907:
classification divides the liver into eight functionally independent liver segments. Each segment has its own vascular inflow, outflow and biliary drainage. In the centre of each segment are branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct. In the periphery of each segment is vascular outflow through the hepatic veins. The classification system uses the vascular supply in the liver to separate the functional units (numbered I to VIII) with unit 1, the caudate lobe, receiving its supply from both the right and the left branches of the portal vein. It contains one or more hepatic veins which drain directly into the inferior vena cava. The remainder of the units (II to VIII) are numbered in a clockwise fashion:
1235:
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2159:
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802:
2131:
1811:. Globally, about 248 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B (with 843,724 in the U.S.), and 142 million are chronically infected with hepatitis C (with 2.7 million in the U.S.). Globally there are about 114 million and 20 million cases of hepatitis A and hepatitis E respectively, but these generally resolve and do not become chronic. Hepatitis D virus is a "satellite" of hepatitis B virus (it can only infect in the presence of hepatitis B), and co-infects nearly 20 million people with hepatitis B, globally.
778:
790:
2436:
1210:
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2400:
2378:, both the donor and recipient end up with normal liver function if all goes well. This procedure is more controversial, as it entails performing a much larger operation on the donor, and indeed there were at least two donor deaths out of the first several hundred cases. A 2006 publication addressed the problem of donor mortality and found at least fourteen cases. The risk of postoperative complications (and death) is far greater in right-sided operations than that in left-sided operations.
895:
47:
2424:
1073:
into intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatoblasts not adjacent to portal veins instead differentiate into hepatocytes and arrange into cords lined by sinusoidal epithelial cells and bile canaliculi. Once hepatoblasts are specified into hepatocytes and undergo further expansion, they begin acquiring the functions of a mature hepatocyte, and eventually mature hepatocytes appear as highly polarized epithelial cells with abundant
2671:
983:
2171:
705:
818:
1110:
There, it joins with the left branch of the portal vein. The ductus venosus carries blood from the left portal vein to the left hepatic vein and then to the inferior vena cava, allowing placental blood to bypass the liver. In the fetus, the liver does not perform the normal digestive processes and filtration of the infant liver because nutrients are received directly from the mother via the
1255:, small grooves between the faces of adjacent hepatocytes. The canaliculi radiate to the edge of the liver lobule, where they merge to form bile ducts. Within the liver, these ducts are termed intrahepatic bile ducts, and once they exit the liver, they are considered extrahepatic. The intrahepatic ducts eventually drain into the right and left hepatic ducts, which exit the liver at the
1738:
372:, regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions, including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex organic molecules, many of which are necessary for normal vital functions. Estimates regarding the organ's total number of functions vary, but is generally cited as being around 500. For this reason, the liver has sometimes been described as the body's
657:
542:
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605:
1990:. Additionally, it has been shown to slow the advancement of liver disease in those already affected, lower the risk of liver fibrosis, and provide a protective benefit against liver cancer for moderate coffee drinkers. A 2017 study revealed that the positive effects of caffeine on the liver were evident regardless of the coffee preparation method.
404:
2994:) â has, however, made considerable progress in the sixty-odd years since Cunnison's report; the idea that some intoxicating substance might reside in giraffe livers may no longer be as far-fetched as it seemed to Cunnison. However, to date, proof (or disproof) still waits on detailed analyses of the organ and the beverage made from it.
2322:
837:, and the opening for the portal vein. The duct, vein, and artery divide into left and right branches, and the areas of the liver supplied by these branches constitute the functional left and right lobes. The functional lobes are separated by the imaginary plane, Cantlie's line, joining the gallbladder fossa to the
2207:
in mammals. The lobes that are removed do not regrow and the growth of the liver is a restoration of function, not original form. This contrasts with true regeneration where both original function and form are restored. In some other species, such as zebrafish, the liver undergoes true regeneration
1180:
drained from the spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and its associated organs. The hepatic arteries supply arterial blood to the liver, accounting for the remaining quarter of its blood flow. Oxygen is provided from both sources; about half of the liver's oxygen demand is met by the hepatic portal vein,
664:
Several impressions on the surface of the liver accommodate the various adjacent structures and organs. Underneath the right lobe and to the right of the gallbladder fossa are two impressions, one behind the other and separated by a ridge. The one in front is a shallow colic impression, formed by the
1109:
In the growing fetus, a major source of blood to the liver is the umbilical vein, which supplies nutrients to the growing fetus. The umbilical vein enters the abdomen at the umbilicus and passes upward along the free margin of the falciform ligament of the liver to the inferior surface of the liver.
1567:
draining from the liver usually has a protein concentration of about 6 g/dl, which is only slightly less than the protein concentration of plasma. Also, the high permeability of the liver sinusoid epithelium allows large quantities of lymph to form. Therefore, about half of all the lymph formed in
647:
The visceral surface or inferior surface is uneven and concave. It is covered in peritoneum apart from where it attaches the gallbladder and the porta hepatis. The fossa of gallbladder lies to the right of the quadrate lobe, occupied by the gallbladder with its cystic duct close to the right end of
1745:
The liver is a vital organ and supports almost every other organ in the body. Because of its strategic location and multidimensional functions, the liver is prone to many diseases. The bare area of the liver is a site that is vulnerable to the passing of infection from the abdominal cavity to the
1072:
and hepatocytes. The biliary epithelial cells differentiate from hepatoblasts around portal veins, first producing a monolayer, and then a bilayer of cuboidal cells. In ductal plate, focal dilations emerge at points in the bilayer, become surrounded by portal mesenchyme, and undergo tubulogenesis
3052:
and is typically the largest internal organ. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates, though its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species, it is
1545:
Because the liver is an expandable organ, large quantities of blood can be stored in its blood vessels. Its normal blood volume, including both that in the hepatic veins and that in the hepatic sinuses, is about 450 milliliters, or almost 10 percent of the body's total blood volume. When high
1023:
is the tube of endoderm that extends out from the foregut into the surrounding mesenchyme. The mesenchyme of septum transversum induces this endoderm to proliferate, to branch, and to form the glandular epithelium of the liver. A portion of the hepatic diverticulum (that region closest to the
921:
About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 60% of these genes are expressed in a normal, adult liver. Over 400 genes are more specifically expressed in the liver, with some 150 genes highly specific for liver tissue. A large fraction of the corresponding liver-specific
906:
system, the functional lobes are further divided into a total of eight subsegments based on a transverse plane through the bifurcation of the main portal vein. The caudate lobe is a separate structure that receives blood flow from both the right- and left-sided vascular branches. The
Couinaud
5193:
Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan; Cornaby, Leslie; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J.; Dilegge, Tina; Erskine, Holly E.; Ferrari, Alize J.;
1266:
Bile either drains directly into the duodenum via the common bile duct, or is temporarily stored in the gallbladder via the cystic duct. The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the second part of the duodenum together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla, also known as the
2630:(similar to "your honor") is widely available throughout the old testament, sometimes compared to the breathing soul (Genesis 49:6, Psalms 7:6, etc.). An honorable hat was also referred to with this word (Job 19:9, etc.) and under that definition appears many times along with
2142:
2618:(presumably for the same reason). In the Book of Lamentations (2:11) it is used to describe the physiological responses to sadness by "my liver spilled to earth" along with the flow of tears and the overturning in bitterness of the intestines. On several occasions in the
2423:
2262:. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. Research is being carried out on the use of stem cells for the generation of an
1198:
2371:) and used to replace the entire liver of the recipient. This was first performed in 1989 for pediatric liver transplantation. Only 20 percent of an adult's liver (Couinaud segments 2 and 3) is needed to serve as a liver allograft for an infant or small child.
62:
5194:
Fitzmaurice, Christina; Fleming, Tom; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hay, Simon I.; Johnson, Catherine O.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kawashima, Toana; et al. (2016).
5320:
Rajani R, Melin T, Björnsson E, BroomĂ© U, Sangfelt P, Danielsson A, Gustavsson A, Grip O, Svensson H, Lööf L, Wallerstedt S, Almer SH (Feb 2009). "Budd-Chiari syndrome in Sweden: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and survival â an 18-year experience".
6186:"My eyes terminated with tears, my intestines overturned with bitterness, my liver spilled to the earth on the breaking of my nation's daughter when a suckling baby lies in the town squares" (Lamentations 2:11) this could be interpreted to be read as my
2474:) would peck out his liver, which would regenerate overnight (the liver is the only human internal organ that actually can regenerate itself to a significant extent). Many ancient peoples of the Near East and Mediterranean areas practiced a type of
1097:
At birth, the liver comprises roughly 4% of body weight and weighs on average about 120 g (4 oz). Over the course of further development, it will increase to 1.4â1.6 kg (3.1â3.5 lb) but will only take up 2.5â3.5% of body weight.
3027:
This has been confirmed by the KumarÄen. I am not competent to judge as to the chemical conditions of production of poison which is not destroyed by the heat of explosion. However, the Tungus themselves compare this method with the poisoning of
1550:
with peripheral congestion. Thus, in effect, the liver is a large, expandable, venous organ capable of acting as a valuable blood reservoir in times of excess blood volume and capable of supplying extra blood in times of diminished blood volume.
2381:
With the recent advances of noninvasive imaging, living liver donors usually have to undergo imaging examinations for liver anatomy to decide if the anatomy is feasible for donation. The evaluation is usually performed by multidetector row
592:, divides this left portion into four segments, which can be numbered starting at the caudate lobe as I in an anticlockwise manner. From this parietal view, seven segments can be seen, because the eighth segment is only visible in the
635:
are not related to the anatomic ligaments in joints, and the right and left triangular ligaments have no known functional importance, though they serve as surface landmarks. The falciform ligament functions to attach the liver to the
2390:(MRI). MDCT is good in vascular anatomy and volumetry. MRI is used for biliary tree anatomy. Donors with very unusual vascular anatomy, which makes them unsuitable for donation, could be screened out to avoid unnecessary operations.
568:
makes a superficial division of the liver into a left and right lobe. From below, the two additional lobes are located between the right and left lobes, one in front of the other. A line can be imagined running from the left of the
2208:
by restoring both shape and size of the organ. In the liver, large areas of the tissues are formed but for the formation of new cells there must be sufficient amount of material so the circulation of the blood becomes more active.
1181:
and half is met by the hepatic arteries. The hepatic artery also has both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors; therefore, flow through the artery is controlled, in part, by the splanchnic nerves of the autonomic nervous system.
1155:
The various functions of the liver are carried out by the liver cells or hepatocytes. The liver is thought to be responsible for up to 500 separate functions, usually in combination with other systems and organs. Currently, no
422:
of unequal size and shape. A human liver normally weighs approximately 1.5 kilograms (3.3 pounds) and has a width of about 15 centimetres (6 inches). There is considerable size variation between individuals, with the standard
6206:(in Hebrew, Israeli Linguist Ruvik Rosenthal's website). Rosenthal hypothesized that the term's usage to describe heaviness comes perhaps from the liver being the heaviest of all body parts in some farm animals or in humans.
1051:
After migration of hepatoblasts into the septum transversum mesenchyme, the hepatic architecture begins to be established, with liver sinusoids and bile canaliculi appearing. The liver bud separates into the lobes. The left
683:
Medial to the renal impression is a third and slightly marked impression, lying between it and the neck of the gall bladder. This is caused by the descending portion of the duodenum, and is known as the duodenal impression.
687:
The inferior surface of the left lobe of the liver presents behind and to the left of the gastric impression. This is moulded over the upper front surface of the stomach, and to the right of this is a rounded eminence, the
4966:
Timens, Wim; Kamps, Willem A.; Rozeboom-Uiterwijk, Thea; Poppema, Sibrand (September 1990). "Haemopoiesis in human fetal and embryonic liver: Immunohistochemical determination in B5-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues".
1872:. Factors contributing to the development of alcoholic liver diseases are not only the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, but can also include gender, genetics, and liver insult. Liver damage can also be
1626:- The formation of blood cells is called haemopoiesis. In embryonic stage RBC and WBC are formed by liver. In the first trimester fetus, the liver is the main site of red blood cell production. By the 32nd week of
4181:
UhlĂ©n, Mathias; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Lindskog, Cecilia; Oksvold, Per; Mardinoglu, Adil; Sivertsson, Ă
sa; Kampf, Caroline; Sjöstedt, Evelina (2015-01-23). "Tissue-based map of the human proteome".
