965:
the postwar boundaries. Károlyi and
Berinkey concluded that they were not in a position to reject the note although they believed that accepting it would endanger Hungary's territorial integrity. On 21 March, Károlyi informed the Council of Ministers that only Social Democrats could form a new government, as they were the party with the highest public support in the largest cities and especially in Budapest. To form a governing coalition, the Social Democrats started secret negotiations with the Communist leaders, who were still imprisoned, and decided to merge their two parties under the name of the Hungarian Socialist Party. President Károlyi, who was an outspoken anticommunist, was not informed about the merger. Thus, he swore in what he believed to be a Social Democratic government, only to find himself faced with one dominated by Communists. Károlyi resigned on 21 March. Béla Kun and his fellow communists were released from the Margit Ring prison on the night of 20 March. The liberal president Károlyi was arrested by the new Communist government on the first day; in July, he managed to make his escape and flee to Paris.
949:
674:
of the new executive to profoundly change the lifestyle and the system of values of the population proved to be a resounding failure; After the withdrawal from
Slovakia, the application of some measures aimed at regaining popular support was ordered, but without great success; in particular, the ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages was repealed, and attempts were made to improve the monetary situation and food supply. Unable to apply these policies effectively, the republic had already lost the support of the majority of the population between June and July, which led, together with the military defeats, to its downfall. The failure of internal reform was compounded by the political and economic isolation imposed on Hungary by the Triple Entente, the military failures against neighboring countries, and the impossibility of joining forces with the
1268:
1438:
sacrificing
Hungarian national interests. The Hungarian patriots in the Red Army and the professional military officers saw this as a betrayal, and their support for the government began to erode (the communists and their government supported the establishment of the Slovak Communist state, while the Hungarian patriots wanted to keep the reoccupied territories for Hungary). Despite a series of military victories against the Czechoslovak army, the Hungarian Red Army started to disintegrate due to tension between nationalists and communists during the establishment of the Slovak Soviet Republic. The concession eroded support of the communist government among professional military officers and nationalists in the Hungarian Red Army; even the
917:, which never came, against non-communist Romanian, Czechoslovak, French and Yugoslav forces. During the following months, the Communist party's power-base rapidly expanded. Its supporters began to stage aggressive demonstrations against the media and against the Social Democratic Party. The Communists considered the Social Democrats as their main rivals, because the Social Democrats recruited their political supporters from the same social class: the industrial working class of the cities. In one crucial incident, a demonstration turned violent on 20 February and the protesters attacked the editorial office of the Social Democratic Party of Hungary's official newspaper called
544:
519:
76:
1566:
1453:. The Hungarian Soviet found it increasingly difficult to fight Romania with its small force of communist volunteers from Budapest, and support for both the war and the Communist party was waning at home. After the demoralizing retreat from northern Hungary (later part of Czechoslovakia), only the most dedicated Hungarian Communists volunteered for combat, and the Romanian Army broke through the weak lines of the Hungarian Red Army on 30 July.
1001:
1304:
894:, KMP). The name was chosen instead of the Hungarian Communist Party because the vast majority of supporters were from the urban industrial working class in Hungary which at the time was largely made up of people from non-Hungarian ethnic backgrounds, with ethnic Hungarians a minority in the new party itself. The party recruited members while propagating its ideas, radicalising many members of the
1580:
90:
1382:
171:
1534:, the founder of the country's National Trade Union of Actors (the world's first film actor's union), managed to escape. Most were later released to the Soviet Union by amnesty during the reign of Horthy, after a prisoner exchange agreement between Hungary and the Russian Soviet government in 1921. In all, about 415 prisoners were released as a result of this agreement.
834:, on 2 November 1918. Due to the unilateral disarmament of its army, Hungary was to remain without a national defence at a time of particular vulnerability. The Hungarian self-disarmament made the occupation of Hungary directly possible for the relatively small armies of Romania, the Franco-Serbian army and the armed forces of the newly established Czechoslovakia.
1457:
875:
636:. A small volunteer army was organized mostly from Budapest factory workers and attempts were made to recover the territories lost to neighboring countries, an objective that had widespread support from many working class people in some larger cities, not only those favorable to the new regime. Initially, thanks to patriotic support from
1449:, Kun withdrew his remaining military units who had remained loyal after the political fiasco in Upper Hungary; however, following the Red Army's retreat from the north, the Romanian forces were not pulled back. Kun then unsuccessfully tried to turn the remaining units of the demoralized Hungarian Red Army on the Romanians with
1471:, the former Commissar for Culture and noted Marxist philosopher, remaining to organise an underground Communist party. Before they fled to Vienna, Kun and his followers took along numerous art treasures and the gold stocks of the National Bank. The Budapest Workers' Soviet elected a new government, headed by
1362:
1335:
conflicts with the local population, some of which turned violent. The situation of the
Hungarian Communists began to deteriorate in the capital city Budapest after a failed coup by the Social Democrats on 24 June; the newly composed Communist government of Sándor Garbai resorted to large-scale reprisals.
992:. On 23 March, Lenin gave an order to Béla Kun that Social Democrats must be removed from power, so that Hungary could be transformed into a socialist state ruled by a "dictatorship of the proletariat". Accordingly, the Communists started to purge the Social Democrats from the government on the next day.
1299:
powers in an effort to gain back some of the lands that
Hungary was set to lose in the post-war negotiations. The Communists remained bitterly unpopular in the Hungarian countryside, where the authority of that government was often nonexistent. The Communist party and their policies had real popular
1084:
The government was formally led by Sándor Garbai, but Kun, as the
Commissar of Foreign Affairs, held the real power because only Kun had the acquaintance and friendship with Lenin. He was the only person in the government who met and talked to the Bolshevik leader during the Russian Revolution, and
673:
The
Hungarian heads of government applied controversial doctrinal measures in both foreign (internationalism instead of national interests during wartime) and domestic policy (planned economy and heightened class struggle) that made them lose the favor of the majority of the population. The attempt
964:
proved fatal to the government, which was by then devoid of significant support. Károlyi and
Berinkey had been placed in an untenable situation when they received a note from Paris ordering Hungarian troops to further withdraw their lines. It was widely assumed that the new military lines would be
1405:
In late May, after the
Entente military representative demanded more territorial concessions from Hungary, Kun attempted to fulfill his promise to adhere to Hungary's historical borders. The men of the Hungarian Red Army were recruited from the volunteers of the Budapest proletariat. In June, the
619:
failed in its objectives and was abolished a few months after its existence. Its main figure was the
Communist Béla Kun, despite the fact that in the first days the majority of the new government consisted of radical Social Democrats. The new system effectively concentrated power in the governing
1437:
After the proclamation of the Slovak Soviet Republic, the Hungarian nationalists and patriots soon realized that the new communist government had no intention of recapturing the lost territories, only in spreading communist ideology and the establishment of other communist states in Europe, thus
858:. During the rule of Károlyi's pacifist cabinet, Hungary lost control over approximately 75% of its former pre-World War I territories (325,411 km²) without armed resistance and was subject to foreign occupation. For their part, the neighboring countries used the so-called "struggle against
1334:
movements were suspected to operate. The Lenin Boys as well as other similar groups and agitators killed and terrorised many people (e.g. armed with hand grenades and using their rifles' butts they disbanded religious ceremonies). They executed victims without trial, and this caused a number of
1275:
This government consisted of a coalition of socialists and communists, but with the exception of Kun, all commissars were former social democrats. Under the rule of Kun, the new government, which had adopted in full the program of the Communists, decreed the abolition of aristocratic titles and
656:
was proclaimed, which lasted two weeks until a Hungarian withdrawal at the request of the Triple Entente. Later that month, there was an attempted coup by the Social Democrats of Budapest, which was retaliated by the communist government. On 20 July, the republic launched a new attack on the
665:
river. After a few days of the Hungarian advance, the Romanians managed to stop the offensive and break through the Hungarian lines. Kun and most of the government fled to Vienna. The Social-Democrat–Communist government was succeeded by an exclusively Social Democratic one on 1 August. The
151:
148:
1267:
139:
156:
159:
158:
157:
143:
769:
forces. It is often referred to as the Hungarian Soviet Republic in English sources, but this is a mistranslation: the literal translation is "Republic of Councils in Hungary"; this was chosen to avoid any strong Hungarian ethnic connotation, and to express the
146:
155:
147:
149:
142:
141:
980:(soviets) from which it took its name, the newly united Socialist Party created a government called the Revolutionary Governing Council, which proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic and dismissed President Károlyi on 21 March. In a radio dispatch to the
154:
152:
150:
140:
138:
145:
153:
144:
160:
931:, and closed down the party's buildings. The arrests were particularly violent, with police officers openly beating the communists. This resulted in a wave of public sympathy for the party among the masses of Budapester proletariat. On 1 March,
631:
The new Communist government failed to reach an agreement with the Triple Entente that would lead to the lifting of the economic blockade, the improvement of the new borders or the recognition of the new government by the victorious powers of
1366:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1369:
837:
On the request of the Austro-Hungarian government, an armistice was granted to Austria-Hungary on 3 November by the Allies. Military and political events changed rapidly and drastically thereafter. On 5 November, the
4576:
1367:
1545:
of the late 1930s in the Soviet Union, to which they had fled in the 1920s. Rákosi, one of the survivors of the soviet republic, would go on to be the first leader of the second and longer-lasting attempt at a
935:
was given permission to publish again, and the Communist party's premises were re-opened. The leaders were permitted to receive guests in prison, which allowed them to keep up with political affairs.
