376:
inquiry in March 2012. A bill containing many of the recommendations in the report was introduced to
Parliament but failed to pass. It was later reintroduced under urgency and the Fisheries (Foreign Charter Vessels and Other Matters) Amendment Act passed into New Zealand law in 2014. This amendment mandates that all FCVâs within the EEZ must reflag to New Zealand by 2016, which will allow the New Zealand Courts full jurisdiction over all crew members, who will then be entitled to the same protections that are available to all workers in New Zealand. Additionally, an Observer Programme has been implemented in order to effectively monitor the situation. The new legislation is hoped to bring an end to modern slavery in New Zealand's territorial waters.
240:, and a claim may be filed even if the victim(s) did not actually enter New Zealand. The New Zealand Courts have extraterritorial jurisdiction over the crime of human trafficking and may prosecute New Zealand citizens who commit the offence on foreign territory. To date, no convictions have been recorded and it has been suggested that the lack of prosecutions and investigations is due to the high evidentiary bar of the current law. In August 2014, Immigration New Zealand charged three individuals with human trafficking, who have pleaded not guilty to arranging by deception the trafficking of 18
269:
employ migrants. Since the legalisation of prostitution in 2003, The
Prostitution Reform Act (PRA) makes it an offence to compel commercial sexual services. To address the issue of illegal migrant sex workers, it is an offence to threaten to disclose unlawful immigrant status as a method of coercing a person to perform commercial sexual services. It is also an offence to abduct a person for the purposes of marriage or sexual connection with the abductor or any other person without consent or with consent under fraud or duress.
306:
human trafficking. They may lack information or understanding of their rights due to language and cultural differences. If they are restricted to work with a particular employer, they might submit to threats if it is preferable to deportation, and they may fear shame if their family has supported their arrival to New
Zealand or are relying on their earnings. The Immigration Act 2009 allows for the prosecution of employers who exploit migrants or who commit serious breaches of
278:
PRA makes it an offence to facilitate or receive payment for commercial sex with a person under the age of 18, with a maximum penalty of 7 years imprisonment. Although persons aged 16 and over may legally have sex, the increased age reflects New
Zealand's obligation to comply with international obligations concerning children. It is not an offence to provide commercial sexual services under the age of 18, as the child is considered the victim. New Zealand ratified the
19:
840:
236:, the penalties are comparable to rape and murder, with a maximum of 20 years imprisonment or $ 500,000 fine, or both. In accordance with the governmentâs âvictim centred approach", human trafficking may be established even if the victim acted voluntarily. Several aggravating factors are provided to allow for appropriate sentencing. All proceedings under these provisions require consent of the
837:
314:, the Minimum Wage Act 1983 and the Wages Protection Act 1983. In April 2015 the Immigration Act 2009 was amended to extend these protections to legal workers. The government also targets the horticulture industry with its Regional Seasonal Employer (RSE) Policy which operates to maintain employment standards while responding to high labour demand.