1470:(a yellowish liquid) required for emulsifying fats and help the absorption of vitamin K from the diet. Some of the bile drains directly into the duodenum, and some is stored in the gallbladder. The liver produces
1246:
is derived from the branches of the bile ducts. The biliary tract, also known as the biliary tree, is the path by which bile is secreted by the liver then transported to the first part of the small intestine, the
724:
radiating from a central vein towards an imaginary perimeter of interlobular portal triads. The central vein joins to the hepatic vein to carry blood out from the liver. A distinctive component of a lobule is the
2130:
743:
cells and nonparenchymal cells. About 70â85% of the liver volume is occupied by parenchymal hepatocytes. Nonparenchymal cells constitute 40% of the total number of liver cells but only 6.5% of its volume. The
4772:"Synthesis of all plasma protein fractions except gamma globulins by the liver; the use of zone electrophoresis and lysine-epsilon-C14 to define the plasma proteins synthesized by the isolated perfused liver"
729:, which can be found running along each of the lobule's corners. The portal triad consists of the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the common bile duct. The triad may be seen on a liver ultrasound, as a
2435:
616:, that helps to reduce friction against other organs. This surface covers the convex shape of the two lobes where it accommodates the shape of the diaphragm. The peritoneum folds back on itself to form the
1077:
accumulation. In the adult liver, hepatocytes are not equivalent, with position along the portocentrovenular axis within a liver lobule dictating expression of metabolic genes involved in drug metabolism,
5146:
Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ (2015). "Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013".
680:, between the bare area and the caudate lobe, and immediately above the renal impression. The greater part of the suprarenal impression is devoid of peritoneum and it lodges the right suprarenal gland.
1546:
pressure in the right atrium causes backpressure in the liver, the liver expands, and 0.5 to 1 liter of extra blood is occasionally stored in the hepatic veins and sinuses. This occurs especially in
5196:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
1509:, facilitating its excretion into bile. The liver is responsible for the breakdown and excretion of many waste products. It plays a key role in breaking down or modifying toxic substances (e.g.,
1957:
the most common type of liver tumour, thought to be congenital. A genetic disorder causing multiple cysts to form in the liver tissue, usually in later life, and usually asymptomatic, is
2158:
4452:
Egerton, S.; Wan, A.; Murphy, K.; Collins, F.; Ahern, G.; Sugrue, I.; Busca, K.; Egan, F.; Muller, N.; Whooley, J.; McGinnity, P.; Culloty, S.; Ross, R. P.; Stanton, C. (6 March 2020).
2939:
Cunnison's remarkable account of an apparently psychoactive mammal found its way from a somewhat obscure scientific paper into more mainstream literature through a conversation between
2687:
Humans commonly eat the livers of mammals, fowl, and fish as food. Domestic pig, ox, lamb, calf, chicken, and goose livers are widely available from butchers and supermarkets. In the
6396:
Old, J.M.; Selwood, L.; Deane, E.M. (2003). "A Histological
Investigation of the Lymphoid and Immunohaematopoietic Tissues of the Adult Stripe-Faced Dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura)".
2374:
More recently, adult-to-adult liver transplantation has been done using the donor's right hepatic lobe, which amounts to 60 percent of the liver. Due to the ability of the liver to
841:. The plane separates the liver into the true right and left lobes. The middle hepatic vein also demarcates the true right and left lobes. The right lobe is further divided into an
2561:) is the same as the word for courage. In English the term 'lily-livered' is used to indicate cowardice from the medieval belief that the liver was the seat of courage. Spanish
6762:
6592:
Guo, Bin; Zhang, Shicui; Wang, Shaohui; Liang, Yujun (2009). "Expression, mitogenic activity and regulation by growth hormone of growth hormone / insulin-like growth factor in
2429:
MDCT image. 3D image created by MDCT can clearly visualize the liver, measure the liver volume, and plan the dissection plane to facilitate the liver transplantation procedure.
497:. This tissue extends into the structure of the liver by accompanying the blood vessels, ducts, and nerves at the hepatic hilum. The whole surface of the liver, except for the
1176:
The liver receives a dual blood supply from the hepatic portal vein and hepatic arteries. The hepatic portal vein delivers around 75% of the liver's blood supply and carries
6431:
Yuan, Shaochun; Ruan, Jie; Huang, Shengfeng; Chen, Shangwu; Xu, Anlong (February 2015). "Amphioxus as a model for investigating evolution of the vertebrate immune system".
3247:
2399:
2974:
I can only assume that there is no intoxicating substance in the drink, and that the effect it produces is simply a matter of convention, although it may be brought about
3474:
2626::9), the word is used to describe happiness in the liver, along with the heart (which beats rapidly) and the flesh (which appears red under the skin). Further usage as
4585:
Old, J.M; Selwood, L; Deane, E.M (April 2004). "A developmental investigation of the liver, bone marrow and spleen of the stripe-faced dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura)".
4233:
Kampf, Caroline; Mardinoglu, Adil; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Edlund, Karolina; Lundberg, Emma; Pontén, Fredrik; Nielsen, Jens; Uhlen, Mathias (2014-07-01).
2489:
In Plato, and in later physiology, the liver was thought to be the seat of the darkest emotions (specifically wrath, jealousy and greed) which drive men to action. The
1263:
from the gallbladder joins with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. The biliary system and connective tissue is supplied by the hepatic artery alone.
801:
3022:
Formerly the using of poisoned arrows was common. For instance, among the KumarÄen, even in recent times, a poison was used which was prepared from decaying liver.
1209:
5247:
4131:
612:
On the diaphragmatic surface, apart from a triangular bare area where it connects to the diaphragm, the liver is covered by a thin, double-layered membrane, the
1942:
3898:
219:
518:
427:
for men being 970â1,860 grams (2.14â4.10 lb) and for women 600â1,770 g (1.32â3.90 lb). It is both the heaviest internal organ and the largest
356:, a small hollow pouch that sits just under the right lobe of liver, stores and concentrates the bile produced by the liver, which is later excreted to the
6708:
1280:
6060:
1817:
is caused by an accumulation of toxins in the bloodstream that are normally removed by the liver. This condition can result in coma and can prove fatal.
4081:
Strunk, H.; Stuckmann, G.; Textor, J.; Willinek, W. (2003). "Limitations and pitfalls of
Couinaud's segmentation of the liver in transaxial Imaging".
2228:
931:
4623:
Old, J. M.; Deane, E. M. (February 2003). "The lymphoid and immunohaematopoietic tissues of the embryonic brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)".
6755:
2970:
Cunnison, on the other hand, writing in 1958 found it hard to believe in the literal truth of the Humr's assertion that the drink was intoxicating:
6237:
789:
2763:). In many preparations, pieces of liver are combined with pieces of meat or kidneys, as in the various forms of Middle Eastern mixed grill (e.g.
3597:
3136:
6040:
Now among people in a primitive state of culture the soul is almost invariably supposed to reside in the liver instead of in the heart or brain.
1234:
777:
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6669:
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6033:
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3812:
3779:
3747:
3715:
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3448:
3313:
3284:
2411:
2170:
195:
1466:, and a bulk of the body's lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. The liver plays a key role in digestion, as it produces and excretes
1044:. The hepatic endodermal cells undergo a morphological transition from columnar to pseudostratified resulting in thickening into the early
6275:
6216:
6748:
6092:
5053:
2854:
2364:
2058:, substances which help prevent bleeding. When liver damage occurs, these factors are no longer present and severe bleeding can occur.
1961:. Diseases that interfere with liver function will lead to derangement of these processes. However, the liver has a great capacity to
4035:
6885:
6315:
4870:
4721:
4694:
3882:
3857:
3346:
749:
3300:
Maton, Anthea; Jean
Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993).
5072:"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review"
2907:. Anthropologist Ian Cunnison accompanied the Humr on one of their giraffe-hunting expeditions in the late 1950s, and noted that:
5515:
5265:
3251:
1762:
286:
4297:
3627:
4454:"Replacing fishmeal with plant protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diets by supplementation with fish protein hydrolysate"
4512:
Old, J.M.; Deane, E.M. (July 2000). "Development of the immune system and immunological protection in marsupial pouch young".
3464:
2332:
is the only option for those with irreversible liver failure. Most transplants are done for chronic liver diseases leading to
553:
divided into two parts when viewed from above â a right and a left lobe â and four parts when viewed from below (left, right,
4160:
2098:
tests will be carried out. A physical examination of the liver can only reveal its size and any tenderness, and some form of
1934:
5611:
Sheporaitis, L; Freeny, PC (1998). "Hepatic and portal surface veins: A new anatomic variant revealed during abdominal CT".
5543:
1028:
of the liver, and a branch from this duct produces the gallbladder. Besides signals from the septum transversum mesenchyme,
5646:
Defrances, Marie C.; Michalopoulos, George K. (2011). "Liver
Regeneration and Partial Hepatectomy: Process and Prototype".
4946:
3681:
1946:
1796:
1559:
Because the pores in the hepatic sinusoids are very permeable and allow ready passage of both fluid and proteins into the
1048:. Their expansion forms a population of the bipotential hepatoblasts. Hepatic stellate cells are derived from mesenchyme.
214:
5243:
7035:
4127:
2940:
2239:
1649:
1471:
641:
637:
5070:
Younossi, Zobair M.; Golabi, Pegah; Paik, James M.; Henry, Austin; Van Dongen, Catherine; Henry, Linda (1 April 2023).
4947:"If a person stops consuming the vitamin, the body's stores of this vitamin usually take about 3 to 5 years to exhaust"
1906:) and over time damages the liver tissue in combination with ongoing immune related damage. This can lead to scarring (
676:
The suprarenal impression is a small, triangular, depressed area on the liver. It is located close to the right of the
2204:
1950:
1887:
692:, which fits into the concavity of the lesser curvature of the stomach and lies in front of the anterior layer of the
585:
4827:
Jelkmann, Wolfgang (2001). "The role of the liver in the production of thrombopoietin compared with erythropoietin".
2959:, who discussed it in a book on psychoactive drugs for general readers. He speculated that a hallucinogenic compound
2203:; as little as 25% of a liver can regenerate into a whole liver. This is, however, not true regeneration but rather
2023:. Itching is the most common complaint by people who have liver failure. Often this itch cannot be relieved by drugs.
2006:, a brown pigment, is absent from the stool. Stercobilin is derived from bilirubin metabolites produced in the liver.
5774:"p75 Neurotrophin receptor is a marker for precursors of stellate cells and portal fibroblasts in mouse fetal liver"
5364:
Hirschfield, GM; Gershwin, ME (Jan 24, 2013). "The immunobiology and pathophysiology of primary biliary cirrhosis".
1089:
6830:
5477:
3094:
2441:
Phase contrast CT image. Contrast is perfusing the right liver but not the left due to a left portal vein thrombus.
2387:
3828:
3826:
3824:
894:
7099:
7051:
6466:
Yu, Jr-Kai Sky; Lecroisey, Claire; Le PĂ©tillon, Yann; Escriva, Hector; Lammert, Eckhard; Laudet, Vincent (2015).
5754:
3063:
An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate
2345:
1695:
1229:
621:
325:
5279:
DĂ©ny, P. (2006). "Hepatitis Delta Virus
Genetic Variability: From Genotypes I, II, III to Eight Major Clades?".
2535:) refer to the liver in figurative speech to indicate courage and strong feelings, or "their best"; e.g., "This
2121:. This procedure may be helped by a sonographer providing ultrasound guidance to an interventional radiologist.
1818:
1652:
of the liver contains many immunologically active cells, acting as a 'sieve' for antigens carried to it via the
7071:
3086:
2813:(caul fat), and grilled over an open fire. Traditionally, some fish livers were valued as food, especially the
2790:
1958:
1029:
868:
and blood vessels. The contents of the whole plate system are surrounded by a sheath. The three plates are the
625:
485:(hepatocytes), which are the basic metabolic cells. The lobules are held together by a fine, dense, irregular,
178:
6076:
3111:
5129:
6929:
6914:
6808:
1902:) affected early in the disease. When these ducts are damaged, bile and other toxins build up in the liver (
1857:
1853:
of dead red blood cells; normally, the liver removes bilirubin from the blood and excretes it through bile.
1129:
1079:
1065:
922:
proteins are mainly expressed in hepatocytes and secreted into the blood and constitute plasma proteins and
302:
4886:
Lautt, WW; Greenway, CV (August 1976). "Hepatic venous compliance and role of liver as a blood reservoir".
