190:
prosecutions, though most were reluctant to do so due to social stigma and fear of retribution from traffickers, as the government offers no witness protection for victims who serve as prosecution witnesses. While the rights of trafficking victims are generally upheld, some victims may not have been identified as victims of human trafficking by authorities. The government provided a temporary legal alternative to the removal of foreign victims to countries where they may face hardship or retribution. NGOs provided limited training on human trafficking to some law enforcement and
738:
186:
such assistance was not readily accessible in all parts of the country, and the government reportedly decreased its already limited assistance to these shelters over the past year. There were no government-operated shelters for trafficking victims, though NGOs operated shelters for sex trafficking victims. Adult trafficking victims were largely unable to access any government-sponsored victim services, although the government provided limited legal, medical and psychological services to some victims.
160:, sexual exploitation, and adoption, prescribing penalties of 7 to 10 years’ imprisonment. A separate statute, Article 315, prohibits the submission, maintenance, or forced recruitment of another person into slavery, forced labor, servitude, or participation in an armed conflict; this offense carries penalties of five to eight years imprisonment. These prescribed punishments are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such as
203:
government converted a hotline formerly dedicated to human trafficking into a hotline for reporting on the general welfare of children. The government's interagency anti-trafficking committee was responsible for coordinating anti-trafficking efforts, but conducted few activities, and NGOs questioned the committee's capability and commitment to combat trafficking.
42:
government showed little overall evidence of progress in combating human trafficking, particularly in terms of providing adequate assistance and protection to victims, confronting trafficking-related complicity by government officials, and increasing public awareness about human trafficking; therefore, Nicaragua remained on the U.S. State
Department's
278:
139:
The Bureau of
International Labor Affairs reported in its 2019 report that Nicaragua is making minimal progress against the forms of child labor that are also affected by sexual exploitation and human trafficking. For example, there is no specific school age in Nicaragua and the policy to abolish and
100:
and bananas), the fishing industry (collecting shellfish), and for involuntary domestic servitude within the country and in Costa Rica. There were reports of some
Nicaraguans forced to engage in drug trafficking. To a lesser extent, Nicaragua was a destination country for women and children recruited
206:
Government partnership with NGOs on anti-trafficking activities is reported to be better at the local level. Authorities partnered with an NGO in northern
Nicaraguan to raise awareness about the commercial sexual exploitation of children; however, the government made limited efforts to combat child
41:
In 2010, the
Government of Nicaragua did not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it made significant efforts to do so. In 2009 the government convicted two trafficking offenders and sentenced them to 12 years’ imprisonment. Despite such efforts, the
185:
The
Nicaraguan government made inadequate efforts to protect trafficking victims during the last year, and NGOs and international organizations continued to be the principal providers of services to victims. The government provided basic shelter and services to some child trafficking victims, but
172:(NGOs) and the local media regarding local officials’ complicity in or tolerance of human trafficking, particularly in border regions, the government did not investigate or prosecute any officials for suspected involvement in trafficking offenses. During the year, international organizations and
167:
During the reporting period, the government investigated nine trafficking cases and initiated three prosecutions, compared with 13 investigations and 10 prosecutions initiated in 2008. The government convicted two trafficking offenders, each of whom received a sentence of 12 years’ imprisonment,
189:
During the reporting period, eight
Nicaraguan trafficking victims were repatriated from El Salvador and Guatemala; most victims receiving services were reported to be Nicaraguans who had been trafficked abroad. The government encouraged victims to participate in trafficking investigations and
202:
The
Nicaraguan government's efforts to prevent trafficking remained inadequate. The government conducted no anti-trafficking outreach or education campaigns in 2009, although NGOs and international organizations conducted public awareness campaigns with limited government collaboration. The
168:
which represents an increase in convictions from the previous year when no trafficking offenders were convicted. Nicaraguan authorities collaborated with the governments of neighboring countries to jointly investigate two trafficking cases over last year. Despite credible reports from
24:
207:
sex tourism. The government undertook no other initiatives to reduce demand for commercial sexual acts, such as conducting national awareness raising campaigns on child prostitution, and it did not report any efforts to reduce demand for forced labor.
389:"Human Rights Council concludes interactive dialogue on the Annual Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, hears presentations on Nicaragua, Venezuela, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol in Ukraine - World"
176:
reported a decrease in law enforcement efforts to combat trafficking, and authorities often did not take action or investigate cases, even when given specific details regarding the whereabouts of suspected traffickers.