205:
migrant victims may apply for a resident visa and receive ongoing protection, provided that they have not obstructed the investigation. The Health and
Disability Eligibility Direction 2011 entitles all victims to receive government support, including legal aid, counselling and medical treatment, with full coverage under the
392:
has suggested that the judiciary must maintain an awareness of human trafficking as proceedings may be brought under different statutes, although the facts of the case may amount to the crime of human trafficking. The need for appropriate sentencing has been recognised, and the protection of victims,
277:
The US Department of State
Trafficking in Persons Report 2014 identifies child prostitution as an issue, however there was no data available to support this claim. Government officials have responded on numerous occasions that the reports are based on media releases as opposed to police evidence. The
213:
and the
Ministry of Social Development for assistance in the case of financial hardship. Given the low level of trafficking cases in New Zealand, there is no resource allocation dedicated to these services. Victims are assessed on a case-by-case basis and may be directed to receive additional support
362:
vessel fled at port and complained to the New
Zealand Police of subjection to inhumane conditions and non-payment of wages. In 2006, the government published the code of Practice on Foreign Fishing Crew. As this was non-binding policy directive, there was no obligation for New Zealand authorities to
174:
in 2009. The MBIE is responsible for ensuring that the plan is implemented and compiles an annual report on compliance. The plan of action contains three goals; Prevention, Protection and
Prosecution. Under each of these, the plan identifies specific objectives and actions to be taken, and assigns a
349:
In 1997, the first proceedings alleging human rights abuses on a FCV were brought in the New
Zealand courts and the crew members were awarded compensation. The government conducted an investigation in 2004 and identified systemic human rights and contractual abuses but did not publicly release the
375:
alleged they had been subjected to physical, psychological and sexual abuse, suffered inhumane working conditions and punishments, and were underpaid or denied payment of wages, forced under threat to conceal this to authorities. Following these allegations, the government conducted a Ministerial
305:
Slavery, including debt bondage and serfdom is a crime in New Zealand. Due to the extraterritorial definition of human trafficking, cases in the courts involving debt bondage and migrant labour have been prosecuted under Section 98 of the Crimes Act. Migrants pose a particular issues to combating
204:
Victims are certified with trafficked status by the New Zealand Police and the appropriate government agency conducts an investigation and may issue legal proceedings. If the victim is a temporary migrant, they may apply for an extension of visa for a 12-month period. Following the investigation,
187:
Given that human trafficking may involve transnational networks, domestic efforts are unlikely to achieve full protection, as âdespite being a minor destination country, New Zealand remains disturbed by the dimension of people trafficking in the neighbouring Asia Pacific region." New Zealand is a
183:
The New Zealand Government is committed to equip and train government officials and front-line officers to identify trafficking and respond appropriately through the establishment of mandatory education programmes. This includes the promotion of public awareness in general. The MBIE is to conduct
88:
To implement the Palermo Protocol, the Crimes Act 1961 was amended to include the offence of human trafficking in 2002. In response to the Bali Process, New Zealand pledged to create a practical plan to address human trafficking and established the Inter Agency Working Group on People Trafficking
268:
undertook the âPink Sticker Campaignâ to raise awareness of exploitation and advertise a safe house for victims, and the Ministry of Justice suspended the visa free status between New Zealand and Thailand. Labour inspectors visit legal brothels and the government regularly audits workplaces that
64:
As human trafficking is not considered to be an active issue in New Zealand, the government focus is on prevention and identification of victims and offending. New Zealand has been classified as a destination country for human trafficking and a source location for domestic trafficking of
252:. Clause 5 changes the definition of human trafficking to include domestic movement, bringing New Zealand into conformity with the international definition, and adds exploitation as an element to the offence. The Bill is currently receiving submissions and a report is due in May 2015.
46:
170:. During the period of June to July in 2008, the Department of Labour held a public consultation to formulate a âwhole of government approachâ to human trafficking. 34 formal submissions were received which informed the development and subsequent publication of the
279:
1481:
325:
has raised concerns of forced labour for migrant workers. In 2013, the National Government pledged $ 7 million over four years towards this issue, allowing for the increased hiring of labour inspectors and immigration officers in the region.
231:
The Crimes Amendment Act 2002 added Sections 98C and 98D to the Crimes Act 1961 which prohibit the smuggling of unauthorized migrants for material benefit, and the trafficking of persons by coercion or deception. As a
80:
on the effectiveness of government actions to address human trafficking, New Zealand has consistently achieved a Tier One (highest) ranking, achieving full compliance with the minimum standards as contained in the
1226:
1327:
1246:
282:, and made it unlawful to deal with a person under the age of 18 for the purposes of sexual exploitation, the removal of body parts or the engagement of forced labour. In efforts to prohibit international
405:
operate in New Zealand to provide assistance to research programs, offer victim response and promote general public awareness. Examples include the Human Rights Commission, Stop the Traffik Aotearoa,
1488:
139:
82:
1357:
585:
1630:
342:. Because these FCVâs were outside the jurisdiction of labour protections, employers have been able to exploit crew members and submit them to forced labour. New Zealand ratified the
1084:
1063:
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 34 and 35; International Labour Organization Convention 162 Concerning the Worst Forms of Child Labour, Article 1.