6823:
6788:
6772:
5934:
3431:
Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005).
2960:
2817:
liver. It was used to prepare delicacies, such as poached skate liver on toast in
England, as well as the
2645:
2375:
2360:
2196:
1965:
and has a large reserve capacity. In most cases, the liver only produces symptoms after extensive damage.
1962:
1919:
1814:
1522:
1185:
1160:
or device is capable of reproducing all the functions of the liver. Some functions can be carried out by
1041:
498:
459:
349:
226:
202:
190:
31:
2280:
where, each day, his liver was devoured by an eagle, only to grow back each night. The myth suggests the
1807:. Chronic (rather than acute) infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus is the main cause of
588:, which further divide the left side of the liver in two sections. An important anatomical landmark, the
6875:
6818:
5925:
Power, C.; Rasko, J.E. (2008). "Whither prometheus' liver? Greek myth and the science of regeneration".
2356:
2329:
2293:
2041:
1653:
1197:
1083:
971:
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760:
388:
106:
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2117:
will be necessary, and a tissue sample is taken through a needle inserted into the skin just below the
669:
and the one behind is a deeper renal impression accommodating part of the right kidney and part of the
3601:
3144:
2061:
Pain in the upper right quadrant can result from the stretching of
Glisson's capsule in conditions of
6835:
6546:
6483:
6229:
4465:
2948:
2083:
1923:
1804:
1751:
1560:
1368:
1045:
1020:
764:
270:
5939:
2837:
2721:," referring to the livers of geese that had been fattened on figs. Animal livers are rich in iron,
6946:
6353:
6052:
4428:
4060:
3067:. Although it performs many functions of a liver, it is not considered a "true" liver but rather a
3015:
2991:
2987:
2944:
2545:, literally "the strength (power) of my liver", is a term of endearment in Urdu. In Persian slang,
2383:
2136:
Axial CT image showing anomalous hepatic veins coursing on the liver's subcapsular anterior surface
1915:
1861:
1755:
1376:
1141:
994:
846:
632:
122:
6740:
5761:. New York Henry Holt and Company London Williams and Norgate The University Press, Cambridge, MA.
3387:
387:
have not been developed to promote long-term replacement in the absence of the liver. As of 2018,
6941:
6798:
6621:
6003:
5960:
5838:
5458:
5346:
5172:
4992:
4272:
4215:
4106:
3579:
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3068:
2737:
2190:
2030:
1891:
1822:
1009:
854:
838:
617:
581:
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and all the way forward to divide the liver and gallbladder into two halves. This line is called
565:
408:
294:
262:
1128:. After 2â5 days, the umbilical vein and ductus venosus are obliterated; the former becomes the
733:
with the portal vein as the head, and the hepatic artery, and the common bile duct as the ears.
6219:
in
Akkadian, (From online dictionary at Association Assyrophile de France organization website)
5433:
Saxena, Romil; Theise, Neil (2004). "Canals of Hering: Recent
Insights and Current Knowledge".
3440:
1184:
Blood flows through the liver sinusoids and empties into the central vein of each lobule. The
379:
It is not known how to compensate for the absence of liver function in the long term, although
7066:
7061:
6979:
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6665:
6646:
6613:
6574:
6511:
6448:
6413:
6376:
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6066:
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5995:
5952:
5914:
5880:
5830:
5795:
5735:
5684:
5659:
5628:
5593:
5497:
5450:
5406:
5400:
5381:
5338:
5302:
5292:
5225:
5164:
5109:
5091:
5033:
4984:
4903:
4866:
4844:
4809:
4791:
4750:
4717:
4690:
4663:
4640:
4602:
4564:
4529:
4491:
4432:
4401:
4352:
4264:
4256:
4207:
4199:
4098:
4010:
3993:
Kawarada, Y; Das, BC; Taoka, H (2000). "Anatomy of the hepatic hilar area: the plate system".
3970:
3947:
3937:
3878:
3853:
3808:
3775:
3767:
3743:
3735:
3711:
3703:
3657:
3571:
3563:
3520:
3512:
3444:
3342:
3319:
3309:
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3224:
3175:
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2688:
2653:
2649:
2270:
2200:
1938:
1838:
1710:
1033:
967:
730:
574:
489:
connective tissue layer extending from the fibrous capsule covering the entire liver known as
365:
4323:"Beta-catenin signaling in hepatic development and progenitors: which way does the WNT blow?"
3649:
2486:, where they tried to obtain information by examining the livers of sheep and other animals.
880:
and the plate system is the site of the many anatomical variations to be found in the liver.
481:
Hepatic lobules are the functional units of the liver. Each lobule is made up of millions of
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
6974:
6969:
6924:
6919:
6857:
6845:
6727:
6605:
6564:
6554:
6501:
6491:
6468:"Identification, evolution and expression of an insulin-like peptide in the cephalochordate
6440:
6405:
6089:
5987:
5948:
5944:
5904:
5870:
5822:
5785:
5725:
5717:
5651:
5620:
5583:
5573:
5489:
5442:
5373:
5330:
5284:
5215:
5207:
5156:
5099:
5083:
5023:
4976:
4895:
4836:
4799:
4783:
4742:
4632:
4594:
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4521:
4481:
4473:
4420:
4391:
4383:
4342:
4334:
4246:
4191:
4090:
4002:
3929:
3928:. Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology. Vol. 161. pp. iiiâxiii, 1â151.
3800:
3555:
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3432:
3214:
3206:
3167:
3003:
2760:
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2699:
2506:
2263:
2255:
2243:
1899:
1668:
1268:
1157:
1133:
850:
830:
670:
475:
432:
384:
6529:
Escriva, Hector; Chao, Yeqing; Fan, Chunxin; Liang, Yujun; Gao, Bei; Zhang, Shicui (2012).
5050:
4235:"The human liver-specific proteome defined by transcriptomics and antibody-based profiling"
3363:
3073:
of the vertebrate liver. The amphioxus hepatic caecum produces the liver-specific proteins
2770:
2238:, called hepatic oval cells or ovalocytes (not to be confused with oval red blood cells of
1147:
Unlike eutherian mammals, in marsupials the liver remains haematopoietic well after birth.
46:
7046:
6303:
6096:
5547:
5133:
5057:
4031:
3414:
2956:
2814:
2692:
2459:
2099:
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1930:
1772:
1747:
1714:
1683:
1676:
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1514:
1506:
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coalesce into hepatic veins, which leave the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava.
903:
826:
677:
666:
593:
502:
494:
424:
415:
251:
5377:
4421:
1285:
The liver plays a major role in carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, and lipid metabolism.
6550:
6487:
5104:
5071:
4469:
7094:
6989:
6840:
6813:
6569:
6530:
6506:
6467:
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5858:
5826:
5730:
5705:
5588:
5561:
5261:
5220:
5195:
5028:
5011:
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4771:
4486:
4453:
4396:
4371:
4347:
4322:
3795:
Skandalakis, Lee J.; Skandalakis, John E.; Skandalakis, Panajiotis N. (2009). "Liver".
3219:
3194:
3158:
Elias, H.; Bengelsdorf, H. (1 July 1952). "The Structure of the Liver in Vertebrates".
2884:
2826:
2706:
2619:
2281:
2148:
Maximum intensity projection (MIP) CT image as viewed anteriorly showing the anomalous
1873:
1687:
1431:
1372:
1364:
1309:
1161:
1061:
1057:
1053:
916:
745:
721:
713:
693:
689:
536:
524:
471:
447:
419:
380:
373:
318:
266:
134:
5211:
5160:
4525:
4372:"ÎČ-catenin regulates mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation during hepatogenesis"
2670:
993:, the development of the organs, takes place from the third to the eighth week during
7088:
6897:
6862:
6803:
6702:
6056:
6007:
5991:
5540:
5462:
5334:
4899:
4840:
4746:
4291:
3623:
3546:
Molina, D. Kimberley; DiMaio, Vincent J. M. (2015). "Normal Organ Weights in Women".
3433:
3302:
2916:
2904:
2798:
2778:
2733:
2675:
2552:
2303:
2299:
2251:
2079:
2066:
1954:
1826:
1800:
1732:
1256:
1243:
1165:
1124:(or T lymphocytes). After birth, the formation of blood stem cells shifts to the red
1069:
1037:
1025:
990:
927:
889:
589:
558:
550:
482:
392:
162:
6625:
5964:
5855:
An argument for the ancient Greekâs knowing about liver regeneration is provided by
5842:
5350:
5176:
4996:
4110:
3583:
3532:
2551:
is used as an adjective for any object which is desirable, especially women. In the
1771:
is a common condition of inflammation of the liver. The most usual cause of this is
982:
486:
6880:
6852:
6793:
6685:
6203:
6183:ŚŚŚ ŚŚŚŚąŚŚȘ ŚąŚŚ Ś ŚŚŚšŚŚšŚ ŚŚąŚ Ś Ś©Ś€Ś ŚŚŚšŚ„ ŚŚŚŚ ŚąŚ Ś©ŚŚš ŚŚȘ ŚąŚŚ ŚŚąŚŚŁ ŚąŚŚŚ ŚŚŚŚ Ś§ ŚŚšŚŚŚŚȘ Ś§ŚšŚŚ
6021:
5127:
Hepatitis A, B, and C Center: Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Transmission, and Treatments
4276:
4152:
3078:
3074:
3007:
2952:
2878:
2802:
2665:
2114:
1968:
1914:. Cirrhosis increases the resistance to blood flow in the liver, and can result in
1808:
1664:
1638:
1623:
1521:, when the metabolite is more toxic than its precursor. Preferably, the toxins are
1463:
1435:
1427:
1298:
1177:
756:
726:
554:
458:, whereas the portal vein carries blood rich in digested nutrients from the entire
455:
443:
435:, resting just below the diaphragm, to the right of the stomach, and overlying the
274:
118:
89:
61:
5283:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 307. pp. 151â171.
4219:
3495:
Molina, D. Kimberley; DiMaio, Vincent J.M. (2012). "Normal Organ Weights in Men".
1168:. The liver also accounts for about 20% of resting total body oxygen consumption.
817:
704:
6559:
6496:
5790:
5773:
5493:
5087:
3804:
3559:
3508:
183:
6964:
6956:
6110:
3933:
3677:
3469:
2888:
2806:
2782:
2726:
2502:
2483:
2368:
2337:
2232:
2055:
2003:
1903:
1877:
1865:
1833:) that drain the liver. It presents with the classical triad of abdominal pain,
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1699:
1631:
1586:
1510:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1415:
1395:
1343:
1324:
1260:
1125:
959:
923:
768:
451:
436:
407:
The liver, viewed from above, showing the left and right lobes separated by the
353:
337:
138:
5909:
5892:
4477:
2963:
in the giraffe liver might account for the intoxicating properties claimed for
2269:
Scientific and medical works about liver regeneration often refer to the Greek
1481:
hormone that plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have
6870:
6609:
6444:
5624:
4636:
4598:
4560:
4387:
4094:
3210:
3049:
2794:
2475:
2463:
2341:
2273:
2247:
2216:
2212:
2103:
2087:
1976:
1881:
1850:
1830:
1737:
1672:
1617:
1534:
1518:
1411:
1391:
1379:
1356:
1320:
1012:
1005:
740:
717:
613:
506:
369:
345:
255:
77:
6147:
Diccionario vasco-español-francés ... Dictionnaire basque-espagnol-français .
5501:
5095:
4795:
4260:
4203:
3567:
3516:
3060:
In neonatal marsupials, it is responsible for the production of blood cells.
