10.1515/HUMR.2010.018
1666:Seth Benedict Graham
1567:10.5964/ejop.v8i3.464
1443:Psychological Science
1374:Humour in translation
1235:
1098:
1078:, key structures for
1064:
921:
800:
756:
749:Physiological effects
698:
441:
402:) as one of the nine
311:recreational drollery
168:geographical location
21:USS Hilarity (AM-241)
5624:Philosophy of design
5504:In Praise of Shadows
5494:The Critic as Artist
4319:Shakespearean comedy
4117:Ancient Greek comedy
3799:at Wikimedia Commons
3379:Techniques of Satire
464:Islamic philosophers
442:Muhammad al-Baqir's
430:portrayed on stage.
350:, who attributed to
317:Sociological factors
117:Commonwealth English
27:. For the name, see
23:. For the film, see
5634:Philosophy of music
5609:Mathematical beauty
3505:Billig, M. (2005).
3390:M. Eastman/W. Fry,
2611:10.1093/ecam/nem041
2562:10.1093/ecam/nem149
2426:Burger, C. (2022).
2279:2016PLoSO..1150867B
2189:2006EHumB..27...29B
1835:www.hup.harvard.edu
705:Alzheimer's disease
684:McMaster University
502:Medieval literature
252:Arthur Schopenhauer
223:mystical experience
5705:Defence mechanisms
5629:Philosophy of film
5619:Patterns in nature
5589:Applied aesthetics
5564:Why Beauty Matters
5350:Life imitating art
5211:Art for art's sake
4307:Comédie larmoyante
4302:Sentimental comedy
4297:Restoration comedy
4260:Commedia dell'arte
4132:Corral de comedias
3094:on 19 October 2018
2944:10.1111/jtsb.12153
2789:Employee Relations
2098:10.1007/bf00289765
1953:"Stifled Laughter"
1882:Christopher Rea, "
1681:Bakhtin, Mikhail.
1399:Theories of humour
1245:
1104:
978:undoing hypothesis
924:
807:
766:
709:
448:
212:Theories of humour
5687:
5686:
5639:Psychology of art
5514:Art as Experience
4711:
4710:
4489:Musical comedians
4452:
4451:
4250:Comedy of manners
4245:Comedy of humours
4235:Boulevard theatre
4223:
4222:
4127:Comédie-Italienne
4122:Comédie-Française
4089:
4088:
3795:Media related to
3632:978-0-12-372564-6
3611:978-0-262-01582-0
3437:. 27 January 2004
2656:10.1159/000286308
2092:(9â10): 501â513.
1932:on 2 October 2016
1503:978-1-4516-6541-3
1449:(10): 1215â1223.
1389:List of humorists
1338:Australian humour
1316:British comedians
998:broaden and build
993:negative emotions
971:broaden-and-build
963:negative emotions
775:cold pressor test
336:Georg Lichtenberg
5717:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5569:
5559:
5549:
5539:
5529:
5519:
5509:
5499:
5489:
5479:
5469:
5459:
5449:
5439:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4715:
4701:
4691:
4690:
4638:Self-referential
4255:Comedy of menace
4107:
4100:
3963:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3819:
3794:
3780:
3765:
3733:
3690:
3680:
3671:(5): 1041â1048,
3591:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3575:
3553:
3531:Media Psychology
3509:. London: Sage.
3501:
3500:
3498:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3409:
3401:
3395:
3388:
3382:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3272:
3261:
3260:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3125:(10): CD013367.
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3090:. Archived from
3084:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3007:
2996:10.1037/a0015951
2979:
2970:
2967:
2956:
2955:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2881:(5): 1057â1072.
2866:
2860:
2859:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2784:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2734:
2711:
2710:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2541:
2535:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2507:
2487:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2447:
2423:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2365:
2346:
2345:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2220:
2209:
2208:
2172:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2144:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2005:
1980:
1979:
1976:www.hkupress.org
1967:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1928:. Archived from
1922:
1916:
1915:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1701:psychcentral.com
1692:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1658:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1571:
1569:
1542:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1438:
1432:
1424:Raymond Smullyan
1421:
1290:Self-deprecation
1176:Self-deprecation
1116:Being reflective
1023:, and perceived
793:In the workplace
643:
642:
396:defined humour (
153:
137:humoral medicine
125:American English
81:
72:
61:
52:
25:Hilarious (film)
5727:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5673:
5671:
5648:
5572:
5567:
5557:
5547:
5544:Critical Essays
5537:
5527:
5517:
5507:
5497:
5487:
5477:
5467:
5457:
5447:
5437:
5421:
5194:
5108:Ortega y Gasset
4901:
4813:
4747:
4742:
4712:
4707:
4679:
4544:
4526:Animated sitcom
4448:
4414:Musical theatre
4364:
4358:
4334:Stand-up comedy
4280:One-person show
4270:Improvisational
4219:
4141:
4085:
4039:Science fiction
3992:
3952:
3873:Comedy festival
3851:
3846:
3773:
3744:
3707:
3662:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3528:
3496:
3494:
3473:
3456:
3454:Further reading
3451:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3389:
3385:
3377:Emil Draitser,
3376:
3372:
3363:
3359:
3336:10.1038/nrn3566
3330:(12): 860â868.
