31:
206:
1126:
Csányi, B.; Bogácsi-Szabó, E.; Tömöry, Gy.; Czibula, Á.; Priskin, K.; Csõsz, A.; Mende, B.; Langó, P.; Csete, K.; Zsolnai, A.; Conant, E. K.; Downes, C. S.; Raskó, I. (1 July 2008). "Y-Chromosome
Analysis of Ancient Hungarian and Two Modern Hungarian-Speaking Populations from the Carpathian Basin".
939:
Maróti, Zoltán; Neparáczki, Endre; Schütz, Oszkár; Maár, Kitti; Varga, Gergely I.B.; Kovács, Bence; Kalmár, Tibor; Nyerki, Emil; Nagy, István; Latinovics, Dóra; Tihanyi, Balázs; Marcsik, Antónia; Pálfi, György; Bernert, Zsolt; Gallina, Zsolt; Horváth, Ciprián; Varga, Sándor; Költő, László; Raskó,
488:
had close contact before the former's migration west, as there are many parallels between old
Hungarian and Bashkir tribal names. Further, most of these names do not have such similarities with Central or Inner Asian languages, implying they may be a unique product of a local Bashkir-Magyar
940:
István; Nagy, Péter L.; Balogh, Csilla; Zink, Albert; Maixner, Frank; Götherström, Anders; George, Robert; Szalontai, Csaba; Szenthe, Gergely; Gáll, Erwin; Kiss, Attila P.; Gulyás, Bence; Kovacsóczy, Bernadett Ny.; Gál, Sándor Szilárd; Tomka, Péter; Török, Tibor (25 May 2022).
1100:
Juhász, Pamjav, Fehér, Csányi, Zink, Maixner, Pálfi, Molnár, Pap, Kustár, Révész, Raskó, Török (July 15, 2016). "Genetic structure of the early
Hungarian conquerors inferred from mtDNA haplotypes and Y‑chromosome haplogroups in a small cemetery]."
34:
The appearance of
Hungarian tribe names in settlement names. It suggests where arriving Hungarians lived amongst other peoples and helped in reconstructing where arriving tribes settled.
309:, before the arrival of the Huns to the Volga region in 370. The Huns integrated local tribes east of the Urals, among them Sarmatians and the ancestors of the Hungarian conquerors.
30:
865:
701:
168:
100:
159:" ("seven princely persons who are called Seven Magyars"). The word "Magyar" possibly comes from the name of the most prominent Hungarian tribe, called
297:. During the Iron Age, the Mansis migrated northward, while the ancestors of the Hungarian conquerors remained in the steppe-forest zone and
1105:
1180:
1185:
226:
187:
75:
809:
125:
of the
Hungarian tribal alliance, is uncertain. According to one view, following the description in the 13th-century chronicle,
822:
398:
746:, In: Béla Köpeczi, HISTORY OF TRANSYLVANIA Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606, Columbia University Press, New York, 2001,
751:
691:
317:
205:
1175:
642:
452:
during the joint military actions of the confederation. The joining of the three tribes to the previous seven created the
889:
638:
493:
293:. The ancestors of the Hungarian conquerors lived in the steppe zone during the Bronze Age together with the
662:
654:
650:
414:
210:
104:
290:
726:, főszerkesztő: Kristó, Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel, Pál és Makk, Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)
497:
268:
172:
866:"The Khanty and the Mansi, the Closest Linguistic Relatives of the Hungarians | Hungarian Conservative"
229:
941:
436:, but they were suppressed. After their defeat they left the Khazar Empire and voluntarily joined the
953:
711:
200:
365:
346:
835:
670:
287:
340:
1102:
977:
796:
477:
445:
181:
84:
673:
markers were found. However, a 2008 study done on 10th-century Magyar skeletons did find a few
1152:
1144:
1024:
1011:
998:
969:
851:
783:
747:
646:
298:
222:
176:
1049:
770:
1136:
961:
611:
410:
406:
127:
49:
1109:
852:
Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early
Hungarian history
784:
The history of the medieval world: from the conversion of
Constantine to the First Crusade
359:
351:
272:
257:
116:
823:
Toward an
Understanding of Europe: A Political Economic Précis of Continental Integration
191:
used "Ungari" in 881. The
English term "Hungarian" is a derivative of these Latin forms.