151:
The
Government of Nicaragua sustained modest efforts to combat human trafficking through law enforcement activities during the reporting period. Nicaragua criminalizes all forms of human trafficking. Article 182 of the
702:
43:
411:
931:
622:
388:
859:
936:
712:
557:
547:
532:
235:
717:
926:
490:
869:
839:
941:
864:
904:
779:
844:
338:
306:
215:
In 2015, the
Nicaraguan government drafted the first law criminalizing human trafficking. After the socio-political crisis of 2019,
260:
132:
in 2017. In 2020, Nicaragua was blacklisted by the United States in its annual report. This was justified on the grounds that the
632:
567:
692:
794:
607:
784:
727:
642:
562:
169:
97:
834:
887:
707:
682:
657:
602:
572:
173:
143:
In 2023, the Organised Crime Index noted that the country had not formally identified any victims in the past five years.
129:
46:
849:
892:
882:
829:
799:
722:
662:
627:
582:
525:
854:
824:
697:
677:
667:
647:
592:
587:
577:
819:
814:
809:
804:
363:
759:
652:
617:
597:
88:, and the United States. Trafficking victims were recruited in rural areas for work in urban centers, particularly
789:
774:
769:
637:
92:, and subsequently coerced into prostitution. Adults and children were subjected to conditions of forced labor in
687:
612:
764:
518:
426:
52:
In 2013, Nicaragua was principally a source and transit country for women and children subjected to
746:
102:
133:
53:
294:
110:
314:
264:
118:
65:
920:
282:
510:
136:
would lead to an increase in trafficking. The country was placed at Tier 3 in 2023.
427:"Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Nicaragua | U.S. Department of Labor"
61:
57:
38:
en route to the United States; some may have fallen victim to human trafficking.
217:
National Coalition against Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons (CONATT)
191:
122:
93:
69:
465:
261:"Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 Country Narratives - Countries N Through Z"
236:
United Nations Treaty Collection website, Chapter XVIII Penal Matters section,
466:"One Woman's Crusade Against Human Trafficking on Nicaragua's Caribbean Coast"
153:
73:
751:
77:
35:
19:
364:"Central America arrests break up major human trafficking ring, police say"
106:
737:
113:
were destinations for foreign child sex tourists from the United States,
81:
449:
121:, and some travel agencies were reportedly complicit in promoting child
157:
89:
68:
within the country as well as in neighboring countries, most often to
114:
85:
31:
339:"Pandemic in slavery: the rising risk for Nicaraguans in Costa Rica"
491:"Strengthening Cooperation Ties in Nicaragua and Central America"
281:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
161:
514:
64:. Nicaraguan women and children were trafficked for commercial
101:
from neighboring countries for forced prostitution. Managua,
295:
Nicaragua, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
30:
In 2010 Nicaragua was a transit country for migrants from
140:
protect child labor has not yet been fully implemented.
368:
The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate
307:"Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements"
156:
prohibits trafficking in persons for the purposes of
263:. US Department of State. 2010-06-17. Archived from
745:
546:
44:
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
219:recorded a doubling of victims compared to 2018.
526:
8:
860:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
533:
519:
511:
228:
255:
253:
251:
249:
247:
7:
333:
331:
128:The U.S. placed the country at the
932:Human trafficking in North America
414:Trafficking in Persons Report 2023
49:for the second consecutive year.
14:
541:Human trafficking in the Americas
937:Human rights abuses in Nicaragua
736:
703:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
276:
56:in persons, specifically forced
450:Organised Crime Index website,
170:non-governmental organizations
1:
927:Human trafficking by country
454:, retrieved August 19, 2024
240:, retrieved August 19, 2024
958:
942:Crime in Nicaragua by type
878:
845:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
734:
865:Turks and Caicos Islands
412:US Government website,
780:British Virgin Islands
693:Saint Kitts and Nevis
98:production of coffee
25:2000 UN TIP Protocol
870:U.S. Virgin Islands
713:Trinidad and Tobago
558:Antigua and Barbuda
96:(especially in the
66:sexual exploitation
623:Dominican Republic
470:Global Communities
147:Prosecution (2010)
130:"Tier 2 Watchlist"
27:in October 2004.