3319:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3274:
3273:
3264:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3037:
3036:
3029:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2968:
2959:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2786:
2785:
2764:
2736:
2735:
2714:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2525:
2508:
2489:
2488:
2479:
2425:
2424:
2411:
2394:
2367:
2366:
2349:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2273:(3): e0150867.
2260:
2259:
2252:
2222:
2221:
2212:
2174:
2173:
2162:
2145:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2026:
2007:
2006:
1983:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1723:Hispanic Review
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1680:
1676:
1665:
1661:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1617:Nicholas Kuiper
1615:
1611:
1607:
1574:
1547:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1348:Canadian humour
1328:
1308:
1254:
1230:
1224:
1189:
1147:
1112:
1110:Root components
1093:
1060:cerebral cortex
1046:
1006:
982:Duchenne smiles
954:
916:
911:
905:
896:
884:human potential
835:coping strategy
795:
751:
701:Alois Alzheimer
693:
667:
650:
533:
510:
436:
408:, or principle
380:
344:
319:
241:
214:
208:
160:sense of humour
110:
109:
108:
107:
84:
83:
82:
74:
73:
64:
63:
62:
54:
53:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5725:
5724:
5721:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5692:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5614:Neuroesthetics
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5594:Arts criticism
5591:
5586:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5560:
5550:
5540:
5530:
5520:
5510:
5500:
5490:
5480:
5470:
5464:On the Sublime
5460:
5450:
5440:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5335:
5330:
5328:Interpretation
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5228:
5223:
5221:Artistic merit
5218:
5213:
5208:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Psychoanalysis
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4718:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4695:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4518:
4513:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Comédie-ballet
4391:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4339:Street theatre
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3868:Comedic device
3865:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3809:
3800:
3788:
3772:
3771:External links
3769:
3768:
3767:
3742:
3734:
3716:(1): 121â127.
3705:
3698:
3691:
3660:
3637:
3634:
3620:
3613:
3599:
3592:
3583:on 23 May 2006
3564:
3555:
3537:(2): 147â167,
3526:
3517:
3503:
3486:(4): 378â403,
3471:
3463:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3420:
3396:
3383:
3370:
3366:Funny Business
3357:
3312:
3302:
3283:(3): 249â271.
3262:
3243:(3): 251â270.
3227:
3208:(4): 365â381.
3189:
3170:(4): 687â702.
3154:
3105:
3079:
3050:(3): 300â319.
3027:
2990:(4): 574â578.
2971:
2957:
2918:
2861:
2814:
2795:(6): 556â568.
2762:
2712:
2669:
2634:
2585:
2556:(2): 159â164.
2536:
2523:
2477:
2409:
2347:
2328:(2): 133â153.
2312:
2250:
2231:(3): 251â270.
2210:
2160:
2111:
2076:
2063:10.2307/348256
2057:(4): 344â349.
2041:
2016:(3): 311â325.
1981:
1962:
1957:www.danwei.org
1943:
1917:
1911:978-9888083527
1910:
1888:
1875:
1847:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1769:
1747:
1735:10.2307/470561
1713:
1687:
1674:
1659:
1642:
1621:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1587:(1): 625â631.
1572:
1560:(3): 475â491.