909:) and concentrated on attacking Károlyi's liberal government. The party became popular among the Budapest proletariat, it also promised that Hungary would be able to defend its territory even without
3565:
1439:
1291:
The Communist government also nationalized industrial and commercial enterprises and socialized housing, transport, banking, medicine, cultural institutions, and all landholdings of more than 40
948:
886:
had been organized in a hotel on 4 November 1918, when a group of former Hungarian prisoners of war and other communist proponents formed a Central Committee in the downtown of Moscow. Led by
1295:. Public support for the Communists was also heavily dependent on their promise of restoring Hungary's former borders. The government took steps toward normalizing foreign relations with the
2332:
Borsanyi, Gyorgy, The life of a Communist revolutionary, Bela Kun, translated by Mario Fenyo; Social Science Monographs, Boulder, Colorado; Columbia University Press, New York, 1993, p. 178.
2633:
2870:
Borsanyi, Gyorgy, The life of a Communist revolutionary, Bela Kun, translated by Mario Fenyo; Social Science Monographs, Boulder, Colorado; Columbia University Press, New York, 1993, p205.
136:
2587:
1356:
750:
968:
For the Social Democrats, an alliance with the KMP not only increased their standing with the industrial working class but also gave them a potential link to the increasingly powerful
4208:
2798:
2755:
5483:
4213:
890:, the inner circle of the freshly established party returned to Budapest from Moscow on 16 November. On 24 November, they created the Party of Communists from Hungary (Hungarian:
5478:
2705:
2404:
1343:, and greatly reduced domestic support for the government even among the working classes of the highly industrialized suburb districts and metropolitan area of Budapest.
1300:
support among only the proletarian masses of large industrial centers, especially in Budapest, where the working class represented a high proportion of the inhabitants.
862:", first against the capitalist and liberal government of Count Mihály Károlyi and later against the soviet republic of communist Bela Kun, as a justification for their
3558:
5463:
4674:
4759:
4566:
2890:
2299:
2951:
4402:
898:
in the process. By February 1919, the party numbered 30,000 to 40,000 members, including many unemployed ex-soldiers, young intellectuals and ethnic minorities.
4854:
250:
5443:
4451:
4015:
1365:
137:
5473:
3551:
4664:
4344:
2999:
927:). In the ensuing chaos, seven people, some policemen, were killed. The government arrested the leaders of the Communist party, banned its daily newspaper
988:
had been established in Hungary and asked for a treaty of alliance with the Russian SFSR. The Russian SFSR refused because it was itself tied down in the
5433:
4829:
5488:
4596:
4331:
4734:
4699:
4648:
4433:
5428:
4081:
3817:
2613:
2159:
1478:
In the power vacuum created by the fall of the soviet republic and the presence of the Romanian Army, semi-regular detachments (technically under
814:
still had more than 1,400,000 soldiers when Mihály Károlyi was announced as prime minister of Hungary. Károlyi yielded to United States president
231:
3613:
1717:
2567:
4722:
4356:
4249:
4086:
3918:
3593:
4694:
3357:
3317:
3298:
3201:
3174:
3155:
3136:
3117:
2671:
2233:
2185:
758:
2782:
4093:
3947:
3242:
2735:
969:
4571:
4546:
2845:
2531:
2492:
2450:
2390:
World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
2362:
2056:
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3786:
3781:
1352:
766:
5418:
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4428:
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in the east. Despite promises for the restoration of the former borders of Hungary, the Communists declared the establishment of the
4714:
4541:
4361:
4284:
2839:
2792:
2749:
2627:
2581:
2525:
2486:
2444:
2398:
2356:
2135:
2087:
2050:
2011:
1789:
348:
4521:
4446:
4326:
3450:
Béla Kun and the Hungarian Soviet Republic: The Origins and Role of the Communist Party of Hungary in the Revolutions of 1918–1919.
2695:
2699:
4601:
4412:
4008:
3899:
2388:
1336:
75:
2701:
Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae, Sectio philosophica et sociologica, Volumes 13–15
615:
of Hungary, in dispute with neighboring countries over territorial disputes, and beset by profound internal social changes, the
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2973:
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1551:
985:
3962:
1375:
4822:
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883:
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via radiotelegraph. It was Lenin who gave the direct orders and advice to Béla Kun via constant radio communication with the
604:
4628:
4478:
4311:
4239:
2017:
33:
2880:
5448:
4638:
4536:
4316:
2291:
2947:
1613:
4682:
4381:
4371:
4140:
3184:
Mocsy, Istvan I. (1983). "The Uprooted: Hungarian Refugees and Their Impact on Hungary's Domestic Politics, 1918–1921".
1598:
1339:
ordered executions of people who were suspected of having been involved in the attempted coup. This became known as the
1327:
771:
381:
111:
3952:
4727:
4407:
4001:
3738:
2225:
4779:
4633:
3957:
3849:
3807:
658:
474:
4493:
4376:
4175:
3733:
3728:
3710:
3618:
3521:(1/4). Budapest: Institute of History, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences: 182–184.
1467:
Béla Kun, together with other high-ranking Communists, fled to Vienna on 1 August with only a minority, including
4815:
4616:
3639:
811:
3942:
3659:
3003:
2082:. CHSP Hungarian Studies Series – East European Monographs. Vol. 3. Social Science Monographs. p. 62.