510:
143:
110:
776:
175:
responsible agency and timetable for completion. The plan is considered to be a âliving documentâ, and following the pending legislative reform is due to be reassessed.
1389:
193:
50:
1324:
1243:
1223:
343:
135:
479:
109:
and the Immigration Act 2009 that attract lesser penalties. This issue is currently being addressed in a proposed legislative amendment. U.S. State Department's
367:
sank, killing 6 crew members. Surviving crew members revealed that they had been subjected to human rights and contractual abuse. In 2011, crew members of the
264:
women had been deceived into commercial sex arrangements in Auckland. No criminal prosecutions resulted, although one civil claim was successfully pursued. The
924:
707:
155:
1827:
286:, The New Zealand Courts have jurisdiction over New Zealand citizens who engage in commercial sex on foreign territory with children under the age of 16.
188:
member of various International entities which address human trafficking, such as the Bali Process, the Pacific Immigration Directorsâ Conference and the
93:
in 2009. The definition of human trafficking as involving exclusively transnational movement has meant that claims for domestic human trafficking in the
1645:
1364:
1604:
530:
184:
ongoing research in human trafficking and to assist in this, the National Intelligence Centre shares information legally with other governments.
1082:"Status of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography"
582:
806:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1665:
826:
363:
enforce the code, therefore exploitation continued, with further successful claims in the courts raising awareness of the issue. In 2010 the
265:
1416:
543:
761:
297:
the fact that the defendant was misled to believe and pursue a fictional under-aged woman was irrelevant to the prosecution of the claim.
1460:
1081:
1776:
248:, and is pending trial in late 2015 to early 2016. In 2014, the Organised Crime and Anti-corruption Legislation Bill was introduced to
1741:
131:
720:
426:
206:
189:
147:
74:
23:
1551:
1403:
Simmons, Glenn and Stringer, Christina, 2014. "NZ Fisheries Management System: Forced labour an ignored or overlooked dimension?"
151:
1781:
210:
1206:
773:
500:
1625:
237:
1791:
1020:
1751:
1736:
1708:
976:
22:
Findings of the legislative frameworks in different countries to prevent human trafficking. The findings are from the 2013
1675:
1640:
402:
393:
through the discretionary exercise of witness protection and consideration of the effects of their potential deportation.
215:
114:
77:
1771:
1731:
1536:
1024:
623:
1766:
1746:
1531:
322:
307:
106:
192:(ILO). Financial assistance has been provided for human trafficking initiatives in the Asia Pacific region through the
1597:
487:
163:
1191:
792:
749:
1660:
1446:
1786:
1690:
1761:
1685:
1635:
949:
245:
47:
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol)
1680:
1670:
1650:
293:
it was held that the defendant has the burden to show absence of fault of the knowledge of the victimâs age. In
1756:
1713:
911:
619:
583:
Status of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children
339:
335:
318:
289:
In cases concerning underaged victims, the courts have noted their concern for deterrence in sentencing. In
233:
1590:
249:
42:
662:
695:
102:
804:
89:(Working Group) in 2006. The Department of Labour, acting on behalf of the Working Group, released the
436:
1358:"Not in New Zealand's waters, surely? Labour and human rights abuses aboard foreign fishing vessels"
512:
Report of the Prostitution Law Review Committee on the Operation of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003
449:
414:
385:
167:
159:
1346:
Employment Relations Authority, CA10/07, 5072931 (Unreported, James Crichton, 30 January 2007).
