1300:
on education, language and the status of non-citizens, there nevertheless remains the issue of the large number of such non-citizens. As of
September 2, 2009, 102,466, or 7.5% of Estonia's population remain non-citizens, dropping from 32% in 1992 and 12% in 2003. In November 2005 a survey was conducted among residents with undetermined citizenship. The results show that 61% of those residents wanted Estonian citizenship, 13% Russian citizenship and 6% citizenship of another country. 17% of the respondents were not interested in acquiring any citizenship at all. It was found that the older the respondent, the more likely he or she doesn't want to have any citizenship. The survey also showed that respondents who were born in Estonia were more likely to wish to get Estonian citizenship (73%), than those not born in Estonia (less than 50%).
1288:, 59% of those questioned characterized ethnic discrimination as very or fairly widespread in the country. 27% claimed they had experienced discrimination based on their ethnic origin in the past 5 years, including 17% during the past 12 months (compared to 4–5% in Lithuania and Latvia.) Discrimination at workplace was characterized as widespread, with 72% of poll participants saying that a different ethnic background would be hindering to advancement. 39% said they had experienced discrimination during the past 5 years when looking for work, including 16% during the past 12 months—the highest rate in all the countries surveyed. 10% confirmed that they avoid certain places, such as shops or cafés because they believed they would receive bad treatment due to their ethnic background.
1439:(FIDH)–a coalition of 155 human rights groups– urged the Estonian authorities to investigate all acts of human rights violations during the night. The organisation called upon the Estonian authorities to "put an end to any practice of discrimination against the Russian-speaking minority, which constitutes about 30% of the Estonian population, and to conform in any circumstances with the provisions of the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination." FIDH and LHRC also condemned acts of vandalism perpetrated by demonstrators in Tallinn, as well as the blockade of the Estonian embassy in Moscow.
1971:"Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/7/19/Add.2 17 March 2008 Original: ENGLISH, HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Seventh session Agenda item 9: RACISM, RACIAL DISCRIMINATION, XENOPHOBIA AND RELATED FORMS OF INTOLERANCE, FOLLOW-UP TO AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DURBAN DECLARATION AND PROGRAMME OF ACTION - Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, Doudou Diène, Addendum, MISSION TO ESTONIA"
32:
1399:, while they represent approximately 8 per cent of the overall population". The Committee calls this representation "disproportionate", and urges Estonia to take additional steps to protect rights of non-citizens and stateless residents. In 2008, about 78% of non-citizens were ethnic Russians; less than 3% ethnic Estonians. As of 2006, approximately 60% of the ethnic Russian population were non-citizens, 40 percent were stateless.
1324:
Russian and 50.4% of
Estonian respondents also think that Russians experience ethnic discrimination looking for work. Same report says 40% of Estonians and 44% of Russians think it is "more difficult" or "much more difficult" for Russians to find a job, compared to Estonians. 10% of Estonians and 15% of Russians, on the other side, believe it is "easier", or "much easier" for Russians to find a job.
392:
1528:, there is deep disapproval of everything Russian in Estonia. She contends that the alleged level of discrimination regarding ethnic Russians in Estonia would have posed a barrier to acceptance into the EU; however, Western media gave the matter very little attention. However the European Commission conducted close monitoring of these countries compliance with the
1126:
but rather language-based (Para. 56). The rapporteur expressed several recommendations including strengthening the
Chancellor of Justice, facilitating granting citizenship to persons of undefined nationality and making language policy subject of a debate to elaborate strategies better reflecting the multilingual character of society (paras. 89-92).
717:
1278:
Russians did not consider their situations as "dangerous, difficult or especially burdensome" and found 69% of
Russian speakers disagreed with the view that non-citizens and minorities were badly treated, while a Russian survey in 1995 found only 8% of Russian speakers felt their human rights were being violated.
786:
1291:
However another survey result in 2008 found only 3% of ethnic
Russians said they had regularly experienced hostility or unfair treatment because of their ethnicity, and 9% occasionally; 1% stated they had been regularly offended on the basis of their ethnicity while 7% occasionally. This survey found
1125:
noted the existence of political will by the
Estonian State authorities to fight the expressions of racism and discrimination in Estonia. According to the report, the representatives of the Russian speaking communities in Estonia saw the most important form of discrimination in Estonia is not ethnic,
1383:
According to the 2008 survey by TIES, 50% of ethnic
Russian respondents think that the statement, "As a result of reform the quality of education for Russian youth will worsen" is "exactly true" or "moderately true". Report also notes that "a significantly larger share of Estonians complete higher
1303:
Recent studies have shown that one of the significant factors of statelessness is the advantage of retaining an ambiguous legal status to everyday life; on one hand it is easier for immigrants without
Estonian citizenship to travel back to Russia while on the other hand lack of citizenship poses no
1299:
has examined
Estonia's treatment of its Russophone minority. In its conclusion, the centre stated that all international organisations agree that no forms of systematic discrimination towards the Russian-speaking population can be observed and praises the efforts made thus far in amendments to laws
1453:
According to the CIA World
Factbook, "Estonia is a source, transit, and destination country for women subjected to forced prostitution, and for men and women subjected to conditions of forced labor". Estonia also "does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking,
1338:
minority in Estonia enjoy very limited linguistic and minority rights, and often find themselves de facto excluded from the labour market and educational system. The discriminating policies of Estonia have led to "disproportionately high levels of unemployment among the Russian-speaking linguistic
1319:
72% of 500 questioned ethnic Russians believed that different ethnic background is hindering to workplace advancement. Russian government officials and parliamentarians echo these charges in a variety of forums. Such claims have become more frequent during times of political disagreements between
1277:
Surveys conducted between 1993 and 1997 found ethnic Russians living in the Baltic states generally did not see themselves as particularly threatened or suffering from "apartheid" or racism as the Russian government often contended; a British survey in 1993 showed that "solid majorities of ethnic
1323:
According to the 2008 survey by TIES, a project coordinated by the University of Amsterdam, 38.9% of Russian and 25.2% of Estonian respondents think that "Russians experience hostility or unfair treatment because of their ethnicity" at work "occasionally", "regularly", or "frequently". 51.4% of
1434:
incident. There was a concern expressed about possible human right violations perpetrated by both demonstrators and police. During the April 2007 riots in Tallinn, some police allegedly used excessive force against demonstrators. Eight criminal cases opened against officers, where charges were
1346:
argue that while there was no ethnicity based discrimination in 1989, the situation in 1994 was completely different. According to the article, there is substantial evidence of discrimination against ethnic Russians in the 1994 Estonian labour market. The evidence examined in the article also
1347:
suggested that Estonian language ability does not significantly affect wages. Kroncke and Smith also point out the surprising fact, that Estonian-born ethnic Russians appear to fare worse than immigrant ethnic Russians. A later study by Kristian Leping and Ott Toomet published in 2008 in the
1379:
Amnesty International has recommended that the authorities provide more support for teachers and adequate resources for students who will be required to replace Russian with Estonian as their language of teaching and instruction; replacing Russian with Estonian as their learning language to
1304:
problems for living in Estonia; a survey in 2008 found that 72% of ethnic Russian respondents cite the ease of travel to Russia as one of the reasons people do not seek Estonian citizenship and 75% state that the fact of lack of citizenship does not hinder their lives is another reason
682:
1415:
in Estonia is disproportionately affected by unemployment and discrimination in the field of education." The European Commission had previously conducted close monitoring of Estonia in 2000 and concluded that there was no evidence that these minorities are subject to discrimination.