1544:
1509:
1502:
1484:
1433:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:Surreal humour
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:British humour
1340:
1335:
1333:American humor
1329:
1327:
1324:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1253:
1250:
1226:Main article:
1223:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1197:Funny Business
1192:Rowan Atkinson
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1143:
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1141:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1092:
1089:
1045:
1042:
1005:
1002:
953:
950:
922:A man laughing
915:
912:
909:Humor research
907:Main article:
904:
901:
895:
892:
794:
791:
750:
747:
742:
741:
737:
733:
725:
692:
689:
666:
663:
649:
646:
532:
529:
509:
506:
484:Greek dramatic
460:Arabic writers
435:
432:
384:Sanskrit drama
379:
376:
343:
342:Ancient Greece
340:
318:
315:
274:as opposed to
240:
237:
210:Main article:
207:
204:
188:Punch and Judy
141:ancient Greeks
86:
85:
76:
75:
67:
66:
65:
56:
55:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5723:
5722:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5680:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5645:
5644:Theory of art
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5491:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5436:
5435:
5434:Hippias Major
5431:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5293:Entertainment
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5216:Art manifesto
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5206:Appropriation
5204:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:Merleau-Ponty
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
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5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4913:Abhinavagupta
4911:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:Postmodernism
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4739:
4734:
4732:
4727:
4725:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4670:Ventriloquism
4668:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Observational
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Opéra comique
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Opéra bouffon
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:Café-chantant
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:Sketch comedy
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:Impressionist
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:Comedy troupe
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3787:at Wiktionary
3786:
3785:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3747:First Contact
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3649:0-313-24551-7
3646:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3579:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3515:1-4129-1143-5
3512:
3508:
3504:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3413:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3394:(2008) p. 156
3393:
3387:
3384:
3381:(1994) p. 135
3380:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3316:
3313:
3306:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3106:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2752:
2749:(1): 89â102.
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2438:(18): 11415.
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:(1): 97â116.
2126:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1951:David Moser.
1947:
1944:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:. Cambridge:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1384:Jewish humour
1382:
1380:
1379:Humour styles
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:German humour
1367:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Observational
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:contradiction
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1033:nursing homes
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1003:
1001:
999:
994:
988:
985:
983:
979:
974:
972:
967:
964:
958:
951:
949:
945:
942:
941:schadenfreude
938:
932:
929:
920:
913:
910:
902:
900:
893:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:mental health
864:
860:
856:
853:Laughter and
851:
848:
844:
838:
836:
832:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
804:
799:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
776:
770:
763:
759:
758:Boris Yeltsin
755:
748:
746:
738:
734:
731:
726:
723:
722:
721:
719:
718:humour styles
714:
706:
702:
697:
690:
688:
685:
681:
676:
673:
664:
662:
659:
655:
647:
645:
641:
635:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Qian Zhongshu
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:, Li Yu, and
577:
576:Feng Menglong
573:
572:Dongfang Shuo
569:
564:
561:
560:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
537:
530:
528:
526:
525:Las Kean Fine
522:
518:
514:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
445:
440:
433:
431:
429:
428:
423:
419:
418:
413:
412:
407:
406:
401:
400:
395:
394:
393:Natya Shastra
389:
385:
377:
375:
373:
372:
367:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
324:
316:
314:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:; in French,
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
238:
236:
233:
231:
226:
224:
219:
218:psychological
213:
205:
203:
201:
200:
195:
194:
193:Tom and Jerry
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
152:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
80:
71:
60:
51:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
5562:
5552:
5542:
5512:
5502:
5482:
5472:
5462:
5452:
5442:
5432:
5379:
5355:Magnificence
5337:
5322:
5187:
5153:Schopenhauer
4988:Coomaraswamy
4906:Philosophers
4894:
4825:Aestheticism
4531:Black sitcom
4511:Mockumentary
4419:Opéra bouffe
4387:Café-théùtre
4372:Ballad opera
4290:Harlequinade
4240:Comedy-drama
4019:Mockumentary
3903:Impersonator
3897:
3883:Comic timing
3783:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3737:
3713:
3709:
3701:
3694:
3668:
3664:
3640:
3623:
3616:
3602:
3595:
3585:, retrieved
3578:the original
3569:
3558:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3506:
3495:, retrieved
3483:
3479:
3466:
3460:
3439:. Retrieved
3432:
3423:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3305:
3280:
3276:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3205:
3201:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3096:. Retrieved
3092:the original
3082:
3047:
3043:
2987:
2983:
2938:(1): 48â65.
2935:
2931:
2921:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2834:(1): 83â92.
2831:
2827:
2817:
2792:
2788:
2746:
2742:
2685:(1): 51â58.
2682:
2678:
2672:
2650:(1): 76â84.
2647:
2643:
2637:
2605:(1): 37â40.