810:
became its president. Károlyi struggled to establish the government's authority and to control the country. The
89:
5438:
4838:
4687:
4611:
4244:
4145:
3977:
3771:
2831:
1593:
799:
695:
577:
537:
524:
690:
When the Republic of Councils in Hungary was established in 1919, it controlled about 23% of the territory of
4551:
4321:
4056:
3844:
3755:
3649:
1220:
After the declaration of the constitution changes took place in the commissariat. The new ministries were:
4769:
4764:
4704:
4155:
4098:
4044:
4039:
3864:
3834:
3743:
1491:
1427:
1089:
via radio communication. The ministries, often rotated among the various members of the government, were:
653:
198:
2186:"Trianon volt az utolsó csepp – A Magyar Királyság sorsa már jóval a békeszerződés aláírása előtt eldőlt"
1319:
1225:
666:
communists left Budapest and went abroad. Despite the opposition from the Entente, the Romanians entered
4279:
4150:
3859:
3644:
1331:
32:
This article is about the short-lived 1919 socialist state in Hungary. For Communist-ruled Hungary, see
2655:
2148:
3327:
Völgyes, Iván (1970). "The Hungarian Dictatorship of 1919: Russian Example versus Hungarian Reality".
1725:
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5317:
5312:
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5287:
5282:
5269:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4798:
4774:
4531:
4441:
4264:
4192:
4160:
4110:
4105:
3982:
3802:
3748:
3674:
3588:
3367:
Zsuppán, Ferenc Tibor (June 1965). "The Early Activities of the Hungarian Communist Party, 1918–19".
2426:
2342:
1608:
1482:'s command, but mostly independent in practice) initiated a campaign of violence against communists,
1340:
1179:
1061:
807:
1135:
1057:
4561:
4269:
4120:
4073:
4061:
3705:
3679:
3669:
3438:
1693:
1318:
The Hungarian government was left on its own, and a Red Guard was established under the command of
1281:
1161:
1105:
977:
2193:
1527:
1503:
1495:
1494:. Many supporters of the Hungarian Soviet Republic were executed without trial; others, including
1460:
1418:. The Hungarian Red Army achieved some military success early on: under the leadership of Colonel
1255:
1251:
1188:
1171:
1123:
1109:
1065:
1049:
1037:
1033:
4556:
4135:
4125:
3972:
3654:
3530:
3384:
3256:
3248:
3207:
3096:
3088:
3059:
2885:
1669:
1653:
1641:
1407:
1157:
855:
754:
738:
691:
589:
585:
310:
285:
176:
128:
56:
17:
3042:
Balogh, Eva S. (March 1976). "The Hungarian Social Democratic Centre and the Fall of Béla Kun".
1523:
1511:
1419:
1244:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1117:
1045:
1041:
1021:
765:. It ended on 1 August when Hungarians sent representatives to negotiate their surrender to the
3021:
Balogh, Eva S. (1975). "Romanian and Allied Involvement in the Hungarian Coup d'Etat of 1919".
2556:, Center for Slavic and East European Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1971, p. 68.
2105:
Defeat and Disarmament, Allied Diplomacy and Politics of Military Affairs in Austria, 1918–1922
1445:
When the French promised the Hungarian government that Romanian forces would withdraw from the
4709:
4463:
4351:
4229:
4130:
3912:
3879:
3829:
3623:
3603:
3522:
3376:
3353:
3336:
3313:
3294:
3277:
3238:
3197:
3170:
3151:
3132:
3113:
3030:
2835:
2825:
2788:
2745:
2731:
2677:
2667:
2623:
2577:
2521:
2515:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2440:
2430:
2394:
2384:
2352:
2346:
2261:
2229:
2131:
2125:
2083:
2046:
2040:
2007:
1785:
1537:
Kun himself, along with an unknown number of other Hungarian communists, were executed during
1285:
1113:
1069:
989:
957:
847:
679:
612:
2219:
2103:
2003:
1775:
4254:
3937:
3228:
3189:
3080:
3051:
2436:
1571:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1479:
1237:
1214:
1194:
1127:
1093:
1077:
1005:
803:
775:
705:
621:
597:
593:
565:
367:
297:
3473:'White Misrule': Terror and Political Violence During Hungary's Long World War I, 1919–1924
1000:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5297:
5264:
5259:
5234:
5229:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4296:
3854:
3433:
Hungary between Wilson and Lenin: The Hungarian Revolution of 1918–1919 and the Big Three.
2112:
1547:
1303:
791:
742:
730:
616:
573:
391:
307:
81:
1519:
1468:
1446:
1394:
1233:
1151:
1099:
1053:
2977:
4669:
4234:
3839:
3812:
3695:
1585:
1386:
1296:
1210:
1175:
1167:
1029:
1017:
1013:
973:
831:
827:
815:
762:
719:
694:'s previous pre-World War I territories (325,411 km). It was the successor of the
641:
608:
3493:
3457:
Painting the Town Red: Politics and the Arts During the 1919 Hungarian Soviet Republic
2950:. Library of Congress Country Studies. September 1989. Republished at geographic.com.
2784:
Revolutions and Interventions in Hungary and Its Neighbor States, 1918–1919, Volume 20
5412:
4749:
4503:
4259:
4170:
4049:
3260:
3100:
1689:
1538:
1423:
1415:
1204:
1200:
1025:
851:
806:. The official proclamation of the republic was on 16 November and the liberal Count
734:
645:
625:
2912:
1475:, which lasted only a few days before Romanian forces entered Budapest on 6 August.
1271:
An automobile loaded with communists dashing through streets of Budapest, March 1919
4643:
4623:
4165:
3055:
2857:
2810:
2767:
2717:
1398:
1229:
1073:
981:
910:
863:
839:
637:
4807:
3543:
2221:
Michael Polanyi and His Generation: Origins of the Social Construction of Science
1997:
1288:, and implemented free education and language and cultural rights to minorities.
135:
4483:
4468:
4115:
3471:
2619:
2609:
2215:
1542:
1531:
1472:
1390:
1374:
Mass celebration of the Hungarian Red Army's march to Kassa (Košice) during the
1307:
1009:
919:
887:
843:
715:
633:
600:
337:
1381:
3407:
translated by Mario Fenyo, Boulder, Colorado: Social Science Monographs, 1993.
2881:"Find Red Leaders' Loot.; Bela Kun and Szamuely Hid Valuables They Had Stolen"
2663:
1603:
1561:
1323:
823:
746:
581:
235:
3526:
3380:
3340:
3281:
3084:
3034:
2260:
E. Raffay, Trianon Titkai (Secrets of Trianon), Szikra Press, Budapest 1990 (
1330:. This detachment was deployed at various locations around the country where
265:
252:
4024:
2741:
2573:
2517:
Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
2432:
The Algebra of Revolution: The Dialectic and the Classical Marxist Tradition
1685:
859:
576:
that existed from 21 March 1919 to 1 August 1919 (133 days), succeeding the
170:
3412:
Revolution in Perspective: Essays on the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919.
2681:
2127:
The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking after the First World War, 1919–1923
1431:
644:
in north Hungary, after suffering a defeat in the east at the hands of the
3129:
Revolution in Perspective: Essays on the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919
2554:
Revolution in perspective: essays on the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919
1456:
1422:, it ousted Czech troops from the north, and planned to march against the
878:
Hungarian communist propaganda poster from 1919 reads: "To Arms! To Arms!"
584:
which, at its time of establishment, controlled approximately only 23% of
4754:
4185:
3905:
3664:
3071:
Bodo, Bela (October 2010). "Hungarian Aristocracy and the White Terror".
1483:
1411:
961:
914:
819:
795:
710:
675:
667:
3534:
3268:
Szilassy, Sándor (1969). "Hungary at the Brink of the Cliff 1918–1919".
3092:
3063:
4842:
4498:
3993:
3388:
3310:
Tangible Belonging: Negotiating Germanness in Twentieth-Century Hungary
3252:
3211:
1777:
Tangible Belonging: Negotiating Germanness in Twentieth-Century Hungary
1292:
1086:
874:
723:
700:
292:
972:, as Kun had strong ties with prominent Russian Bolsheviks. Following
4274:
4066:
956:
On 20 March, Károlyi announced that the government of Prime Minister
3233:
3220:
3193:
2937:
Ignác Romsics: Magyarország története a XX. században, 2004, p. 134.