776:
1504:
Estonia transposed an EU directive into its own laws banning discrimination based on sexual orientation in employment from May 1, 2004. A survey carried out in September 2002 found that there was a high level of discrimination against gay, lesbian and bisexual people in Estonia.
1360:
Since restoration of independence in 1991, Estonia has been funding Russian-language elementary, comprehensive and high schools alongside Estonian-language schools, with future reform planned since the late 1990s but repeatedly delayed. The reform plan was commenced in 2007.
1263:
According to Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as at 2011, the evaluations given by UN Committee on economic, social and cultural rights show acute human rights issues, in particular in the field of rights of national minorities, to remain unresolved in Estonia.
1339:
minority. This in turn has further contributed to social exclusion and vulnerability to other human rights abuses. In consequence, many from this group are effectively impeded from the full enjoyment of their economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights)."
1142:. In its 2010 concluding observations the Committee noted some positive aspects, and raised concerns and made recommendations with regard to Estonia's compliance with the convention. Concerns named in the report included: lack of protection of minorities from
1190:. Moscow's attempts to take political advantage over the issue of the Russophone minority in Estonia have been successful as Kremlin has used every international forum where the claims of the violations of human rights in Estonia have been presented.
633:
616:
544:
has delivered 23 judgments in cases brought against Estonia (beginning from 2001); in 19 cases, it found at least one violation of the European Convention on Human Rights or its protocols. In 2001, Estonia has extended a standing invitation to
1182:, the European Network of Excellence organized by a group of 45 universities publication the alleged violations of human rights of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia has served as a pretext of trying to lock the region within the
822:
1384:
education, while Russians more often only finish secondary education. At the same time, there were no significant differences between Estonians and Russians school success in terms of drop-out rates from basic and secondary school."
1375:
In the 2007/2008 academic year, 49 Russian schools (79%) were teaching Music in Estonian, 30 Russian schools (48%) were teaching Social Studies in Estonian and 17 Russian schools (27%) taught both transition subjects in Estonian.
666:
1351:
reports that a lack of fluency in the Estonian language and segregated social networks and school system, rather than ethnicity, as the prime reason for the apparent wage gap between Estonian and non-Estonian speakers.
1470:
has said that Estonia has taken clear steps to protect children from exploitation, although the human rights expert has commented that "young people remain at risk and continued vigilance from authorities is needed."
767:
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populations. He names three "pillars" of discrimination: refusal of citizenship, language usage, and participation rights, and claims discrimination is constrained by the "economic dependence on Russophone labour".
1139:
582:
750:
531:
that were the standard of the day. The 1925 Law on Cultural Autonomy was an innovative piece of legislation that provided for the protection of the collective rights for citizens of non-Estonian ethnicities.
2098:
1331:
found that 17.1% of ethnic non-Estonians claimed that they had experienced limitations to their rights or degrading treatment in the workplace during the last 3 years because of their ethnic origin.
812:
650:
1222:
politician, former minister for Social Integration, claimed, "Hughes provides simple conclusions about the complex realities of minority policies and inter-ethnic relations in Estonia and Latvia".
2233:
1207:, claimed Latvia and Estonia are both states "captured by the titular ethnic groups", employing a "sophisticated and extensive policy regime of discrimination" against their respective
831:
1229:(OSCE) mission in Estonia and the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities declared in 1993 that they could not find a pattern of human rights violations or abuses in Estonia.
2534:
1774:
1501:
is 16 years and was equalized for both homosexual and heterosexual sex in 2001. Homosexuals are not banned from military service and there are no laws discriminating homosexuals.
2444:
1236:, Estonia generally respects the human rights of citizens and the large ethnic Russian noncitizen community. However, there were problems with police use of force, conditions in
1135:
1057:
report, 1993, the organisation did not find systematic, serious abuses of human rights in the area of citizenship. Non-citizens in Estonia were guaranteed basic rights under the
804:
1372:
in Estonian since the 2007/2008 academic year. The government has been reserved authority to grant waivers and extensions to some state-funded schools on a case-by-case basis.
1933:
1226:
600:
492:
794:
2498:
1292:
that while most of the respondents had not actually experienced any discrimination personally, they nevertheless held the belief that the level of discrimination was high.
3571:
4477:
2604:
3870:
3095:
2923:
2898:
1532:
in regard to minority rights prior to accession to the EU, the Commission claimed that there is no evidence that these minorities are subject to discrimination.