2602:
2598:
2588:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2532:ResearchGate
2531:
2526:
2512:cite journal
2495:
2491:
2435:
2431:
2398:cite journal
2373:
2369:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2270:
2266:
2228:
2224:
2183:(1): 29â39.
2180:
2176:
2149:cite journal
2124:
2120:
2114:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2030:cite journal
2013:
2009:
1975:
1965:
1956:
1946:
1936:30 September
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1920:
1901:
1891:
1878:
1862:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1750:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1624:
1612:
1584:
1580:
1557:
1553:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1493:
1487:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1427:
1419:
1309:
1255:
1246:
1228:Exaggeration
1222:Exaggeration
1213:
1195:
1190:
1126:misdirection
1105:
1086:processing."
1065:
1056:frontal lobe
1049:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1014:
1007:
989:
986:
975:
968:
959:
955:
946:
933:
925:
897:
852:
839:
826:sociological
815:
808:
803:retail store
787:
783:
779:
771:
767:
762:Bill Clinton
743:
710:
677:
668:
651:
633:
620:
565:
557:
547:
536:Confucianist
534:
524:
521:West Indians
511:
497:
487:
470:, his pupil
451:
449:
425:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
391:
388:Bharata Muni
381:
369:
355:
345:
323:sociological
320:
310:
307:droll humour
306:
304:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
250:
242:
234:
230:Peter McGraw
227:
215:
199:Looney Tunes
197:
191:
176:intelligence
159:
157:
148:
131:and provide
120:
112:
111:
41:
5448:(c. 335 BC)
5438:(c. 390 BC)
5417:Work of art
5370:Picturesque
5226:Avant-garde
5183:Winckelmann
5058:Kierkegaard
4983:Collingwood
4953:Baudrillard
4880:Romanticism
4850:Historicism
4784:Mathematics
4599:Documentary
4595:(dry humor)
4558:Alternative
4536:Teen sitcom
4429:Opera buffa
4404:Light music
4399:Comedy club
4349:Tragicomedy
4314:Shadow play
1729:(1): 1â11,
1404:Wine humour
1238:Oscar Wilde
1068:incongruity
1017:self-esteem
600:Wang Xiaobo
496:, the term
382:In ancient
245:E. B. White
170:, culture,
93:Afghanistan
5694:Categories
5387:Recreation
5365:Perception
5258:Creativity
4958:Baumgarten
4948:Baudelaire
4830:Classicism
4745:Aesthetics
4506:Television
4409:Music hall
4354:Vaudeville
4275:Macchietta
4265:Double act
4174:Indonesia
4168:Mo lei tau
4164:Hong Kong
4158:Xiangsheng
4029:Remarriage
3938:Visual gag
3928:Punch line
3923:Prank call
3766:(Abstract)
3554:(Abstract)
3502:(Abstract)
3098:22 January
3005:2066/77089
1706:25 October
1672:2003 p. 13
1525:(3): 424.
1411:References
1363:Gelotology
1216:sight gags
1044:Physiology
880:psychology
872:motivation
863:well-being
811:meaningful
736:listeners.
627:Lin Yutang
612:Guo Degang
588:Lin Yutang
568:Chunyu Kun
540:subversive
474:, Persian
468:Abu Bischr
405:nava rasas
362:ridiculous
258:(a German
5392:Reverence
5298:Eroticism
5268:Depiction
5241:Masculine
5143:Santayana
5103:Nietzsche
5048:Hutcheson
5038:Heidegger
5023:Greenberg
4978:Coleridge
4943:Balthasar
4928:Aristotle
4890:Theosophy
4885:Symbolism
4860:Modernism
4845:Formalism
4653:Slapstick
4578:Christian
4573:Character
4550:Subgenres
4365:and dance
4285:Pantomime
4071:Slapstick
4044:Screwball
3948:Word play
3730:143854518
3297:143126889
3257:145015804
2952:0021-8308
2895:0047-2891
2856:150567697
2848:0300-4430
2809:0142-5455
2454:1661-7827
2390:143841188
2376:: 48â75.