1004:
The government of the Hungarian Soviet Republic from left to right:
4488:
4458:
2976:. Armed Conflict Events Database. 16 December 2000. Archived from
2080:
Dismantling of Historic Hungary: The Peace Treaty of Trianon, 1920
1455:
1380:
1360:
1302:
1266:
999:
947:
873:
698:
and lasted from 21 March to 1 August of the same year. Though the
662:
649:
3513:
Tokody, Gyula (1982). "Review of The Hungarian Soviet Republic".
1406:
Hungarian Red Army invaded the eastern part of the newly forming
4473:
4397:
4339:
4811:
3997:
3547:
3424:
Bela Menczer, "Bela Kun and the Hungarian Revolution of 1919,"
2348:
Dreamland: Europeans and Jews in the Aftermath of the Great War
572:
due to an early mistranslation in the press) was a short-lived
2615:
Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and Its Culture
1967:
1965:
1963:
1487:
2478:
A Shattered Peace: Versailles 1919 and the Price We Pay Today
1096:
president and prime minister of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
1938:
1936:
1866:
1864:
952:
Proclamation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, 21 March 1919
913:. Kun promised military help and intervention of the Soviet
648:
in late April, which led to a retreat on the banks of the
197: Subsequently controlled by Hungary to establish the
1247:– commissars of internal affairs, railways and navigation
607:
was much stronger. Unable to reach an agreement with the
1907:
1905:
1903:
1757:
1755:
1646:
Magyarországi Szocialista Szövetséges Tanácsköztársaság
830:. This happened under the direction of Minister of War
50:
Magyarországi Szocialista Szövetséges Tanácsköztársaság
1815:
1813:
704:
leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic was president
580:. The Hungarian Soviet Republic was a small communist
1632:
Kun officially held the position of foreign minister.
1530:, were imprisoned by trial ("comissar suits"). Actor
1322:. In addition, a group of 200 armed men known as the
976:'s model but without the direct participation of the
640:
officers, the republican forces advanced against the
3421:
Stanford University: Hoover Institution Press, 1979.
2824:
Sugar, Peter F.; Hanák, Péter; Frank, Tibor (1994).
1397:(left to right). The monument is now located at the
1357:
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)
682:
contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Republic.
562:
Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary
45:
Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary
4657:
4589:
4514:
4421:
4390:
4304:
4293:
4222:
4201:
4032:
3928:
3892:
3795:
3764:
3721:
3688:
3632:
3581:
3414:
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1971.
2552:Janos, Andrew C. & Slottman, William (editors)
1326:formed a mobile detachment under the leadership of
488:
471:
461:
451:
441:
431:
421:
411:
401:
387:
377:
361:
347:
331:
316:
303:
291:
281:
242:
227:
43:
3487:– via Electronic Theses & Dissertations.
3445:Budapest: Central European University Press, 2012.
3148:The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825–1945
2192:(in Hungarian). Mediaworks Hungary. Archived from
1999:The Great Globe Itself: A Preface to World Affairs
850:crossed the northern borders. On 13 November, the
2351:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 409.
749:to power. The Hungarian Republic of Councils had
3410:Andrew C. Janos and William Slottman (editors),
2569:Eastern Europe 1740–1985: Feudalism to Communism
798:monarchy collapsed in 1918, and the independent
3515:Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
3443:A Communist Odyssey: The Life of József Pogány.
3405:The life of a Communist revolutionary, Bela Kun
3127:Janos, Andrew C.; Slottman, William B. (1971).
1442:Aurél Stromfeld, resigned his post in protest.
846:, crossed southern borders. On 8 November, the
48:
206: Controlled by French and Yugoslav forces
5484:States and territories disestablished in 1919
4823:
4009:
3559:
3350:Hungary in Revolution, 1918–1919: Nine Essays
433:• National Assembly of Soviets convenes
8:
3428:vol. 19, no. 5 (May 1969), pp. 299–309.
1971:
1942:
1927:
1894:
1870:
1843:
1692:but without the direct participation of the
782:World War I and the First Hungarian Republic
733:in the world to be formed, preceded only by
3435:Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1976.
714:power was in the hands of foreign minister
5479:States and territories established in 1919
4830:
4816:
4808:
4654:
4511:
4301:
4016:
4002:
3994:
3718:
3566:
3552:
3544:
2787:. Social Science Monographs. p. 441.
1385:Leaders of the Hungarian Soviet Republic:
169:
40:
3232:
2737:The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions
2704:(in Hungarian). Universita. p. 141.
1718:"A magyar büntetőjog kézikönyve IV. rész"
349:Chairman of the Central Executive Council
185: Controlled by Romania in April 1919
3419:Communism in Hungary: From Kun to Kádár.
1882:
624:, which exercised it in the name of the
5464:Former countries of the interwar period
3818:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic
3293:. Aston Park, Florida: Danubian Press.
3165:Király, Béla K.; Pastor, Peter (1988).
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2115:. Associated University Presses. p. 34.
1983:
1954:
1761:
1746:
1708:
1625:
1314:leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
1185:Béla Kun – commissar of foreign affairs
3919:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
3167:War and Society in East Central Europe
2481:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 193.
2320:
1923:
1819:
1696:(soviets) from which it took its name.
1213:– commissar for socialism, later also
960:would resign. The presentation of the
670:, the Hungarian capital, on 4 August.
29:1919 socialist state in Central Europe
3369:The Slavonic and East European Review
2974:""White Terror" in Hungary 1919–1921"
2919:from the original on 26 February 2009
2893:from the original on 10 November 2012
1911:
1831:
759:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
718:, who maintained direct contact with
470:
460:
450:
440:
430:
420:
410:
400:
396:
360:
356:
346:
330:
326:
315:
7:
3948:Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
2948:"Hungary: Hungarian Soviet Republic"
2165:from the original on 3 November 2020
1855:
970:Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5444:Aftermath of World War I in Hungary
3701:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
3110:Hungarian Foreign Policy, 1919–1945
1347:Foreign policy scandal and downfall
1240:– commissars of economic production
854:crossed the eastern borders of the
3870:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
3479:(PhD). Central European University
3312:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
3221:"Hungary Between Wilson and Lenin"
3131:. University of California Press.
3050:(1). Taylor & Francis: 15–35.
2954:from the original on 26 April 2014
2848:from the original on 17 March 2023
2801:from the original on 17 March 2023
2758:from the original on 17 March 2023
2708:from the original on 17 March 2023
2636:from the original on 17 March 2023
2590:from the original on 17 March 2023
2534:from the original on 17 March 2023
2495:from the original on 17 March 2023
2453:from the original on 17 March 2023
2407:from the original on 17 March 2023
2365:from the original on 17 March 2023
2302:from the original on 28 March 2019
2242:from the original on 17 March 2023
2059:from the original on 17 March 2023
2020:from the original on 17 March 2023
1798:from the original on 17 March 2023
896:Social Democratic Party of Hungary
463:• People's Republic restored
191: Controlled by Soviet Hungary
25:
5434:1919 disestablishments in Hungary
3079:(4). SAGE Publications: 703–724.
1401:open-air museum outside Budapest.
18:Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919
5489:Territorial evolution of Hungary
3825:West Ukrainian People's Republic
3500:(131). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
3352:. University of Nebraska Press.
2149:"Armistice with Austria-Hungary"
1578:
1564:
901:Kun founded a newspaper, called
892:Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja
870:Formation of the Communist Party
787:Political and military situation
661:who were deep in Hungary at the
652:. In mid-June, the birth of the
542:
517:
413:• Provisional constitution
219: Borders of Hungary in 1920
213: Borders of Hungary in 1918
133:
107:Világ proletárjai, egyesüljetek!