1312:
683:
1383:
1262:
473:
460:
431:
311:
30:
1458:
1522:
The Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime
389:
1546:
1313:âModern Day Slavery: Employment Conditions for Foreign Fishing Crews in New Zealand Watersâ
1464:
1331:
1250:
1230:
1210:
1088:
980:
844:
810:
780:
589:
70:
38:
728:
762:"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2014"
825:'Working Together to Combat People Trafficking and Migrant Exploitation', available on
18:
1806:
838:"2012 United Nations Convention against Torture, New Zealand Draft Periodic Review 6"
774:"Position paper to the General Assembly Third Committee, Delegation from New Zealand"
66:
973:
569:
520:
1203:
280:
Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography
98:
59:
Bali Process on People Smuggling, Human Trafficking and related Transnational Crime
58:
54:
1526:
384:
New Zealand holds judicial membership of the Advisory Council of Jurists in the
283:
34:
1582:
1577:
1190:
Immigration Amendment Bill (No 2); New Zealand Government Press Release. 2014.
925:"Organised Crime and Anti-corruption Legislation Bill - New Zealand Parliament"
338:
which allows Foreign Charter Vessels (FCVâs) to operate within New Zealandâs
244:
nationals into forced labour in 2008-2009. The case has been referred to the
417:
has co-sponsored âPrevent People Traffickingâ conferences in 2013 and 2014.
351:
346:
in 1996, which prohibits the transport of slaves, including within the EEZ.
94:
261:
53:. New Zealand participates in efforts to combat human trafficking in the
1344:
D V Ryboproduckt Limited v The 49 crew of the MFV Aleksandr Ksenofonotov
950:"People Trafficking: an International Crisis Fought at the Local Level"
1578:
Collection of Resources and Media Articles on Foreign Shipping Vessels
85:. These standards are generally consistent with the Palermo Protocol.
1541:
1263:"Status of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 2010"
1567:
410:
406:
355:
241:
1224:âChristchurch rebuild migrants face debts, cramped accommodationâ
1356:
Stringer, Christina., Simmons, Glenn and Coulston,Daren (2014).
1025:âNZ rebuffs child trafficking, prostitution claims in US reportâ
663:"New Zealand Country Report, Trafficking in Persons Report 2014"
1586:
1283:
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 58(2).
750:"Prevent People Trafficking Conference Report April 11-12 2013"
684:
Definitions and Methodology, Trafficking in Persons Report 2014
1521:
545:
Temporary Migrants as Vulnerable Workers: A Literature Review
1572:
1274:
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 99.
1562:
1244:
Introduction To Prevent People Trafficking Conference 2014
1557:
1516:
51:
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC)
1527:
U.S. Department of State Trafficking in Persons Reports
551:, Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, 2014
721:"Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements"
1023:. stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2015; NZPA, 2006.
409:
New Zealand, Justice Acts New Zealand, Child Alert (
1722:
1699:
1618:
111:
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
105:have been pursued in other statutes, such as the
495:, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2014
194:New Zealand Agency for International Development
828:. immigration.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
752:salvationarmy.org.nz. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
344:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
136:Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
130:The Inter Agency Working Group consists of the
1334:. immigration.govt.nz Retrieved 30 April 2015.
620:"Plan of Action to Prevent People Trafficking"
83:Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2000 (TVPA)
1598:
1475:
1473:
1325:"Code of Practice on Foreign Fishing Vessels"
764:. unodc.org, p. 17. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
538:, New Zealand: Justice Acts New Zealand, 2014
8:
1388:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
710:parliament.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
451:Plan of Action to Prevent People Trafficking
172:Plan of Action to Prevent People Trafficking
140:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
91:Plan of Action to Prevent People Trafficking
1091:. treaties.un.org. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
592:. treaties.un.org. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
1605:
1591:
1583:
1447:âFishing Slavery Bill Passes final Hurdleâ
1315:. austlii.edu.au. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
1253:national.org.nz. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
1027:. nzherald.co.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
914:. nzherald.co.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
783:madmun.de., p. 1. Retrieved 30 April 3015.
