380:, over the objection of federal prosecutors. "The order is silent as to any financial aspects of the bonds. In federal court, defendants are normally released on $ 10,000 unsecured bonds, meaning they do not have to put up any money." The court ruled that five of the Hutaree remain in custody. The ruling applied to David Stone Sr., Joshua Stone, Joshua Clough, Michael Meeks, and Thomas Piatek. Four other members had already been released on bond. The court ordered that they be placed on electronic monitors.
333:
45:
313:, teaching the use of explosive materials, and possessing a firearm during a crime of violence. The indictment said that the Hutaree planned to attack unspecified law enforcement vehicles during the funeral procession for an unspecified officer or officers they planned to kill on an unspecified occasion, using unspecified
396:. Clough had earlier entered a guilty plea in December 2011 to a weapons law violation in a plea agreement, with leniency suggested in light of his cooperative testimony in the case. David Stone Sr. and Joshua Stone eventually later entered a guilty pleas in March 2012 to some NFA violations as part of a plea agreement.
404:
In
February 2011, Judge Victoria A. Roberts set a new trial date of September 13, 2011, after defense attorneys asked for more time to review the hundreds of pages of evidence prosecutors had provided them. Attorneys also cited the complexity of the case in asking for a delay. The case originally was
212:
The group remained exclusively
Christian but attempted to maintain relationships with individuals and groups that adhere to other beliefs, especially within the militia movement. One militia associate of the group, named Matt Savino, was denied membership in the Hutaree when he revealed that he was a
184:
The
Hutaree's website claimed: "We see the end of the age coming quickly, and with it some very rough times ahead, as foretold by God's word." The militia describes its goals. "The only thing on earth to save the testimony and those who follow it, are the members of the testimony, until the return of
433:
The trial began on
February 13, 2012. On March 27, 2012, a federal judge acquitted seven Hutaree defendants of the most serious charges related to conspiracy and sedition; they were free to go. David Stone Sr. and Joshua Stone continued to be held on weapons-related charges. On August 8, 2012, David
383:
In addition to being confined to their homes, outside of time spent away from work (or while seeking employment as per standard federal pretrial release conditions), some additional requirements were placed on individual defendants, for example, alleged leader David Brian Stone Sr. was barred from
442:
After the acquittal of seven
Hutaree members, the property seized during a March 2010 raid was returned to the owners. Items included a wedding ring, firearms and surplus items of military equipment previously owned by Hutaree members. The FBI returned Tina Stone’s six guns, including her AR-15
323:
Some articles suggested the
Hutaree had not yet determined whom they would kill in law enforcement, or even that they wished to kill a law enforcement officer to begin a war with law enforcement, while not having any specific target. The FBI was aided in its investigation by members of another
171:
prosecuted them in federal court for an alleged plan for violent revolt. The prosecution said they intended to kill a police officer and to attack the funeral with bombs. The presiding judge dismissed these charges. Three members pleaded guilty to possessing a machine gun and were sentenced to
249:
testimony by a law enforcement officer referred to an "undercover FBI agent" who worked on the case; the FBI declined to comment, but infiltration is a common tactic for law-enforcement officials targeting domestic militia groups. The FBI informant was later revealed to be
405:
to go to trial on
February 28, 2011. Roberts first delayed the trial in December 2010 until April after attorneys made a similar request. Defense attorneys argued that statements made by Hutaree were constitutionally protected free speech and not plans for an attack.
391:
Prosecutors added charges in June 2012 stating that David Stone Sr., Joshua Stone, and Clough illegally possessed automatic rifles and that David Stone Sr., David Stone Jr., and Joshua Stone possessed unregistered firearms, charging them with violations of the
296:
stated that the
Hutaree allegedly planned "to kill an unidentified member of local law enforcement and then attack the law enforcement officers who gather in Michigan for the funeral". The press release further stated that nine had been indicted by a
446:
Seized items that had been returned included hundreds of thousands of rounds of ammunition, numerous weapons and other material, but several items, including illegal weapons taken as evidence, had been destroyed by the
Justice Department.
408:
In
January 2012, a federal judge issued an order granting the defense attorneys' motion to exclude prosecution testimony by an expert drawing parallels between the defendants' beliefs and various conspiracy theories about
245:), for their alleged involvement in a plot to kill various police officers and possibly civilians using illegal explosives and/or firearms. An undercover agent played a role in the investigation that led to indictments.
137:
1232:
425:, concluding: "It is largely irrelevant to the issues in dispute and what little probative value it might add is substantially outweighed by the risks of undue prejudice, confusion and misleading the jury."
185:
Christ in the clouds. We Hutaree are prepared to defend all who belong to Christ and save them. To those who do not, we will still spread the word and fight to keep it, until the time of the great coming."
1269:
288:
On May 3, 2010, a federal judge ordered that all nine members be freed on bond until their trial, saying that prosecutors were not able to demonstrate that the defendants would pose a danger if released.