2344:, and autoimmune hepatitis. Less commonly, liver transplantation is done for
207:
6906:
5655:
5288:
4195:
3832:
3419:
3323:
3106:
3064:
2983:
2774:
2479:
2352:
2333:
2311:
2307:
2259:
2235:
2091:
2062:
2016:
1987:
1911:
1895:
1869:
1846:
1768:
1642:
1627:
1597:
1593:
1582:
1578:
1502:
1482:
1423:
1419:
1407:
1399:
1332:
1137:
963:
865:
753:
736:
656:
570:
545:
The liver, viewed from below, surface showing four lobes and the impressions
361:
341:
278:
248:
94:
6617:
6578:
6515:
6452:
6417:
5999:
5956:
5918:
5834:
5799:
5739:
5597:
5454:
5385:
5342:
5306:
5229:
5168:
5113:
5060:
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Retrieved 2010-01-22
5037:
4848:
4813:
4644:
4606:
4568:
4533:
4495:
4405:
4356:
4268:
4211:
4102:
4014:
3951:
3575:
3524:
3228:
3179:
3053:
divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include
1371:. The liver plays a role in the production of clotting factors, as well as
1114:. The fetal liver releases some blood stem cells that migrate to the fetal
541:
17:
5884:
5632:
5578:
5446:
4988:
4921:
4006:
1880:
and drugs used to treat cancer. A rupture of the liver can be caused by a
1856:
Other disorders caused by excessive alcohol consumption are grouped under
7005:
4907:
4787:
4251:
4234:
2870:
2842:
2623:
2367:
is a technique in which a portion of a living person's liver is removed (
2277:
2224:
2220:
2118:
2095:
2012:
1983:
1972:
1907:
1842:
1706:
1439:
1403:
1387:
1383:
1367:
are synthesised in the liver. It is also responsible for a large part of
1328:
1248:
1111:
1074:
1001:
842:
739:, the study of microscopic anatomy, shows two major types of liver cell:
467:
357:
333:
314:
298:
6660:
Young, Barbara; O'Dowd, Geraldine; Woodford, Phillip (4 November 2013).
5978:
Bramstedt K (2006). "Living liver donor mortality: where do we stand?".
4863:
Human Anatomy & Physiology + New Masteringa&p With Pearson Etext
4714:
Human Anatomy & Physiology + New Masteringa&p With Pearson Etext
4687:
Human Anatomy & Physiology + New Masteringa&p With Pearson Etext
3037:
2348:, in which liver failure occurs rapidly over a period of days or weeks.
1894:
of the liver. It is marked by slow progressive destruction of the small
1645:, helps in phagocytosis of dead blood cells and bacteria from the blood.
946:, and transporter proteins involved in the metabolism of drugs, such as
898:
Shape of human liver in animation, with eight Couinaud segments labelled
604:
6732:
6719:
4980:
4338:
3090:
3082:
3010:
from rotting animal livers, which was, in later times, also applied to
2975:
2892:
2866:
2786:
2756:
2722:
2680:
2467:
2315:
2149:
2107:
2054:
and easy bleeding are other features of liver disease. The liver makes
2026:
1834:
1660:
1526:
1498:
1494:
1478:
1302:
1101:
Hepatosomatic index (HSI) is the ratio of liver weight to body weight.
998:
943:
310:
306:
290:
82:
52:
6409:
5772:
Suzuki K, Tanaka M, Watanabe N, Saito S, Nonaka H, Miyajima A (2008).
5721:
3171:
2743:
Liver can be baked, boiled, broiled, fried, stir-fried, or eaten raw (
2284:
may have known about the liver's remarkable capacity for self-repair.
454:. The hepatic artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the aorta via the
6690:
3057:, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form.
3011:
2928:
2490:
2051:
1971:
refers to an enlarged liver and can be due to many causes. It can be
1613:
1605:
1308:
When needed, the liver releases glucose into the blood by performing
1120:
1115:
1093:
Adult ultrasound showing the right lobe of the liver and right kidney
1086:
has now been identified to be playing a key role in this phenomenon.
1016:
947:
849:
segment by the right hepatic vein. The left lobe is divided into the
463:
258:
101:
2417:
MDCT image. Portal venous anatomy contraindicated for liver donation
1215:
Diagram of liver, lobule, and portal tract and their inter-relations
829:, includes the opening known as the porta hepatis which carries the
431:
in the human body. It is located in the right upper quadrant of the
403:
6375:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 354â355.
4370:
Berg T, DeLanghe S, Al Alam D, Utley S, Estrada J, Wang KS (2010).
6535:: Implications for the presence of a primitive coagulation system"
5126:
3054:
3041:
3036:
2920:
2874:
2862:
2846:
2836:
2669:
2536:
2514:
2498:
2471:
2321:
2320:
1736:
1691:
1564:
1451:
1375:
production. Some of the proteins synthesized by the liver include
1233:
1088:
997:. The origins of the liver lie in both the ventral portion of the
981:
955:
951:
935:
893:
816:
767:, between a sinusoid and a hepatocyte. Additionally, intrahepatic
703:
655:
603:
540:
428:
402:
282:
232:
150:
129:
6149:(in Spanish and French). Bilbao, DirecciĂłn del autor. p. 345
5550:
Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America. Retrieved 2010-01-22
3924:
KmieÄ Z (2001). "Introduction â Morphology of the Liver Lobule".
1799:. Inflammation can also be caused by other viruses in the family
1758:
are produced by the liver in response to injury or inflammation.
1064:
becomes the portal vein. The expanding liver bud is colonized by
2718:
2510:
2455:
2020:
1765:, which affects an estimated one-third of the world population.
1609:
1601:
1530:
1467:
939:
470:. These blood vessels subdivide into small capillaries known as
329:
113:
6744:
3248:"Anatomy and physiology of the liver â Canadian Cancer Society"
2466:
for revealing fire to humans by chaining him to a rock where a
2405:
MDCT image. Arterial anatomy contraindicated for liver donation
6645:(32nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders. 2012.
6334:
Cunnison, Ian (1958). "Giraffe hunting among the Humr tribe".
6099:. Shawuniversitymosque.org (2006-07-08). Retrieved 2013-03-19.
4128:"The Radiology Assistant : Anatomy of the liver segments"
2567:
also means "courage". However the secondary meaning of Basque
2195:
The liver is the only human internal organ capable of natural
1648:
The liver is responsible for immunological effects â the
716:. The lobules are roughly hexagonal, and consist of plates of
2931:
or beer. But he uses this word to describe the effects which
2636:
2595:
2589:
2583:
1926:
and the systemic circulation, can be a subsequent condition.
1849:
in the system. The bilirubin results from the breakup of the
1754:âblood tests that can identify various markers. For example,
1297:
The liver synthesizes and stores around 100g of glycogen via
1293:
The liver performs several roles in carbohydrate metabolism.
1082:, ammonia detoxification, and bile production and secretion.
6701:
4032:"Couinaud classification | Radiology Reference Article"
1998:
The classic symptoms of liver damage include the following:
4427:. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.
6695:
5813:
Tietz PS, Larusso NF (May 2006). "Cholangiocyte biology".
4547:
Old, Julie M. (May 2016). "Haematopoiesis in Marsupials".
4057:"Three-dimensional Anatomy of the Couinaud Liver Segments"
3439:(7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. p.
1537:
or the urea cycle, and the urea is excreted in the urine.
1068:. The bipotential hepatoblasts begin differentiating into
712:
Microscopically, each liver lobe is seen to be made up of
509:, and this firmly adheres to the inner Glisson's capsule.
5706:"New school in liver development: Lessons from zebrafish"
4969:
Virchows Archiv a Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology
4580:
4578:
2986:
in general â including entheogens of animal origin (e.g.
4122:
4120:
3969:(Third ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 404.
1929:
There are also many pediatric liver diseases, including
1525:
to avail excretion in bile or urine. The liver converts
807:
3D medical animation still shot depicting parts of liver
6712:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 801â803.
6662:
Wheater's Functional Histology: A text and colour atlas
6298:
6296:
6294:
6292:
4153:"The human proteome in liver â The Human Protein Atlas"
3548:
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
3497:
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
2090:, that can readily show the extent of liver damage. If
1568:
the body under resting conditions arises in the liver.
3652:. In Busuttil, Ronald W.; Klintmalm, Göran B. (eds.).
2915:, will return to giraffe again and again. Humr, being
2539:
has thrown to you the pieces of its liver!". The term
2227:
and undergo mitosis. This process is activated by the
2176:
A CT scan in which the liver and portal vein are shown
2164:
Lateral MIP view in the same patient as previous image
2015:(yellow skin and/or whites of the eyes) This is where
1577:
The liver stores a multitude of substances, including
1132:
and the latter becomes the ligamentum venosum. In the
860:
The hilum of the liver is described in terms of three
6181:
5679:
Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (1999).
5010:
Nguyen-Lefebvre, Anh Thu; Horuzsko, Anatolij (2015).
4829:
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
4296:(6th ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates.
3279:(12th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 945.
2652:
and Ancient Egyptian preserved in classical Ethiopic
2631:
2577:
2546:
1355:
The liver is responsible for the mainstay of protein
954:. Examples of highly liver-specific proteins include
66:
Location of human liver (in red) shown on a male body
30:
This article is about the organ. For other uses, see
3308:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.
7004:
6955:
6905:
6896:
6779:
6531:"A novel serpin with antithrombin-like activity in
6371:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
6360:. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. p. 89.
6329:
6327:
5891:Tiniakos, D.G.; Kandilis, A.; Geller, S.A. (2010).
3678:"Cantlie's line | Radiology Reference Article"
3409:
3407:
2644:These four meanings were used in preceding ancient
2530:
2152:
veins coursing on the anterior surface of the liver
1036:also contributes to hepatic competence, along with
213:
201:
189:
177:
161:
149:
144:
128:
112:
100:
88:
76:
71:
39:
5136:. Webmd.com (2005-08-19). Retrieved on 2016-05-10.
4658:Shneider, Benjamin L.; Sherman, Philip M. (2008).
4026:
4024:
3301:
3193:Abdel-Misih, Sherif R.Z.; Bloomston, Mark (2010).
2849:, who made a drink from giraffe liver. Plate from
2540:
2454:Some cultures regard the liver as the seat of the
2359:usually come from donors who have died from fatal
1637:The liver helps in the purification of blood. The
1513:) and most medicinal products in a process called
4618:
4616:
4507:
4505:
3275:Tortora, Gerard J.; Derrickson, Bryan H. (2008).
2887:), make a non-alcoholic drink from the liver and
2219:. That is, the hepatocytes go from the quiescent
2009:Dark urine occurs when bilirubin mixes with urine
1319:, which is the synthesis of glucose from certain
1259:, and merge to form the common hepatic duct. The
1251:. The bile produced in the liver is collected in
986:CT scan showing an adult liver in the axial plane
917:Bioinformatics § Gene and protein expression
517:Terminology related to the liver often starts in
5893:"Tityus: A forgotten myth of liver regeneration"
3926:Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease
3877:(Eighth ed.). Wolters Kluwer. p. 494.
3852:(Eighth ed.). Wolters Kluwer. p. 501.
2899:. They claim it is intoxicating (Arabic ŰłÙ۱ۧÙ
2298:Human liver transplants were first performed by
1841:. Many diseases of the liver are accompanied by
1686:, a hormone that is responsible for raising the
414:The liver is a dark reddish brown, wedge-shaped
6264:. University of Virginia Press. pp. 313â.
4716:. Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co. 2012. p. 939.
4689:. Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co. 2012. p. 881.
4316:
4314:
5681:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
5402:Clinical Hepatology Principles and Practice of
4888:American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content
3435:Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease
3006:of northeast Asia formerly prepared a type of
1986:regularly may help safeguard individuals from
1775:, and the most common of these infections are
1493:The liver is responsible for the breakdown of
1430:. The liver is a major site of production for
1331:. Adipose and liver cells produce glycerol by
938:, proteins involved in bile synthesis such as
309:, conversion and storage of nutrients such as
51:The human liver is located in the upper right
6756:
6160:
6125:
6115:(in Spanish) (23.4 ed.). ASALE-RAE. 2020
5476:Muriel, Pablo; Arauz, Jonathan (2010-07-01).
3761:
3759:
3729:
3727:
2562:
1943:progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
1024:digestive tube) continues to function as the
8:
6664:(6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
6166:
6065:. London: Stuart & Watkins. p. 77.
5541:Extraintestinal Complications: Liver Disease
4770:Miller, L. L.; Bale, W. F. (February 1954).
3995:Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
3710:(3rd ed.). Springer. pp. 900â903.
3270:
3268:
2911:It is said that a person, once he has drunk
2809:, is made of minced lamb's liver wrapped in
2601:
2568:
2246:. These cells can differentiate into either
926:. Other liver-specific proteins are certain
6308:The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Substances
4739:Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition
3988:
3986:
3242:
3240:
3238:
2801:may also be used as spreads. A traditional
2524:
1898:of the liver, with the intralobular ducts (
1634:has almost completely taken over that task.