708:"Organised Crime and Anti-corruption Bill"
478:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1547:Practical Guidance for Lawyers on Slavery
1307:
1305:
1295:HC (Christchurch) AD90/98 (24 May 1999);
1021:"NZ brushes off human trafficking report"
955:. Fulbright New Zealand. 2006. p. 88
847:justice.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
821:
819:
622:. dol.govt.nz. p. 13. Archived from
489:Global Trafficking in Persons Report 2014
334:In 1986, New Zealand adopted the fishing
57:region, and has a leadership role in the
1517:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
1363:. dol.govt.nz. p. 3. Archived from
1233:. 3news.co.nz. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
1213:. dol.govt.nz. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
874:Crimes Act 1961, Section 98E(1) and (2).
856:Crimes Act 1961, Sections 98C(3),98D(2).
17:
1418:. fish.govt.nz Retrieved 30 April 2015.
1194:. scoop.co.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
1072:Prostitution Reform Act, Section 23(3).
892:Crimes Act 1961, Section 98D(3)(a)-(b).
561:
200:Protection of human trafficking victims
1449:. tvnz.co.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
1381:
793:New Zealand's International engagement
658:
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648:
646:
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471:
614:
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610:
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606:
604:
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600:
598:
144:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
7:
1487:. courtsofnz.govt.nz. Archived from
992:Prostitution Reform Act, Section 16.
912:"NZ's first human trafficking trial"
570:"Trafficking in Persons Report 2013"
459:Glazebrook, Susan (13 August 2010),
1558:New Zealand Human Rights Commission
1482:"Human Trafficking and New Zealand"
1125:DC (Christchurch) T0313661/05, at .
974:Human Trafficking and Organizations
686:state.gov. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
665:state.gov. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
49:, a protocol to the United Nations
1828:Human rights abuses in New Zealand
1299:2 NZLR 24 (CA) (17 December 1999).
1192:"Migrant exploitation bill passed"
1181:Immigration Act 2009, Section 351.
107:Prostitution Reform Act 2003 (PRA)
14:
1542:Migrant Settlement in New Zealand
1532:Migrant Protection in New Zealand
1204:Regional Seasonal Employer Policy
1121:DC 631 (Christchurch), para. 52;
572:. U.S. Department of State. 2013.
462:Human trafficking and New Zealand
427:History of slavery in New Zealand
350:findings. In September 2005, ten
190:International Labour Organization
75:United States Department of State
1537:Migrant Exploitation Information
1436:Fisheries Act 1996, Section 233.
1427:Fisheries Act 1996, Section 103.
883:Crimes Act 1961, Section 98F(1).
865:Crimes Act 1961, Section 98D(4).
525:, U.S. Department of State, 2014
260:In 2001 it emerged that migrant
227:The offence of human trafficking
179:Prevention of human trafficking
1631:Federated States of Micronesia
1242:Hon. Michael Woodhouse. 2014.
1109:Crimes Act 1961, Section 144A.
1100:Crimes Act 1961, Section 98AA.
403:non-governmental organizations
397:Non-governmental organisations
317:The demand for workers in the
291:R v Raeleen Jo-Ann Prendeville
216:Non-governmental organizations
156:Ministry of Social Development
26:Trafficking in Persons Report.
1:
1054:Crimes Act 1961, Section 134.
1010:Crimes Act 1961, Section 208.
522:Trafficking in Persons Report
1823:Crime in New Zealand by type
1818:Human trafficking in Oceania
1813:Human trafficking by country
1613:Human trafficking in Oceania
1172:CA160/04 (1 September 2004).
1168:AT17/01 (19 February 2001),
1152:Crimes Act 1961, Section 98.
901:Crimes Act 1961, Section 7A.
454:, Department of Labour, 2009
340:Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ)
207:Accident Compensation Scheme
69:, including children in the
1265:. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
1134:DC (Wellington) 085-575/05.
505:, Ministry of Justice, 2002
413:) NZ, and Slave Free Seas.
164:New Zealand Customs Service
1844:
1143:DC (Dunedin) T03/13150/04.
983:. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
795:. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
1568:Stop the Traffik Aotearoa
1229:29 September 2017 at the
696:Crimes Amendment Act 2002
532:Protecting the Vulnerable
273:Sex trafficking of minors
37:under Section 98D of the
1777:Northern Mariana Islands
1467:Retrieved 30 April 2015.
1311:Devlin, Jennifer. 2009.
1164:CA4/02 (30 April 2002);
1087:27 November 2020 at the
1001:PRA, Section 16(c)(iii).
502:Protecting Our Innocence
1742:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1554:at HumanTrafficking.org
1297:Karelrebflot v Udovenko
779:9 November 2018 at the
588:11 January 2021 at the
336:Quota Management System
330:Foreign fishing vessels
295:R v Allan Geoffrey Pahl
266:Human Rights Commission
209:. Victims may apply to
1293:Udovenko v Karelybflot
1019:Gulliver ,Aimee.2014.
515:, Ministry of Justice.
234:crime against humanity
121:Governmental responses
113:placed the country in
43:New Zealand Government
27:
1725:and other territories
1222:Morrah, Michael.2014.
321:region following the
21:
1563:Child Alert ECPAT NZ
1407:50, 74-80, at P. 79.
1036:PRA, Sections 20-22.
910:Weekes, John. 2014.
437:Crime in New Zealand
132:Department of Labour
1480:Glazebrook, Susan.
843:18 May 2016 at the
211:Housing New Zealand
148:Ministry of Justice
73:. According to the
24:Department of State
1463:2011-09-02 at the
1370:on 13 January 2015
1330:2015-09-24 at the
1249:2015-07-22 at the
1209:2015-07-22 at the
979:2015-05-09 at the
809:2015-03-20 at the
629:on 21 January 2019
415:The Salvation Army
386:Asia Pacific Forum
168:New Zealand Police
160:Ministry for Women
152:Ministry of Health
28:
1800:
1799:
1792:Wallis and Futuna
1700:Associated states
1170:R v Chechelnitski
929:www.parliament.nz
432:Human trafficking
380:Judicial response
312:Holidays Act 2003
31:Human trafficking
1835:
1782:Pitcairn Islands
1752:French Polynesia
1737:Christmas Island
1666:Papua New Guinea
1646:Marshall Islands
1619:Sovereign states
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1119:Police v Antolik
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727:. Archived from
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469:
468:, Auckland, N.Z.
467:
455:
390:Susan Glazebrook
323:2011 earthquakes
238:Attorney-General
78:annual reporting
61:(Bali Process).
1843:
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1676:Solomon Islands
1614:
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1573:Slave Free Seas
1513:
1508:
1497:
1495:
1494:on 4 March 2016
1491:
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1471:
1465:Wayback Machine
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1445:ONE news.2014.
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1709:Cook Islands
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101:and foreign
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55:Asia-Pacific
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1552:New Zealand
284:sex tourism
222:Legislation
35:New Zealand
1807:Categories
1162:R v Rahimi
735:1 December
557:References
388:. Justice
352:Indonesian
319:Canterbury
250:Parliament
246:High Court
1626:Australia
138:(MBIE)),
134:(now the
117:in 2017.
95:workforce
71:sex trade
1641:Kiribati
1498:30 April
1461:Archived
1384:cite web
1374:30 April
1328:Archived
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841:Archived
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777:Archived
633:30 April
586:Archived
474:citation
421:See also
401:Various
373:Oyang 75
365:Oyang 70
358:flagged
166:and the
115:"Tier 1"
1787:Tokelau
1691:Vanuatu
369:Shin Ji
1762:Hawaii
1686:Tuvalu
360:Sky 75
356:Korean
242:Indian
1681:Tonga
1671:Samoa
1661:Palau
1651:Nauru
1492:(PDF)
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627:(PDF)
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493:(PDF)
466:(PDF)
411:ECPAT
407:Oxfam
214:from
1757:Guam
1714:Niue
1636:Fiji
1500:2015
1390:link
1376:2015
961:2015
936:2015
737:2017
635:2015
480:link
371:and
262:Thai
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