957:
666:
658:
615:
469:
425:
417:
swearing eternal loyalty to Álmos. Presumably, the Magyar tribes consisted of 108
276:
241:
1169:
1140:
981:
674:
473:
370:
328:
914:
657:. Burial samples of the Karos-Eperjesszög Magyars place them genetically closest to
294:
633:
people. Recent genetic research has shown that the first-generation Magyar core
264:
244:. Others propose a region of origin beyond the Ural Mountains, in southwestern
17:
965:
696:
626:
481:
449:
374:
302:
283:
214:
164:
96:
1148:
634:
490:
1156:
973:
1036:
706:
686:
485:
313:
122:
453:
433:
402:
322:
256:
embarked upon their independent existence, and the early period of the
253:
245:
440:
confederation. The three tribes were organised into one tribe, called
429:
279:
305:. Later, the ancestors of the Hungarian conquerors admixed with the
167:
as a whole. Written sources called
Magyars "Hungarians" before the
630:
441:
334:
237:
204:
152:
29:
418:
306:
95:
were the fundamental political units within whose framework the
942:"The genetic origin of Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians"
739:, főszerkesztő: Benda Kálmán (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1981)
737:
Magyarország Történeti Kronológiája I. – A kezdetektől 1526-ig
249:
67:
131:, the federation was called "Hetumoger" (modern Hungarian:
915:"Hungarian | History, Culture & Language | Britannica"
629:
comprised seven clans, and later three more clans made of
744:
Transylvania in the medieval Hungarian kingdom (896-1526)
64:
61:
58:
1014:, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2003, p. 15-29, p. 533
771:
The East-Central European region: an historical outline
1012:
The Hungarians: a thousand years of victory in defeat
76:
27:
Political units in the Hungarian tribal confederation
320:, was about 10 years old, the seven related tribes (
731:
A Kárpát-medence és a magyarság régmúltja (1301-ig)
468:Hungarian chroniclers of the 13th century spoke of
55:
52:
733:(Szegedi Középkortörténeti Könyvtár, Szeged, 1993)
597:Možeriane, Možarka, etc., (ethnonym, toponym etc.)
854:, Central European University Press, 1999, p. 319
890:"A magyarság nyugat-szibériai gyökerei nyomában"
500:have compared the following names to this end:
1001:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2009, pp. 163-164.
157:VII principales persone qui Hetumoger dicuntur
724:Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század)
480:were located there. It is theorized that the
8:
836:Hungary under the early Árpáds: 890s to 1063
232:, the locality in which the Hungarians, the
1050:Explosion: the Hungarian Revolution of 1956
810:The Magyars: the birth of a European nation
382:
179:used "Ungri" to refer to them in 837, the
136:
1025:Encyclopedia of European peoples, Volume 1
786:, W. W. Norton & Company, 2010, p. 586
702:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
101:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
1079:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
838:, Eastern European Monographs, 2002, p. 3
773:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999, p. 19
993:
991:
502:
428:tribes rebelled against the rule of the
103:and the subsequent establishment of the
1037:http://www.kislexikon.hu/hetmagyar.html
762:
669:to a limited degree, while no specific
846:
844:
121:The origin of the term "Hungary", the
444:, and later they played the roles of
282:-forest zone in present-day northern
7:
825:, Universal-Publishers, 2008, p. 358
797:Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, Volume 63
263:According to one genetic study, the
248:. Between the 8th and 5th centuries
163:, which became used to refer to the
1027:, Infobase Publishing, 2006, p. 508
645:and, as Magyars migrated westward,
25:
1114:Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
795:Gyula Decsy, A. J. Bodrogligeti,
286:, near remains of the Bronze Age
188:Annales ex Annalibus Iuvavensibus
1141:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00440.x
808:György Balázs, Károly Szelényi,
799:, Otto Harrassowitz, 1991, p. 99
476:) and reported that speakers of
169:conquest of the Carpathian Basin
48:
1116:. doi:10.1007/s00438-016-1267-z
1052:, Hippocrene Books, 2007, p. 69
1023:Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason,
399:Seven chieftains of the Magyars
236:group, emerged was between the
864:Zemplényi, Lili (2023-07-08).
692:Grand Prince of the Hungarians
586:Mišer-Yurmatı (of the Yurmatı)
318:Grand Prince of the Hungarians
1:
870:www.hungarianconservative.com
185:used "Ungri" in 862, and the
171:when they still lived on the
512:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
413:and Töhötöm, who all took a
99:(Magyars) lived, before the
1081:. Vol. 1. p. 245.