432:
2102:
1591:
315:
310:
305:
499:
in 2008 have found little major apparent issues or patterns of systematic abuse of human rights or discrimination on ethnic grounds, while others, such as
2350:
2166:
1865:
3603:
2237:
1042:
699:
2177:
3764:
2221:
1970:
1436:
3462:
4605:
1113:
is independent and generally free from government interference. As of 2023, Freedom House lists Estonia as 94 out of 100 in Freedom in the World.
515:
Estonians' individual human rights and collective rights to exist as an ethnic entity, have been routinely violated for eight centuries since the
2012:
2695:
4535:
3595:
2210:
3292:
2071:
448:
are acknowledgedas being generally respected by the government. Nevertheless, there are concerns in some areas, such as detention conditions,
3611:
3373:
2948:
2647:
2476:
2381:
734:
367:
2844:
4470:
4098:
3958:
3875:
3518:
2803:
1841:
1194:
232:
227:
222:
205:
57:
2747:
2538:
4020:
2144:
2122:
1981:
1785:
1296:
1122:
590:
335:
261:
256:
251:
3892:
3540:
3160:
2188:
4742:
4555:
3919:
3907:
2559:О рекомендациях Комитета ООН по экономическим, социальным и культурным правам в связи с рассмотрением правозащитной ситуации в Эстонии
1710:
4278:
2155:
2133:
4580:
4430:
4389:
4245:
3777:
2302:
2199:
1926:
1714:
1233:
546:
425:
290:
285:
280:
3815:
3575:
2502:
2056:
1138:(CERD) examines regular reports of the member States on how the rights are being implemented under Article 9 of the International
4801:
3953:
3936:
3135:
4770:
4667:
4662:
4463:
4338:
3902:
1328:
1307:
Several human rights related researches are conducted every year by Estonian local human rights organizations, for example the
524:
185:
3070:
2664:
3798:
2862:
2772:
1660:
900:
541:
477:
375:
2611:
130:
4775:
4627:
4379:
4308:
4184:
3654:
3266:
1597:
1570:
3586:
3099:
2927:
2902:
4780:
4061:
3943:
3880:
3793:
3757:
3659:
3252:
3123:
1508:
1484:
1448:
1392:
469:
418:
405:
360:
3599:
3391:
3201:
Agenda 2000. For a stronger and wider Union (Vol. I). The Challenge of Enlargement (Part. II), COM (97) 2000 final, p45
2326:"WHO MiNDbank - Estonia: Initial State Party report to the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2015)"
1746:
4727:
4374:
4208:
4005:
3865:
2820:
3032:
Leping, Kristian; Toomet, Ott (2008). "Emerging ethnic wage gap: Estonia during political and economic transition".
4617:
4520:
4384:
4010:
3995:
3990:
3845:
3544:
2665:"Russian-speaking minorities in Estonia and Latvia: problems of integration at the threshold of the European Union"
1200:
528:
1045:(LICHR), which it claims is widely seen as an attempt to misrepresent the organization and to undermine its work.
4632:
4108:
4015:
3985:
3885:
1285:
1204:
1163:
347:
109:
4697:
4657:
4637:
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4707:
4682:
4540:
4123:
4000:
3721:
1655:
1611:
1237:
180:
4712:
2886:
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1873:
4737:
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4545:
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4525:
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4500:
4298:
4283:
4225:
4093:
4051:
3914:
3750:
3459:
3443:
3427:
3411:
1395:
in its 2008 report on Estonia notes that "approximately 33 per cent of the prison population is composed of
1058:
707:
496:
473:
52:
3308:
3058:
4765:
4732:
4722:
4702:
4692:
4677:
4672:
4652:
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4590:
4575:
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4313:
4159:
4149:
4076:
3860:
3855:
2086:
1525:
1480:
1249:
1030:
102:
2522:
1985:
4717:
4642:
4612:
4399:
4354:
4250:
4066:
3678:
3339:
2720:
2574:
Mark A. Cichock (2007). "Interdependence and manipulation in the Russian-Baltic relationship: 1993–97".
2016:
1816:
1582:
1010:
1006:
500:
121:
1463:
3684:
3582:
2020:
4328:
4230:
4194:
4169:
4103:
4056:
3968:
3650:
2870:
2702:
1529:
1106:
1094:
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have been free and fair. Public access to government information are respected and the country has a
198:
82:
3119:
4333:
4323:
4255:
4179:
4046:
4034:
3645:
3289:
2068:
1665:
1540:
1369:
1241:
1183:
504:
342:
75:
22:
2955:
777:
European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
4423:
4404:
4364:
4270:
4189:
4137:
3980:
3948:
3929:
3850:
3785:
3670:
2882:
2841:
2558:
2269:
ECSR "Conclusions 2019" on the report by Estonia - on Articles 7, 8, 16, 17, 19, 27 and 31 ESC(R)
1750:
1062:
1054:
523:
rule, followed by two centuries of Russian imperial suzerainty and ending with half a century of
488:
2800:
2523:
Development and Transition: Discrimination against the Russophone Minority in Estonia and Latvia
1937:
2438:"Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Estonia"
2389:
1197:'s forum Development and Transition has discussed the situation of Estonia and Latvia in 2005.
787:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
4318:
4293:
4240:
4164:
3607:
3369:
2751:
2643:
2472:
2466:
2413:
1408:
1365:
1257:
1245:
1147:
1102:
1086:
516:
4439:
4394:
4359:
4303:
4260:
4220:
3840:
3810:
3691:
3548:
3232:
3164:
3041:
3014:
2583:
1718:
1601:
1576:
1396:
1078:
1061:. However, there were some problems concerning the successful integration of some who were
461:
4369:
4288:
4154:
4088:
3805:
3725:
3695:
3466:
3395:
3296:
2984:
2866:
2848:
2807:
2733:
2075:
1605:
1564:
1536:
1159:
1151:
1082:
1026:
45:
3483:
3185:
1941:
1426:
Bronze Night § Human rights issues concerning arrests and use of force by the police
3511:
2313:
1308:
480:
ratified by the Estonian government. As of 2023, Estonia was ranked 8th in the world by
31:
4444:
4174:
4083:
3924:
3897:
3830:
3825:
1498:
1467:
1364:
According to schedule, 60% of all subjects of grades 10, 11 and 12 are to be taught in
1282:
1219:
1215:
1098:
1038:
481:
396:
1684:
4795:
3820:
3211:
3139:
3005:
Kroncke, Charles; Smith, Kenneth (1999). "The wage effects of ethnicity in Estonia".