88:
74:
3968:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
3594:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
3494:"The Hungarian Soviet Republic"
3291:Revolutionary Hungary 1918–1921
3073:Journal of Contemporary History
1658:Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság
1650:Republic of Councils in Hungary
1258:– commissars of Foreign Affairs
986:dictatorship of the proletariat
175:Map of territory of the former
5474:Hungary–Soviet Union relations
5429:1919 establishments in Hungary
4522:Azerbaijan People's Government
3874:(Russian Civil War spill over)
3575:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
3150:. Princeton University Press.
3056:10.1080/00085006.1976.11091436
3002:(in Hungarian). Archived from
2913:"Magyar Tudomány 2000. január"
2130:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 156.
1782:University of Pittsburgh Press
1722:A magyar büntetőjog kézikönyve
1451:Hungarian-Romanian War of 1919
1353:Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919
1278:separation of church and state
1085:Kun kept the contact with the
884:Party of Communists in Hungary
605:Party of Communists in Hungary
443:• Permanent constitution
1:
3508:– via Internet Archive.
3452:New York: F.A. Praeger, 1967.
3169:. Columbia University Press.
2184:Agárdy, Csaba (6 June 2016).
1197:– commissar of German affairs
1599:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
1552:People's Republic of Hungary
984:, Kun informed Lenin that a
772:proletarian internationalist
382:National Assembly of Soviets
112:Workers of the world, unite!
4562:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
3908:and Transylvania to Romania
3470:Gioielli, Emily R. (2015).
2514:Timothy C. Dowling (2014).
2292:"Hungarian Soviet Republic"
2226:University of Chicago Press
1996:Berger, Arthur Asa (2017).
1120:– commissars of agriculture
812:Hungarian Royal Honvéd army
596:, but the influence of the
588:'s historic territory. The
34:Hungarian People's Republic
5505:
5469:Former socialist republics
5459:Former countries in Europe
3963:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
3729:Republic of German-Austria
3711:Italian Regency of Carnaro
3660:Berthelot-Apáthy Agreement
3619:1920 Carinthian plebiscite
2662:(in Hungarian). Budapest:
2158:. United States Congress.
2045:. Routledge. p. 190.
1674:Magyar Szovjet-köztársaság
1440:chief of the general staff
1376:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
1350:
31:
5419:Hungarian Soviet Republic
5278:
4850:
4796:
3777:Hungarian Soviet Republic
3640:Armistice of Villa Giusti
3308:Swanson, John C. (2017).
3289:Szilassy, Sándor (1971).
3146:Janos, Andrew C. (1981).
2520:. ABC-CLIO. p. 447.
2393:. ABC-CLIO. p. 867.
1182:– commissars of education
1102:commissar of the interior
570:Hungarian Soviet Republic
496:
484:
397:
373:
357:
343:
327:
168:
118:
102:
70:
65:
3978:Uprising in West Hungary
3850:Slovak People's Republic
3808:Banat, Bačka and Baranja
3772:First Hungarian Republic
3186:East European Monographs
3085:10.1177/0022009410375255
3044:Canadian Slavonic Papers
3000:"2000 – Bűn És Bűnhődés"
2832:Indiana University Press
2696:Eötvös Loránd University
2039:Kitchen, Martin (2014).
2002:. Routledge. p. 85–
1972:Király & Pastor 1988
1943:Király & Pastor 1988
1928:Király & Pastor 1988
1895:Király & Pastor 1988
1871:Király & Pastor 1988
1844:Király & Pastor 1988
1774:John C. Swanson (2017).
1614:Revolutions of 1917–1923
1594:Aftermath of World War I
1414:), the former so-called
882:An initial nucleus of a
826:self-disarmament of the
800:First Hungarian Republic
696:First Hungarian Republic
578:First Hungarian Republic
538:First Hungarian Republic
525:First Hungarian Republic
423:• Soviet elections
66:21 March – 1 August 1919
4572:North Korea (1947–1948)
4567:North Korea (1946–1947)
3953:Polish–Czechoslovak War
3845:Republic of Heinzenland
3756:First Austrian Republic
3329:East European Quarterly
3225:East European Monograph
3023:East European Quarterly
2102:Dixon, John C. (1986).
2078:Romsics, Ignác (2002).
2042:Europe Between the Wars
1526:, Sándor Szabados, and
1337:Revolutionary tribunals
1207:– commissars of Finance
1148:– commissars of Justice
1138:– commissars of Defense
842:, with the help of the
678:because of the ongoing
5454:Early Soviet republics
4294:Current and historical
3958:Hungarian–Romanian War
3865:Slovak Soviet Republic
3835:Republic of Tarnobrzeg
3744:Bohemian Forest Region
3650:Hodža-Bartha Agreement
3624:1921 Sopron plebiscite
3614:Paris Peace Conference
3348:Völgyes, Iván (1971).
3219:Pastor, Peter (1976).
3108:Juhász, Gyula (1979).
2781:Pastor, Peter (1988).
1673:
1657:
1645:
1464:
1428:Slovak Soviet Republic
1402:
1378:
1315:
1272:
1081:
953:
879:
654:Slovak Soviet Republic
611:, which maintained an
475:Occupation of Budapest
199:Slovak Soviet Republic
49:
3860:Republic of Prekmurje
3645:Armistice of Belgrade
3492:Hajdu, Tibor (1979).
2111:17 March 2023 at the
1554:, from 1949 to 1956.
1459:
1384:
1373:
1332:counter-revolutionary
1306:
1270:
1003:
951:
877:
802:was formed after the
282:Common languages
5449:Communism in Hungary
4799:History of socialism
3943:Polish–Ukrainian War
3803:Republic of Zakopane
3749:German South Moravia
3589:Treaty of Versailles
2827:A History of Hungary
2343:Howard Morley Sachar
2124:Sharp, Alan (2008).
1716:Angyal, Pál (1927).
1609:Hungarian Red Terror
1463:speaking to soldiers
1191:– commissar of labor
1164:– commissars of food
1154:– commissar of trade
774:doctrine of the new
4735:Estonia (1918–1919)
4629:Hungary (1949–1989)
3706:Free State of Fiume
3459:. Pluto Press, 2018
3439:Thomas L. Sakmyster
3112:. Akadémiai Kiadó.
2566:Robin Okey (2003).
2156:Library of Congress
1282:freedom of assembly
761:, and the evolving
453:• Kun resigns
403:• Established
266:47.4833°N 19.0333°E
262: /
4700:Byelorussia (1919)
3973:Silesian Uprisings
3787:Kingdom of Hungary
3782:Hungarian Republic
2889:. 13 August 1919.
2886:The New York Times
2732:Goldstone, Jack A.
1465:
1408:Czechoslovak state
1403:
1379:
1316:
1273:
1082:
954:
943:
880:
856:Kingdom of Hungary
755:Kingdom of Romania
751:military conflicts
745:which brought the
739:October Revolution
729:It was the second
590:head of government
311:socialist republic
179:, May–August 1919
177:Kingdom of Hungary
129:The Internationale
5406:
5405:
4805:
4804:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4585:
4584:
4327:Congo-Brazzaville
4223:Regional variants
3991:
3990:
3983:Battle of Budaörs
3913:Austrian Littoral
3888:
3887:
3830:Komancza Republic
3604:Treaty of Trianon
3403:György Borsányi,
3359:978-08-03-20788-2
3319:978-0-8229-8199-2
3300:978-08-79-34005-6
3203:978-08-80-33039-8
3176:978-08-80-33137-1
3157:978-06-91-10123-1
3138:978-05-20-01920-1
3119:978-96-30-51882-6
2673:978-963-270-935-2
2473:David A. Andelman
2385:Spencer C. Tucker
2235:978-0-226-61065-8
1694:workers' councils
1371:
1286:freedom of speech
996:Garbai government
990:Russian Civil War
978:workers' councils
848:Czechoslovak Army
680:Russian Civil War
613:economic blockade
564:(widely known in
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
530:
529:
161:
16:(Redirected from
5496:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4809:
4655:
4512:
4302:
4297:socialist states
4176:African-American
4018:
4011:
4004:
3995:
3938:Aster Revolution
3929:Post World War I
3911:South Tyrol and
3876:
3875:
3719:
3689:Successor states
3610:
3609:
3600:
3599:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3545:
3538:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3498:Studia Histórica
3488:
3486:
3484:
3478:
3392:
3375:(101): 314–334.