1335:, which the liver uses for gluconeogenesis.
1281:Proteins produced and secreted by the liver
1004:(endoderm being one of the three embryonic
771:are often present in the sinusoidal lumen.
261:, which performs many essential biological
6902:
6763:
6749:
6741:
6433:Developmental & Comparative Immunology
6062:Kundalini â the evolutionary energy in man
6026:Myths and Legends of Babylonia and Assyria
5562:"Who should be performing liver biopsies?"
4587:Developmental & Comparative Immunology
4549:Developmental & Comparative Immunology
4514:Developmental & Comparative Immunology
4423:Anatomy a Regional Atlas of the Human Body
3648:Renz, John F.; Kinkhabwala, Milan (2014).
2556:
2518:
2231:receptors. There is also some evidence of
2033:of the ankles and feet occurs because the
383:techniques can be used in the short term.
6731:
6568:
6558:
6505:
6495:
6090:The Great Battle Of Badar (Yaum-E-Furqan)
5938:
5908:
5874:
5789:
5729:
5587:
5577:
5219:
5188:
5186:
5103:
5027:
4803:
4485:
4395:
4346:
4250:
3702:Kuntz, Erwin; Kuntz, Hans-Dieter (2009).
3218:
1761:The most common chronic liver disease is
1438:hormone that regulates the production of
1312:, the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
6691:VIRTUAL Liver â online learning resource
6643:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary
5863:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
4681:
4679:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3834:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary
2943:of the Institute of Social and Cultural
2576:In biblical Hebrew, the word for liver,
2325:After resection of left lobe liver tumor
1667:. It is essential in the maintenance of
1359:, synthesis as well as degradation. All
1144:, the umbilical vein can open up again.
5949:10.7326/0003-4819-149-6-200809160-00009
5704:Chu, Jaime; Sadler, Kirsten C. (2009).
4737:Rocha LeĂŁo, M.H.M. (2003). "Glycogen".
4708:
4706:
3339:Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease
3337:Zakim, David; Boyer, Thomas D. (2002).
3127:
2395:
2126:
1193:
1008:) and the constituents of the adjacent
773:
580:Other anatomical landmarks include the
297:and mostly shielded by the lower right
27:Vertebrate organ involved in metabolism
5859:"The myth of Prometheus and the liver"
5613:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
5012:"Kupffer Cell Metabolism and Function"
4662:. Connecticut: PMPH-USA. p. 751.
2242:), which are thought to reside in the
1694:, an enzyme that is released when the
795:Types of capillariesâsinusoid on right
763:are nonparenchymal cells found in the
230:
36:
6141:Azkue, ResurrecciĂłn MarĂa de (1905).
4130:. Radiologyassistant.nl. 2006-05-07.
3742:. Jaypee Brothers. pp. 592â606.
3740:Textbook of Anatomy with Colour Atlas
2869:ethnic group, native to southwestern
2497:) refers to the liver as the seat of
2019:deposits in skin, causing an intense
1750:. Liver diseases may be diagnosed by
821:Hilum of the liver, circled in yellow
7:
6182:
5566:Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology
5378:10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-164014
5016:Journal of Enzymology and Metabolism
4926:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
4776:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
3772:Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied
3277:Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
2632:
2578:
1342:which is synthesis of glycogen from
442:The liver is connected to two large
301:. Its other metabolic roles include
5815:Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
2691:, the anatomical word for "liver" (
2602:
2519:
857:segments by the left hepatic vein.
6358:Psychomental Complex of the Tungus
5827:10.1097/01.mog.0000218965.78558.bc
4865:. Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co. 2012.
4660:Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease
2903:), causing dreams and even waking
2365:Living donor liver transplantation
1315:The liver is also responsible for
968:complement factor related proteins
748:are lined with two types of cell,
25:
6886:Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
6112:Diccionario de la lengua española
5889:Counterarguments are provided by
3199:Surgical Clinics of North America
2276:who was chained to a rock in the
2211:This is predominantly due to the
1450:The liver plays several roles in
1301:, the formation of glycogen from
364:. The liver's highly specialized
6773:liver, pancreas and biliary tree
6686:Liver at the Human Protein Atlas
5992:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00421.x
5335:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01838.x
5268:from the original on 2016-03-12.
5250:from the original on 2017-08-25.
4900:10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.292
4841:10.1097/00042737-200107000-00006
2955:and intoxicants in society, and
2614:("heavy" with possessions) and
2434:
2422:
2410:
2398:
2318:in 1963 and 1967, respectively.
2169:
2157:
2141:
2129:
2040:Excessive fatigue occurs from a
1763:nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
1208:
1196:
1164:, an experimental treatment for
800:
788:
783:Microscopic anatomy of the liver
776:
391:is the only option for complete
60:
45:
6718:Rizi, Farid (14 January 2022).
6278:from the original on 2015-10-26
6240:from the original on 2018-06-12
5857:Chen, T.S.; Chen, P.S. (1994).
4300:from the original on 2017-12-18
4163:from the original on 2017-09-21
4134:from the original on 2015-06-26
4038:from the original on 2015-06-26
3736:"The Liver Pancreas and Spleen"
3684:from the original on 2015-06-27
3650:"Surgical Anatomy of the Liver"
3630:from the original on 2015-06-27
3477:from the original on 2017-03-21
2855:Stanislas d'Escayrac de Lauture
2841:19th-century drinking scene in
2769:). Well-known examples include
1795:. Some of these infections are
1663:, the most abundant protein in
708:Cells, ducts, and blood vessels
4747:10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/00563-0
3797:Surgical Anatomy and Technique
3774:. Elsevier. pp. 342â351.
3708:Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas
3141:Essentials of Human Physiology
3116:Is the liver a purifying organ
2923:and a Humrawi is never drunk (
1935:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1845:caused by increased levels of
1705:The liver produces the enzyme
1671:, and acts as a transport for
884:Couinaud classification system
1:
6127:Ănimo, valentĂa. U. m. en pl.
5683:(7th ed.). p. 101.
5212:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
5161:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61412-X
4526:10.1016/S0145-305X(00)00008-2
3392:UPMC | Life Changing Medicine
2951:and specialist on the use of
2865:are one of the tribes in the
2713:, but from the culinary term
2705:, etc.) derives not from the
2042:generalized loss of nutrients
1947:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
608:Normal human liver at autopsy
6560:10.1371/journal.pone.0032392
6497:10.1371/journal.pone.0119461
5791:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.075
5516:"Coffee and your liver FAQs"
5494:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003
5088:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000004
4419:Clemente, Carmin D. (2011).
3805:10.1007/978-0-387-09515-8_13
3656:. Elsevier. pp. 23â39.
3654:Transplantation of the Liver
3560:10.1097/PAF.0000000000000175
3509:10.1097/PAF.0b013e31823d29ad
2637:
2596:
2590:
2584:
1650:mononuclear phagocyte system
1517:. This sometimes results in
1472:insulin-like growth factor 1
750:sinusoidal endothelial cells
6258:Schwabe, Calvin W. (1979).
5927:Annals of Internal Medicine
5478:"Coffee and liver diseases"
5405:. Springer. pp. 895â.
3934:10.1007/978-3-642-56553-3_1
3875:Clinically oriented anatomy
3850:Clinically oriented anatomy
3364:"VA.gov | Veterans Affairs"
3250:. Cancer.ca. Archived from
2547:
2541:
2531:
2035:liver fails to make albumin
1888:Primary biliary cholangitis
911:Gene and protein expression
586:round ligament of the liver
317:, and the decomposition of
7116:
6831:Fibrous capsule of Glisson
6310:. Abacus. pp. 20â21.
5910:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.02.032
5399:Dancygier, Henryk (2010).
5366:Annual Review of Pathology
4478:10.1038/s41598-020-60325-7
4321:Lade AG, Monga SP (2011).
3598:"Etymology online hepatic"
3095:insulin-like growth factor
3048:The liver is found in all
2797:, are also a valued meal.
2717:, literally "stuffed with
2663:
2388:magnetic resonance imaging
2291:
2188:
1730:
1278:
1227:
914:
887:
534:
29:
6610:10.1007/s00441-009-0824-8
6470:Branchiostoma lanceolatum
6445:10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.004
5625:10.2214/ajr.171.6.9843288
5435:Seminars in Liver Disease
4637:10.1007/s00429-002-0285-2
4599:10.1016/j.dci.2003.08.004
4561:10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.009
4388:10.1016/j.jss.2009.10.033
4095:10.1007/s00330-003-1885-9
3768:"Liver and Biliary Tract"
3211:10.1016/j.suc.2010.04.017
3137:"Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30"
3014:. Russian anthropologist
2525:
2346:fulminant hepatic failure
2254:. Cholangiocytes are the
2094:is suspected, then other
1821:is a condition caused by
1230:Enterohepatic circulation
626:left triangular ligaments
326:accessory digestive organ
269:of the organism, and the
225:
59:
44:
6598:Cell and Tissue Research
5753:W.T. Councilman (1913).
5262:"WHO | Hepatitis E"
3965:Pocock, Gillian (2006).
3734:Singh, Inderbir (2008).
3304:Human Biology and Health
3087:alanine aminotransferase
2819:beignets de foie de raie
2610:and is used to describe
2505:counteracting this. The
1959:polycystic liver disease
1858:alcoholic liver diseases
1717:, into water and oxygen.
1501:. The liver breaks down
1462:, and the production of
1454:metabolism: it performs
1070:biliary epithelial cells
1030:fibroblast growth factor
660:Impressions of the liver
350:breakdown of dietary fat
6915:Intrahepatic bile ducts
6709:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6533:Branchiostoma japonicum
6028:. Cosimo. p. 281.
5656:10.1515/9783110250794.1
5289:10.1007/3-540-29802-9_8
5244:"www.hepatitisc.uw.edu"
4196:10.1126/science.1260419
3766:McMinn, R.M.H. (2003).
3388:"Function of the Liver"
2256:epithelial lining cells
2027:Swelling of the abdomen
2002:Pale stools occur when
1884:used in combat sports.
1289:Carbohydrate metabolism
1203:The liver and its veins
1130:round ligament of liver
1080:carbohydrate metabolism
368:, consisting mostly of
303:carbohydrate metabolism
285:, it is located in the
6714:with several diagrams.
6594:Branchiostoma belcheri
6167:
6161:
6126:
5759:Disease and Its Causes
4741:. pp. 2930â2937.
4625:Anatomy and Embryology
3624:"Anatomy of the Liver"
3045:
2961:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
2858:
2851:Le DĂ©sert et le Soudan
2823:foie de raie en croute
2736:is commonly used as a
2684:
2646:Afro-Asiatic languages
2569:
2563:
2557:
2555:, the word for liver (
2326:
1815:Hepatic encephalopathy
1742:
1682:The liver synthesizes
1585:(1â4 months' supply),
1239:
1094:
1042:lateral plate mesoderm
987:
958:, coagulation factors
899:
822:
761:Hepatic stellate cells
709:
661:
609:
546:
523:from áŒĄÏαÏÎż-, from the
505:coat derived from the
460:gastrointestinal tract
411:
227:Anatomical terminology
32:Liver (disambiguation)
6876:Hepatic stellate cell
6261:Unmentionable Cuisine
5897:Journal of Hepatology
5560:Ghent, Cam N (2009).
5447:10.1055/s-2004-823100
5281:Hepatitis Delta Virus
4293:Developmental Biology
4007:10.1007/s005340070007
3112:Johann Joseph Dömling
3040:
2840:
2673:
2330:Liver transplantation
2324:
2294:Liver transplantation
2288:Liver transplantation
1920:Congested anastomoses
1756:acute-phase reactants
1741:Left lobe liver tumor
1740:
1722:Clinical significance
1592:(3â5 years' supply),
1581:(1â2 years' supply),
1279:Further information:
1237:
1092:
985:
972:fibrinogen beta chain
915:Further information:
897:
835:common hepatic artery
820:
707:
659:
607:
544:
535:Further information:
493:after British doctor
474:, which then lead to
406:
389:liver transplantation
324:The liver is also an
271:synthesis of proteins
254:exclusively found in
6836:Perisinusoidal space
6398:Cells Tissues Organs
5980:Am. J. Gastroenterol
5206:(10053): 1545â1602.
5155:(10003): 1546â1555.
4788:10.1084/jem.99.2.125
4252:10.1096/fj.14-250555
4157:www.proteinatlas.org
3799:. pp. 497â531.