2437:
2385:
1869:
1412:
1074:
520:
3212:"Estonia must investigate human rights violations committed during riots in Tallinn"
2985:"Document — Estonia: Linguistic minorities in Estonia: Discrimination must end"
2640:
The Russian Second Generation in Tallinn and Kohtla-Järve: The TIES Study in Estonia
2257:
3835:
3074:
2675:
1490:
1431:
1425:
1158:
for promoting Estonian language; restrictions of the usage of minority language in
1034:
768:
Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography
158:
3673:
3253:"Estonia working hard to reduce child exploitation, UN human rights expert finds".
2859:
2776:
2291:
507:, who "suffer unemployment rates almost twice as high as among ethnic Estonians".
2258:
Estonia's 17th report - on Articles 1, 9, 10, 15, 18, 20, 24 and 25 ESC(R), 2020
1544:
1320:
Russia and these countries and waned when the disagreements have been resolved.
1253:
1167:
1143:
453:
145:
114:
3186:"Council of Europe: Reports on racism in Estonia, Lithuania, Romania and Spain"
3120:
Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee against Torture : Estonia
2821:"The policy of discrimination of the national minorities in Latvia and Estonia"
2268:
1555:
once they could not "cope with gay hatred and racism on the Estonian streets."
4345:
3617:
3045:
2587:
2325:
1548:
1335:
1208:
1155:
1022:
1014:
87:
1368:
by 2011 in all state-funded schools. All state-funded schools already teach
1342:
Charles Kroncke and Kenneth Smith in a 1999 article published in the journal
4235:
4113:
3388:
3018:
2837:
2796:
1110:
1018:
173:
152:
2824:
667:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
472:
in Europe. Individuals are guaranteed on paper the basic rights under the
4455:
2874:
2748:"Government to develop activities to decrease the number of non-citizens"
1179:
1090:
3730:
3708:
3255:
UN News Service. 24 October 2008. UN News Centre. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
1812:
1524:
According to veteran German author, journalist and Russia-correspondent
3773:
1494:
1430:
A number of organisations have commented on the events surrounding the
465:
457:
2610:. European Union Fundamental Rights Agency. 2009-12-09. Archived from
503:
in 2009, have raised concerns regarding immigrants, and regarding the
3290:
Estonia repeals Discriminatory Age of Consent for Homosexual Contacts
2069:
Countries having extended a standing invitation to Special Procedures
1897:
1837:
1552:
1454:
being the only country of the EU without a specific trafficking law.
1187:
449:
3718:
3692:
Estonia: The right to freedom of peaceful assembly must be protected
3309:"Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia"
3742:
1281:
According to a 2008 survey of 500 ethnic Russians conducted by the
1140:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
583:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
751:
Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
3368:(in German) (4 ed.). München: F.A. Herbig. pp. 45–48.
3315:
2878:
2280:
4459:
3746:
2801:
Naši suvelaagrit «ehib» Hitleri vuntsidega Paeti kujutav plakat
527:. Estonia's first constitution of 1920 included safeguards for
2773:"Russia and the Baltic States: Not a Case of "Flawed" History"
813:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
651:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
487:
Several international and human rights organisations, such as
2696:"Estonia Today: Citizenship : Fact Sheet September 2009"
924:
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
3735:
2860:
Russia and the Baltic States: Not a Case of "Flawed" History
2156:
CESCR concluding observations on the third report by Estonia
1166:
in political life; persistently high number of persons with
3161:"MAR | Data | Assessment for Russians in Estonia"
2642:. Jelena Helemäe. Amsterdam University Press. p. 218.
1775:"The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2008"
846:
556:
3267:"Estonia approves law raising age of sexual consent to 16"
1109:
is regarded as a relatively minor problem in Estonia. The
3696:
Linguistic minorities in Estonia: Discrimination must end
3662:
by the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance
1579:: 13 (2009), 10 (2011),10 (2012), 9 (2013), and 94 (2023)
1037:
by police were dismissed. Also Estonian security police,
3588:
Chance to Survive: Minority Rights in Estonia and Latvia
2303:
Fourth Opinion on Estonia by the FCNM Advisory Committee
1435:
dropped in six, and two were pending at year’s end. The
1130:
UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
1013:
face discrimination in a number of areas, especially in
983:
UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
832:
Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings
3214:. International Federation for Human Rights. 2007-05-09
2535:"Development and Transition: Rejoinder to James Hughes"
1334:
Amnesty had noted in a 2006 report that members of the
1101:
security organs as the nation's political police. Also
889:
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
2605:"European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey"
2445:
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
1588:
Worldwide Quality-of-life Index, 2005: 68 out of 111.
1136:
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
805:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2468:
Immigration and emigration in historical perspective
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1227:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
1150:; strong emphasis on Estonian language in the state
601:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
493:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
4751:
4493:
4269:
4207:
4136:
4033:
3967:
3784:
2414:"Estonia: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report"
1121:The 2008 report of Special Rapporteur on racism to
970:European Commission against Racism and Intolerance
795:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
3572:European Commission against Racism and Intolerance
3473:, Freedom House, 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
3450:, Freedom House, 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
3434:, Freedom House, 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
3418:, Freedom House, 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
2366:. Freedom House, Inc. 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1547:to Estonia, mentioned that he resigned due to the
878:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
3364:Krone-Schmalz, Gabriele (2008). "Zweierlei Maß".
2954:. European Network Against Racism. Archived from
2842:Venemaa süüdistas Eestit taas natsismi toetamises
3576:ECRI Report on Estonia. Fourth monitoring cycle.
2376:
2374:
2372:
1511:has been legal in Estonia since 1 January 2024.