3363:
3344:
3323:
3304:
3285:
3264:
3244:978-09-14-710134
3236:
3215:
3180:
3161:
3142:
3123:
3104:
3067:
3038:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2656:Kodolányi, János
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2622:. p. 2012.
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2437:Psychology Press
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2296:www.workmall.com
2288:
2269:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2153:
2145:
2139:
2122:
2116:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1931:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1724:. Archived from
1713:
1697:
1684:It followed the
1682:
1676:
1667:
1661:
1648:; literally the
1639:
1633:
1630:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1572:Communism portal
1569:
1568:
1567:
1550:in Hungary, the
1372:
1276:privileges, the
1106:Sándor Csizmadia
822:by ordering the
804:Aster Revolution
776:Communist regime
598:foreign minister
566:English language
546:
545:
534:
533:
521:
520:
514:
513:
498:
497:
492:Hungarian korona
277:
276:
274:
273:
272:
271:47.4833; 19.0333
267:
263:
260:
259:
258:
255:
238:
218:
212:
205:
196:
190:
184:
173:
163:
162:
92:
78:
60:
52:
41:
21:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5439:1919 in Hungary
5409:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5274:
4846:
4836:
4806:
4801:
4784:
4765:Slovakia (1919)
4665:Alsace-Lorraine
4653:
4581:
4510:
4417:
4386:
4295:
4289:
4218:
4197:
4028:
4022:
3992:
3987:
3931:armed conflicts
3930:
3924:
3884:
3873:
3872:
3855:Hutsul Republic
3791:
3760:
3717:
3684:
3675:Clemenceau Note
3628:
3607:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3577:
3572:
3512:
3503:
3501:
3491:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3417:Bennet Kovrig,
3400:
3398:Further reading
3395:
3366:
3360:
3347:
3326:
3320:
3307:
3301:
3288:
3267:
3245:
3234:10.2307/2495009
3218:
3204:
3194:10.2307/2499355
3183:
3177:
3164:
3158:
3145:
3139:
3126:
3120:
3107:
3070:
3041:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3006:on 30 May 2007.
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2915:. Epa.niif.hu.
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2851:
2849:
2842:
2834:. p. 308.
2823:
2822:
2818:
2804:
2802:
2795:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2761:
2759:
2752:
2744:. p. 227.
2730:
2729:
2725:
2711:
2709:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2674:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2630:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2584:
2576:. p. 162.
2565:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2528:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2489:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2447:
2439:. p. 255.
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2401:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2359:
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2327:
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2290:
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2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2236:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2196:on 24 June 2021
2183:
2182:
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2168:
2166:
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2151:
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2123:
2119:
2113:Wayback Machine
2101:
2097:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2053:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2014:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1934:
1926:, p. 298;
1922:
1918:
1910:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
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1811:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1728:on 4 March 2016
1715:
1714:
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1701:
1700:
1683:
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1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1548:Communist state
1524:György Nyisztor
1512:József Haubrich
1490:, known as the
1420:Aurél Stromfeld
1361:
1359:
1349:
1265:
1180:Sándor Szabados
1132:József Haubrich
1118:György Nyisztor
1062:Sándor Szabados
1022:György Nyisztor
998:
946:
941:
872:
792:Austria-Hungary
789:
784:
743:Imperial Russia
731:socialist state
688:
617:soviet republic
574:communist state
568:sources as the
543:
518:
477:
464:
454:
444:
434:
427:7-14 April 1919
424:
414:
404:
392:Interwar period
364:
334:
270:
268:
264:
261:
256:
253:
251:
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188:
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182:
164:
134:
126:
109:
98:
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84:
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61:
54:
46:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5502:
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5466:
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4907:
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4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:(1918–present)
4837:
4835:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4812:
4803:
4802:
4797:
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4793:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4745:Hungary (1919)
4742:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
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4652:
4651:
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4626:
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4620:
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4612:Czech Republic
4607:Czechoslovakia
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
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4547:Inner Mongolia
4544:
4539:
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4529:
4527:East Turkestan
4524:
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4516:
4509:
4508:
4507:
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4299:
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4277:
4272:
4267:
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4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4209:United Kingdom
4205:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4166:United Kingdom
4163:
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4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4076:
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4069:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4042:
4036:
4034:
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4023:
4021:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
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3916:
3909:
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3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:Lemko Republic
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3813:Banat Republic
3805:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:German Bohemia
3725:
3723:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3696:Czechoslovakia
3692:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
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3627:
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3616:
3611:
3601:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3489:
3465:
3464:External links
3462:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3448:Rudolf Tokes,
3446:
3436:
3431:Peter Pastor,
3429:
3426:History Today,
3422:
3415:
3408:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3364:
3358:
3345:
3324:
3318:
3305:
3299:
3286:
3265:
3243:
3216:
3202:
3181:
3175:
3162:
3156:
3143:
3137:
3124:
3118:
3105:
3068:
3039:
3029:(3): 297–314.
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:
2991:
2980:on 1 June 2013
2965:
2939:
2930:
2904:
2872:
2863:
2840:
2816:
2793:
2773:
2750:
2723:
2687:
2672:
2660:Süllyedő világ
2647:
2628:
2601:
2582:
2558:
2545:
2526:
2506:
2487:
2464:
2445:
2418:
2399:
2376:
2357:
2334:
2325:
2313:
2270:
2253:
2234:
2228:. p. 13.
2207:
2176:
2140:
2117:
2095:
2088:
2070:
2051:
2031:
2012:
1988:
1976:
1974:, p. 166.
1959:
1947:
1932:
1930:, p. 226.
1916:
1914:, p. 201.
1899:
1897:, p. 226.
1887:
1875:
1860:
1858:, p. 703.
1848:
1836:
1834:, p. 195.
1824:
1809:
1790:
1784:. p. 80.
1766:
1751:
1739:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1677:
1662:
1634:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1586:Hungary portal
1575:
1559:
1556:
1387:Tibor Szamuely
1348:
1345:
1297:Triple Entente
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1243:Jenő Landler,
1241:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1176:Tibor Szamuely
1168:Zsigmond Kunfi
1165:
1155:
1149:
1139:
1121:
1114:Jenő Hamburger
1103:
1097:
1070:Jenő Hamburger
1030:Zsigmond Kunfi
1018:Tibor Szamuely
997:
994:
974:Vladimir Lenin
958:Dénes Berinkey
945:
942:
940:
939:Communist rule
937:
871:
868:
828:Hungarian Army
818:'s demand for
816:Woodrow Wilson
808:Mihály Károlyi
788:
785:
783:
780:
763:Czechoslovakia
720:Vladimir Lenin
687:
684:
659:Romanian posts
609:Triple Entente
556:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
540:
531:
528:
527:
522:
510:
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389:
388:Historical era
385:
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244:
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229:
225:
224:
215:
209:
208:
202:
193:
187:
181:
180:
174:
166:
165:
132:
124:Internacionálé
116:
115:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
80:
73:
72:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
47:
44:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5501:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
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5018:
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5011:
5008:
5006:
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4991:
4988:
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4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4715:Crimea (1919)
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4684:
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4609:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4577:South Vietnam
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
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4535:
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4530:
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4525:
4523:
4520:
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4517:
4513:
4505:
4504:North Vietnam
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
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4457:
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4380:
4378:
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4360:
4358:
4355:
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4350:
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4335:
4333:
4330:
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4286:
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4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4214:United States
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4171:United States
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4050:New Australia
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3881:
3878:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3680:Clerk Mission
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Smuts Mission
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:(for Hungary)
3605:
3602:
3598:(for Austria)
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3276:(3): 95–109.