3604:on December 15, 2013
3368:www.hepatitis.va.gov
3160:Cells Tissues Organs
2949:University of Oxford
2600:, similar to Arabic
2462:, the gods punished
2110:may also be needed.
2084:liver function tests
1924:portal venous system
1819:BuddâChiari syndrome
1805:herpes simplex virus
1797:sexually transmitted
1752:liver function tests
1561:perisinusoidal space
1442:by the bone marrow.
1369:amino acid synthesis
1021:hepatic diverticulum
825:The central area or
765:perisinusoidal space
633:peritoneal ligaments
305:, the production of
287:right upper quadrant
6947:Common hepatic duct
6720:"Beaver tail liver"
6551:2012PLoSO...732392C
6488:2015PLoSO..1019461L
6373:The Vertebrate Body
6354:Shirokogoroff, S.M.
5579:10.1155/2009/756584
5520:British Liver Trust
5323:Liver International
4470:2020NatSR..10.4194E
4290:Gilbert SF (2000).
4034:. Radiopaedia.org.
3899:"Mickey Mouse sign"
3680:. Radiopaedia.org.
3016:S. M. Shirokogoroff
2998:Arrow/bullet poison
2988:hallucinogenic fish
2450:Society and culture
2384:computed tomography
2205:compensatory growth
1916:portal hypertension
1862:alcoholic hepatitis
1659:The liver produces
1377:coagulation factors
1142:portal hypertension
1066:hematopoietic cells
1040:emanating from the
956:apolipoprotein A II
902:In the widely used
700:Microscopic anatomy
171:root hepat- (áŒĄÏαÏ-)
123:hepatic portal vein
6942:Right hepatic duct
6799:Ligamentum venosum
6733:10.53347/rID-96561
6095:2014-06-30 at the
5648:Liver Regeneration
5546:2010-11-21 at the
5132:2016-01-31 at the
5056:2011-10-30 at the
5051:Cirrhosis Overview
4981:10.1007/BF01605149
4928:. 9 September 2020
4458:Scientific Reports
4339:10.1002/dvdy.22522
4083:European Radiology
3046:
2895:, which they call
2859:
2738:dietary supplement
2685:
2336:, such as chronic
2327:
2191:Liver regeneration
2185:Liver regeneration
1951:hepatic hemangioma
1892:autoimmune disease
1860:and these include
1743:
1700:low blood pressure
1690:when activated by
1351:Protein metabolism
1257:transverse fissure
1240:
1105:Fetal blood supply
1095:
1010:septum transversum
988:
900:
839:inferior vena cava
823:
813:Functional anatomy
710:
662:
618:falciform ligament
610:
582:ligamentum venosum
566:falciform ligament
547:
501:, is covered in a
462:and also from the
412:
409:falciform ligament
273:and various other
7082:
7081:
7067:Centroacinar cell
7062:Pancreatic islets
7000:
6999:
6980:Sphincter of Oddi
6937:Left hepatic duct
6671:978-0-7020-4747-3
6652:978-1-4557-0985-4
6410:10.1159/000068946
6382:978-0-03-910284-5
6271:978-0-8139-1162-5
6072:978-1-57062-280-9
6035:978-1-61640-464-2
5784:(1): 270â281.e3.
5722:10.1002/hep.23157
5690:978-0-8089-2302-2
5665:978-3-11-025078-7
5650:. pp. 1â16.
5412:978-3-642-04509-7
5298:978-3-540-29801-4
4756:978-0-12-227055-0
4669:978-1-55009-364-3
4438:978-1-58255-889-9
4239:The FASEB Journal
4190:(6220): 1260419.
4089:(11): 2472â2482.
3976:978-0-19-856878-0
3943:978-3-540-41887-0
3873:Moore, K (2018).
3848:Moore, K (2018).
3814:978-0-387-09515-8
3781:978-0-7295-3752-0
3749:978-81-8061-833-8
3717:978-3-540-76839-5
3704:"Liver resection"
3663:978-1-4557-5383-3
3450:978-0-7216-0187-8
3315:978-0-13-981176-0
3286:978-0-470-08471-7
3172:10.1159/000140715
3135:Nosek, Thomas M.
2766:meurav Yerushalmi
2709:anatomical term,
2689:Romance languages
2078:The diagnosis of
1939:alagille syndrome
1839:liver enlargement
1711:hydrogen peroxide
864:that contain the
731:Mickey Mouse sign
491:Glisson's capsule
385:Artificial livers
336:fluid containing
241:
240:
236:
172:
16:(Redirected from
7107:
7100:Organs (anatomy)
7036:Uncinate process
6975:Ampulla of Vater
6970:Common bile duct
6925:Canals of Hering
6920:Bile canaliculus
6903:
6858:Lobules of liver
6846:Periportal space
6765:
6758:
6751:
6742:
6737:
6735:
6713:
6705:
6675:
6656:
6630:
6629:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6572:
6562:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6509:
6499:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6393:
6387:
6386:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6331:
6322:
6321:
6300:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6226:
6220:
6213:
6207:
6201:
6195:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6164:
6156:
6154:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6122:
6120:
6106:
6100:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6075:. Archived from
6049:
6043:
6042:
6018:
6012:
6011:
5975:
5969:
5968:
5942:
5922:
5912:
5888:
5878:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5793:
5778:Gastroenterology
5769:
5763:
5762:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5733:
5716:(5): 1656â1663.
5701:
5695:
5694:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5619:(6): 1559â1564.
5608:
5602:
5601:
5591:
5581:
5557:
5551:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5223:
5190:
5181:
5180:
5143:
5137:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5107:
5082:(4): 1335â1347.
5067:
5061:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5031:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4807:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4710:
4701:
4700:
4683:
4674:
4673:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4582:
4573:
4572:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4509:
4500:
4499:
4489:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4426:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4399:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4350:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4254:
4245:(7): 2901â2914.
4230:
4224:
4223:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4059:. Archived from
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4028:
4019:
4018:
3990:
3981:
3980:
3967:Human Physiology
3962:
3956:
3955:
3921:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3845:
3839:
3830:
3819:
3818:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3600:. Archived from
3594:
3588:
3587:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3465:"Enlarged liver"
3461:
3455:
3454:
3438:
3428:
3422:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3341:(4th ed.).
3334:
3328:
3327:
3307:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3244:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3143:. Archived from
3132:
3004:Tungusic peoples
2761:Japanese cuisine
2753:Lebanese cuisine
2640:
2635:
2634:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2573:is "indolence".
2572:
2566:
2560:
2550:
2544:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2438:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2264:artificial liver
2244:canals of Hering
2215:re-entering the
2173:
2161:
2145:
2133:
2056:clotting factors
1900:Canals of Hering
1777:hepatitis A
1677:steroid hormones
1669:oncotic pressure
1643:phagocytic cells
1555:Lymph production
1483:anabolic effects
1446:Lipid metabolism
1338:Liver also does
1333:breakdown of fat
1269:ampulla of Vater
1212:
1200:
1158:artificial organ
1123:
1034:developing heart
831:common bile duct
804:
792:
780:
671:suprarenal gland
527:word for liver.
433:abdominal cavity
374:chemical factory
233:edit on Wikidata
170:
95:Digestive system
64:
49:
37:
21:
7115:
7114:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7078:
6996:
6951:
6892:
6775:
6771:Anatomy of the
6769:
6724:Radiopaedia.org
6717:
6700:
6682:
6672:
6659:
6653:
6641:
6638:
6633:
6591:
6590:
6586:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6482:(3): e0119461.
6465:
6464:
6460:
6430:
6429:
6425:
6395:
6394:
6390:
6383:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6333:
6332:
6325:
6318:
6302:
6301:
6290:
6281:
6279:
6272:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6243:
6241:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6214:
6210:
6202:
6198:
6194:being spilled).
6180:
6176:
6152:
6150:
6140:
6139:
6135:
6118:
6116:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6097:Wayback Machine
6088:
6084:
6073:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6036:
6020:
6019:
6015:
5977:
5976:
5972:
5940:10.1.1.689.8218
5924:
5890:
5869:(12): 754â755.
5856:
5854:
5850:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5666:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5548:Wayback Machine
5539:
5535:
5525:
5523:
5522:. February 2024
5514:
5513:
5509:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5299:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5134:Wayback Machine
5125:
5121:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5058:Wayback Machine
5049:
5045:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4931:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4712:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4685:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4622:
4621:
4614:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4511:
4510:
4503:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4303:
4301:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4166:
4164:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4137:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4066:
4064:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4041:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4022:
3992:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3944:
3923:
3922:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3831:
3822:
3815:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3687:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3633:
3631:
3626:. Liver.co.uk.
3622:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3412:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3372:
3370:
3362:Basics, Liver.
3361:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3316:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3257:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3236:
3195:"Liver Anatomy"
3192:
3191:
3187:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3103:
3035:
3000:
2835:
2730:
2683:liver casserole
2668:
2662:
2460:Greek mythology
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2430:
2427:
2418:
2415:
2406:
2403:
2296:
2290:
2193:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2165:
2162:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2134:
2076:
1996:
1988:liver cirrhosis
1931:biliary atresia
1876:, particularly
1874:caused by drugs
1748:thoracic cavity
1735:
1729:
1724:
1715:oxidising agent
1684:angiotensinogen
1590:
1574:
1557:
1548:cardiac failure
1543:
1541:Blood reservoir
1535:ornithine cycle
1533:as part of the
1515:drug metabolism
1507:glucuronidation
1491:
1448:
1386:(prothrombin),
1365:Gamma-globulins
1361:plasma proteins
1353:
1340:glyconeogenesis
1317:gluconeogenesis
1291:
1283:
1277:
1253:bile canaliculi
1232:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1204:
1201:
1174:
1153:
1119:
1118:, creating the
1107:
1015:. In the human
980:
919:
913:
892:
886:
878:umbilical plate
815:
808:
805:
796:
793:
784:
781:
746:liver sinusoids
714:hepatic lobules
702:
667:hepatic flexure
654:
648:porta hepatis.
640:portion of the
602:
539:
533:
515:
495:Francis Glisson
476:hepatic lobules
472:liver sinusoids
425:reference range
401:
319:red blood cells
281:and growth. In
237:
169:
67:
55:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7113:
7111:
7103:
7102:
7097:
7087:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7010:
7008:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6990:Cholecystocyte
6984:
6983:
6982:
6972:
6967:
6961:
6959:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6911:
6909:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6849:
6848:
6841:Liver sinusoid
6838:
6833:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6821:
6814:Lobes of liver
6811:
6809:Round ligament
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6783:
6777:
6776:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6715:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6681:
6680:External links
6678:
6677:
6676:
6670:
6657:
6651:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6584:
6521:
6458:
6439:(2): 297â305.
6423:
6404:(2): 115â121.
6388:
6381:
6363:
6345:
6323:
6316:
6288:
6270:
6250:
6221:
6208:
6196:
6174:
6159:(Bc, BN-s, R)
6133:
6101:
6082:
6079:on 2016-03-05.
6071:
6057:Hillman, James
6044:
6034:
6013:
5986:(4): 755â759.
5970:
5933:(6): 421â426.
5903:(2): 357â361.
5848:
5821:(3): 279â287.
5805:
5764:
5745:
5696:
5689:
5671:
5664:
5638:
5603:
5572:(6): 437â438.
5552:
5533:
5507:
5488:(5): 297â305.
5468:
5425:
5411:
5391:
5356:
5329:(2): 253â259.
5312:
5297:
5271:
5253:
5235:
5182:
5138:
5119:
5062:
5043:
5002:
4975:(5): 429â436.
4958:
4938:
4913:
4894:(2): 292â295.
4878:
4871:
4854:
4835:(7): 791â801.
4819:
4782:(2): 125â132.
4762:
4755:
4729:
4722:
4702:
4695:
4675:
4668:
4650:
4631:(3): 193â197.
4612:
4593:(4): 347â355.
4574:
4539:
4520:(5): 445â454.
4501:
4444:
4437:
4411:
4382:(2): 276â285.
4362:
4333:(3): 486â500.
4310:
4282:
4225:
4173:
4144:
4116:
4073:
4048:
4020:
4001:(6): 580â586.
3982:
3975:
3957:
3942:
3911:
3890:
3883:
3865:
3858:
3840:
3838:, p. 925.