536:Estonia in the international human rights system
3071:"EAEA - Russian language in Estonian education"
2638:Nimmerfeldt, Gerli (2011). Vetik, Raivo (ed.).
2314:ECRI report on Estonia (fifth monitoring cycle)
2059:European Court of Human Rights Press Unit, 2011
1860:
1858:
1666:Internet censorship and surveillance in Estonia
3136:"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2002"
2979:
2977:
2975:
2007:
2005:
4471:
3758:
1097:, although a 2007 report discussed Estonia's
426:
8:
3594:. Aleksei Semjonov. Estonia, Moscow, Paris:
3197:
3195:
1838:"Statistics of the Human Development Report"
1769:
1767:
1747:"Integrating Estonia's Non-Citizen Minority"
1633:a score of 1 is most free and 100 least free
1608:score: 1 (1 being most free, 7 least free).
553:Participation in basic human rights treaties
3096:"Estonian country report by TIES - page 43"
2924:"Estonian country report by TIES - page 56"
2899:"Estonian country report by TIES - page 91"
1146:; racial motivation of crimes not being an
4478:
4464:
4456:
4213:
4142:
4039:
3973:
3765:
3751:
3743:
3059:Андрей Красноглазов: "Каток не остановить"
1807:
1805:
1692:. Vienna: Center for Systemic Peace. 2010.
433:
419:
17:
3719:Legal Information Centre for Human Rights
3604:Legal Information Centre for Human Rights
2039:
2037:
1535:In an interview with the Dutch newspaper
1489:Homosexual sex, which was illegal in the
1065:at the time Estonia gained independence.
1043:Legal Information Centre for Human Rights
700:United Nations Convention Against Torture
3340:"Same-sex marriage now legal in Estonia"
2690:
2688:
2633:
2631:
1813:"The 2007 International Privacy Ranking"
1437:International Federation of Human Rights
946:Committee for the Prevention of Torture
843:Latest documents in reporting procedures
3646:Human rights in Estonia on OHCHR portal
1676:
1619:
996:Overviews by human rights organisations
20:
3685:Human rights in Europe. Review of 2019
3596:Institute of Democracy and Cooperation
3389:"Gay Dutch Ambassador Leaves Estonia".
2729:
2718:
2599:
2597:
2349:UN Treaty Body Database (5 May 2021).
1920:
1918:
1686:Polity IV Country Report 2010: Estonia
2408:
2406:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1380:successfully manage this transition.
1105:is respected in law and in practice.
913:Committee on the Rights of the Child
735:Convention on the Rights of the Child
7:
3519:United Nations Development Programme
1892:
1890:
1842:United Nations Development Programme
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1195:United Nations Development Programme
935:European Committee on Social Rights
2672:European Centre for Minority Issues
2013:"Amnesty International Report 2009"
1982:United Nations Human Rights Council
1936:(named CSCE before 1995). pp.
1711:"2008 Human Rights Report: Estonia"
1297:European Centre for Minority Issues
1232:According to Human Right Report of
1123:United Nations Human Rights Council
1117:United Nations Human Rights Council
1089:are allowed to organize freely and
591:European Convention on Human Rights
3731:Estonian Institute of Human Rights
3484:"Worldwide Quality of Life – 2005"
1309:Estonian Institute of Human Rights
1025:by state officials and attacks by
742:Additional Protocol of 1995 (ESC)
726:Additional Protocol of 1988 (ESC)
14:
3600:Foundation for Historical Outlook
2949:"Responding to Racism in Estonia"
1715:United States Department of State
1234:United States Department of State
478:treaties relating to human rights
3642:Intergovernmental organizations
3521:. January 2010. pp. 148–151
3034:Journal of Comparative Economics
2145:Estonia's third report on ICESCR
2045:Historical dictionary of Estonia
1925:Max van der Stoel (1993-04-23).
1349:Journal of Comparative Economics
759:Revised European Social Charter
390:
30:
3541:"Global Corruption Report 2007"
3512:"2010 Human development Report"
3163:. Cidcm.umd.edu. Archived from
1462:Independent Special Rapporteur
1329:European Network Against Racism
1273:Surveys related to human rights
1041:, made allegations against the
2471:. Edizioni Plus. p. 183.
2465:Isaacs, Ann Katherine (2007).
2057:Estonia: Press country profile
1661:History of Russians in Estonia
1244:. Also there were problems in
1033:into allegations of excessive
542:European Court of Human Rights
376:Politics of the European Union
1:
3690:AI country-specific reports:
3655:Commissioner for Human Rights
2987:. Amnesty International. 2006
2167:12th and 13th report on ICERD
2123:Estonia's 4th report on ICCPR
2047:, Scarecrow Press, 2004, p253
1866:"Country Report 2008 Edition"
1571:Worldwide Press Freedom Index
1543:, a former ambassador of the
450:excessive police use of force
3736:Estonian Human Rights Centre
3124:UN Committee Against Torture
2701:. 2009-09-02. Archived from
2281:CPT report on the 2017 visit
2178:CERD Concluding observations
1984:. 2008-02-20. Archived from
1927:"CSCE Communication No. 124"
1717:. 2009-02-25. Archived from
1485:Same-sex marriage in Estonia
1449:Human trafficking in Estonia
1393:UN Committee Against Torture
1203:, a US sociologist from the
549:of UN Human Rights Council.
3959:Restoration of independence
3876:Declaration of Independence
3705:Governmental organizations
2211:CRC concluding observations
2200:CAT concluding observations
2134:HRC Concluding observations
2099:"CoE human rights treaties"
1021:. Migrants were exposed to
368:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
58:Declaration of Independence
4818:
3954:Declaration of sovereignty
3545:Transparency International
3233:"CIA - The World Factbook"
1478:
1446:
1423:
529:civil and political rights
4417:
4216:
4145:
4042:
3976:
3653:by the Council of Europe
3493:. www.economist.com. 2005
3366:Was passiert in Russland?
3265:ERR, ERR | (2022-05-18).