1410:
336:
In order as shown: Tina Mae Stone, Joshua Matthew Stone, David Brian Stone Sr., David Brian Stone Jr., Thomas William Piatek, Michael David Meeks, Kristopher T. Sickles, Joshua Clough, Jacob J. Ward
221:
by the Hutaree who declined his membership but maintained contact with Mr Savino. Savino eventually was elected to be a "Colonel" in the Michigan Militia. Savino later provided information to the
789:
1390:
434:
Stone Sr., Joshua Stone, and Joshua Clough were sentenced to time served on weapons-related charges, to which they pleaded guilty, and placed under supervision for two years.
1246:
198:
The Hutaree insignia includes a sword, crossed spears, and the letters "CCR" which stand for "Colonial Christian Republic". Hutaree members use a unique system of
1277:
282:
1395:
144:
799:
1375:
850:
1400:
1314:
991:
1077:
274:
995:
725:
209:
professor Mark Liberman commented: "I don't see basis in biblical or military history for Radok, Boramander, Zulif, Arkon, and Lukore."
907:
293:
461:
202:
with titles from highest to lowest: Radok, Boramander, Zulif, Arkon, Rifleman (three grades), Lukore, and Gunner (three grades).
195:
The Hutaree has been known to lend assistance to other militias in the past, with such things as searching for missing persons.
258:
222:
168:
1017:
549:
669:
934:
314:
1196:
278:
81:
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concluded the word does not have a Christian background. The group became widely known in 2010 after the United States
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855:
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233:
From March 28 to 30, 2010, nine people thought to be Hutaree members were arrested in police raids in Michigan,
1310:
1242:
758:
697:
523:
611:
912:
579:
513:
332:
1123:
225:(FBI) which appears to have assisted them in capturing the last indicted Hutaree at large, Joshua Stone.
418:
393:
464:, which included potential plans to assault a Michigan State Police station by a separate militia group
546:
Homegrown Hate: Why White Nationalists and Militant Islamists Are Waging War against the United States
306:
373:
1355:
1045:
966:
827:
763:
730:
561:
298:
163:; the group's website says that the name means "Christian warriors", but an investigation by the
1359:
794:
759:"Bridgewater Township official turns to militia for help; watchdog groups question decision"
553:
456:
242:
218:
152:
108:
94:
1338:
1351:
489:
735:
192:. Most of the members were active voters with unidentified political party affiliations.
879:
822:
484:
992:"Nine Members of a Militia Group Charged with Seditious Conspiracy and Related Charges"
961:
584:
266:
86:
1233:"FBI returns guns to ex-Hutaree member, Tina Stone says jobs scarce despite acquittal"
1109:
1369:
1155:
565:
199:
156:
1022:
674:
385:
350:
David Brian Stone Sr, 44, center (a.k.a. "RD", "Joe Stonewall", "Captain Hutaree")
206:
189:
173:
90:
414:
410:
270:
251:
246:
44:
377:
160:
22:
1344:
1300:
1270:"Hutaree militia members: Government wrongly destroyed personal belongings"
365:
Joshua Clough, 28 (a.k.a. "Azzurlin", "Az", "Mouse", "Jason Z", "Charles")
557:
73:
320:(which under federal law are considered "weapons of mass destruction").
1305:
1237:
1174:
1128:
702:
646:
616:
518:
302:
238:
1201:
265:
The group was allegedly preparing for what they believed would be an
214:
159:. The group formed in early 2006. The name "Hutaree" appears to be a
1170:"Three Hutaree militia members sentenced in Detroit to time served"
878:
Cratty, Carol; St. Claire, Pat; Candiotti, Susan (March 28, 2010).
257:
256:
422:
234:
188:
According to some sources, the group is described as practicing
1206:
1054:
884:
164:
126:
790:"Militia members arrested in Sunday raid to be charged today"
514:"Hutaree militia group loses final battle against government"
114:
123:
612:"Final Hutaree defendants plead guilty to weapons charges"
384:
having any contact with Michigan-based militia activist
962:"Militia Members Released Until Trial in Michigan Plot"
273:, who they believed would be supported and defended by
1411:
Right-wing militia organizations in the United States
1076:
Householder, Mike; Williams, Corey (March 30, 2010).
783:
781:
851:"Militia's influence appears limited to close group"
788:
Chambers, Jennifer; Guthrie, Doug (March 29, 2010).
120:
1226:
1224:
935:"Defense: Feds held key info in Mich. militia case"
726:"Most indicted members of militia group are voters"
117:
111:
80:
69:
59:
51:
30:
1197:"FBI Returns Wedding Ring, Gear To Militia Leader"
1018:"Militia members charged with police-killing plot"
485:"US 'Christian militants' charged after FBI raids"
986:
984:
908:"Militia Chief's Mistrust Festered, Friends Say"
1391:Law enforcement operations in the United States
362:Kristopher T. Sickles, 27 (a.k.a. "Pale Horse")
376:ordered all nine defendants to be released on
340:Nine members of the group that were arrested:
880:"At least 7 arrested after raids in 3 states"
8:
1301:"Hutaree militiaman to get guns back Friday"
1124:"Trial of pro-arms militia opens in Detroit"
1050:"How The FBI Got Inside The Hutaree Militia"
1078:"9th militia suspect faces charges in Mich"
823:"Militia Draws Distinctions Between Groups"
580:"FBI report sheds light on Hutaree Militia"
479:
477:
353:David Brian Stone Jr., 19 (a.k.a. "Junior")
605:
603:
27:
368:Jacob J. Ward, 33 (a.k.a. "Jake", "Nate")
698:"Mentality of the Hutaree militia group"
670:"A Christian militia in America's midst"
331:
261:patch worn commonly for militant members
1122:Keshavan, Meghana (February 13, 2012).