914:
913:
343:Voz de Guanacaste
198:Prevention (2010)
181:Protection (2010)
134:COVID-19 pandemic
47:Tier 2 Watch List
949:
835:Saint Barthélemy
795:Falkland Islands
740:
535:
528:
521:
512:
505:
504:
502:
501:
487:
481:
480:
478:
477:
462:
456:
447:
441:
440:
438:
437:
423:
417:
409:
403:
402:
400:
399:
385:
379:
378:
376:
375:
360:
354:
353:
351:
350:
335:
326:
325:
323:
322:
313:. Archived from
303:
297:
292:
286:
280:
279:
275:
273:
272:
257:
242:
233:
111:San Juan del Sur
957:
956:
952:
951:
950:
948:
947:
946:
917:
916:
915:
910:
888:Central America
874:
749:
741:
732:
549:
542:
539:
509:
508:
499:
497:
489:
488:
484:
475:
473:
464:
463:
459:
452:Nicaragua: 2023
448:
444:
435:
433:
425:
424:
420:
410:
406:
397:
395:
387:
386:
382:
373:
371:
362:
361:
357:
348:
346:
337:
336:
329:
320:
318:
305:
304:
300:
293:
289:
277:
270:
268:
259:
258:
245:
234:
230:
225:
213:
211:New legislation
200:
183:
149:
12:
11:
5:
955:
953:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
919:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
901:
899:
897:
895:
890:
885:
879:
876:
875:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
850:Sint Eustatius
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
785:Cayman Islands
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
743:
742:
735:
733:
731:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
552:
544:
543:
540:
538:
537:
530:
523:
515:
507:
506:
482:
457:
442:
418:
404:
380:
355:
327:
298:
287:
243:
227:
226:
224:
221:
212:
209:
199:
196:
182:
179:
148:
145:
119:Western Europe
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
954:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
907:
906:
905:South America
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:North America
881:
880:
877:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:French Guiana
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
753:
748:
744:
739:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
718:United States
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
553:
551:
545:
536:
531:
529:
524:
522:
517:
516:
513:
496:
492:
486:
483:
471:
467:
461:
458:
455:
453:
446:
443:
432:
428:
422:
419:
416:
415:
408:
405:
394:
390:
384:
381:
369:
365:
359:
356:
344:
340:
334:
332:
328:
317:on 2017-06-28
316:
312:
311:www.state.gov
308:
302:
299:
296:
291:
288:
284:
283:public domain
267:on 2010-06-17
266:
262:
256:
254:
252:
250:
248:
244:
241:
239:
232:
229:
222:
220:
218:
210:
208:
204:
197:
195:
193:
187:
180:
178:
175:
171:
165:
163:
159:
155:
146:
144:
141:
137:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
48:
45:
39:
37:
33:
28:
26:
23:ratified the
22:
21:
16:
903:
855:Sint Maarten
840:Saint Martin
747:Dependencies
672:
498:. Retrieved
494:
485:
474:. Retrieved
472:. 2017-07-31
469:
460:
451:
445:
434:. Retrieved
430:
421:
413:
407:
396:. Retrieved
392:
383:
372:. Retrieved
370:. 2020-06-26
367:
358:
347:. Retrieved
345:. 2020-08-08
342:
319:. Retrieved
315:the original
310:
301:
290:
269:. Retrieved
265:the original
237:
231:
216:
214:
205:
201:
194:officials.
188:
184:
166:
150:
142:
138:
127:
62:forced labor
58:prostitution
51:
40:
29:
18:
17:
15:
825:Puerto Rico
752:territories
698:Saint Lucia
633:El Salvador
431:www.dol.gov
238:Section 12a
192:immigration
123:sex tourism
94:agriculture
70:El Salvador
54:trafficking
921:Categories
820:Montserrat
815:Martinique
810:Guadeloupe
608:Costa Rica
500:2020-12-16
476:2020-12-16
436:2020-12-16
398:2020-12-17
374:2020-12-17
349:2020-12-16
321:2017-12-01
271:2023-02-16
223:References
154:Penal Code
74:Costa Rica
893:Caribbean
805:Greenland
728:Venezuela
673:Nicaragua
643:Guatemala
563:Argentina
548:Sovereign
393:ReliefWeb
78:Guatemala
36:East Asia
20:Nicaragua
760:Anguilla
708:Suriname
683:Paraguay
658:Honduras
618:Dominica
603:Colombia
573:Barbados
82:Honduras
790:Curaçao
775:Bonaire
770:Bermuda
723:Uruguay
663:Jamaica
638:Grenada
628:Ecuador
583:Bolivia
568:Bahamas
495:ICCO EN
158:slavery
103:Granada
90:Managua
678:Panama
668:Mexico
648:Guyana
593:Canada
588:Brazil
578:Belize
550:states
117:, and
115:Canada
109:, and
107:EstelĂ
86:Mexico
32:Africa
765:Aruba
653:Haiti
598:Chile
830:Saba
750:and
688:Peru
613:Cuba
174:NGOs
162:rape
60:and
34:and
125:.
923::
493:.
468:.
429:.
391:.
366:.
341:.
330:^
309:.
246:^
164:.
105:,
84:,
80:,
76:,
72:,
534:e
527:t
520:v
503:.
479:.
439:.
401:.
377:.
352:.
324:.
285:.
274:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.