1064:The Migrations of the Oghuz
653:peoples and peoples of the
1202:
1181:Hungarian tribes and clans
424:Before 881 CE, three
401:, besides Álmos, included
198:
114:
1186:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
1091:Makkai 2001, pp. 415-416.
966:10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.093
312:Around 830 CE, when
1129:Annals of Human Genetics
267:groups were part of the
258:proto-Hungarian language
1062:Peter Benjamin Golden.
742:Makkai, László (2001).
663:south Caucasian peoples
105:Principality of Hungary
397:). Their leaders, the
291:archaeological culture
218:
88:
35:
1048:John P. C. Matthews,
812:, Corvina, 1989, p. 8
575:Tarxany (tribal name)
531:Yurmatı (tribal name)
208:
173:Pontic-Caspian Steppe
33:
1176:Hungarian prehistory
1077:Denis Sinor (1990).
999:The Jews of Khazaria
952:(13): 2858–2870.e7.
520:Negmen (tribal name)
201:Hungarian prehistory
958:2022CBio...32E2858M
834:Z. J. Kosztolnyik,
606:Social organization
564:Yulaman (clan name)
542:Yeney (tribal name)
223:Hungarian historian
1108:2018-07-19 at the
997:Kevin Alan Brook,
919:www.britannica.com
553:Kese (branch name)
219:
182:Annales Bertiniani
36:
1066:. pp. 65–67.
850:András Róna-Tas,
769:George H. Hodos,
712:Zoltán of Hungary
667:Western Europeans
603:
602:
271:societies in the
177:Georgius Monachus
16:(Redirected from
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534:Κουρτουγερμάτου
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128:Gesta Hungarorum
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273:late Bronze Age
269:Scytho-Siberian
230:András Róna-Tas
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175:. For example,
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117:Name of Hungary
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242:Ural Mountains
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392:Seven Magyars
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371:confederation
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146:seven Magyars
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923:. Retrieved
921:. 2024-01-31
918:
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898:. Retrieved
893:
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873:. Retrieved
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791:
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765:
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723:
639:Central Asia
625:
609:
494:Gyula Neméth
491:Turkologists
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1039:(Hungarian)
671:Finno-Ugric
489:symbiosis.
369:) formed a
350: [
288:Mezhovskaya
265:proto-Ugric
238:Volga River
1170:Categories
925:2024-02-10
900:2024-02-10
875:2024-02-10
758:References
752:0880334797
697:Hungarians
458:Ten Arrows
450:rear guard
415:blood oath
377:, called "
303:Sarmatians
284:Kazakhstan
234:Manicha-Er
211:blood oath
133:hét magyar
115:See also:
97:Hungarians
1149:1469-1809
982:246191357
677:samples.
661:, modern
635:gene pool
578:Ταριάνου
506:Hungarian
478:Hungarian
438:Hétmagyar
379:Hétmagyar
301:with the
155:phrase, "
111:Etymology
85:Hungarian
1157:18373723
1106:Archived
974:35617951
681:See also
655:Caucasus
651:European
622:Genetics
618:origin.
486:Bashkirs
472:(modern
446:vanguard
240:and the
227:linguist
123:ethnonym
954:Bibcode
718:Sources
647:admixed
627:Magyars
614:was of
589:Μεγέρη
583:Megyer/
528:Gyarmat
509:Bashkir
482:Magyars
454:On-ogur
434:Khazars
432:of the
409:, Tas,
405:, Ond,
386:
375:Etelköz
299:admixed
260:began.
254:Magyars
246:Siberia
215:Etelköz
195:History
140:
1155:
1147:
980:
972:
750:
675:Uralic
616:Turkic
594:Magyar
572:Tarján
567:Γυλᾶς
545:Γενάχ
464:Tribes
430:Khagan
426:Turkic
366:Tarján
363:, and
347:Megyer
295:Mansis
280:steppe
252:, the
161:Megyer
40:Magyar
978:S2CID
707:Ügyek
687:Álmos
631:Kabar
556:Καση
550:Keszi
523:Νέκη
442:Kabar
419:clans
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335:Keszi
314:Álmos
153:Latin
91:) or
1153:PMID
1145:ISSN
970:PMID
748:ISBN
539:Jenő
517:Nyék
496:and
484:and
448:and
411:Huba
407:Kond
403:Előd
383:lit.
360:Nyék
323:Jenő
307:Huns
225:and
209:The
137:lit.
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