3275:
3271:
3270:East European
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2847:
2843:
2841:9780253208675
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2800:
2796:
2794:9780880331371
2790:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2757:
2753:
2751:9781135937584
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2635:
2631:
2629:9780802132505
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2585:
2583:9781134886876
2579:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2533:
2529:
2527:9781598849486
2523:
2519:
2518:
2510:
2507:
2494:
2490:
2488:9780470564721
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2452:
2448:
2446:9780415198776
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2406:
2402:
2400:9781851099658
2396:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2364:
2360:
2358:9780307425676
2354:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2323:, p. 18.
2322:
2317:
2314:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:9781137069689
2133:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2089:9780880335058
2085:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2058:
2054:
2052:9781317867531
2048:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2032:
2019:
2015:
2013:9781351481861
2009:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1986:, p. 88.
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1957:, p. 61.
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1885:, p. 37.
1884:
1883:Szilassy 1971
1879:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1846:, p. 34.
1845:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1822:, p. 15.
1821:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1797:
1793:
1791:9780822981992
1787:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1767:
1764:, p. 58.
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1749:, p. 80.
1748:
1743:
1740:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1690:Soviet Russia
1687:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1576:
1573:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1539:Joseph Stalin
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:Károly Vántus
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:Kalmár Henrik
1513:
1509:
1508:Antal Dovcsák
1505:
1504:Dezső Bokányi
1501:
1500:Ferenc Bajáki
1497:
1496:Péter Ágoston
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1469:György Lukács
1462:
1461:József Pogány
1458:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:Romanian Army
1421:
1417:
1416:Upper Hungary
1413:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1328:József Cserny
1325:
1321:
1320:Mátyás Rákosi
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1256:József Pogány
1253:
1252:Péter Ágoston
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:Ferenc Bajáki
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:Mátyás Rákosi
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:Antal Dovcsák
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:Gyula Lengyel
1203:, later also
1202:
1199:
1196:
1195:Henrik Kalmár
1193:
1190:
1189:Dezső Bokányi
1187:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:György Lukács
1170:, later also
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:Bernát Kondor
1160:, later also
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:, later also
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Rezső Fiedler
1126:, later also
1125:
1124:József Pogány
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Károly Vántus
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:Sándor Garbai
1092:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1078:Antal Dovcsák
1075:
1071:
1067:
1066:György Lukács
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:Károly Vántus
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:József Pogány
1035:
1034:Dezső Bokányi
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:Sándor Garbai
1002:
995:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
963:
959:
950:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
925:People's Word
922:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
876:
869:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:Romanian Army
849:
845:
841:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
781:
779:
777:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:Soviet Russia
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:
707:
706:Sándor Garbai
703:
702:
697:
693:
685:
683:
681:
677:
671:
669:
664:
660:
655:
651:
647:
646:Romanian Army
643:
642:Czechoslovaks
639:
635:
629:
627:
626:working class
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:
595:
594:Sándor Garbai
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
526:
523:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
480:3 August 1919
479:
476:
467:2 August 1919
466:
457:1 August 1919
456:
446:
436:
426:
417:23 March 1919
416:
407:21 March 1919
406:
393:
390:
386:
383:
380:
376:
372:
369:
368:Sándor Garbai
366:
352:
350:
342:
339:
336:
322:
319:
312:
309:
306:
302:
299:
296:
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
275:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
200:
178:
172:
167:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
105:
101:
91:
83:
77:
69:
64:
58:
51:
42:
39:
35:
27:
19:
4744:
4675:Baranya–Baja
4644:Soviet Union
4624:East Germany
4322:Burkina Faso
3776:
3518:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3497:
3481:. Retrieved
3472:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3372:
3368:
3349:
3332:
3328:
3309:
3290:
3273:
3269:
3224:
3185:
3166:
3147:
3128:
3109:
3076:
3072:
3047:
3043:
3026:
3022:
3014:Bibliography
3004:the original
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2978:the original
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2942:
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2884:
2875:
2866:
2858:Google Books
2856:– via
2850:. Retrieved
2826:
2819:
2811:Google Books
2809:– via
2803:. Retrieved
2783:
2776:
2768:Google Books
2766:– via
2760:. Retrieved
2736:
2726:
2718:Google Books
2716:– via
2710:. Retrieved
2700:
2690:
2659:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2614:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2568:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2516:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2477:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2431:
2421:
2409:. Retrieved
2389:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2347:
2337:
2328:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2295:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2220:
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:the original
2189:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2155:
2143:
2126:
2120:
2104:
2098:
2079:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2041:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
1998:
1991:
1984:Völgyes 1971
1979:
1955:Völgyes 1971
1950:
1945:, p. 4.
1919:
1890:
1878:
1873:, p. 6.
1851:
1839:
1827:
1800:. Retrieved
1776:
1769:
1762:Völgyes 1970
1747:Swanson 2017
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:the original
1721:
1711:
1680:
1665:
1649:
1637:
1628:
1536:
1520:Kelen József
1492:White Terror
1477:
1466:
1444:
1436:
1434:on 16 June.
1404:
1399:Memento Park
1395:Jenő Landler
1317:
1311:
1290:
1274:
1234:József Kelen
1230:Gyula Hevesi
1224:Jenő Varga,
1219:
1152:Jenő Landler
1146:István Láday
1142:Zoltán Rónai
1100:Jenő Landler
1083:
1074:Gyula Hevesi
1054:Jenő Landler
1046:Zoltán Rónai
982:Russian SFSR
967:
955:
932:
928:
924:
918:
911:conscription
906:
902:
900:
891:
881:
864:expansionist
840:Serbian Army
836:
790:
728:
709:
699:
689:
672:
638:conservative
630:
569:
561:
559:
507:Succeeded by
506:
501:
447:23 June 1919
437:14 June 1919
363:• 1919
333:• 1919
317:
232:Unrecognized
123:
119:
106:
104:Motto:
103:
38:
26:
5424:Rump states
4658:Short-lived
4515:Short-lived
4484:South Yemen
4469:North Korea
4429:Afghanistan
4146:New Zealand
4141:Netherlands
3880:Lajtabánság
3796:Short-lived
3739:Sudetenland
3655:Pichon Line
3504:3 September
3483:3 September
2923:21 November
2762:28 November
2712:17 December
2620:Grove Press
2610:John Lukacs
2594:28 November
2538:15 February
2499:15 February
2411:28 November
2369:28 November
2321:Juhász 1979
2268:), page 13.
2246:30 December
2216:Mary Jo Nye
1924:Balogh 1975
1820:Balogh 1976
1543:Great Purge
1532:Bela Lugosi
1473:Gyula Peidl
1280:, codified
1211:Vilmos Böhm
1158:Mór Erdélyi
1136:Béla Szántó
1058:Béla Szántó
1014:Vilmos Böhm
944:Coup d'état
933:Vörös Újság
929:Vörös Újság
903:Vörös Újság
866:ambitions.