3046:10.1016/j.jce.2008.08.002
2588:10.1080/01629779900000011
2576:Journal of Baltic Studies
1411:stated in 2006 that "the
1286:Fundamental Rights Agency
901:Committee Against Torture
460:has been classified as a
4047:Administrative divisions
3402:. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
2887:Russia in Global Affairs
2222:5th, 6th report on CEDAW
2087:UN human rights treaties
1656:Estonian nationality law
1612:Global Corruption Report
1458:Exploitation of children
1168:undetermined citizenship
1162:; low level of minority
1148:aggravating circumstance
959:FCNM Advisory Committee
861:Experts' body's document
634:Second Optional Protocol
576:Participation of Estonia
566:Participation of Estonia
476:, legislative acts, and
336:Administrative divisions
4802:Human rights in Estonia
4487:Human rights in Europe
3471:Freedom on the Net 2013
3448:Freedom on the Net 2012
3432:Freedom on the Net 2011
3416:Freedom on the Net 2009
3344:Eesti Rahvusringhääling
3019:10.1111/1468-0351.00009
3007:Economics of Transition
1592:Human Development Index
1583:Worldwide Privacy Index
1344:Economics of Transition
1260:of women and children.
1059:Constitution of Estonia
1031:Criminal investigations
867:Human Rights Committee
708:European Social Charter
617:First Optional Protocol
497:UN Human Rights Council
446:Human rights in Estonia
4536:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3547:. 2007. Archived from
2728:Cite journal requires
2561:МИД России, 08.12.2011
2388:. 2008. Archived from
2019:. 2009. Archived from
1872:. 2008. Archived from
1784:. 2008. Archived from
1614:, 2007: 24 out of 163.
1594:, 2010: 34 out of 169.
1577:Internet freedom score
1559:International rankings
1526:Gabriele Krone-Schmalz
1481:LGBT rights in Estonia
1443:Trafficking in persons
3903:Occupation of Estonia
3709:Chancellor of Justice
3679:Amnesty International
2663:van Elsuwege, Peter.
2382:"Map of Freedom 2008"
2234:"concluding Comments"
2017:Amnesty International
1817:Privacy International
1585:, 2007: 13 out of 37.
1573:, 2023: 8 out of 173.
1567:, 2008: 37 out of 167
1420:Bronze Night incident
1011:linguistic minorities
1007:Amnesty International
1001:Amnesty International
501:Amnesty International
186:Chancellor of Justice
122:Government of Estonia
3674:documents on Estonia
3660:Documents on Estonia
3651:Documents on Estonia
2292:Fifth report on FCNM
1978:Documents on Estonia
1598:Freedom in the World
1530:Acquis communautaire
1152:Integration strategy
1095:freedom of the press
4752:States with limited
3944:Government-in-exile
3881:War of Independence
3667:International NGOs
2447:. 23 September 2010
2189:Fifth report on CAT
1493:, was legalised in
1388:Ethnicity and crime
1370:Estonian literature
1242:pre-trial detention
1184:sphere of influence
1077:, Estonia has wide
1063:permanent residents
691:Protocol 13 (ECHR)
674:Protocol 12 (ECHR)
540:As of end of 2010,
505:Russophone minority
23:Politics of Estonia
4185:Telecommunications
3949:Singing Revolution
3930:Estonian partisans
3851:Great Northern War
3724:2022-05-28 at the
3671:Human Rights Watch
3465:2019-03-12 at the
3394:2009-04-23 at the
3295:2004-05-05 at the
2883:Russian Federation
2865:2008-06-26 at the
2847:2009-09-19 at the
2806:2009-09-21 at the
2074:2011-09-03 at the
1751:Human rights watch
1475:Sexual orientation
1464:Najat Maalla M'jid
1174:Other institutions
1055:Human Rights Watch
1049:Human Rights Watch
739:Accession in 1991
704:Accession in 1991
671:Accession in 1991
658:Protocol 7 (ECHR)
655:Accession in 1991
642:Protocol 6 (ECHR)
639:Accession in 2004
625:Protocol 4 (ECHR)
622:Accession in 1991
608:Protocol 1 (ECHR)
605:Accession in 1991
587:Accession in 1991
547:Special Procedures
489:Human Rights Watch
397:Estonia portal
4789:
4788:
4453:
4452:
4413:
4412:
4241:Estonian language
4203:
4202:
4132:
4131:
4099:Political parties
4062:Foreign relations
4029:
4028:
3871:German occupation
3821:German Bishoprics
3613:978-9949-18-818-5
3583:Poleshchuk, Vadim
3400:NIS News Bulletin
3375:978-3-7766-2525-7
2649:978-90-8964-250-9
2478:978-88-8492-498-8
2351:"CRPD/C/EST/CO/1"
1991:on March 30, 2014
1509:Same-sex marriage
1409:Council of Europe
1403:Treatment of Roma
1397:stateless persons
1246:domestic violence
1156:punitive approach
1103:religious freedom
1087:Political parties
993:
992:
840:
839:
836:Ratified in 2015
823:Optional Protocol
817:Ratified in 1997
781:Ratified in 1996
773:Ratified in 2004
762:Ratified in 2000
723:Ratified in 2006
718:Optional Protocol
694:Ratified in 2004
683:Optional Protocol
661:Ratified in 1996
645:Ratified in 1998
628:Ratified in 1996
611:Ratified in 1996
595:Ratified in 1996
571:CoE core treaties
525:Soviet occupation
517:Northern Crusades
470:human development
443:
442:
361:Foreign relations
210:Recent elections
206:Political parties
131:Incumbent cabinet
4809:
4494:Sovereign states
4480:
4473:
4466:
4457:
4433:
4426:
4214:
4143:
4119:
4040:
4006:Populated places
3974:
3866:Age of Awakening
3811:Livonian Crusade
3767:
3760:
3753:
3744:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3623:on 13 March 2011
3622:
3616:. Archived from
3593:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3516:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3480:
3474:
3457:
3451:
3441:
3435:
3425:
3419:
3409:
3403:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3320:
3314:. Archived from
3313:
3305:
3299:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3138:. Archived from
3132:
3126:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3098:. Archived from
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3073:. Archived from
3067:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2926:. Archived from
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2901:. Archived from
2895:
2889:
2857:
2851:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2823:. Archived from
2818:"Law Assembly":
2816:
2810:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2775:. Archived from
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2750:. Archived from
2744:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2674:. Archived from
2669:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2537:. Archived from
2531:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2501:. Archived from
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2378:
2367:
2364:"Estonia (2007)"
2361:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2330:extranet.who.int
2322:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2236:. Archived from
2230:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2101:. Archived from
2095:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1975:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1940:. Archived from
1931:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1779:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1707:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1602:Political rights
1336:Russian-speaking
1327:A 2005 study by
1250:women's salaries
1248:, inequality of
1079:political rights
1027:extremist groups
847:
561:UN core treaties
557:
495:in 1993 and the
464:, with moderate
462:flawed democracy
435:
428:
421:
399:
395:
394:
393:
34:
18:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4771:Northern Cyprus
4753:
4747:
4668:North Macedonia
4489:
4484:
4454:
4449:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4409:
4385:Public holidays
4265:
4199:
4128:
4117:
4089:Law enforcement
4025:
4011:Protected areas
3963:
3893:Interwar period
3886:Battle of Võnnu
3861:Russian Livonia
3856:Russian Estonia
3846:Swedish Estonia
3806:Ancient Estonia
3780:
3771:
3726:Wayback Machine
3639:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3591:
3581:
3568:
3566:Further reading
3563:
3554:
3552:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:Wayback Machine
3458:
3454:
3442:
3438:
3426:
3422:
3410:
3406:
3396:Wayback Machine
3387:
3383:
3376:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3349:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3297:Wayback Machine
3288:
3284:
3275:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3145:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3118:
3114:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3080:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3053:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2871:Mikhail Demurin
2867:Wayback Machine
2858:
2854:
2849:Wayback Machine
2840:July 30, 2007:
2836:
2832:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2808:Wayback Machine
2795:
2791:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2727:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2517:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2395:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2252:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2081:
2076:Wayback Machine
2067:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1898:"Estonia | RSF"
1896:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1621:
1606:Civil liberties
1565:Democracy Index
1561:
1537:NRC Handelsblad
1522:
1517:
1487:
1479:Main articles:
1477:
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1205:Trinity College
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1160:public services
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1083:civil liberties
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809:Signed in 2007
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4109:Prime Minister
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3986:Extreme points
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3925:Ants Kaljurand
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3898:Era of Silence
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3637:External links
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3585:, ed. (2009).
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3040:(4): 599–619.
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3013:(1): 179–199.
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2873:, a long-time
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2827:on 2007-09-27.
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2799:25 July 2007:
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1515:External views
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1499:age of consent
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1468:United Nations
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1447:Main article:
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1424:Main article:
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1413:Roma community
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1216:Nils Muiznieks
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4246:Ethnic groups
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4124:Supreme Court
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3920:Guerrilla war
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3597:
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3584:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
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3565:
3551:on 2010-09-03
3550:
3546:
3542:
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3513:
3507:
3504:
3492:
3491:The Economist
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3440:
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3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:6 July 2007.
3397:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3357:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3321:on 2009-05-30
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3213:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3167:on 2012-06-22
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3142:on 2007-11-15
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3113:
3102:on 2012-01-28
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3077:on 2010-03-08
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3055:
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3028:
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3016:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2961:on 2011-10-07
2957:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2930:on 2012-01-28
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2905:on 2012-01-28
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:, printed in
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2826:
2822:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2779:on 2008-06-26
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2754:on 2009-09-01
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2722:
2708:on 2011-09-02
2704:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2617:on 2010-01-04
2613:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2582:(2): 89–116.
2581:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2541:on 2011-10-01
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2505:on 2009-09-03
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2500:
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2458:
2446:
2439:
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2430:
2419:
2418:Freedom House
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2392:on 2011-12-23
2391:
2387:
2386:Freedom House
2383:
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2240:on 2020-12-11
2239:
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2119:
2116:
2105:on 2012-02-19
2104:
2100:
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2073:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2023:on 2009-06-10
2022:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1947:on 2004-05-15
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1876:on 2011-02-01
1875:
1871:
1870:Freedom House
1867:
1861:
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1855:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1791:on 2009-03-24
1787:
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1732:
1721:on 2009-02-26
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4781:Transnistria
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4299:Coat of arms
4284:Architecture
4226:Demographics
4155:Central bank
4118:(parliament)
4114:
4072:Human rights
4071:
4052:Constitution
3937:Deportations
3915:World War II
3908:Estonian SSR
3836:Livonian War
3799:list of wars
3625:. Retrieved
3618:the original
3587:
3553:. Retrieved
3549:the original
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3523:. Retrieved
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3495:. Retrieved
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2563:(in Russian)
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2503:the original
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2482:. Retrieved
2467:
2460:
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2432:
2421:. Retrieved
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2238:the original
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2021:the original
1993:. Retrieved
1986:the original
1977:
1949:. Retrieved
1942:the original
1906:. Retrieved
1904:. 2023-12-01
1901:
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1874:the original
1846:. Retrieved
1832:
1821:. Retrieved
1793:. Retrieved
1786:the original
1781:
1755:. Retrieved
1723:. Retrieved
1719:the original
1685:
1679:
1638:
1534:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1491:Soviet Union
1488:
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1432:Bronze Night
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1201:James Hughes
1199:
1192:
1177:
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1120:
1072:
1052:
1035:use of force
1004:
974:not foreseen
973:
950:not foreseen
949:
860:
856:State report
855:
850:
770:(CRC-OP-SC)
575:
570:
565:
560:
539:
514:
486:
474:constitution
445:
444:
316:
301:
274:
262:
246:Presidential
245:
233:
216:
159:Lauri Hussar
63:Human rights
62:
53:Constitution
15:
4754:recognition
4728:Switzerland
4663:Netherlands
4160:e-Residency
4150:Agriculture
3715:Local NGOs
3683:Estonia //
3578:2010-03-02.