473:
147:group adhering to the ideology of the
18:American anti-government militia group
1168:Kelleher, James B. (August 8, 2012).
1158: (E.D. Mich. March 27, 2012).
610:Kelleher, James B. (March 29, 2012).
7:
1112:, 439-440 (E.D. Mich. 2012).
588:. Associated Press. December 6, 2011
372:On May 3, 2010, U.S. District Judge
996:United States Department of Justice
906:Kellogg, Alex P. (March 31, 2010).
849:Householder, Mike (April 2, 2010).
668:Harwood, Matthew (March 31, 2010).
1317:from the original on April 7, 2013
1026:. Associated Press. March 29, 2010
941:. Associated Press. March 21, 2012
217:. Savino was referred to join the
14:
1396:Organizations established in 2008
1231:Catallo, Heather (June 5, 2012).
1268:Baldas, Tresa (August 3, 2012).
821:Johnson, Kirk (March 31, 2010).
696:Armstrong, Dan (May 13, 2011) .
462:Gretchen Whitmer kidnapping plot
107:
43:
1376:2008 establishments in Michigan
757:Higgins, Lee (March 25, 2010).
294:United States Attorney's Office
223:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1401:Christian conspiracy theorists
1299:Goudie, Chuck (July 6, 2012).
550:University of California Press
269:battle with the forces of the
1:
960:Bunkley, Nick (May 3, 2010).
512:Goudie, Chuck (May 5, 2015).
315:explosively formed penetrator
318:improvised explosive devices
1339:Federal Indictment Document
1083:The San Diego Union-Tribune
856:The San Diego Union-Tribune
724:Troy, Tom (April 1, 2010).
311:weapons of mass destruction
1427:
1350:December 28, 2010, at the
328:Members taken into custody
204:University of Pennsylvania
149:Christian Patriot movement
36:
20:
438:Return of seized property
356:Thomas William Piatek, 46
42:
35:
347:Joshua Matthew Stone, 21
21:Not to be confused with
913:The Wall Street Journal
359:Michael David Meeks, 40
283:federal law enforcement
1156: Case No: 10-20123
1151:United States v. Stone
1110:279 F.R.D. 434
1105:United States v. Stone
443:semi-automatic rifle.
337:
262:
229:Criminal investigation
544:Kamali, Sara (2021).
419:Oklahoma City bombing
394:National Firearms Act
335:
260:
1345:Hutaree Militia Case
558:10.2307/j.ctv1h9dk6p
307:seditious conspiracy
55:David Brian Stone Sr
1046:Temple-Raston, Dina
802:on January 21, 2013
639:"Hutaree: About Us"
374:Victoria A. Roberts
309:, attempted use of
70:Active regions
1386:Crimes in Michigan
1381:Apocalyptic groups
1356:The Daily Telegram
1341:(521K b, 12 pages)
1274:Detroit Free Press
1048:(April 12, 2010).
967:The New York Times
859:. Associated Press
828:The New York Times
764:The Ann Arbor News
400:Pre-trial hearings
344:Tina Mae Stone, 44
338:
299:federal grand jury
263:
200:paramilitary ranks
61:Dates of operation
1362:(Lenawee County).
1280:on August 3, 2014
994:(Press release).
939:Royal Oak Tribune
101:
100:
1418:
1406:Patriot movement
1360:Adrian, Michigan
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1276:. Archived from
1265:
1259:
1258:
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1254:
1245:. Archived from
1228:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1209:. April 21, 2012
1202:CBS News Detroit
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998:. March 29, 2010
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798:. Archived from
795:The Detroit News
785:
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748:
747:
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743:
738:on April 5, 2010
734:. Archived from
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703:Mid-Michigan Now
693:
687:
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649:on April 6, 2013
645:. Archived from
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493:. March 30, 2010
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457:Michigan Militia
219:Michigan Militia
153:Adrian, Michigan
145:militia movement
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95:Theoconservatism
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1319:. Retrieved
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1278:the original
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1247:the original
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1211:. Retrieved
1200:
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1023:Deseret News
1021:
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1000:. Retrieved
973:February 24,
971:. Retrieved
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943:. Retrieved
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832:. Retrieved
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804:. Retrieved
800:the original
793:
768:. Retrieved
762:
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740:. Retrieved
736:the original
729:
719:
707:. Retrieved
701:
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679:. Retrieved
675:The Guardian
673:
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651:. Retrieved
647:the original
642:
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643:Hutaree.org
267:apocalyptic
207:linguistics
190:survivalism
174:time served
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