3820:
3813:
3787:
3780:
3755:
3748:
3723:
3716:
3694:
3669:
3662:
3640:
3615:
3589:
3554:(3): 182â187.
3538:
3503:(4): 368â372.
3487:
3456:
3449:
3423:
3403:
3379:
3354:
3347:
3329:
3314:
3292:
3285:
3264:
3234:
3205:(4): 643â653.
3185:
3166:(4): 297â337.
3150:
3147:on 2016-03-24.
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3102:
3099:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3023:
2999:
2996:
2980:
2979:
2976:subconsciously
2937:
2936:
2905:hallucinations
2885:Chadian Arabic
2845:, home to the
2834:
2831:
2827:French cuisine
2799:Liver sausages
2791:Braunschweiger
2728:
2664:Main article:
2661:
2658:
2654:Ge'ez language
2622:(most notably
2620:book of Psalms
2606:), also means
2451:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2292:Main article:
2289:
2286:
2282:ancient Greeks
2252:cholangiocytes
2189:Main article:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2049:
2038:
2024:
2010:
2007:
1995:
1992:
1731:Main article:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1709:to break down
1703:
1688:blood pressure
1680:
1657:
1646:
1635:
1621:
1588:
1573:
1570:
1556:
1553:
1542:
1539:
1490:
1487:
1447:
1444:
1432:thrombopoietin
1382:(fibrinogen),
1373:red blood cell
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1336:
1313:
1310:glycogenolysis
1306:
1290:
1287:
1276:
1273:
1228:Main article:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1173:
1170:
1162:liver dialysis
1152:
1149:
1106:
1103:
1062:vitelline vein
1060:and the right
1058:ductus venosus
1054:umbilical vein
979:
976:
912:
909:
888:Main article:
885:
882:
814:
811:
810:
809:
806:
799:
797:
794:
787:
785:
782:
775:
701:
698:
694:lesser omentum
690:tuber omentale
653:
650:
601:
598:
575:Cantlie's line
559:quadrate lobes
537:Lobes of liver
532:
529:
514:
511:
448:hepatic artery
400:
397:
381:liver dialysis
328:that produces
277:necessary for
267:detoxification
239:
238:
229:
223:
222:
217:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
181:
175:
174:
165:
159:
158:
153:
147:
146:
142:
141:
135:Celiac ganglia
132:
126:
125:
116:
110:
109:
107:Hepatic artery
104:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
80:
74:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7112:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7073:
7072:Stellate cell
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7059:
7058:Microanatomy
7057:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7037:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7003:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6898:Biliary tract
6895:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6867:Microanatomy
6866:
6864:
6863:Liver segment
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6804:Porta hepatis
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6766:
6761:
6759:
6754:
6752:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6734:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6704:
6703:"Liver"
6699:
6697:
6696:Liver enzymes
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6667:
6663:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6635:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6588:
6585:
6580:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6545:(3): e32392.
6544:
6540:
6536:
6534:
6525:
6522:
6517:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6471:
6462:
6459:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6434:
6427:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6392:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6374:
6367:
6364:
6359:
6355:
6349:
6346:
6341:
6337:
6330:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6317:0-349-11127-8
6313:
6309:
6305:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6254:
6251:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6212:
6209:
6205:
6204:Kavod - Honor
6200:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6169:
6163:
6148:
6144:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6114:
6113:
6105:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6086:
6083:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6054:
6053:Krishna, Gopi
6048:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6022:Spence, Lewis
6017:
6014:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5974:
5971:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5886:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5852:
5849:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5809:
5806:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5768:
5765:
5760:
5756:
5749:
5746:
5741:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5700:
5697:
5692:
5686:
5682:
5675:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5642:
5639:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5607:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5556:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5542:
5537:
5534:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5508:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5472:
5469:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5429:
5426:
5414:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5395:
5392:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5316:
5313:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5249:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5047:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5006:
5003:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4962:
4959:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4879:
4874:
4872:9780321852120
4868:
4864:
4858:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4823:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4766:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4730:
4725:
4723:9780321852120
4719:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4698:
4696:9780321852120
4692:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4424:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4363:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4286:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4229:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4177:
4174:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4074:
4063:on 2009-02-09
4062:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3968:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3884:9781496347213
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3859:9781496347213
3855:
3851:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3695:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3641:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3488:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3415:Liver Anatomy
3410:
3408:
3404:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3348:9780721690513
3344:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3254:on 2015-06-26
3253:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3033:Other animals
3032:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2982:The study of
2977:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:hallucinogens
2950:
2946:
2942:
2935:has upon him.
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2919:, are strict
2918:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2833:Giraffe liver
2832:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2803:South African
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:chopped liver
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:cod liver oil
2731:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2676:Maksalaatikko
2672:
2667:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2554:
2553:Zulu language
2549:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:United States
2301:
2300:Thomas Starzl
2295:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2184:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:liver disease
2073:
2068:
2067:pre-eclampsia
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:and vitamins.
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1979:measurement.
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:benign tumour
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:hepatic veins
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:Herpesviridae
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1733:Liver disease
1726:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1654:portal system
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:of liver are
1640:
1639:Kupffer cells
1636:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:triglycerides
1461:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:, as well as
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1244:biliary tract
1238:Biliary tract
1236:
1231:
1223:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1186:central veins
1182:
1179:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1166:liver failure
1163:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:WNT/ÎČ-catenin
1081:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:retinoic acid
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:drainage duct
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:embryogenesis
992:
991:Organogenesis
984:
977:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:liver enzymes
925:
918:
910:
908:
905:
896:
891:
890:Liver segment
883:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:hepatic hilum
819:
812:
803:
798:
791:
786:
779:
774:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Kupffer cells
755:
751:
747:
742:
738:
734:
732:
728:
723:
719:
715:
706:
699:
697:
695:
691:
685:
681:
679:
674:
672:
668:
658:
651:
649:
645:
643:
639:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
606:
599:
597:
595:
591:
590:porta hepatis
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
549:The liver is
543:
538:
530:
528:
526:
522:
521:
513:Gross anatomy
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:hepatic cells
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:blood vessels
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
417:
410:
405:
398:
396:
394:
393:liver failure
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:to help with
359:
355:
351:
348:and aids the
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
250:
246:
234:
228:
224:
221:
218:
216:
212:
209:
206:
204:
200:
197:
194:
192:
188:
185:
182:
180:
176:
173:
166:
164:
160:
157:
154:
152:
148:
143:
140:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
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93:
91:
87:
84:
81:
79:
75:
70:
63:
58:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
6930:Interlobular
6881:Kupffer cell
6853:Portal triad
6794:Cantlie line
6780:
6723:
6707:
6661:
6642:
6604:(1): 67â77.
6601:
6597:
6593:
6587:
6542:
6538:
6532:
6524:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6461:
6436:
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6426:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6372:
6366:
6357:
6348:
6339:
6335:
6307:
6280:. Retrieved
6260:
6253:
6242:. Retrieved
6233:
6224:
6211:
6199:
6191:
6190:spilled, or
6187:
6177:
6158:
6151:. Retrieved
6146:
6136:
6124:
6117:. Retrieved
6111:
6104:
6085:
6077:the original
6061:
6047:
6039:
6025:
6016:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5930:
5926:
5900:
5896:
5866:
5862:
5851:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5758:
5748:
5713:
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5699:
5680:
5674:
5647:
5641:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5569:
5565:
5555:
5536:
5526:23 September
5524:. Retrieved
5519:
5510:
5485:
5481:
5471:
5441:(1): 43â48.
5438:
5434:
5428:
5416:. Retrieved
5401:
5394:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5326:
5322:
5315:
5280:
5274:
5256:
5238:
5203:
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5075:
5065:
5046:
5019:
5015:
5005:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4950:. Retrieved
4941:
4930:. Retrieved
4925:
4916:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4862:
4857:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4779:
4775:
4765:
4738:
4732:
4713:
4686:
4659:
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4628:
4624:
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4552:
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4513:
4461:
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4422:
4414:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4330:
4326:
4302:. Retrieved
4292:
4285:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4165:. Retrieved
4156:
4147:
4136:. Retrieved
4086:
4082:
4076:
4065:. Retrieved
4061:the original
4051:
4040:. Retrieved
3998:
3994:
3966:
3960:
3925:
3902:. Retrieved
3893:
3874:
3868:
3849:
3843:
3833:
3796:
3790:
3771:
3739:
3707:
3697:
3686:. Retrieved
3672:
3653:
3643:
3632:. Retrieved
3618:
3608:December 12,
3606:. Retrieved
3602:the original
3592:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3479:. Retrieved
3468:
3459:
3434:
3426:
3413:
3395:. Retrieved
3391:
3382:
3371:. Retrieved
3367:
3357:
3338:
3332:
3303:
3295:
3276:
3256:. Retrieved
3252:the original
3202:
3198:
3188:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3145:the original
3140:
3130:
3115:
3079:antithrombin
3075:vitellogenin
3069:
3062:
3059:
3047:
3018:wrote that:
3008:arrow poison
3001:
2981:
2969:
2964:
2945:Anthropology
2938:
2932:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2896:
2879:
2860:
2850:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2714:
2710:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2674:
2666:Liver (food)
2643:
2641:- grandeur.
2627:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2575:
2495:Berakhot 61b
2494:
2488:
2453:
2380:
2373:
2361:brain injury
2350:
2328:
2297:
2268:
2240:ovalocytosis
2210:
2197:regeneration
2194:
2115:liver biopsy
2113:Sometimes a
2112:
2086:, groups of
2077:
1997:
1981:
1969:Hepatomegaly
1967:
1928:
1922:between the
1886:
1855:
1813:
1809:liver cancer
1803:such as the
1767:
1760:
1744:
1624:Haemopoiesis
1558:
1544:
1492:
1449:
1436:glycoprotein
1428:antithrombin
1354:
1339:
1299:glycogenesis
1292:
1284:
1265:
1241:
1224:Biliary flow
1183:
1178:venous blood
1175:
1172:Blood supply
1154:
1146:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1056:becomes the
1050:
989:
920:
901:
877:
874:cystic plate
873:
869:
861:
859:
824:
735:
727:portal triad
711:
686:
682:
675:
663:
646:
630:
611:
579:
563:
548:
519:
516:
490:
487:fibroelastic
480:
456:celiac trunk
441:
413:
378:
323:
293:, below the
275:biochemicals
244:
242:
196:A05.8.01.001
168:hepar (ጧÏαÏ)
167:
156:jecur, iecur
155:
119:Hepatic vein
6965:Cystic duct
6957:Gallbladder
6636:Works cited
6304:Rudgley, R.
6234:Larousse.fr
5482:Fitoterapia
5372:: 303â330.
4464:(1): 4194.
3470:Mayo Clinic
3114:(published
3083:plasminogen
3050:vertebrates
2965:umm nyolokh
2933:umm nyolokh
2913:umm nyolokh
2897:umm nyolokh
2889:bone marrow
2807:skilpadjies
2783:leverpastej
2755:, or liver
2745:asbeh nayeh
2542:jan e jigar
2517:languages (
2503:gallbladder
2501:, with the
2484:hepatomancy
2386:(MDCT) and
2369:hepatectomy
2338:hepatitis C
2248:hepatocytes
2233:bipotential
2213:hepatocytes
2102:such as an
2096:serological
2088:blood tests
2082:is made by
2004:stercobilin
1904:cholestasis
1878:paracetamol
1866:fatty liver
1829:(including
1673:fatty acids
1665:blood serum
1632:bone marrow
1511:methylation
1485:in adults.
1476:polypeptide
1460:lipogenesis
1458:synthesis,
1456:cholesterol
1344:lactic acid
1321:amino acids
1261:cystic duct
1126:bone marrow
1006:germ layers
978:Development
924:hepatokines
870:hilar plate
769:lymphocytes
741:parenchymal
718:hepatocytes
652:Impressions
644:body wall.
452:portal vein
437:gallbladder
370:hepatocytes
354:gallbladder
338:cholesterol
247:is a major
145:Identifiers
139:vagus nerve
18:Human liver
7089:Categories
6907:Bile ducts
6871:Hepatocyte
6282:2015-06-27
6244:2019-04-16
6109:"hĂgado".