1545:Netherlands
1520:Journalists
1258:trafficking
1254:child abuse
1154:; usage of
1144:hate speech
828:Not signed
799:Not signed
791:Not signed
745:Not signed
729:Not signed
712:Not signed
688:Not signed
454:child abuse
146:Legislature
115:Kaja Kallas
4698:San Marino
4658:Montenegro
4638:Luxembourg
4618:Kazakhstan
4521:Azerbaijan
4400:Television
4380:Newspapers
4347:Kalevipoeg
4334:Literature
4251:Healthcare
4067:Government
3687:p. 26
3555:2009-06-06
3525:4 November
3497:2009-06-05
3350:2024-02-23
3325:2009-06-09
3276:2023-12-15
3239:2012-08-13
3218:2009-06-02
3171:2012-08-13
3146:2011-12-21
3106:2011-12-22
3081:2009-06-09
2991:2009-06-01
2965:2009-06-05
2934:2011-12-22
2909:2011-12-22
2881:and later
2783:2009-06-07
2758:2009-06-06
2712:2009-09-22
2621:2010-01-03
2545:2009-06-05
2509:2009-08-04
2499:"About us"
2484:2009-09-17
2451:2011-02-10
2423:2023-12-15
2396:2009-06-06
2335:2022-10-25
2244:2018-11-02
2109:2009-06-25
2027:2009-06-05
1995:2009-06-07
1951:2007-07-25
1908:2023-12-15
1880:2009-06-06
1848:2009-06-05
1823:2009-06-05
1795:2009-06-05
1757:2009-06-05
1725:2009-06-05
1672:References
1642:out of 100
1549:homophobia
1315:Employment
1209:Russophone
1107:Corruption
1023:harassment
1015:employment
941:2019-2020
88:Alar Karis
76:Presidency
4633:Lithuania
4365:Mythology
4329:Languages
4236:Estonians
4231:Education
4195:Transport
4170:Oil shale
4115:Riigikogu
4104:President
4057:Elections
3969:Geography
3460:"Estonia"
3444:"Estonia"
3428:"Estonia"
3412:"Estonia"
3235:. Cia.gov
2838:Postimees
2797:Postimees
1782:Economist
1356:Education
1238:detention
1225:Both the
1111:judiciary
1091:elections
1019:education
275:Municipal
217:Riigikogu
199:Elections
174:Judiciary
157:Speaker:
153:Riigikogu
103:Executive
83:President
4796:Category
4761:Abkhazia
4713:Slovenia
4708:Slovakia
4683:Portugal
4541:Bulgaria
4440:Category
4324:Internet
4319:Folklore
4256:Religion
4180:Taxation
4094:Military
4035:Politics
3794:Timeline
3778:articles
3722:Archived
3694:(2006),
3627:18 April
3463:Archived
3392:Archived
3293:Archived
2875:diplomat
2863:Archived
2845:Archived
2804:Archived
2072:Archived
1650:See also
1600:, 2008:
1366:Estonian
1180:Cliohres
1170:, etc.
685:(CEDAW)
636:(ICCPR)
619:(ICCPR)
343:Counties
302:European
4738:Ukraine
4688:Romania
4648:Moldova
4606:Ireland
4601:Iceland
4596:Hungary
4586:Germany
4581:Georgia
4571:Finland
4566:Estonia
4561:Denmark
4546:Croatia
4531:Belgium
4526:Belarus
4516:Austria
4511:Armenia
4506:Andorra
4501:Albania
4424:Outline
4405:Theatre
4375:Symbols
4304:Cuisine
4271:Culture
4209:Society
4190:Tourism
4138:Economy
3996:Islands
3981:Climate
3786:History
3774:Estonia
1902:rsf.org
1495:Estonia
1466:of the
1220:Latvian
1134:The UN
825:(CRPD)
511:History
466:privacy
458:Estonia
4766:Kosovo
4733:Turkey
4723:Sweden
4703:Serbia
4693:Russia
4678:Poland
4673:Norway
4653:Monaco
4623:Latvia
4591:Greece
4576:France
4551:Cyprus
4445:Portal
4294:Cinema
4279:Anthem
4165:Energy
4016:Rivers
3776:
3698:(2007)
3610:
3372:
2646:
2475:
1844:. 2008
1819:. 2007
1753:. 1993
1553:racism
1268:Issues
1256:, and
1188:Russia
881:2017
753:(CRC)
720:(CAT)
491:, the
452:, and
4718:Spain
4643:Malta
4613:Italy
4431:Index
4395:Sport
4390:Radio
4360:Music
4355:Media
4314:Flags
4261:Women
4221:Crime
4021:Towns
4001:Lakes
3991:Fauna
3621:(PDF)
3592:(PDF)
3515:(PDF)
3487:(PDF)
3319:(PDF)
3312:(PDF)
2959:(PDF)
2952:(PDF)
2706:(PDF)
2699:(PDF)
2679:(PDF)
2668:(PDF)
2615:(PDF)
2608:(PDF)
2443:. UN
2441:(PDF)
1989:(PDF)
1974:(PDF)
1945:(PDF)
1930:(PDF)
1789:(PDF)
1778:(PDF)
1690:(PDF)
989:2021
986:2015
978:2015
965:2015
962:2019
954:2019
938:2020
930:2016
927:2015
919:2017
908:2013
905:2011
895:2014
892:2019
884:2019
873:2019
870:2018
46:State
4370:Name
4289:Beer
4077:LGBT
3629:2010
3608:ISBN
3602:and
3527:2010
3370:ISBN
2879:USSR
2734:help
2644:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2271:2020
1938:p. 3
1934:OSCE
1551:and
1483:and
1407:The
1295:The
1218:, a
1193:The
1081:and
1017:and
519:and
468:and
317:2024
311:2019
306:2014
291:2021
286:2017
281:2013
263:2026
257:2021
252:2016
234:next
228:2023
223:2019
4340:ABD
4084:Law
3271:ERR
3042:doi
3015:doi
2877:of
2869:by
2584:doi
1186:of
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