2342:141287941
2245:145015804
2106:145748159
2086:Sex Roles
1863:u.osu.edu
1840:26 August
1799:201056950
1635:26 August
1539:146821665
1463:0956-7976
1297:Word play
1293:Vulgarity
1287:Role play
1260:Anecdotes
1171:Reframing
1156:Hyperbole
1138:ambiguity
894:At school
888:enjoyment
616:Zhou Libo
604:Wang Shuo
580:Wu Jingzi
517:Lord Flea
508:Caribbean
472:Al-Farabi
368:, in the
366:Aristotle
184:slapstick
133:amusement
5667:Category
5599:Axiology
5468:(c. 500)
5458:(c. 100)
5333:Judgment
5288:Emotions
5283:Elegance
5263:Cuteness
5236:Feminine
5199:Concepts
5168:Tanizaki
5148:Schiller
5133:Richards
5123:RanciĂšre
5093:Maritain
5028:Hanslick
4968:Benjamin
4840:Feminism
4809:Theology
4789:Medieval
4779:Japanese
4774:Internet
4693:Category
4628:Physical
4439:Operetta
4213:Sarugaku
4081:Thriller
3973:American
3893:Humorist
3863:Comedian
3687:14659102
3657:16085479
3551:96438940
3434:BBC News
3412:Archived
3410:. 2012.
3352:12734138
3344:24169937
3222:35616418
3149:34644398
3074:21850154
3022:14369631
3014:19653782
2913:31893326
2707:23636980
2629:18317546
2580:18955287
2472:36141686
2307:26963923
2267:PLOS ONE
2205:44859626
2141:23750377
1867:Archived
1762:14 April
1601:21946039
1471:22941877
1326:See also
1312:BBC News
1252:Taxonomy
1161:Metaphor
1122:Surprise
1100:Surprise
1084:salience
1076:amygdala
1074:and the
928:laughter
914:Laughter
876:positive
847:emotions
818:laughter
654:humorist
559:Zhuangzi
549:Analects
480:Averroes
476:Avicenna
466:such as
357:Philebus
352:Socrates
260:loanword
206:Theories
186:such as
172:maturity
129:laughter
105:Malaysia
89:laughing
29:Hilarius
5662:Outline
5577:Related
5444:Poetics
5412:Tragedy
5402:Sublime
5375:Quality
5360:Mimesis
5318:Harmony
5303:Fashion
5278:Ecstasy
5273:Disgust
5189:more...
5158:Scruton
5083:Lyotard
5018:Goodman
4998:Deleuze
4933:Aquinas
4923:Alberti
4896:more...
4875:Realism
4855:Marxism
4835:Fascism
4818:Schools
4804:Science
4759:Ancient
4665:Surreal
4593:Deadpan
4479:Hip hop
4377:Cabaret
4103:Country
4095:Theatre
4059:Mexican
4054:Italian
4034:Romance
4009:Fantasy
3988:Italian
3978:British
3966:Country
3441:2 April
3310:237â252
3184:9325589
3140:8514248
3065:3156001
2984:Emotion
2904:7182546
2699:2326429
2664:5146348
2620:2249748
2571:2686627
2498:(1â2).
2463:9517355
2298:4786317
2275:Bibcode
2185:Bibcode
1543:citing:
1479:2480808
1353:Deadpan
1306:Culture
1263:Fantasy
1145:Methods
1134:paradox
1091:Formula
1058:of the
1021:anxiety
903:Studies
843:anxiety
592:Lao She
452:Poetics
371:Poetics
332:sarcasm
300:humours
180:context
139:of the
5710:Genres
5700:Humour
5568:(2009)
5558:(1977)
5548:(1946)
5538:(1939)
5528:(1935)
5518:(1934)
5508:(1933)
5498:(1891)
5488:(1835)
5478:(1757)
5345:Kitsch
5323:Humour
5253:Comedy
5231:Beauty
5173:Vasari
5163:Tagore
5138:Ruskin
5078:LukĂĄcs
5068:Langer
5013:Goethe
4938:BalĂĄzs
4918:Adorno
4799:Nature
4764:Africa
4703:Portal
4675:Zombie
4658:Topics
4618:Insult
4613:Horror
4588:Cringe
4521:Sitcom
4484:Parody
4208:Rakugo
4203:Owarai
4198:Manzai
4193:KyĆgen
4189:Japan
4183:Ludruk
4178:Lenong
4110:Europe
4076:Stoner
4066:Silent
4024:Parody
4014:Horror
4004:Action
3983:French
3933:Satire