5710:Hepatology
5076:Hepatology
4952:2022-08-21
4932:2021-06-23
4376:J Surg Res
4304:2017-09-04
4167:2017-09-21
4138:2015-06-26
4067:2009-02-17
4042:2015-06-26
3688:2015-06-26
3634:2015-06-26
3481:2017-03-29
3397:2024-07-15
3373:2024-07-15
3258:2015-06-26
3123:References
2992:toad venom
2984:entheogens
2957:R. Rudgley
2921:abstainers
2877:who speak
2847:Humr tribe
2805:delicacy,
2795:liverwurst
2789:, such as
2771:liver pùté
2749:sawda naye
2588:, stemmed
2493:(tractate
2476:divination
2464:Prometheus
2376:regenerate
2357:transplant
2353:allografts
2342:alcoholism
2274:Prometheus
2260:bile ducts
2236:stem cells
2217:cell cycle
2104:ultrasound
1982:Consuming
1977:liver span
1963:regenerate
1896:bile ducts
1882:liver shot
1851:hemoglobin
1831:thrombosis
1713:, a toxic
1618:molybdenum
1523:conjugated
1519:toxication
1497:and other
1357:metabolism
1275:Metabolism
1013:mesenchyme
970:, and the
866:bile ducts
754:phagocytic
614:peritoneum
507:peritoneum
346:emulsifies
342:bile acids
256:vertebrate
7052:accessory
6789:Bare area
6008:205786066
5935:CiteSeerX
5502:0367-326X
5463:260317971
5096:1527-3350
4796:0022-1007
4555:: 40â46.
4261:0892-6638
4204:0036-8075
3568:0195-7910
3517:0195-7910
3420:eMedicine
3107:Porphyria
3065:amphioxus
2775:foie gras
2727:vitamin B
2723:vitamin A
2480:haruspicy
2334:cirrhosis
2312:Cambridge
2308:Roy Calne
2092:infection
2074:Diagnosis
2063:hepatitis
2017:bilirubin
1912:cirrhosis
1870:cirrhosis
1847:bilirubin
1769:Hepatitis
1628:gestation
1598:vitamin E
1594:vitamin K
1587:vitamin B
1583:vitamin D
1579:vitamin A
1503:bilirubin
1489:Breakdown
1440:platelets
1424:protein S
1420:protein C
1151:Functions
1138:cirrhosis
1134:disorders
1046:liver bud
1032:from the
974:protein.
847:posterior
737:Histology
722:sinusoids
638:posterior
571:vena cava
499:bare area
418:with two
399:Structure
362:digestion
344:, which
295:diaphragm
279:digestion
263:functions
249:metabolic
78:Precursor
7006:Pancreas
6824:Quadrate
6626:21261162
6618:19657677
6579:22427833
6539:PLOS ONE
6516:25774519
6476:PLOS ONE
6453:24877655
6418:12649589
6356:(1935).
6342:: 49â60.
6306:(1998).
6276:Archived
6238:Archived
6093:Archived
6059:(1970).
6024:(2010).
6000:16494593
5965:27637081
5957:18794562
5919:20472318
5843:38944986
5835:16550043
5800:18515089
5740:19693947
5598:19543575
5544:Archived
5455:15085485
5386:23347352
5351:36353033
5343:18694401
5307:16903225
5266:Archived
5248:Archived
5230:27733282
5177:41847645
5169:26231459
5130:Archived
5114:36626630
5105:10026948
5054:Archived
5038:26937490
4997:10436627
4849:11474308
4814:13130789
4645:12592570
4607:14698220
4569:26592963
4534:10785270
4496:32144276
4406:20381814
4357:21337461
4298:Archived
4269:24648543
4212:25613900
4161:Archived
4132:Archived
4111:34879763
4103:12728331
4036:Archived
4015:11180890
3952:11729749
3682:Archived
3628:Archived
3584:25319215
3576:26108038
3533:32174574
3525:22182984
3475:Archived
3324:32308337
3229:20637938
3180:14943381
3118:in 1798)
3101:See also
3044:'s liver
3002:Certain
2941:W. James
2917:Mahdists
2871:Kordofan
2843:Kordofan
2815:stingray
2787:sausages
2785:. Liver
2650:Akkadian
2648:such as
2628:the self
2612:the rich
2558:isibindi
2278:Caucasus
2225:G1 phase
2221:G0 phase
2199:of lost
2119:rib cage
2052:Bruising
2046:minerals
2031:swelling
2013:Jaundice
1994:Symptoms
1984:caffeine
1973:palpated
1908:fibrosis
1843:jaundice
1823:blockage
1707:catalase
1499:hormones
1329:glycerol
1249:duodenum
1112:placenta
1075:glycogen
1002:endoderm
930:such as
904:Couinaud
876:and the
843:anterior
642:anterior
620:and the
600:Surfaces
594:visceral
584:and the
468:pancreas
450:and the
358:duodenum
334:alkaline
315:glycogen
307:hormones
299:rib cage
265:such as
6819:Caudate
6570:3299649
6547:Bibcode
6507:4361685
6484:Bibcode
6162:cachaza
6153:29 July
6143:"gibel"
6119:29 July
5923:and by
5885:7853302
5876:1294986
5731:3093159
5633:9843288
5589:2721812
5418:29 June
5221:5055577
5029:4771376
4989:2107630
4922:"Liver"
4805:2180344
4487:7060232
4466:Bibcode
4397:2904820
4348:4444432
4327:Dev Dyn
4277:5297255
4184:Science
3904:31 July
3220:4038911
3091:insulin
3070:homolog
3028:arrows.
3012:bullets
2947:at the
2893:giraffe
2891:of the
2867:Baggara
2757:sashimi
2715:ficatum
2700:Spanish
2681:Finnish
2564:hĂgados
2507:Persian
2478:called
2470:(or an
2468:vulture
2316:England
2302:in the
2258:of the
2223:to the
2150:hepatic
2108:CT scan
2100:imaging
1835:ascites
1825:of the
1727:Disease
1698:senses
1661:albumin
1527:ammonia
1495:insulin
1479:protein
1363:except
1325:lactate
1303:glucose
1121:T cells
999:foregut
944:SLC27A5
855:lateral
555:caudate
551:grossly
311:glucose
291:abdomen
289:of the
259:animals
184:D008099
83:Foregut
72:Details
53:abdomen
7043:Ducts
7013:Gross
6986:Cells
6668:
6649:
6624:
6616:
6577:
6567:
6514:
6504:
6451:
6416:
6379:
6314:
6268:
6230:"Foie"
6217:Kabadu
6192:myself
6069:
6032:
6006:
5998:
5963:
5955:
5937:
5917:
5883:
5873:
5841:
5833:
5798:
5738:
5728:
5687:
5662:
5631:
5596:
5586:
5500:
5461:
5453:
5409:
5384:
5349:
5341:
5305:
5295:
5228:
5218:
5200:Lancet
5175:
5167:
5149:Lancet
5112:
5102:
5094:
5036:
5026:
4995:
4987:
4908:961879
4906:
4869:
4847:
4812:
4802:
4794:
4753:
4720:
4693:
4666:
4643:
4605:
4567:
4532:
4494:
4484:
4435:
4404:
4394:
4355:
4345:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4220:802377
4218:
4210:
4202:
4109:
4101:
4013:
3973:
3950:
3940:
3881:
3856:
3811:
3778:
3746:
3714:
3660:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3447:
3345:
3322:
3312:
3283:
3227:
3217:
3178:
3089:, and
3055:snakes
2929:liquor
2925:sakran
2901:sakran
2811:netvet
2781:, and
2732:; and
2703:hĂgado
2693:French
2585:Kauved
2513:, and
2491:Talmud
2351:Liver
2201:tissue
2029:, and
1910:) and
1890:is an
1868:, and
1791:, and
1696:kidney
1630:, the
1620:, etc.
1614:cobalt
1606:copper
1563:, the
1116:thymus
1019:, the
1017:embryo
952:SLC2A2
948:ABCB11
872:, the
862:plates
851:medial
752:, and
720:, and
631:These
596:view.
557:, and
520:hepat-
503:serous
464:spleen
446:: the
366:tissue
352:. The
283:humans
102:Artery
90:System
7095:Liver
6781:Liver
6622:S2CID
6215:See
6188:honor
6168:calme
6004:S2CID
5961:S2CID
5839:S2CID
5755:"Two"
5459:S2CID
5347:S2CID
5173:S2CID
5022:(1).
4993:S2CID
4273:S2CID
4216:S2CID
4107:S2CID
3580:S2CID
3529:S2CID
3042:Sheep
2927:) on
2880:Shuwa
2875:Sudan
2711:jecur
2707:Latin
2638:Pe'er
2616:honor
2608:heavy
2603:ۧÙÙۚۯ
2570:gibel
2548:jigar
2537:Mecca
2532:jigar
2515:Hindi
2499:anger
2472:eagle
2458:. In
2271:Titan
1975:in a
1773:viral
1692:renin
1572:Other
1565:lymph
1529:into
1452:lipid
1327:, or
936:RDH16
678:fossa
622:right
531:Lobes
525:Greek
429:gland
420:lobes
416:organ
332:, an
252:organ
245:liver
231:[
163:Greek
151:Latin
130:Nerve
40:Liver
7047:main
7032:Head
7027:Neck
7022:Body
7017:Tail
6666:ISBN
6647:ISBN
6614:PMID
6575:PMID
6512:PMID
6449:PMID
6414:PMID
6377:ISBN
6312:ISBN
6266:ISBN
6155:2021
6121:2021
6067:ISBN
6030:ISBN
5996:PMID
5953:PMID
5915:PMID
5881:PMID
5831:PMID
5796:PMID
5736:PMID
5685:ISBN
5660:ISBN
5629:PMID
5594:PMID
5528:2024
5498:ISSN
5451:PMID
5420:2010
5407:ISBN
5382:PMID
5339:PMID
5303:PMID
5293:ISBN
5226:PMID
5165:PMID
5110:PMID
5092:ISSN
5034:PMID
4985:PMID
4904:PMID
4867:ISBN
4845:PMID
4810:PMID
4792:ISSN
4751:ISBN
4718:ISBN
4691:ISBN
4664:ISBN
4641:PMID
4603:PMID
4565:PMID
4530:PMID
4492:PMID
4433:ISBN
4402:PMID
4353:PMID
4265:PMID
4257:ISSN
4208:PMID
4200:ISSN
4099:PMID
4011:PMID
3971:ISBN
3948:PMID
3938:ISBN
3906:2020
3879:ISBN
3854:ISBN
3836:2012
3809:ISBN
3776:ISBN
3744:ISBN
3712:ISBN
3658:ISBN
3610:2013
3572:PMID
3564:ISSN
3521:PMID
3513:ISSN
3445:ISBN
3343:ISBN
3320:OCLC
3310:ISBN
3281:ISBN
3225:PMID
3176:PMID
2990:and
2863:Humr
2861:The
2821:and
2793:and
2725:and
2719:figs
2696:foie
2679:, a
2660:Food
2526:à€à€żà€à€°
2511:Urdu
2456:soul
2355:for
2306:and
2065:and
2021:itch
1949:and
1837:and
1675:and
1610:zinc
1602:iron
1531:urea
1505:via
1474:, a
1468:bile
1434:, a
1426:and
1416:XIII
1396:VIII
1242:The
1140:and
962:and
950:and
942:and
940:BAAT
934:and
932:HAO1
853:and
845:and
833:and
624:and
564:The
466:and
340:and
330:bile
313:and
243:The
220:7197
208:3023
191:TA98
179:MeSH
137:and
121:and
114:Vein
6728:doi
6606:doi
6602:338
6596:".
6565:PMC
6555:doi
6502:PMC
6492:doi
6441:doi
6406:doi
6402:173
6336:SNR
5988:doi
5984:101
5945:doi
5931:149
5905:doi
5871:PMC
5823:doi
5786:doi
5782:135
5726:PMC
5718:doi
5652:doi
5621:doi
5617:171
5584:PMC
5574:doi
5490:doi
5443:doi
5374:doi
5331:doi
5285:doi
5216:PMC
5208:doi
5204:388
5157:doi
5153:386
5100:PMC
5084:doi
5024:PMC
4977:doi
4973:416
4896:doi
4892:231
4837:doi
4800:PMC
4784:doi
4743:doi
4633:doi
4629:206
4595:doi
4557:doi
4522:doi
4482:PMC
4474:doi
4429:243
4392:PMC
4384:doi
4380:164
4343:PMC
4335:doi
4331:240
4247:doi
4192:doi
4188:347
4091:doi
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