844:French Army
832:Béla Linder
634:World War I
502:Preceded by
378:Legislature
269: /
5413:Categories
4770:Tarnobrzeg
4695:Bessarabia
4649:Yugoslavia
4372:Seychelles
4367:Mozambique
4362:Madagascar
4285:Vietnamese
4280:Venezuelan
4270:Nicaraguan
4265:Melanesian
4182:Venezuela
4094:Kuomintang
4087:since 1978
4057:Bangladesh
4033:By country
4027:by country
3455:Bob Dent,
2266:9632174771
2063:21 January
1912:Janos 1981
1832:Janos 1981
1732:19 January
1704:References
1604:Red Terror
1351:See also:
1341:Red Terror
1324:Lenin Boys
1250:Béla Kun,
1201:Jenő Varga
1026:Jenő Varga
824:unilateral
747:Bolsheviks
737:after the
582:rump state
304:Government
293:Demonym(s)
257:19°02′00″E
254:47°29′00″N
236:rump state
4728:1939–1940
4683:1918–1919
4452:1982–1992
4447:1979–1992
4442:1975–1979
4438:Cambodia
4413:Nicaragua
4345:1987–1991
4340:1974–1987
4336:Ethiopia
4275:Tanzanian
4156:Sri Lanka
4099:Hong Kong
4082:Communist
4045:Australia
4040:Argentina
4025:Socialism
3902:to Poland
3633:Diplomacy
3527:0001-5849
3381:0037-6795
3341:0012-8449
3282:0012-8449
3261:165079665
3101:154963526
3035:0012-8449
2984:7 October
2958:7 October
2852:26 August
2805:10 August
2742:Routledge
2658:(1979) .
2574:Routledge
2457:6 October
2427:John Rees
2024:6 October
1856:Bodo 2010
1688:model of
1686:Bolshevik
1670:Hungarian
1654:Hungarian
1642:Hungarian
1447:Tiszántúl
1410:(today's
1245:Béla Vágó
1042:Béla Vágó
860:communism
753:with the
298:Hungarian
286:Hungarian
57:Hungarian
4855:Pre-1918
4780:Würzburg
4755:Naissaar
4719:Finland
4679:Bavaria
4617:Slovakia
4602:Bulgaria
4532:Far East
4479:Mongolia
4391:Americas
4255:European
4186:Chavismo
4151:Pakistan
3921:to China
3915:to Italy
3906:Bukovina
3893:Cessions
3665:Vix Note
3582:Treaties
3535:42555690
3093:25764578
3064:40867035
2952:Archived
2917:Archived
2891:Archived
2846:Archived
2799:Archived
2756:Archived
2734:(2015).
2706:Archived
2698:(1979).
2640:7 August
2634:Archived
2612:(1990).
2588:Archived
2532:Archived
2493:Archived
2475:(2009).
2451:Archived
2429:(1998).
2405:Archived
2387:(2014).
2363:Archived
2345:(2007).
2306:3 August
2300:Archived
2240:Archived
2218:(2011).
2160:Archived
2109:Archived
2057:Archived
2018:Archived
1802:7 August
1796:Archived
1558:See also
1484:leftists
1412:Slovakia
1391:Béla Kun
1312:de facto
1308:Béla Kun
1293:hectares
1263:Policies
1010:Béla Kun
962:Vix Note
920:Népszava
915:Red Army
907:Red News
888:Béla Kun
820:pacifism
796:Habsburg
767:Romanian
716:Béla Kun
711:de facto
686:Overview
676:Red Army
668:Budapest
622:councils
601:Béla Kun
489:Currency
338:Béla Kun
318:De facto
246:Budapest
4843:Hungary
4750:Ireland
4740:Galicia
4639:Romania
4597:Albania
4552:Jiangxi
4499:Vietnam
4403:Grenada
4377:Somalia
4260:Israeli
4250:Chinese
4245:Burmese
4240:British
4230:African
4202:History
4193:Vietnam
4161:Tunisia
4111:Finland
4106:Estonia
3900:Galicia
3765:Hungary
3722:Austria
3389:4205656
3253:2495009
3212:2499355
2682:7627920
2664:Magvető
1087:Kremlin
724:Kremlin
701:de jure
692:Hungary
603:of the
586:Hungary
473:•
243:Capital
120:Anthem:
4760:Saxony
4705:Bremen
4634:Poland
4590:Europe
4557:Kuwait
4537:Fujian
4352:Guinea
4312:Angola
4305:Africa
4121:Greece
4116:France
4078:China
4074:Canada
4067:Lulism
4062:Brazil
3533:
3525:
3387:
3379:
3356:
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2200:6 June
2134:
2086:
2049:
2010:
1788:
1486:, and
1480:Horthy
1432:Prešov
1310:, the
1178:, and
1116:, and
1076:, and
757:, the
708:, the
353:
323:
320:leader
308:Soviet
228:Status
217:
211:
204:
195:
189:
183:
122:
95:Emblem
53:
4839:Years
4775:Užice
4710:Bihać
4670:Banat
4542:Gilan
4489:Syria
4459:China
4434:Burma
4408:Chile
4382:Sudan
4357:Libya
4332:Egypt
4317:Benin
4136:Italy
4126:India
3531:JSTOR
3477:(PDF)
3385:JSTOR
3335:(4).
3257:S2CID
3249:JSTOR
3208:JSTOR
3097:S2CID
3089:JSTOR
3060:JSTOR
2897:4 May
2169:5 May
2163:(PDF)
2152:(PDF)
1620:Notes
663:Tisza
650:Tisza
5398:2024
5393:2023
5388:2022
5383:2021
5378:2020
5373:2019
5368:2018
5363:2017
5358:2016
5353:2015
5348:2014
5343:2013
5338:2012
5333:2011
5328:2010
5323:2009
5318:2008
5313:2007
5308:2006
5303:2005
5298:2004
5293:2003
5288:2002
5283:2001
5270:2000
5265:1999
5260:1998
5255:1997
5250:1996
5245:1995
5240:1994
5235:1993
5230:1992
5225:1991
5220:1990
5215:1989
5210:1988
5205:1987
5200:1986
5195:1985
5190:1984
5185:1983
5180:1982
5175:1981
5170:1980
5165:1979
5160:1978
5155:1977
5150:1976
5145:1975
5140:1974
5135:1973
5130:1972
5125:1971
5120:1970
5115:1969
5110:1968
5105:1967
5100:1966
5095:1965
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4955:1937
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4930:1932
4925:1931
4920:1930
4915:1929
4910:1928
4905:1927
4900:1926
4895:1925
4890:1924
4885:1923
4880:1922
4875:1921
4870:1920
4865:1919
4860:1918
4723:1918
4688:1919
4494:Tuva
4474:Laos
4464:Iraq
4422:Asia
4398:Cuba
4235:Arab
4131:Iran
3523:ISSN
3506:2021
3485:2021
3377:ISSN
3354:ISBN
3337:ISSN
3314:ISBN
3295:ISBN
3278:ISSN
3239:ISBN
3198:ISBN
3171:ISBN
3152:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3114:ISBN
3031:ISSN
2986:2010
2960:2010
2925:2008
2899:2010
2854:2016
2836:ISBN
2807:2016
2789:ISBN
2764:2020
2746:ISBN
2714:2017
2678:OCLC
2668:ISBN
2642:2020
2624:ISBN
2596:2020
2578:ISBN
2540:2017
2522:ISBN
2501:2017
2483:ISBN
2459:2017
2441:ISBN
2413:2020
2395:ISBN
2371:2016
2353:ISBN
2308:2022
2262:ISBN
2248:2019
2230:ISBN
2202:2016
2190:VEOL
2171:2020
2132:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2065:2021
2047:ISBN
2026:2017
2008:ISBN
1804:2020
1786:ISBN
1734:2012
1488:Jews
1355:and
1284:and
1254:and
1134:and
592:was
560:The
82:Flag
4841:in
3229:doi
3190:doi
3081:doi
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