3898:Humour
3856:Topics
3849:Comedy
3807:Curlie
3784:humour
3728:
3685:
3665:Neuron
3655:
3647:
3630:
3609:
3587:6 July
3549:
3513:
3497:6 July
3350:
3342:
3295:
3255:
3220:
3182:
3147:
3137:
3072:
3062:
3020:
3012:
2950:
2911:
2901:
2893:
2854:
2846:
2807:
2705:
2697:
2662:
2627:
2617:
2578:
2568:
2470:
2460:
2452:
2388:
2340:
2305:
2295:
2243:
2203:
2139:
2104:
2071:348256
2069:
1908:
1797:
1743:470561
1741:
1599:
1537:
1500:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1266:Insult
1181:Timing
1080:reward
1025:stress
1010:ageing
1004:Ageing
952:Health
937:tickle
859:morale
831:affect
730:stress
614:, and
608:Ge You
602:, and
584:Lu Xun
554:Daoist
498:comedy
478:, and
444:Hadith
427:bhavas
417:bhavas
399:hÄsyam
292:humour
288:humeur
284:humour
280:humour
272:humour
264:humour
256:humour
113:Humour
103:, and
101:Brazil
5657:Index
5426:Works
5407:Taste
5397:Style
5178:Wilde
5118:Plato
5113:Pater
5073:Lipps
5033:Hegel
5003:Dewey
4993:Danto
4973:Burke
4794:Music
4769:India
4752:Areas
4643:Shock
4583:Clown
4563:Black
4516:Roast
4501:Radio
4496:Novel
4469:Album
4464:Music
4457:Media
4444:Revue
4363:Music
4228:Genre
4153:China
3997:Genre
3913:Irony
3888:Farce
3803:Humor
3797:Humor
3726:S2CID
3581:(PDF)
3574:(PDF)
3547:S2CID
3415:(PDF)
3408:(PDF)
3348:S2CID
3293:S2CID
3279:. 3.
3253:S2CID
3218:S2CID
3018:S2CID
2852:S2CID
2703:S2CID
2386:S2CID
2338:S2CID
2241:S2CID
2201:S2CID
2102:S2CID
2067:JSTOR
1870:(PDF)
1859:(PDF)
1795:S2CID
1785:(3).
1779:Humor
1739:JSTOR
1535:S2CID
1519:Humor
1475:S2CID
1320:irony
1301:Other
1284:Quote
1275:Jokes
1270:Irony
1214:Most
1151:Farce
939:45%,
634:yĆumĂČ
623:print
544:irony
531:China
515:star
513:Mento
411:rasas
378:India
348:Plato
276:comic
268:comic
239:Views
164:taste
151:humor
145:Latin
121:humor
119:) or
97:Tibet
91:from
5381:Rasa
5339:Kama
5313:Gaze
5248:Camp
5128:Rand
5063:Klee
5053:Kant
5043:Hume
4963:Bell
4648:Sick
4633:Prop
4604:High
4568:Blue
4474:Rock
4329:Spex
4146:Asia
3958:Film
3918:Joke
3683:PMID
3653:OCLC
3645:ISBN
3628:ISBN
3607:ISBN
3589:2007
3511:ISBN
3499:2007
3443:2012
3340:PMID
3180:PMID
3145:PMID
3123:2021
3100:2017
3070:PMID
3010:PMID
2948:ISSN
2909:PMID
2891:ISSN
2844:ISSN
2805:ISSN
2695:PMID
2660:PMID
2625:PMID
2576:PMID
2518:link
2468:PMID
2450:ISSN
2404:link
2303:PMID
2155:link
2137:PMID
2036:link
1938:2016
1906:ISBN
1842:2018
1764:2013
1708:2019
1637:2018
1597:PMID
1498:ISBN
1467:PMID
1459:ISSN
1082:and
855:play
820:and
760:and
570:and
489:hija
462:and
422:rasa
330:and
296:mood
290:and
266:and
178:and
35:and
5308:Fun
5088:Man
5008:Fry
4608:low
4049:Sex
3943:Wit
3805:at
3759:doi
3749:",
3718:doi
3673:doi
3539:doi
3488:doi
3332:doi
3285:doi
3245:doi
3210:doi
3172:doi
3135:PMC
3127:doi
3060:PMC
3052:doi
3000:hdl
2992:doi
2940:doi
2899:PMC
2883:doi
2836:doi
2832:191
2797:doi
2751:doi
2687:doi
2652:doi
2615:PMC
2607:doi
2566:PMC
2558:doi
2500:doi
2458:PMC
2440:doi
2378:doi
2330:doi
2293:PMC
2283:doi
2233:doi
2193:doi
2129:doi
2094:doi
2059:doi
2018:doi
1787:doi
1731:doi
1589:doi
1562:doi
1527:doi
1451:doi
1240:by
1166:Pun
822:fun
629:'s
390:'s
328:wit
309:or
196:or
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